北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析
考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
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考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. GrammarGrammar1.That grand-sized pine tree______the horizon.(北京大学2005年试题)A.stands up well againstB.stands out good toC.stands out well againstD.stands up good to正确答案:C解析:stand out against sth.的意思是“突出,显眼”,符合题意。
stand up against 的意思是“抵抗,反对,同……对抗”;stand out to sth.无此搭配;stand up to sth.的意思是“经得起磨损”。
本题是说巨大的松树突出地显现在地平线上。
因此C项为正确答案。
2.“The effect of this medicine______by midnight,”the doctor told Emma, “You had better not try to read tonight. “(北京大学2005年试题)A.will wear offB.wears offC.will have worn offD.will be worn off正确答案:B解析:当表示普遍规律时应用一般现在时,因此B项为正确答案。
3.______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.(北京大学2005年试题)A.Being shown around the campusB.Having shown to the campusC.After been shown around the campusD.Having been shown around the campus正确答案:D解析:因为在was ushered into the auditorium hall之前就发生了be shown aroundthe campus这一动作,所以应用完成时的被动语态。
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析
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北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate MyLife,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking likethe suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completelyfulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding thatchildren make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests weneed to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as somethingthat can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider beinghappy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-dayexperience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writesthat“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can laterbe sources of intense gratification and delight.”(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问,Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了她的独到见解,“我爱我的孩子们,我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们的谈兴。
考博士英语试题及答案
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考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法(共20分,每题2分)1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案:A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案:B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案:B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案:A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案:B...二、阅读理解(共30分,每篇阅读5题,每题2分)Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案:[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案:[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案:[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案:[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案:[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空(共20分,每题2分)[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案:[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案:[正确答案]...四、翻译(共20分,每题5分)13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案:[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案:[中文翻译]...五、写作(共10分)15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意:以上试题及答案仅为示例,实际考试内容会有所不同。
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)教学提纲
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北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up".2Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were along time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon's breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon's moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don't happen just anywhere. 4 Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.[A]Othervolcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B]Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.[C]Smokepuffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.[D]Avolcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.[E]Beforea sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely.[F]Avolcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot meltedrock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.[G]Thereare certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。
英语语言博士试题及答案
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英语语言博士试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following English words?A. PhenomenalB. PhenomenologyC. PhenomenonD. Phenomenon答案:B2. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?A. She is more intelligent than what I thought.B. She is more intelligent than I thought.C. She is more intelligent than I had thought.D. She is more intelligent than I thought she was.答案:D3. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to mean:A. To cause an injuryB. To wish someone good luckC. To perform poorlyD. To take a break答案:B4. In English, the term "modal verb" refers to:A. A verb that is used to express necessity or possibilityB. A verb that is used to express actionC. A verb that is used to express emotionD. A verb that is used to express a fact答案:A5. Which of the following is an example of a phrasal verb?A. To look upB. To look afterC. To look intoD. All of the above答案:D6. The word "facetious" is an example of:A. A nounB. An adjectiveC. A verbD. An adverb答案:B7. The sentence "The cat is on the mat" is an example of:A. A declarative sentenceB. An interrogative sentenceC. An imperative sentenceD. An exclamatory sentence答案:A8. Which of the following is not a preposition in English?A. AtB. InC. OnD. And答案:D9. The term "passive voice" is used to describe:A. A sentence structure where the subject performs the actionB. A sentence structure where the subject receives the actionC. A sentence structure where the object performs the actionD. A sentence structure where the object receives the action 答案:B10. The phrase "kick the bucket" is an idiomatic expression that means:A. To dieB. To start a new jobC. To move to a new placeD. To give up答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The word "____" can be used to describe someone who is very talkative and humorous in a way that is not serious.答案:facetious2. The phrase "____" is used to express that something ishappening right now.答案:right now3. In English grammar, the term "____" refers to the subject of a sentence that performs the action.答案:active voice4. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very careful and precise in their work.答案:meticulous5. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening in the future.答案:in the future6. The word "____" is used to describe a situation where something is not possible or cannot happen.答案:impossible7. The term "____" refers to a verb that is used to describea state of being rather than an action.答案:linking verb8. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening in the past.答案:in the past9. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very enthusiastic and energetic.答案:zealous10. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening at the present moment.答案:right now三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. Explain the difference between a countable noun and an uncountable noun in English.答案:A countable noun is a noun that can be counted and has both singular and plural forms, such as "apple" and "apples". An uncountable noun, on the other hand, is a noun that cannot be counted and does not have a plural form, such as "water"or "information".2. What is the function of an adverb in a sentence?答案:An adverb is a word that modifies or provides more information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It can describe how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.3. Describe the use of the subjunctive mood in English.答案:The subjunctive mood is used to express various statesof unreality such as doubt, possibility, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred. It is often used in conditional sentences, to express wishes, or in certain fixed expressions.四、论述。
北京大学博士英语试题及答案
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北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法(共20分,每题2分)1. The company has been ________ for over a century.A. establishedB. establishingC. to establishD. being established答案:A2. Despite the heavy rain, the match will be held as ________.A. planB. plannedC. planningD. to plan答案:B3. The professor suggested that we ________ a meeting to discuss the issue.A. arrangeB. arrangedC. arrangingD. will arrange答案:A4. The book is worth ________.A. to readB. readC. readingD. being read答案:C5. The problem is too difficult for us ________.A. to solveB. solvingC. solvedD. being solved答案:A二、阅读理解(共30分,每题3分)阅读以下短文,然后回答问题。
The rise of artificial intelligence has brought about significant changes in various industries. Companies are now using AI to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer experiences. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, there are concerns about job displacement and privacy issues.6. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The impact of AI on industriesB. The benefits of AIC. The concerns about AID. The advancement of technology答案:A7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI?A. Improved efficiencyB. Reduced costsC. Enhanced customer experiencesD. Increased job opportunities答案:D8. What is the concern associated with AI?A. Job displacementB. Increased efficiencyC. Reduced costsD. Enhanced customer experiences答案:A9. What can be inferred from the passage?A. AI is only used in certain industries.B. AI is a threat to privacy.C. AI is being embraced by companies.D. AI has no benefits.答案:C10. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To promote AIB. To criticize AIC. To inform about AID. To encourage debate about AI答案:C三、完形填空(共20分,每题2分)In the past, people used to believe that the world was flat. However, with the discovery of new lands and the development of navigational tools, this belief was gradually __11__.11. A. changedB. alteredC. modifiedD. transformed答案:A12. The explorers' voyages led to a __12__ understanding of the world.A. clearB. distinctC. preciseD. accurate答案:D13. As a result, the concept of a spherical Earth became__13__.A. acceptedB. acknowledgedC. recognizedD. known答案:A14. Today, we take for granted the fact that the Earth is round, but in the past, it was a __14__ idea.A. revolutionaryB. radicalC. groundbreakingD. innovative答案:A15. The __15__ of the Earth's shape has had a profound impact on science and exploration.A. realizationB. perceptionC. understandingD. comprehension答案:A四、翻译(共30分,每题10分)16. 随着互联网的普及,人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大变化。
北京语言大学考博英语真题核心词汇辨析
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北京语言大学考博英语真题核心词汇辨析1.abundant,plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。
abundant a.(数量)充足的,常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等,含有“过多”之意。
Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。
plentiful a.丰富的,充足的,常用于食物、收获、财产等,不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。
Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。
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2.accent,tone,dialect这三个名词意思相近,容易混淆。
accent n.口音,指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
tone n.语气,音调,指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。
dialect n.方言,土语,地方话,指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言3.access,assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。
access n.接近,进入。
The people living in these apartments have free access to thatswimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。
assess v.评估(财产,价值)。
I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。
2023年北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
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Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%)Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11.Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A.admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A.accustomed to split and dividedB.accustomed to splitting and dividingC.accustomed to split and dividingD.accustomed to splitting and divided13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14.us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2023 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2023, and before that 2023 and 2023. In fact,industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A.D., Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B.C.concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness belie ved to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributedcancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U.S.economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2023 and 2023 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2023 report to investors, for instance,three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U.S.consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit.And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U.S.economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U.S.B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U.S.Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n.1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece wasintended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n.10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality.Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea.Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire,resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them.It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J.C.Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t.Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r.Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)。
北京语言大学考博英语辅导:考博英语阅读理解习题
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北京语言大学考博英语辅导:考博英语阅读理解习题Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners.Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements,as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology.If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other:the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain,the other by trying to break into a market which isn‘t big enough to sustain it.examdaTechnology transfer works in a growing market,where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion.The airliner market is not such a device.Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next20years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales.It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales,their sales must come from substitution,not expansion.Given the complexity of today‘s airliners,it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer.In the short term,such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant:most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.In the short term,it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air–frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such a China,Taiwan or Korea,while retaining thedesign,development and marketing of aircraft for itself.It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills(like computing)at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing.The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft.An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base,the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.1.The author‘s attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depicted as ________.A.positiveB.progressiveC.conservativeD.negative2.“The airliner market is not such a device”means that the airliner market _______.A.does not encourage technology transfer.examdaB.is too limited to offer chances of successC.requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devicesD.is full of competitions even for new entrants3.Established manufacturers search for partners in order to_______.A.save the cost of the airframeB.improve some aircraft componentsC.save the cost of labourD.develop new technology4.According to the author,a wise established manufacturer should______.A.try to benefit from both financial and technical resourcesB.break up his partnership with the East once profits are madeC.keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airlinersD.collaborate with Asian partners for a short time5.The word“base”in the last paragraph represents_______.A.a production placeB.the initial operation of building aircraftC.a research instituteD.a position where to start building答案:CDADA本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解
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北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解In the early days of sea travel,seamen on long voyages livedexclusively on salted meat and biscuits.Many of them died of scurvy,a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums,livid white spotson the flesh and general exhaustion.On one occasion,in1535,anEnglish ship arrived in Newfound-land with its crew desperately ill.The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi vegetable leavesto eat.Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused bysome lack in the sailors’diet and Captain Cook,on his long voyagesof discovery to Australia and New Zealand,established the fact thatscurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for thesailors.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothingharmful may yet result in serious disease if certain importantelements are missing.These elements are called“vitamins”.Quitea number of such substances are known and they are given letters toidentify them,A,B,C,D,and so on.Different diseases are associatedwith deficiencies of particular vitamins.Even a slight lack ofVitamin C,for example,the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit andvegetable,is thought to increase significantly our susceptibilityto colds and influenza.The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet,including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet,say during extended periods of religious fasting,or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may suffer from‘beriberi’,which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice.In the early years of this century, a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi.At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ.He was working in a Japanese hospital,where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain.It was thought this would be easier for weak,sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard,which were fed on scraps from the patients’plates,were also showing signs of the disease.He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease,but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official,who decreed that the huskless polished rice,even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens.It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap,coarse rice with the outer covering still on the grain.Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that a lack of some ingredientin the husk might be the cause of the disease.Indeed this was the case.The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B.The milled rice,though more expansive,was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure.Nowadays,this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.(553words)36.From the passage,what can we learn about Captain Cook?A.He provided clothes for his sailors to avoid scurvy.B.He provided money for his sailors to avoid scurvy.C.He provided fresh fruit for his sailors to avoid scurvy.D.He provided blood for his sailors to avoid scurvy.37.The word‘beriberi’(in paragraph3)probably means_______.A.a germB.a natural phenomenonC.an epidemicD.a disease38.In the last paragraph,what does sentence“Indeed this was the case”mean?A.ReallyB.TrueC.FalseD.Eijkman’s considering was proved correct.39.Vitamin B can be got in—-A.riceB.rice husksC.noodleD.grain40.From the context,what do you think“perpetuating”means?A.deadB.happyC.keep freshD.keep aliveText836.C.Captain Cook在长途航行中由于为水手们提供了新鲜的水果以防止坏血病(scurvy)。
北大考博真题英语答案解析
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北大考博真题英语答案解析北大考博是中国高等教育领域的重要考试之一,英语是其中的一门科目。
随着竞争的激烈,考生对于北大考博英语真题的解析和答案掌握变得尤为重要。
本文将针对北大考博英语真题进行深入解析,帮助考生更好地准备考试。
首先,我们先来看一道真题,然后对其进行解析。
以下是一道典型的北大考博英语阅读理解题:Passage 1It is tempting, but misleading, to picture the history of African-Ameri-cans hid-den, waiting passively for progress to come. In fact, what we find over and over again in black history is the story of black people shaping their own lives and destinies. At the heart of this struggle has been the quest for education, knowledge, and just treatment— issues that have defined a people fighting for dignity and opportunity.Which of the fol-lowing would be the best title for the passage?A. The Struggles of African-AmericansB. The Importance of EducationC. African-American HistoryD. Resilience and Progress解析:本题是一道主旨题,要求找出这篇文章的最佳标题。
我们可以通过文章的主要内容和观点来选择正确答案。
2010年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析
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2010年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: s i jiu san san qi yi liu er liu )Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted “World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft”is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is “the most powerful trend” building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Audition Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns UniversalMusic, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”.[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____[A] profitable.[B] luxurious.[C] entertaining.[D] populous.4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger.篇章剖析:本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。
北京语言大学考博英语真题常见否定句式解析
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北京语言大学考博英语真题常见否定句式解析一、持续否定在同一个句子中重复使用同一否定词,也可用不同否定词来加强语气,这种情况就是持续否定。
例句:The problem is very difficult and obscure:health care costs have not been,aren t,and won t continue to increase faster than government revenues.分析:该句是并列句。
译文:问题晦涩难懂,那就是在过去、现在和将来健康福利的支出都不会比政府税收增加得快。
二、省略否定在上下文环境中,否定结构可用省略的形式。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
例句:——Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.——I hope not.(选自2007年Part C)分析:上一分句为简单句,下一分句为省略相同成分的简单句。
译文:——父母可以为他们的孩子做许多事情来保障他们在步入成年前有一个安全的环境。
——我并不希望如此。
三、转换否定英语中有些句子形式上是肯定而实际上表示否定含义,也有些句子形式上是否定而实际上表示肯定含义。
例句:Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete,certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.分析:该句为复合句,其中can t be too后接形容词意为“越……越好,再……也不过分”,本句中cannot realize too soon同为此结构,另外not nearly意为“远不”。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编66(题后含答案及解析)
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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编66(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1.“Gangnam Style”, the______popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever. (北京大学2013年试题)A.sanelyB.insanelyC.rationallyD.insatiably正确答案:B解析:四个选项的意思分别是:sanely心智健全地,稳健地;insanely疯狂地;rationally理性地;insatiably不知足地,贪得无厌地。
句意是:韩国唱片艺人PSY这首疯狂流行的歌曲“江南Style”已经成为YouTube史上观看次数最多的视频。
根据句意可推出正确答案是B选项。
2.The______British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark. (北京大学2013年试题)A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent正确答案:D解析:四个选项的意思分别是:imposing气势宏伟的,给人深刻印象的;lofty 傲慢的,高超的;prominent卓越的,杰出的,通常指一群人中或一个团体中突出的人;eminent著名的,杰出的。
句意是,英国著名理论物理学家史蒂芬-霍金在采访中曾说道,天堂是那些害怕黑暗的人的童话故事。
根据句意可推出正确答案是D选项。
3.The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been______. (北京航空航天大学2013年试题)A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed正确答案:A解析:本题考查单词词义。
2013年北京语言大学博士入学考试-英语
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2013年北京语言大学博士入学考试-英语第一篇:2013年北京语言大学博士入学考试-英语2013年北京语言大学博士入学考试英语试题一、听力:共15分,约三十题,前十题为短对话,每段对话一个选择题;后二十题为五篇文章,个包含三到五个选择题;所有文章和对话都仅念一遍,问题仅念一遍;相对简单二、完形填空:二十个选择,10分;相对简单三、语法和词汇:二十个选择,10分;语法多词汇少四、阅读五-六篇,我忘记了,30分;最后一篇很难,其他简单五、翻译:英译汉,汉译英各一段;10分;生词较少,相对简单六、作文:谈一谈我们的性格是天生还是环境使然,300-400字,议论文文体。
20分数分布,记得不太清楚了,仅供参考。
题的难度比清华北大的小,比2010年矿大,厦大的大。
第二篇:北京语言大学2013年博士入学考试北京语言大学2013年博士入学考试语言政策与语言战略1.请列举十册对你最有影响的语言学著作或论文。
并凭记忆简述其中一册的内容,并谈谈它对你的学术影响。
(30分)2.请简述你的硕士论文内容,着重谈谈前人工作,你的突破和未来展望。
(40分)3.HSK,卡拉OK,pm2.5 等字母词越来越多的出现,它们有什么特点?社会对他们的态度如何?请谈谈你的看法。
(30分)第三篇:2013武汉大学博士入学考试英语真题答案2013武汉大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案Part I Reading ComprehensionCBADBAADBCBCDACBBDDCPart II English-Chinese Translation1.去年秋季,罗诺克学院的市场调研课业已过半。
有一天,阿里·纳齐米教授宣布课堂上禁用手机的政策。
可话音刚落,他就听到了手机的铃声。
2.我们需要明白的一点是,课堂上的这个事件事先经过策划并被写成剧本。
尼尔·诺兰德始终参与了这个具有伪装性质的行动。
被砸的是他母亲闲置的一部手机,早就停机了。
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
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北京大学考博英语模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Proofreading 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.I don’t mind____the decision as long as it is not too late.A.you delay to makeB.your delaying to makeC.you to delay makingD.your delaying making正确答案:D解析:动词mind“介意,在乎”,主要用于疑问句和否定句,后面要求跟动词-ing形式,表示这个一ing的动作是由句子主语发出的;如果-ing的施动者不是句子主语而是另一人,就需用物主代词my/your/his/her等修饰;如果这个另一人以其名字出现(如John/Ann)或以普通名词出现(如the boy/the child),就以这个名字或名词的主格-ing复合结构作mind的宾语。
2.The speed of communications today, as opposed to____, has greatly altered the manner in which business is conducted.A.one of yesterdayB.those of yesterdayC.that of yesterdayD.the ones of yesterday正确答案:C解析:as opposed to that of yesterday“与昨天的相对比”,that是代词,代替前面刚提到过的名词(特指),相当于the+名词,以避免重复,此处的that代表前面的the speed of communications,如.My seat was nextto that(=the seat)of the mayor.如果前面的名词是复数,后面就要用those代替,如:The objects of thisgroup were nearly so drastic as those(=the objects)of the republicans.如果前面提到的是可数名词,后面再出现表示泛指意义的这个可数名词单数时可用泛指代词one代替;如果是特指可用the ones代替。
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析
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北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text aboutpreparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first andlast paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extraheading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles,birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals wereancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,theyhave no descendants alive now.41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that,apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture ofan animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in whichthe remains are found tells us much about the nature of the originalland,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate.42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocksformed by water action,and most of these are of animals that livedin or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds ofmammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiaowan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guomian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were coveredwith a horny substance.The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom,the other for swimming.The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes,often with thousands of lenses.They were usually an inch or two long but some were2feet.44Of these,the ammonites are very interesting and important.They have a shell composed of many chambers,each representing a temporary home of the animal.As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one.Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45About75million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out.The mammals quickly developed,and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse.Many of the later mammals though now extinct,were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.[B]Nevertheless,we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils, from them we can tell their size and shape,how they walked,the kind of food they ate.[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes,first known in the rocks of375million years ago.About300million yearsago the amphibians,the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared.They were giant,sometimes8feet long,and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam,or layer is formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly150million years these were the principal forms of life on land,in the sea,and in the air.[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures.These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world.[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the ter forms are more complex, and among these are the sea lilies,relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.[F]When an animal dies,the body,its bones,or shell,may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud.More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals,dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression,or simply reduced to a more stable form.答案详解41.【解析】[B]从试题前后的语义逻辑关系来看,试题前面的一段话表明的信息是Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now(尽管这些动物是某些活到现在的物种的祖先,但有的动物却灭绝了,也就是说它们现在已经没有子孙后代活在这个世界上)。
北京大学博士英语试题及答案
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北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解(共20分)阅读下列短文,然后回答1-5题。
The rise of digital technology has transformed the way welive and work. It has also changed the way we communicate. In the past, people mainly relied on face-to-face communicationor letters to convey messages. However, with the advent ofthe internet and smartphones, instant messaging and social media have become the primary means of communication for many.1. What is the main topic of the passage? (4分)A. The impact of digital technology on communication.B. The history of communication methods.C. The importance of face-to-face communication.D. The disadvantages of social media.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a communication method mentioned? (4分)A. Face-to-face communication.B. Letters.C. Instant messaging.D. Radio broadcasts.3. What does the passage imply about the future of communication? (4分)A. It will become more personal.B. It will rely more on digital technology.C. It will return to traditional methods.D. It will become less frequent.4. What is the purpose of the passage? (4分)A. To inform readers about new communication technologies.B. To persuade readers to use traditional communication methods.C. To describe the history of communication methods.D. To analyze the effects of digital technology on communication.5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? (4分)A. The passage argues that digital technology has had a negative impact on communication.B. The passage suggests that digital technology has made communication more efficient.C. The passage states that people no longer use face-to-face communication.D. The passage claims that the internet and smartphones have replaced all other communication methods.二、词汇与语法(共30分)Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank.6. The company has decided to ________ its employees with the latest technology.A. equipB. qualifyC. supplyD. provide7. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ the mountain successfully.A. climbedB. ascendedC. roseD. lifted8. The new policy will ________ a significant impact on the economy.A. haveB. takeC. makeD. get9. She is ________ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential10. The book is ________ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite三、翻译(共20分)Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着人工智能的发展,许多传统行业正在经历转型。
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北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text aboutpreparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first andlast paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extraheading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles,birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals wereancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,theyhave no descendants alive now.41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that,apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture ofan animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in whichthe remains are found tells us much about the nature of the originalland,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate.42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocksformed by water action,and most of these are of animals that livedin or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds ofmammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiaowan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guomian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were coveredwith a horny substance.The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom,the other for swimming.The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes,often with thousands of lenses.They were usually an inch or two long but some were2feet.44Of these,the ammonites are very interesting and important.They have a shell composed of many chambers,each representing a temporary home of the animal.As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one.Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45About75million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out.The mammals quickly developed,and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse.Many of the later mammals though now extinct,were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.[B]Nevertheless,we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils, from them we can tell their size and shape,how they walked,the kind of food they ate.[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes,first known in the rocks of375million years ago.About300million yearsago the amphibians,the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared.They were giant,sometimes8feet long,and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam,or layer is formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly150million years these were the principal forms of life on land,in the sea,and in the air.[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures.These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world.[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the ter forms are more complex, and among these are the sea lilies,relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.[F]When an animal dies,the body,its bones,or shell,may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud.More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals,dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression,or simply reduced to a more stable form.答案详解41.【解析】[B]从试题前后的语义逻辑关系来看,试题前面的一段话表明的信息是Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now(尽管这些动物是某些活到现在的物种的祖先,但有的动物却灭绝了,也就是说它们现在已经没有子孙后代活在这个世界上)。
试题的后面的句子表明的信息是Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that,apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago(有时候这些石头可以将它们的外表展现出来,这样,除了颜色我们就可以对那些数百年前死掉的生物形成一个比较准确的印象)。