如果您今年考研--考研英语精选--考研英语资料
英语考研准备什么资料
英语考研准备什么资料英语考研对于很多考生来说是一个具有一定难度的考试，准备好适合的资料是成功的关键。
本文将为大家介绍英语考研准备所需的资料。
一、词汇书籍1.《考研英语词汇》这本书是考研生提高词汇量必备的资料。
它包含了考研英语中常见的单词和短语，并提供了详细的解释和例句，帮助考生记忆和理解词汇的使用。
2.《考研词汇学习指导与词典》这本书是一本辅助学习和记忆词汇的工具书。
它整理了常见的考研词汇，并采用分类记忆的方式，帮助考生更有效地掌握单词。
二、阅读材料1.《考研英语阅读真题及答案解析》该书是考研英语阅读部分的资料之一，收录了历年的真题，并提供了详细的答案解析。
通过学习和分析历年的真题，考生可以了解阅读题的类型和命题方式，为考试做好充足准备。
2.英语相关期刊、杂志考生可以订阅一些英语学习类的期刊、杂志，如《科学美国人》、《国家地理》等。
这些杂志不仅可以帮助考生提高阅读理解能力，还可以增长知识面，拓宽思维。
三、写作资料1.《考研英语写作指导与范文》该书提供了考研英语写作部分的范文和写作指导。
通过学习范文，考生可以了解写作的结构和表达方式，并进行模仿和练习。
2.相关论文、学术文章考生可以阅读一些与自己所学专业相关的论文和学术文章，了解不同领域的写作风格和术语，提高自己的写作能力。
四、听力资料1.《考研英语听力真题及答案解析》该书收录了历年的考研英语听力真题，并提供了详细的答案解析。
通过反复听写和分析真题，考生可以提高听力的理解能力和应对考试的技巧。
2.英语电影、纪录片考生可以多听英语电影和纪录片，提高自己的听力水平。
可以选择一些口语表达比较地道、内容相关的影片进行观看，同时也可以锻炼自己的听力和理解能力。
五、复习资料1.《考研英语一本通》该书是一本综合性的考研英语复习资料，包含了考研英语各个部分的内容和练习题。
通过该书的学习，考生可以全面复习英语各个方面的知识，提高考试成绩。
2.英语专业课教材根据自己所报专业的英语课程要求，选择相应的教材进行复习。
考研英语参考书目
考研英语参考书目
以下是一些考研英语参考书目的建议：
1.《考研英语一本通》
作者：郑岚、姜守旭
该书是考研英语的经典教材之一，内容全面，覆盖了听力、阅读、翻译和写作等方面。
2.《新东方考研英语写作》
作者：邱丽英
该书针对考研英语写作部分进行了详尽的解析和讲解，并提供了大量的写作例句和练习题。
3.《考研词汇》
作者：刘守信
该书系统地总结了考研中常见的词汇，提供了词汇的解释和例句，并配有相应的练习题。
4.《考研阅读快速提升》
作者：吴健生
该书对考研英语阅读部分的技巧和方法进行了深入的讲解，并提供了大量的阅读题目和答案。
5.《考研英语听力高分技巧》
作者：张亚鹏
该书介绍了考研英语听力部分的技巧和策略，同时提供了丰富的听力材料和练习题，帮助考生提高听力水平。
6.《考研英语真题逐年精析》
作者：***
该书收集了多年来的考研英语真题，并对每道题目进行了详细的解析和讲解，帮助考生了解考试题型和答题技巧。
以上是一些常用的考研英语参考书目，考生可以根据个人情况选择相应的教材进行学习。
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）1. 英语在研究生招生考试中往往是很多理工科考生心中的痛，因为英语这一科考试科目的复习内容是没有上限的，所以考生在复习过程中也经常无从下手，那么接下来小编就为大家带来2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析，快来看看吧！Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles，shopping bags，and other trash litter the planet，from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench， because plastics are everywhere and don＇t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They ＂weep＂out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions，such as museums，trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying： early radios， avant-garde sculptures，celluloid animation stills from Disney films，the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn＇t always know how to mix ingredients properly，says Thea van Oosten， a polymer chemist who，until retiring a few years ago，worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. ＂It＇s like baking a cake： If you don＇t have exact amounts. itgoes wrong.＂ She says. ＂The object you make is already a time bomb.＂And sometimes， it＇s not the artist＇s fault. In the 1960s，the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright，colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen ＂nature carpets＂–large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins，cabbages，and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets –which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately， the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It＇s especially vulnerable to light damage， and by the mid-1990s，Gilardi＇s pumpkins，roses，and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi＇s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals ＂sunscreens＂because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again，albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten＇s， preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse，biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate，are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira，an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology，notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history-Stone Age， Iron Age， and so on-after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic， she says，＂and what we decide to collect today，what we decide to preserve. …will have a strong impact on how in the future we＇ll be seen.＂21.【题干】According to Paragraph 1， museums are faced with difficulties in_____.【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.handling outdated plastic exhibitsD.classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.【选项】A.immune to decayB.improperly shapedC.inherently flawedplex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi＇s artworks to_____.【选项】A.keep them from hurting visitorsB.duplicate them for future displayC.have their ingredients analyzedD.prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.【选项】A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging【答案】D25.【题干】In Ferreira＇s opinion，preservation of plastic artifacts_____.【选项】A.will inspire future scientific researchB.has profound historical significanceC.will help us separate the material agesD.has an impact on today＇s cultural life【答案】BText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate applications and weigh up their options，it may be worth considering just how the point， purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school， got a decent degree， you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal，they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. T oday， 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles； a percentage which is double the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree，but， rather stress that a degree is not for everyone， that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully， there are signs that this is already happening，with Gen Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors，even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route， consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists，it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree， it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Gen Z will be done with education at 18 or 21； they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay agile，relevant and employable. It has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of technology，the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education， and not just knowledge gained on campus， will be a core part of Generation Z＇s career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense：I am a geographer＇or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing；it＇s as if they already know that their degree won＇t define them in the same way.26.【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should_____.【选项】A.be careful in choosing a collegeB.be diligent at each educational stageC.reassess the necessity of college educationD.postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27.【题干】The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect_____.【选项】lennial’s opinions about workB.the shrinking value of a degreeC.public discontent with educationD.the desired route of social mobility【答案】B28.【题干】The author considers it a good sign that_____.【选项】A.Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB.school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC.employers are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD.parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29.【题干】It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should_____.【选项】A.make an early decision on their careerB.attend on the job training programsC.team up with high-paid postgraduatesD.further their studies in a specific field【答案】D30.【题干】What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs？【选项】A.Lifelong learning will define them.B.They will make qualified educators.C.Depress will no longer appeal them.D.They will have a limited choice of jobs.【答案】AText 3Enlightening， challenging， stimulating， fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experience of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said，they had collaborated with artists：and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging results is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them communicate their work to new audiences. ＂Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning.＂ One respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi＇s The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season-provided by Monash University＇s Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November＇s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow， UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature poll， however，several respondents noted that artists do not simply assistscientists with their communication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project， are able to jointly design it and can critique each other＇s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result in powerful art. More than half a century ago，the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies （CAVS）to explore the role of technology in culture. The founders deliberately focused their projects around light-hence the ＂visual studies＂ in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in， and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed， and divided into more sub-disciplines， the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists，writers and poets， and vice versa.Nature＇s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever， but， to make a collaboration work， both sides need to invest time， and embrace surprise and challenge. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication， and participants. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention， and challenge and critique are core to both， too.31.【题干】According to paragraph 1，art-science collaborations have_____.【选项】A.caught the attention of criticsB.received favorable responsesC.promoted academic publishingD.sparked heated public disputes【答案】B32.【题干】The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that_____.【选项】A.art can offer audiences easy access to scienceB.science can help with the expression of emotionsC.public participation in science has a promising futureD.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations【答案】A33.【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the art-science partnership_____.【选项】A.their role may be underestimatedB.their reputation may be impairedC.their creativity may be inhibitedD.their work may be misguided【答案】A34.【题干】What does the author say about CAVS？ _____.【选项】A.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.B.It exemplified valuable art-science alliances.C.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.D.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.【答案】B35.【题干】In the last paragraph， the author holds that art-science collaborations_____.【选项】A.are likely to go beyond public expectationsB.will intensify interdisciplinary competitionC.should do more than communicating science.D.are becoming more popular than before【答案】CText 4The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand＇s Employment Relations Act 2000 （ERA）prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead. dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from ＂unjustified dismissals＂. The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest， constraining firms from firing poorly performing. high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk，to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers， those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers＇ wages. Indeed， in ＂An International Perspective on New Zealand＇s Productivity Paradox＂（2014）. The Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country＇s poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee， employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea， Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified ＂high-income threshold＂from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand， a 2016 private members＇Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However，the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.【题干】The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to _____.【选项】A.punish dubious corporate practicesB.improve traditional hiring proceduresC.exempt employers from certain dutiesD.protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37.【题干】It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may_____ .【选项】A.hinder business developmentB.undermine managers＇ authorityC.affect the public image of the firmsD.worsen labor-management relations【答案】A38.【题干】Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support？【选项】A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints.B.Enforcing employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D.Dismissing poorly performing managers.【答案】D39.【题干】What might be an effect of ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures？ _____【选项】A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs.B.Employees suffer from salary cuts.C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being.D.Employers need to hire new staff.【答案】B40.【题干】It can be inferred that the ＂high-income threshold＂ in Australia _____.【选项】A.has secured managers＇ earningsB.has produced undesired resultsC.is beneficial to business ownersD.is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPart BDirections： The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Teri Byrd_____（41）I was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you ＂enhance＂enclosures，they do not allow for freedom， a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions，and it＇s past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.Karen R. Sime_____（42）As a zoology professor， I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas，wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows canhelp stir children＇s interest in conservation，they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense， immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos＇treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg Newberry_____（43）Emma Marris＇s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organization committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies？ Of course. But they are the exception not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.Dean Gallea_____（44）As a fellow environmentalist animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian. I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful wild creatures close to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbedin their natural environments.John Fraser_____（45）Emma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our studies.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natural world we live in.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】F42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】C43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】A44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】D45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would leadto inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】G考研考什么内容考研分为初试和复试，初试主要是笔试，科目有外语、政治、专业课和综合，不同专业的考试科目是不一样的；复试是笔试和面试相结合，其内容包括英语测试、专业课笔试和综合素质面试。
考研英语二复习资料推荐
考研英语二复习资料推荐——考研英语（二）真题排行榜考研英语复习之路漫长而又艰辛，一本好的真题资料对每一个奋战考研的小伙伴们来说，无疑是其复习的“强力助手”。
目前市面上考研英语二真题复习资料质量参差不齐，本人综合各方面评价，给小伙伴们筛选出来几本高质量的考研英语二真题书，仅供大家参考。
TOP1《考研圣经》推荐指数：★★★★★书籍特点：1.《考研圣经》讲解特别细，是第一本为考英语二的基础较弱同学研发的真题书。
对真题文章的每一句都进行了比较全面详细的解析：对每一个句子都分析了语法结构，另外，一些较复杂的句子有句子图解，一层层分析句子的主干和修饰成分；书中还对每个真题文章句子中出现的重点词汇进行了详细注释（包括词性、词义、熟词僻义、词根词缀、例句等）。
不仅能够让基础较差的同学快速恶补英语基础，还省去了大家翻词汇书和语法书的时间。
真心没见过解析如此详细的考研英语二真题书。
2.除了讲解详细这个优点外，这本书的解题技巧也很实用。
对各个题型总结的有系统的解题技巧，还对每一个试题都进行了技巧点拨，方法很容易理解。
教我们两步解出完型、阅读、新题型等客观题；逐步提升翻译、作文等主观题。
很适合基础不好的同学循序渐进地掌握解题技巧。
3.采用双色印刷，重点鲜明。
但是由于这本书讲解比较细，书比较厚，而且字号较小。
这本书包括两个版本，其中《考研圣经基础加强版》逐字逐句细解2005年-2009年的5套MBA真题（MBA真题是考研英语二真题的前身，2010年MBA入学考试的英语科目正式更改为考研英语二）；《考研圣经高分突破版》包括考研英语二38年真题的详细解析。
这本书均按照年份分册装订，一次用一册，携带很方便。
4.价格相对来说较便宜，性价比高，追求质量和性价比的童鞋可以考虑入手。
5.《考研圣经》还配有同步的名师视频课程讲解和真题录音。
报辅导班什么的都比较贵，但这个配套讲解视频是完全免费的，基础不好、看不懂书的童鞋可以配合视频来消化知识点，学习效果会更好。
2010-2016年历年考研英语真题+答案
2016年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of English Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negoti ations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are__15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she__17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.【B】New runways would be constructed.【C】Websites about dieting would thrive.【D】The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to【A】heightening the value of【B】indicating the state of【C】losing faith in【D】doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？【A】The French measures have already failed.【B】New standards are being set in Denmark.【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.【D】Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for【A】pursuing perfect physical conditions【B】caring too much about model’s character.【C】showing little concern for health factors【D】setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?【A】A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals【B】A Dilemma for the Starving models in France【C】Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty【D】The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a c urious result. While polls show Britons rate”thecountryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air .”Hill’s pressure la ter led to creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it . It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sen timent. The conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation，even authorising“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone，with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that”housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always，where to put them. Under lobby pressure，George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets . This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative --- the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside【A】 has brought much benefit to the NHS.【B】didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.【C】 is fully backed by the royal family.【D】 is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being【A】 gradually destroyed.【B】 effectively reinforced.【C】 properly protected.【D】 largely overshadowed.28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?【A】 Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.【B】the Conservatives may abandon ”off -plan“ building.【C】 the Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.【D】 labour is under attack for opposing development.29. the author holds that George Osborne’s preference【A】 reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.【B】 shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.【C】 stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.【D】 highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.30. In the last paragraph，the author shows his appreciation of【A】 the size of population in Britain.【B】 the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.【C】 the town-and-country planning in Britain.【D】 the political life in today is Britain.Text 3“There is on and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at leastwhen they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. Al recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery p rosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programms tended to get more lenient penalties,. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’sPolitical influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern , such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving byabout20% results in finesthat generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials”, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with【A】tolerance.【B】skepticism.【C】uncertainty.【D】approval.32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company by【A】winning trust from consumers.【B】guarding it against malpractices.【C】protecting it from being defamed.【D】raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(line 2,para.4)is closest in meaning to【A】more effective【B】less controversial【C】less severe【D】more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR regard【A】has an impact on their decision【B】comes across as reliable evidence【C】increases the chance of being penalized【D】constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?【A】Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.【B】The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.【C】Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.【D】It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses, delivery trucks —isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print away. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its printedition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.Perett i says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.”Fighting out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them,”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example seen as a blunder,”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you wer e helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product ,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which way be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to【A】the pressure from its investors.【B】the complaints from its readers.【C】the high cost of operation.【D】the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should 【A】make strategic adjustments【B】end the print edition for good.【C】seek new sources of readership.【D】aim for efficient management.38. It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”【A】will have the cost of printing reduced.【B】is meant for the most loyal customers.【C】helps restore the glory of former times.【D】expands the popularity of the paper.39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world,【A】traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.【B】aggressiveness better meets challenges.【C】cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.【D】legacy businesses are becoming outdated.40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?【A】Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.【B】Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.【C】Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.【D】Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Know your goals[G]Make it efficientNo matter how formal or informa the work environment，the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，and likeability in just a tenth of a second，solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success” era isthat the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals? Here are some tips;41. （）As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions---when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42. （）Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“SoHo”.(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43. （）Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.（）Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you m ight think.45.（）The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time passing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all yourclothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or me nd, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental h ealth and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mentalhealth will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available andknowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should1. describe the pictures briefly,2. interpret its intended meaning, and3. give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points）2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_u s in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity o f the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.。
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接下来，我将根据个人经验，向大家推荐几种优质的考研复习资料。
一、《全套考研指南》这是一本非常全面的考研指南，它由研究生院、各学科教授和考研老师联合编写而成。
该书共有6个部分，包括综述、政治、英语、数学、专业课和实践指导。
最值得推荐的是该书内的考研模拟试卷，这些试卷的难度和模式都非常贴近考试实际，帮助我们更好地了解并应对考试可能出现的问题。
二、《考研英语极速记忆》相信很多考生都会遇到英语单词记不住的烦恼。
而该书就帮助我们解决了这个问题。
该书是一本重点记忆法的英语单词书，对于考研英语单词复习非常有帮助。
书内特别强调了50个重点词根、前缀和后缀，让我们对一些单词的记忆更加有力、更加持久，这样可以大大缩短我们的复习时间。
三、《考研数学大纲解析》数学相对于其他学科，更加需要灵活运用公式和方法。
而这本书就提供了一些非常实用的方法和技巧。
书内包含了很多考研数学的难点和重点，帮助我们更好地理解概念和公式。
除此之外，书中还有大量的例题和习题，帮助我们逐步提高和巩固数学思维。
四、《历年考研英语真题分类汇编》这是一本针对历年考研英语真题的分类汇编，提供了大量的真题练习。
相信每一个考生都知道，做历年真题对于考研复习的重要性，可以让我们更加了解考试形式、题型和难度，同时也可以提高我们的应对能力。
该书汇总了近年来的历年考研英语真题，按照类型进行分类，帮助我们更加有针对性地复习英语。
总之，好的复习资料对于我们的复习非常有帮助，可以让我们更加轻松地应对考试，提高我们的复习效率和成绩。
当然，以上仅是我个人的一些看法，每个人的情况都不同，需要根据自己的实际情况进行选择。
无论如何，通过不断地复习和提高，相信每一个考生都能够在考研路上迈出自己的成功一步。
考研英语资料大全
考研英语资料大全一、考研英语写作资料在备考考研英语写作阶段，有一些资料是必备的，可以帮助你提高写作水平和应对考试。
以下是一些值得参考的考研英语写作资料：1. 《考研英语写作指导与范文精析》：这本书以指导写作为主线，通过范文的精析和解读，帮助考生掌握写作技巧和语言表达能力。
2. 《考研英语作文万能模板》：该资料整理了多种常用的作文模板，包括议论文、图表作文、书信等多种类型，考生可以根据需求选择适用的模板，提高文章结构和写作逻辑。
3. 《考研英语作文经典句型大全》：这本资料整理了大量常用的句型和表达方式，通过学习和运用这些句型，可以提高文章的表达准确性和流畅度。
4. 《考研英语写作真题精解与范文》：该资料选取了历年来的考研英语写作真题，并提供了解题思路和范文参考，帮助考生了解考试要求和提升写作水平。
5. 《考研英语写作必备词汇》：这本资料整理了考研英语写作中常用的高频词汇，通过学习和掌握这些词汇，可以提高文章的表达能力和词汇储备。
二、考研英语阅读资料考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，良好的阅读素养和高效的阅读方法对提高分数至关重要。
以下是一些值得考生参考的考研英语阅读资料：1. 《考研英语阅读理解题库》：这本题库整理了大量的考研英语阅读理解题目，按照不同题型分类，供考生练习和模仿，帮助考生熟悉题型和提高解题能力。
2. 《考研英语阅读理解万能解题方法》：该资料介绍了一些解题的方法和技巧，包括快速阅读、精读技巧、选项分析等，帮助考生在有限的时间内快速准确地解答题目。
3. 《考研英语阅读真题详解》：这本资料选择了历年来的考研英语阅读真题，并提供了详细的答案解析和解题思路，供考生参考和学习。
4. 《考研英语阅读实战指南》：该资料提供了一些实用的阅读技巧和方法，包括词汇记忆、判断推理、态度观点等，帮助考生全面提升阅读能力和解题效率。
5. 《考研英语阅读高频词汇》：这本资料整理了考研英语阅读中常见的高频词汇，通过学习和掌握这些词汇，可以提高理解文章的能力和词汇记忆。
考研英语复习要买哪些资料？跟着谁复习？
考研英语复习要买哪些资料？跟着谁复习？摘要：考研英语贯穿了整个考研的复习过程并且奠定了考研复习的节奏，前期准备越充分，后期才不会因为英语的问题而耽误了其他科目的复习从而打乱复习节奏心生焦虑。
所以在开始复习前一定要做好规划，今天就带大家看看考研英语复习要买哪些资料，又要跟着谁复习~一、考研英语复习需要用到的资料Part1.词汇Ⅰ《恋练有词》2021版应该叫《真题5500词》了，一本黄色的书。
绿色的那本《恋练有词》2021版是新东方的俞敏洪主编了。
朱伟是以讲单词为主的老师，亮点在于词根词缀的讲解。
他会从一个单词出发，扩展出单词词根词缀、关联相近词汇和形近词汇、单词的搭配用法，以及在真题的情境中理解该单词。
很系统，比死背单词高效得多。
Ⅱ《新东方考研英语词汇（乱序版）》简称新东方绿皮书。
词汇量蛮全的，很厚的一本。
最大的特点就是乱序，并且是词根词缀排列，一个基础单词引出一大串相近单词，喜欢用这种方法记忆单词的同学可以用。
Ⅲ《红宝书考研英语词汇》这本书是我觉得最好的考研英语词汇书，包括了5500余个大纲词汇，这本书严格按照考研英语最新大纲要求，运用英语测试学及统计学原理，在深入研究历年真题及考研英语命题规律的基础上，对考研英语大纲词汇进行了深入地分析和研究，将考研词汇按其重要程度区分为：必考词、基础词、超纲词等，并且重点突出必考词，深入剖析必考词，反复练习必考词。
使考生能够分清主次，并抓住考研词汇的重中之重，省时、省力、成效显著。
非常有利于考生提高效率，节省时间。
另外，本书对词汇的的记忆采取了多种方法（结构法+联想法+读音法+形近法），再配以MP3,对大纲词汇的记忆很有效果，最后通过其练习题加强对考研词汇的融会贯通，达到能够灵活运用的目的。
Ⅳ《10天搞定考研词汇》王江涛老师出的一本单词书，单词只节选了部分常考词汇，采用艾宾浩斯记忆曲线法，适合复习时间紧张或者后期巩固，一小本携带方便。
Tips：建议选择哪本词汇书就看哪本书的配套视频课，然后把书多过几遍。
考研英语二推荐复习资料
考研英语二推荐复习资料考研英语二是研究生入学考试中的一大难点，其复习过程和方法至关重要。
在众多的考研英语备考资料中，如何选择适合自己的复习资料是一件非常关键的事情。
本文将向大家推荐一些实用的考研英语二复习资料，希望能够对大家备考有所帮助。
一、阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语二中最重要的考试环节之一。
想要顺利通过此环节，建议备考者先从以下基础材料着手：1.《美国综合阅读教程》：本书主要面向初学者，包含了大量阅读理解的例子，让考生可以更好地了解阅读材料的基本思路，适合初次接触英语阅读的考生阅读。
2.《新东方·英语语法基础课》：本书主要讲解英语语法，包含大量的例句和练习，让考生可以更好地了解语法知识的运用方法。
3.《托福词汇一本通》：本书主要讲解托福考试中的单词，但是其中的词汇量对于考研复习也非常有用。
考生可以通过学习这些单词来提高自己的阅读理解技巧。
二、翻译翻译是考研英语二的另一大考试环节。
备考者可以通过以下几种方式来提高自己的翻译能力：1.《剑桥商务英语翻译》：本书主要讲解商务英语的翻译技巧和方法，并且包含了大量的例句和练习题，让考生可以更好地了解商务英语翻译的实际应用。
2.《新视野大学英语(读写教程)》：本书主要是针对大学英语课程设计的，从翻译和写作两个方面来进行阐述，其中包含了大量的翻译练习，非常适合考研英语二的备考者阅读。
3.考研翻译实战题库：考研翻译实战题库是一套集复习、策略与模拟于一体的题库，整个题库分为20个模拟试卷和8000道口译、笔译题库，对于需要针对考研翻译实战进行模拟和策略训练的考生非常有用。
三、写作写作是考研英语二的最后一道考试环节。
备考者可以通过以下几种方式来提高自己的写作能力：1.《唐纳·默里的写作课》：本书主要讲述如何通过写作来进行思考和表达，非常适合考生针对写作环节进行提高。
2.《新东方·全国研究生入学考试英语应试指南》：本书主要是针对考研英语二的写作环节进行详细的阐述和讲解，包含了大量的写作范例和练习题。
2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)
2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)ui2013年考研英语（一）真题 (6)Section I Use of English (6)Section II Reading Comprehension (11)Part APart B (35)Part C (42)Section III Writing (48)Part A48Part B (49)2013考研英语（一）答案 (50)Section I Use of English (50)Section II Reading Comprehension (57)Section III Writing (79)2012年考研英语（一）试题 (83)Section I Use of English (83)Section II Reading Comprehension.Part A87Part B (110)Part C (115)Section III Writing (118)Part APart B (119)2012考研英语（一）答案 (121)Section I (121)Section II Reading Comprehension (132)作文 (167)2011考研英语(一)试题 (172)Section I Use of English (172)Section II Reading Comprehension (178)Part A (178)Part B (205)Part C (211)Section ⅢWriting (216)Part A (216)Part B (216)2011考研英语（一）答案 (219)Section I Use of English (219)Section II Reading Comprehension (226)Section III Writing (244)2010年考研英语（一）试题 (250)Section I Use of English (250)Section II Reading Comprehension (251)Part A (251)Part B (258)Part C (260)Section ⅢWriting (260)Part A (260)Part B (261)2009年考研英语（一）试题 (262)Section I Use of English (262)Section I I Reading comprehension (263)Part A (263)Part B (270)Part C (271)Section ⅢWriting (272)Part A (272)Part B (272)2009年考研英语（一）答案 (274)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (274)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (274)Section III: Writing (30 points) (274)2008年考研英语（一）试题 (276)Section I Use of English (276)Section II Reading Comprehension (277)Part A (277)Part B (284)Part C (286)Section III Writing (287)Part A (287)Part B (287)2008年考研英语（一）答案 (289)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (289)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (289)Section III: Writing (30 points) (289)2007年考研英语（一）试题 (291)Section I Use of English (291)Section II Reading Comprehension (295)Part A (295)Part B (303)Part C (304)Section III Writing (305)Part A (305)Part B (306)2007年考研英语（一）答案 (307)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (307)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (307)Section III: Writing (30 points) (307)2006年考研英语（一）试题 (309)Section I Use of English (309)Section II Reading Comprehension (313)Part A (313)2002年考研英语（一）试题 (381)Section I Listening Comprehension (381)Part A (381)Part B (382)Part C (382)Section II Use of English (385)Section III Reading Comprehension (390)Part A (390)Part B (398)Section IV Writing (399)2002年考研英语（一）答案 (400)Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) (400)Section II: Use of English (10 points) (400)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) (400)Section IV: Writing (20 points) (401)2001年考研英语（一）试题 (402)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (402)Part A (402)Part B (405)Section II Cloze Test (410)Section III Reading Comprehension (414)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (423)Section V Writing (424)2001年考研英语（一）答案 (426)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points) (426)Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) (426)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (426)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (426)Section V: Writing (20 points) (427)2000年考研英语（一）试题 (428)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (428)Part A (428)Part B (431)Part C (432)Section II Cloze Test (437)Section III Reading Comprehension (440)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (448)Section V Writing (449)2000年考研英语（一）答案 (451)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) (451)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (451)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (451)Section V: Writing (15 points) (452)2013年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that ___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. ___4___, hetheorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft ___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was___11___.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___14___ numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were ___15___ used in conjunction w ith an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that, then the score for the next applicant would___18___ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to___19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been ___20___.1. A grants B submits C transmits Ddelivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principleD For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D.identified11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conductedD. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s. The Omnivore`s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; he r example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labelsurge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer andApple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking w ith Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and presson anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioral”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured formillions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say withconsiderable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to beinspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN`s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world`s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet`s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.In Arizona, United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule ofnaturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That`s because Congress has alwaysenvisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federalexecutive power”. The White House argued the Arizona`s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightlyrejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona`s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers` duty to withhold immigrants` information.[B] States` independence from federal immigration law.[C] States` legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress`s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states` interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] Outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states` support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every yearsince 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today`s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creativedestruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today`s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is aboutdeveloping clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible assuch. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts。
考研英语一复习资料推荐
考研英语一复习资料推荐考研不仅是一段孤独的路程，更是一段布满荆棘的艰难之路。
每一年都有很多人在初试时就铩羽而归，考研的难度也久可想而知了。
考研英语一作为必考的公共科目，其门槛的设置也是非常高的，对于基础薄弱的考生而言，可以说是非常难了。
那么，基础差的同学到底怎么复习才不至于让考研英语一拖后腿呢？今天就给大家推荐一本资料书——《考研真相》，恶补基础没毛病。
一、基础优先考过四六级的筒子们应该清楚，对于英语考试来说，基础无疑是相当重要的，考研英语一当然也不例外。
单词不认识，语法一窍不通那你还怎么读懂文章，怎么做题？所以，考研英语一复习的第一要务就是巩固基础。
为了帮助基础薄弱者提升自己的英语水平，《考研真相》通过逐词逐句解析的方式对考研英语一历年真题中的核心单词和长难句都进行了全面的解析。
1.恶补词汇书中对考研英语一真题文章中的重难点词汇都做了全面的讲解，包括词性、常见词义、熟词僻义、派生词、近义词、反义词、词根词缀、常用词组和例句等。
通过真题环境记单词的方式让考生加深对重难点词汇的理解和印象，克服词汇难关。
2.恶补语法逐句拆解的全新模式在语法方面展现的更加简单粗暴，简单句文字讲解；长难句图示加文字讲解，让复杂的语法知识简单更加简单直观。
通过层层剖析句子的主干和修饰成分，将句子的语法结构简洁直观地呈现给考生，帮助考生恶补语法。
二、技巧并重历年来的考研英语一试题在难度上都是非常贴近的，因此大家可以通过深刻研读历年的考研英语一真题总结命题规律，归纳解题技巧。
《考研真相》通过分布逐级解析的模式指导考生突破常规，实现高效解题的目的。
通过“完形和新题型采用“快速解题+回文精解”；模式阅读采用“浏览题干+回文定位”模式；；翻译采用“常规译文+升级译文”模式；写作采用“模板范文+创新范文”模式”这些非常创新的办发帮助考生实现从不会做题到会做题的转变，最终高分通过考试！。
考研英语试题精解及答案
考研英语试题精解及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 作者支持全球化。
B. 作者认为全球化对环境有害。
C. 作者认为全球化对经济有益。
D. 作者反对全球化。
答案：C2. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”是指什么？A. 经济增长不牺牲环境。
B. 经济增长以牺牲环境为代价。
C. 只关注经济增长，不考虑其他因素。
D. 只关注环境保护，不考虑经济增长。
答案：A3. 根据文章，以下哪个选项是错误的？A. 发展中国家需要全球化来促进经济增长。
B. 发达国家在全球化中扮演着重要角色。
C. 作者认为全球化是不可逆的趋势。
D. 作者认为全球化是有害的。
答案：D4. 文章中提到的“绿色经济”是什么意思？A. 一种以牺牲环境为代价的经济模式。
B. 一种注重环境保护的经济模式。
C. 一种只关注经济发展的经济模式。
D. 一种不关心经济和环境的经济模式。
答案：B5. 文章中提到的“碳足迹”是指什么？A. 个人或组织对环境的污染程度。
B. 个人或组织对经济的贡献。
C. 个人或组织的社会影响力。
D. 个人或组织的政治影响力。
答案：A二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has become increasingly popular. A smart city is one that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. For example, a smart city might use sensors to monitortraffic flow and __6__ congestion.6. A. reduceB. increaseC. avoidD. ignore答案：A7. These sensors can also be used to monitor air quality and__7__ any potential health hazards.7. A. identifyB. createC. ignoreD. exaggerate答案：A8. In addition to improving transportation and environmental conditions, smart cities can also __8__ energy use.8. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stabilizeD. fluctuate答案：B9. By using smart grids and energy-efficient buildings, a smart city can __9__ a significant amount of energy.9. A. consumeB. conserveC. wasteD. transfer答案：B10. The ultimate goal of a smart city is to create a more__10__ and sustainable living environment for its citizens.10. A. comfortableB. expensiveC. inconvenientD. unsustainable答案：A三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
英语考研推荐复习资料
英语考研推荐复习资料考研英语复习资料推荐考研英语是许多考生的难点，选择合适的复习资料至关重要。
以下是一些备受推崇的考研英语复习资料，帮助考生高效备考。
1. 考研英语词汇书词汇是英语学习的基础。
《考研英语词汇词根+联想记忆法》是一本非常受欢迎的词汇书，它通过词根和联想记忆法帮助考生记忆单词，提高词汇量。
2. 历年真题历年真题是考研英语复习的重要资料。
《考研英语历年真题解析》收录了历年的真题及详细解析，帮助考生了解考试趋势，掌握解题技巧。
3. 阅读理解专项训练阅读理解是考研英语的重头戏。
《考研英语阅读理解高分技巧与专项训练》提供了大量的阅读材料和练习题，帮助考生提高阅读速度和理解能力。
4. 写作指导书籍写作是考研英语的另一个重要部分。
《考研英语写作高分指南》提供了写作技巧和模板，帮助考生在考试中写出高质量的作文。
5. 听力训练材料听力是考研英语的另一个难点。
《考研英语听力强化训练》提供了丰富的听力材料和练习题，帮助考生提高听力水平。
6. 模拟试题模拟试题可以帮助考生检验复习效果。
《考研英语模拟试题及解析》提供了多套模拟试题和详细解析，帮助考生查漏补缺。
7. 网络资源除了纸质资料，网络上也有很多优质的考研英语复习资源。
例如，新东方在线、沪江英语等网站提供了大量的考研英语学习资料和在线课程。
8. 考研英语APP随着科技的发展，考研英语APP也成为了考生复习的重要工具。
例如，扇贝单词、百词斩等APP提供了丰富的词汇学习和复习功能。
总之，考研英语复习需要综合运用多种资料和方法。
考生可以根据自己的实际情况，选择适合自己的复习资料，制定合理的复习计划，坚持不懈地学习，相信一定能够取得理想的成绩。
考研英语作文用什么书
考研英语作文用什么书考研英语作文是考研英语中的一个重要部分，选择合适的书籍对于提高写作能力至关重要。
以下是一些推荐的书籍，可以帮助你提升考研英语作文的水平：1. 《考研英语作文指导与范文》 - 这本书提供了详细的写作指导和丰富的范文，帮助考生理解考研英语作文的要求，并提供实际的写作例子。
2. 《考研英语写作高分攻略》 - 这本书不仅提供了写作技巧，还包括了历年真题的解析和模拟练习，帮助考生熟悉考试题型。
3. 《考研英语作文模板与技巧》 - 模板是快速提高写作效率的一个好方法。
这本书提供了多种模板和写作技巧，帮助考生在考试中快速构思和组织文章。
4. 《考研英语写作精讲精练》 - 通过精讲精练的方式，这本书帮助考生深入理解写作要点，并通过练习提高写作能力。
5. 《考研英语作文一本通》 - 这本书内容全面，从基础写作技巧到高级写作策略，适合不同水平的考生使用。
6. 《考研英语写作高分必备》 - 这本书强调写作的实用性和应试性，提供了大量的写作练习和模拟题，帮助考生在实战中提高。
7. 《考研英语作文实战技巧》 - 这本书着重于实战技巧，帮助考生在考试中快速准确地完成作文。
8. 《考研英语作文经典范文集》 - 通过阅读和学习经典范文，考生可以了解优秀作文的结构和语言特点。
9. 《考研英语写作专项训练》 - 这本书专注于写作的专项训练，帮助考生在特定写作技能上取得突破。
10. 《考研英语作文全攻略》 - 全面覆盖考研英语写作的各个方面，从基础知识到高级技巧，适合全面提高写作能力。
在选择书籍时，考生应该根据自己的实际情况和需求来选择，同时，结合老师的指导和自己的实践来提高写作能力。
记住，写作是一个需要不断练习和反思的过程，只有通过不断的努力，才能在考研英语作文中取得好成绩。
考研英语应该准备的复习资料
还有记忆方法多样！有配套练习题和MP3光盘！每个单元一百个词左右，开篇有单词一览，然后才是单词的解释和联想记忆，记忆方法也不错，还有例题和反义词什么的。赠送的光盘也很不错，最喜欢的还是随书赠送一本练习册，可以自测。
7.本书结构层次分明，重点突出，强调学练结合，在着重演绎180余个图画和话题的同时，为考生提供了“同类话题自测精练”，全书共涉及考研写作图画及话题300余个。
本书是最早的一本以图画和话题形式出版的考研英语写作精品复习资料。书中的大量图画和话题被同类书籍广泛“引用”。对此，若有疑问，则可通过网络搜索和书籍先后版本对比证实。
英语、数学和专业课的第一轮复习都安排在起步期，因为英语、数学学习都具有基础性和长期性的特点，而专业课程内容多而杂，量很大，因此第一轮复习宜早不宜迟。只有政治复习不必着急，因为考点还没修订完毕，新大纲尚未出台，所以安排到7月份强化期内，免得做无用功。
①英语。重点是考研词汇、基本语法，同时，阅读理解训练也要开始。语法等不会有什么变化，词汇每年大纲虽然有所修订，但变动不大，因此找本前一年的《大纲》先看着。有许多同学正好在这一阶段考CET6级，由于6级和考研难度大致相当，词汇量也差不多，所以可以结合起来复习。
政治
在两个方面下工夫。一是时事政治与基本理论的结合，二是进行答题方法训练，强化答题技巧。时事政治与政治基本理论的结合历来是考试热点，需要自己好好归纳总结，建议上串讲冲刺班。不要做大量的模拟题，因为缺少严格的标准答案，很难对模拟结果做出精确评判，要是碰到一些劣质的模拟题，说不定还会误导。
考研英语阅读资料必看
考研英语阅读资料必看2023年考研英语阅读资料是考生备考过程中必不可少的一部分。
通过阅读理解题，考生可以提高英语阅读能力，并且获得对各种题型的熟悉度。
下面，本文将为考生介绍一些必看的英语阅读资料，希望对考生备考有所帮助。
一、《The New Yorker》《The New Yorker》是一本以文学、艺术和时尚为主题的杂志。
考研阅读中的文章往往涉及到社会热点、文化趋势等，而《The New Yorker》刚好提供了这些方面的内容。
考生可以通过阅读该杂志，了解当代社会的发展动态，增加对时事的了解，提高自己的阅读水平。
二、《Scientific American》《Scientific American》是一本国际性科学杂志，刊登了许多前沿科技方面的文章。
在考研英语中，科技类文章数量较多，通过阅读《Scientific American》，考生可以了解到最新的科技进展，增加对科技类语言的理解能力，提高考试的应变能力。
三、《National Geographic》《National Geographic》是一本以自然科学、地理学为主题的杂志。
其中的文章涉及到了自然、地理、动物、环境等多个方面的内容。
阅读该杂志对于提高考生的地理和自然科学方面的词汇积累、知识储备以及阅读能力都有着重要的帮助。
四、《The Economist》《The Economist》是一本国际性的财经杂志，在考研英语中财经类文章经常出现。
通过阅读该杂志，考生可以了解到最新的经济动态、财经术语及相关的专业知识，提升自己在经济类文章面对题目时的速度和准确度。
五、《BBC英语学习网站》BBC英语学习网站提供了丰富的英语学习资源，包括报道、访谈、纪录片等。
考生可以通过阅读BBC英语学习网站上的文章，提高自己在不同题材上的阅读水平，积累词汇和了解不同的文化背景。
通过阅读上述的资料，在备考过程中考生可以得到多方面的提高。
除了上述几本杂志和网站外，考生还可以根据自己的兴趣爱好选择其他合适的资料进行阅读。
研究生考试考研英语(二204)试卷及答案指导(2025年)
2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)模拟试卷及答案指导一、完型填空（10分）In the following passage, there are 20 blanks. For each blank, choose the most appropriate word or phrase from the options given. Write the corresponding letter (A, B, C, D, or E) in the blank.The Internet has become an indispensable part of our lives, and its influence on society is both vast and far-reaching. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. However, this digital transformation also brings about numerous challenges and ethical issues.1.The Internet has transformed the way we ______________, making communication more convenient and efficient.A. interactB. travelC. studyD. workE. exercise2.Social media platforms have______________our lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe.A. enrichedB. constrainedC. isolatedD. interruptedE. diminished3.The Internet has made access to information ______________, enabling us to find answers to our questions within seconds.A. limitedB. expensiveC. overwhelmingD. effortlessE. inaccessible4.E-commerce has______________the traditional retail industry, leading toa shift in consumer behavior.A. enhancedB. weakenedC. diversifiedD. disruptedE. stabilized5.However, the______________of the Internet also raises concerns about privacy and security.A. innovationB. popularityC. complexityD. accessibilityE. diversity6.Cyberbullying has become a significant issue, affecting the mental health of many ______________.A. individualsB. companiesC. organizationsD. governmentsE. schools7.The______________of the Internet has made it easier for people to spread false information, leading to misinformation and confusion.A. decentralizationB. centralizationC. globalizationD. localizationE. isolation8.Many______________argue that the Internet is a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative impacts on society.A. expertsB. politiciansC. economistsD. journalistsE. educators9.To mitigate the negative impacts of the Internet, it is crucial to promote______________and ethical behavior.A. innovationB. regulationC. freedomD. technologyE. diversityernments around the world are working on______________policies to address the challenges posed by the Internet.A. economicB. socialC. environmentalD. educationalE. healthcare11.The Internet has______________the way we consume media, with video streaming services becoming increasingly popular.A. revolutionizedB. preservedC. duplicatedD. diminishedE. stabilized12.Online shopping has______________the retail sector, with more consumers opting to purchase products online.A. revitalizedB. diminishedC. diversifiedD. stabilizedE. disrupted13.The Internet has______________the speed of information dissemination, making it easier for news to reach a wider audience.A. slowed downB. acceleratedC. limitedD. diversifiedE. stabilized14.Cybersecurity is a critical concern, as______________pose a threat to the privacy and security of individuals and organizations.A. hackersB. virusesC. regulationsD. algorithmsE. consumers15.The Internet has______________the way we learn, with online education becoming more prevalent.A. revolutionizedB. preservedC. duplicatedD. diminishedE. stabilized16.Many______________believe that the Internet has a positive impact on education, making learning more accessible and engaging.A. expertsB. politiciansC. economistsD. journalistsE. educators17.The______________of the Internet has made it easier for people to share and exchange knowledge.A. decentralizationB. centralizationC. globalizationD. localizationE. isolation18.Online communities have______________the way we interact with others,allowing us to connect with like-minded individuals.A. enrichedB. constrainedC. isolatedD. interruptedE. diminished19.The Internet has______________the way we conduct business, making it easier to reach a global audience.A. revolutionizedB. preservedC. duplicatedD. diminishedE. stabilized20.Despite the challenges, the Internet remains a powerful tool that can______________our lives and society as a whole.A. enhanceB. limitC. disruptD. isolateE. diminishAnswer: AThe correct answer for the first blank is “interact,” as it is the mostappropriate word to describe the transformation of communication brought about by the Internet.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassageIn the heart of the bustling city of London, there stands an old library known for its vast collection of rare books and manuscripts. Established in the early 19th century, the London Literary Society Library has been a beacon of knowledge and a sanctuary for scholars from all over the world. Its wooden shelves groan under the weight of centuries-old wisdom, preserved within the yellowed pages of countless volumes.In recent years, however, the library has faced a significant challenge. With the advent of digital technology and the internet, fewer people visit the physical space, opting instead for the convenience of online resources. The library’s trustees have had to make some tough decisions about how to preserve the library’s heritage while also ensuring its relevance in the modern age.One innovative solution proposed by the librarian, Ms. Amelia Thompson, w as to digitize the collection. This would not only make the library’s treasures accessible to a wider audience but would also help preserve the fragile materials by reducing the need for physical handling. The proposal met with initial resistance from some purists who feared that the charm and experience of turningthe pages of a centuries-old book would be lost forever. However, after a successful pilot project where a few hundred texts were digitized and made available online, the benefits became clear, and support for the initiative grew.Today, the London Literary Society Library stands as a testament to the power of blending tradition with innovation. It continues to welcome visitors eager to explore its physical collection, while also serving a global community through its digital platform.Questions1、What is the main challenge faced by the London Literary Society Library? Answer: The main challenge faced by the library is the decrease in physical visits due to the preference for digital and online resources.2、Who proposed the idea of digitizing the library’s collection? Answer: The idea was proposed by the librarian, Ms. Amelia Thompson.3、What concern did some purists raise about the digitization plan? Answer: Some purists were concerned that the charm and experience of handling centuries-old books would be lost.4、How did the library address the concerns raised by the purists? Answer: The library addressed the concerns by conducting a successful pilot project which demonstrated the benefits of digitization.5、What does the passage suggest about the current state of the library? Answer: The passage suggests that the library now successfully blendstraditional methods with modern innovations, serving both local visitors and a global online community.第二题Reading PassageIn the small town of Willow Creek, nestled between rolling hills and a serene lake, there stood an old, ivy-covered library that had been a cornerstone of the community since the late 19th century. The Willow Creek Library was more than just a repository of books; it was a place where dreams were nurtured, knowledge was shared, and memories were made.The library was founded by a group of visionary citizens who believed in the power of education and the importance of preserving cultural heritage. Over the years, the library had seen many changes, but its core mission remained the same. It was a place where people of all ages could come to learn, grow, and connect.One of the most beloved features of the Willow Creek Library was its children’s section. Here, young readers discovered the magic of storytelling through the pages of beloved classics and the latest chapter books. The children’s librarian, Mrs.Thompson, was known far and wide for her engaging storytelling sessions and her ability to connect with the young minds that visited her corner of the library.The library also had a strong commitment to the local community. It hosted a variety of events, from book clubs and author readings to educational workshopsand art exhibitions. These events brought people together and fostered a sense of community pride.However, as the years passed, the Willow Creek Library faced new challenges. The rise of digital media and the shift towards online learning threatened the traditional role of the library. Many feared that the library might fade into obscurity, becoming just another relic of the past.Despite these challenges, the Willow Creek Library remained resilient. It adapted to the changing times by offering new services, such as e-books, online research databases, and technology workshops. It also continued to be a beacon of hope and a source of inspiration for the community.One summer afternoon, a young girl named Emily visited the library for the first time. She had always been fascinated by books and stories, but she had never found a place that felt like home. That day, as she wandered through the aisles, she stumbled upon the children’s section. She was immediately drawn to Mrs. Thompson, who was leading a storytelling session. The session was magical, and Emily knew she had found her sanctuary.The Willow Creek Library had a profound impact on Emily’s life. It sparked her love for reading, encouraged her curiosity, and provided her with a safe space to explore the world beyond her small town. She grew up to become a librarian herself, inspired by the legacy of the Willow Creek Library.Questions1、What was the original mission of the Willow Creek Library?2、Which section of the library was particularly beloved by young readers?3、What events did the library host that brought the community together?4、How did the Willow Creek Library adapt to the changing times?5、What impact did the Willow Creek Library have on Emily’s life?Answers1、The original mission of the Willow Creek Library was to provide a place for education, knowledge sharing, and cultural heritage preservation.2、The children’s section was particularly beloved by young readers.3、The library hosted events such as book clubs, author readings, educational workshops, and art exhibitions that brought the community together.4、The Willow Creek Library adapted to the changing times by offering new services like e-books, online research databases, and technology workshops.5、The Willow Creek Library had a profound impact on Emily’s life by sparking her love for reading, encouraging her curiosity, and providing her with a safe space to explore the world beyond her small town.Third QuestionPassage:In the heart of Africa lies a vast rainforest known as the Congo Basin. It is the second-largest tropical forest in the world, covering approximately 3 million square kilometers and supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna. The Congo Basin is home to more than 10,000 plant species, over 400 mammal species, and countless insects. However, the Congo Basin faces numerous threats,including deforestation due to agricultural expansion, logging, and mining activities. Conservation efforts have been ongoing, but they require international cooperation to be truly effective.Questions:1、What is the Congo Basin primarily noted for?A. Its vast desert landscapesB. Its extensive tropical forestC. Its large urban areasD. Its mountainous terrainAnswer: B2、How many plant species are mentioned as being native to the Congo Basin?A. Over 100B. Less than 1,000C. More than 10,000D. Exactly 5,000Answer: C3、Which of the following is NOT listed as a threat to the Congo Basin?A. Agricultural expansionB. LoggingC. Mining activitiesD. OverpopulationAnswer: D4、What does the passage suggest is necessary for successful conservation of the Congo Basin?A. Local government policies aloneB. Only financial support from non-governmental organizationsC. Efforts led exclusively by African nationsD. International cooperationAnswer: D5、Based on the information provided, which of the following best describes the C ongo Basin’s biodiversity?A. Limited and unremarkableB. Rich and varied with numerous plant and animal speciesC. Dominated by a few species of plants and animalsD. Focused primarily on marine lifeAnswer: BThis is a simulated section of the exam designed for practice purposes. Each question is followed by its correct answer to facilitate self-assessment. Please note that this passage and questions are fictional and not taken from any actual exam.第四题The rise of the Internet has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, access information, and even conduct business. This technological revolution has not only transformed our daily lives but alsoreshaped the traditional media landscape. In this article, we will explore the impact of the Internet on the media industry and its implications for society.The Internet has revolutionized the way we consume news and information. Traditional media outlets, such as newspapers and television stations, have faced increased competition from online platforms. Websites like Google, Facebook, and Twitter have become the primary sources of news for many people. However, this shift has raised concerns about the quality and accuracy of information disseminated online. The rapid spread of false news and the difficulty in verifying information have become significant challenges in the digital age.Moreover, the Internet has changed the dynamics of media ownership and control. In the past, a few large media conglomerates held significant power over the content that was distributed to the public. Today, the Internet has democratized information, allowing individuals and small organizations to create and share content with a global audience. This shift has given rise to a diverse range of voices and perspectives, which can be both beneficial and problematic.1、What is the main topic of the article?A. The advantages of the Internet in the media industryB. The impact of the Internet on traditional mediaC. The challenges of the digital ageD. The role of social media in shaping public opinion2、Which of the following statements is true about the Internet’s impact on news consumption?A. It has increased the quality and accuracy of news.B. It has decreased the importance of traditional media outlets.C. It has made it easier to verify the accuracy of information.D. It has increased the control of media conglomerates over information.3、What is the author’s attitude towards the democratization of information on the Internet?A. He is optimistic about its potential benefits.B. He is concerned about the lack of quality control.C. He believes it is a threat to traditional media.D. He is indifferent to the changes in media ownership.4、According to the article, what are the main challenges of the digital age regarding information?A. The difficulty in verifying the accuracy of information.B. The loss of privacy and personal data.C. The spread of false news and misinformation.D. The decline of traditional media outlets.5、How has the Internet changed the dynamics of media ownership and control?A. It has increased the power of media conglomerates.B. It has decreased the influence of traditional media outlets.C. It has allowed individuals and small organizations to create and sharecontent with a global audience.D. It has made it easier for governments to control information.Answers:1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II)Part III: New Type Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passage carefully. The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.PassageIn recent years, the impact of technology on education has become a subject of intense debate among educators and policymakers. With the advent of digital tools such as tablets, laptops, and online learning platforms, students have unprecedented access to educational resources. However, critics argue thatthese technological advances may not necessarily lead to better educational outcomes. They point out that while technology can enhance the accessibility of information, it does not guarantee improved comprehension or retention of material. Moreover, there is concern that reliance on technology might undermine the development of essential skills like critical thinking and problem-solving.On the other hand, proponents of integrating technology into the classroom believe that it is a necessary step towards modernizing education. They claim that digital literacy is becoming increasingly important in today’s job market, and thus schools should prepare students accordingly. Furthermore, technology can be used to personalize learning experiences, catering to individual student needs and paces, which traditional methods often fail to achieve effectively.The debate also extends to the issue of equality. While some argue that technology can help bridge the gap between different socio-economic groups by providing equal access to quality education, others worry about the digital divide, where those without access to these tools are at a disadvantage.Ultimately, whether the integration of technology in education is beneficial depends on how it is implemented and the broader educational goals it serves.Questions:1.According to the passage, what is one concern raised by critics regarding the use of technology in education?A) It distracts students from their studies.B) It reduces the need for physical textbooks.C) It may hinder the development of critical thinking skills.D) It increases the cost of education for students.2.What do supporters of technology in education claim?A) Technology ensures equal educational opportunities for all.B) Digital literacy is irrelevant in today’s workforce.C) Personalized learning cannot be achieved without technology.D) Technology can adapt to the individual needs of learners.3.Which of the following is mentioned as a potential benefit of using technology in education?A) It guarantees better academic performance.B) It enhances the memorization of facts.C) It helps in preparing students for the current job market.D) It eliminates the need for teachers.4.What does the passage suggest about the relationship between technology and equality in education?A) Technology has no impact on educational equality.B) Technology ensures that all students receive the same quality of education.C) There is a risk of creating a digital divide.D) All students prefer learning through digital means.5.The author concludes that the effectiveness of technology in education is contingent upon:A) The age of the students using it.B) The brand of devices used.C) How it is integrated into the curriculum.D) The number of hours spent on technology daily.Answers:1.C) It may hinder the development of critical thinking skills.2.D) Technology can adapt to the individual needs of learners.3.C) It helps in preparing students for the current job market.4.C) There is a risk of creating a digital divide.5.C) How it is integrated into the curriculum.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题3分，共15分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.“随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能已经渗透到我们生活的方方面面。
真题集--考研英语真题及答案
真题集--考研英语真题及答案11．发展揭示了新陈代谢这一宇宙间普遍的、永远不可抗拒的客观规律，发展的本质是：A. 变化B. 增加C. 创新D. 运动【命题分析】本题考核的知识点是：发展的本质是创新。
发展不同于增长，它不仅是指数量的增加，更是指结构的改变和优化，质量的完善和提高，只有发展才能产生新事物，发展的本质是创新。
从前提上看，发展必须要以理论和思维的创新为先导；从内容上看，发展不是一种简单的量的扩展，更重要的是一种新质的生成；从方式上看，发展是一种新的重组，是运作方式的重组，发展规则的重组，是发展总体思路、总体内容、总体目标创新的结果，是新的关系体系对旧的关系的扬弃和创新。
因此，发展的本质就是创新。
为此，我们要增强创新意识，积极进行理论创新、制度创新和科技创新，促进事物发展。
本题的正确答案是 C 选项。
18．宋代诗人陆游在一首诗中说：纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。
这是在强调：1/ 3A. 实践是认识发展的动力B. 实践是认识的最终目的和归宿C. 实践是认识的来源D. 学习获得的间接经验并不重要【命题分析】本题考核的知识点是：中国古代的知行观。
题干的意思是说：从书本上得到的知识毕竟比较肤浅，要透彻地认识事物还必须亲自实践。
全诗为：古人学问无遗力，少壮工夫老始成。
纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。
这强调了实践是认识的来源。
首先，实践为认识的产生提出了需要。
人的认识活动是适应实践的需要，为解决和完成实践提出的问题和任务而产生的。
人成为认识主体的根本原因是由于人改造客观世界活动的需要；客观存在的事物也是由于实践的需要，作为实践改造的对象，才逐一的成为认识的客体。
科学研究的任务、科学工作的课题是由实践的需要提出的，并且围绕着人类实践的需要这个中心来展开。
其次，实践还为认识的形成提供了可能，并把这种可能变成现实。
实践把主体和客体直接地、现实地联结起来，使主体能从客体中获得真实可靠的信息。
客观事物只是由于实践的中介才转化为主体的认识对象和认识内容。
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学习英语除了有好方法，也需要好的辅助工具，文曲星T1800 不错。
--适合学习使用~~淘宝直销了-----强烈推荐家长和学习英语的学生购买-------祝贺大家快速学好英语1 新东方考研英语笔记新东方考研英语笔记,阅读笔记首次暴光!!!诚应广大战友们的热烈要求,为方便和我一样的穷研友们能够公平竞争,考上理想硕士,希望大家都给我支持! 顶 !听力词汇：①复习词汇（找出旧课本，熟识老单词）②记常用词汇记单词的方法：（1）重复（七遍或七遍以上）（2）应用，使用具体方法：同义、反义、对比联想记忆法乱序法词根词缀法结合阅读或背诵卡片一词多义语法：（1）句子结构和固定搭配（2）动词形式（3）代词还元听力的基本技巧：读、猜、听、写、查Part A的基本解题思路：1．扫描纵轴2．判断缺失信息3．注意回答4．拼读规律5．检查答案的格式（要与例句一致）要做到：1．扩充词汇：记忆词的搭配2．纠音（可以读新概念3、4）3．听写（介绍《Listen to this》）4．听一边不停，把名词、动词和数词记录下来不该做：1．不要泛听2．不要听英语新闻3．不要听太难的英语4．不要超过2个小时，不要少于半个小时5．不要看原文练听力6．不要边听边翻译Part B的基本解题思路：1．扫描题干，找出中心词，注意空格前后2．判断缺失信息以及询问信息种类3．用核心词的同义、反义以及题干的基本结构定位4．简写形式5．检查语法、拼写、单复数6．第二遍查漏补缺解题武器：1．否定词（定位词）2．数词3．专有名词4．比较级、最高级5．副词6．转折词7．介词Part C 的基本解题思路：1．扫描题干，划出核心词2．磁带开始后，综合嫂面选项3．所听及所得，顺序原则，最近答案原则4．检查，常识原则，诚实原则，同义相斥原则听力十四种题型1．段落主旨2．信息前置3．同义相斥4．否定词否定信息的辨析5．信息修正6．主旨题7．并列信息8．推断9．褒义词、贬义词10．去掉两个错误选项11．不要用自己的思路作题12．动词信息13．题干提供信息14．部分和整体读题时间1． Part A之前57~60s的时间去读part C的第二、三篇2．当听到“part A”时开始看part A3．读完part A第一遍后和读完第二遍后均看part B，当听到“part B”时看part B 4．当part B读完后读part C的第一篇Part A的错误可能性1．信息修正（两遍）2．速度陷阱3．计算（more ,less ,大小多少的计算，before ,age ,later ,度量衡的运算）4．没有拼写的地方（常用词，殖民地的地名，耳熟能详的---大写）Part B注意：1．听+写2．画核心词，两个（大体+具体）3．四个句型转换：疑问转换成陈述直接转换成间接主系表之间的转换主动与被动之间的转换4．回到时不要答非所问，填充时要符合要求Part C注意：1．边听边做2．以题干为主选项为辅3．翻页综合观察4．推测题的标志（1）表可能：could/would have ,may ,might（2）表希望：expect ,hope ,longing#2写作写作十大困境及对策一、滔滔不绝之“意识流”------提纲式最高原则1．自由分段2．语言杂乱二、无话可说真难受1．热点话题2．永恒话题，宏观话题（1）关于成功，对成功的理解（2）关于诚信（3）关于团结（4）关于住房（5）关于交通（6）关于环境（7）关于卫生（8）关于就业（9）关于教育（10）关于网络思维突破：<1 >例证突破法<2 >三项原因思维法<3 >报刊文章法<4 >高谈阔论法三、真情流露没必要（语言第一位，结构第二位，内容第三位）四、思维跳跃，断层多五、英语表达憋得慌六、盲目动笔凑字数七、低级错误常出现1．主谓一致2．时态3．冠词的使用4．名词单复数5．搭配6．拼写错误7．中文思维八、处于与被动危害大九、语言单调美变化十、龙飞凤舞笔记乱写作的题型1．提纲式作文2．图表式作文3．图画式作文4．情景式作文5．简单应用文翻译一、英、汉语两者之间的区别英语汉语1 形合意合2 聚集流散3 繁复简短4 被动主动5 抽象具体二、考研英语的题型1题材以议论文为主，内容和意思比较抽象2句子长、结构复杂、从句多3句子的意思表达与汉语的语序不对等三、考试内容1．专有名词、习惯用法、多意词2．翻译的一般性技巧（1）选词用字（2）词序调整（3）词性转换（4）增词（5）省词（6）正话翻说（7）主从句（8）拆句3．具体句型的翻译：定语、并列结构、倒装结构、被动语态四、评分标准五、问题与学习策略、准确理解、准确表达1．加强基本功的积累（1）单词，除基本词义外还要记住第一、二层的词义（2）语法2．多做练习六、考研翻译的基础知识1．翻译的标准（1）准确（2）顺通2．翻译的方法（1）直译（2）意译以直译为主，意译为辅3．翻译的过程四步翻译法：（1）通读全文，准确理解（2）分析成分，划分意群（3）选择词意，贴切表达（4）世道调整，书写译文具体实施：1．通读全句（1）在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子。
拆分的原则是语法沙个相对独立，意义上相对完整的语法单位。
（2）选找出句子的主干结构（主、谓、宾）在找出各种修饰成分，搞清修饰成份之间的关系。
2．此的处理：在句子关系中理解词语的特定含义，尤其是多义词。
（以上两个步骤是要达到英语理解准确而全面的目的）3．根据汉语的习惯重新组合句子，以保证汉语表达的通顺和标准，也就是说在句子中所有语法拆份清楚，所有的词语都没有疑义之后才开始汉语翻译，以符合汉语次序习惯为准则，对各个语法单位重新组合。
4．汉语句子的检查：通读全句，一方面要检查各个句子中的药店、难点，另一方面要注意句子的翻译的完整性，不可漏译、少译。
最后，句子要在语境中和文章内容一致，防止整个句子翻译错误、意义扭曲。
同位语从句的翻译：1．解释法2．可放在先行词前面，类似定于从句的方法定语从句：1．如果定语从句结构比较简单，信息负载量不大，并且与先行词的关系比较密切（限定性的定语从句）翻译时，把定语从句放在他所修饰的先行词前面，用“……的”这样的结构来表达。
常见的翻译技巧：增词法2．如果定语从句结构比较繁杂，信息负载量比较大，与先行词的关系不太密切，翻译是我们可以法定语从句放在所修饰的先行词的后面。
这样我们通常要重复先行词或代词代替先行词，有时需要加连词。
定语：（1）分词做定语（2）不定式做定语,一般来说，把定语翻译到定语中心词之前，但是因为分词和不定式有明显的动词特征，所以如果定语与中心词有明显的使动关系时，可以将定语翻译成中心词加谓语的结构。
常见的翻译技巧：词性调整，词性转换。
（3）介词短语做定语（4）形容词短语做定语，向前翻译比较结构：1．Less , more2． As……as , not as……as3．Rather than ,some than并列结构：并列结构是指两个或两个以上的并列成份有明显的连词标记，或标点符号连接，最常见的标记词是and还有其他固定结构or ,but ,both……and ,nether……nor ,not……but ,as well as ,not only……but also……,翻译时，比一定都翻译成合，可以根据意思来灵活翻译，但应该明显的表现并列结构，用比较一致的汉语词句来翻译。
状语、状语结构：一般来说，应语状语、状语从句照顺序来翻译即可，但状语和状语从句在汉语中位置都比较灵活，有时可根据汉语习惯把原因、时间和条件状语从句提前，放在主句之前翻译，状语则翻译在主语之后，动词之前，时间在前，地点在后。
倒装结构：翻译的要点在于在做好句子结构的分析，恢复其正常句子的顺序之后再进行翻译。
插入结构：1放在前面（语句子联系不紧密）2按从句的方式翻译被动结构：被动变主动1．英语中被动句使用极为广泛，尤其是科普类议论文，为了强调客观上的事实，不带主观感情，翻译是一般翻译成主动句，如果主语、宾语的主动关系明显，则采用主宾颠倒的方式把英语主动句的宾语作为汉语被动句的主语，有时被动句缺主语，则可以补上泛指的主语。
2．有时主宾关系不明显，也可以按照英语顺序翻译，一般不用被字结构。
但有时可以采用如“由……来，为……所”等被字结构，仍译成汉语的被字结构。
形式主语可以固定翻译，一般翻译到整句话前面。
#3完型填空一、出题特点及测试要点：（一）特点：1．首段首句不出题2．做题特点：通过已知信息点寻求未知答案3．体裁上的特点：议论文和说明文为主，多为议论文4．结构特点：总分结构5．完美性（二）测试要点1．阅读能力（1）主题一定在首段首句（2）上下句和上下段之间的逻辑关系（3）分清楚句子的内部结构2．英语知识运用的能力（1）语法20%~30%（2）固定搭配 10%（3）词义辨析 60%~70%形近词，同义词，搭配，专有名词二、发展趋势1．题量2．题材3．难度增加三、解题步骤：1．整体通读：2~3分钟2．按段精度：15分钟3．通读检查四、逻辑关系1．并列关系2．递进关系3．让步关系4．转折关系5．因果关系空为：动词：1．若动词为谓语可以看主语，注意主谓的搭配一致性（1）看主语是人还是物（2）看逻辑上的搭配是否合适2．看宾语（1）看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词还是抽象具体名词（2）从动词的及物或不及物上做题3．从动词后的介词来确定动词,根据介词宾语来判断，介词宾语是人或是物4．考虑句子中其它能对这个动词形成限制性修饰的成分形容词：1．当形容词做表语时，主要看主语，注意主表搭配的一致性。
主表关系：对等或修饰关系。
2．当形容词修饰名词时，要注意修饰关系的一致性（1）当注意它的同指性（2）褒贬色彩的一致性3．当形容词修饰它后面的名词式。
该名词不仅受到所选该形容词的修饰也受到其他成分（其它形容词或定语从句）的修饰，这时答案要从其它形容词和定语从句中找。
4．当形容词在一个总体句时，答案可以通过总结分句得出。
5．当有副词对形容词进行修饰时，副词就是信息点6．通过关联手段名词：1．名词做主语时，看主谓搭配或主系搭配的一致性2．名词做宾语时，要看动宾搭配的一致性3．介词前后出现的名词可以通过介词来判断4．通过已有名词判断所学选名词，依据：褒贬色彩的一致性和语体色彩的一致性。
5．当所选的名词处在先行词的位置上，要看后面从句类型，定语从句，同位语从句。
副词：1．意义和程度上的一致性（绝对性和相对性）2．褒贬意义的一致性，色彩和句子的一致性（1）句子对应成份分析法，上下句、上下段（2）时间线索解题法（3）无关词排除法①主客观一致原则②褒贬色彩一致原则③语题色彩一致原则④及物动词和不及物动词一致原则⑤主谓搭配一致原则⑥动宾搭配一致原则⑦主系表搭配一致原则⑧绝对性相对性原则⑨与主题和态度倾向性一致原则⑩与近三年真题一致原则（4）如果总数句中考虑到实词，通过分析分句来做题（5）用同线关系做题（有相倾向关系的词做题）#4阅读：1．来源：西方的报刊杂志2．文体：议论文，说明文，记叙文，应用文3．历年考题：多为社会科学，自然科学，人文科学4．大纲key word:三步走：1．通读全文，抓住中心（1）文章叙述的主要内容是什么？（2）文章中有无题到核心概念？（3）作者大致态度是什么？2．仔细审题返回原文（1）通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。