lecture 4 noun

2.3.2 countability of material nouns
Much stone is used for building the road. This is a precious stone.
“stone”
material noun non-count noun individual noun count noun
1.3 classification on the basis of grammatical features count noun non-count nouns: (mass noun)
proper nouns abstract noun non-count noun material noun collective noun count noun individual noun
goose ox mouse
goose – geese ox – oxen mouse – mice
2)
no change in spelling crossroads species means series …
sheep deer aircraft spacecraft salmon Chinese Swiss
3)
foreign plurals
-a -eau -ex/ix -is -on -um -us
--------
-ae -eaux -ices -es -a -a -i
alumna formula bureau appendix analysis crisis axis basis diagnosis hypothesis criterion phenomenon st nouns are non-
photography laughter work correspondence permission music fun homework
photograph laugh job letter, note permit song joy exercise
a piece of wood a piece of furniture a piece of poetry a piece of good luck a piece of kindness a piece of coal a piece of music
derivative: free morpheme + affix
Oxford child family silver love
proper nouns individual noun collective noun material noun abstract noun
1.2 classification on the basis of lexical meaning proper nouns individual noun collective noun material noun abstract noun
1
classification of nouns
beauty beautysleep beautiful
simple noun compound noun derivative
1.1 classification on the basis of word formation simple noun: only one free morpheme compound noun: morphemes two or more free
2.5 number forms of proper nouns
There are four Marys in our class.
Shakespeares are rarer than Napoleons.
The Browns are having dinner.
3
partitive (unit nouns)
2.2.3
collective nouns both as singular and plural --count nouns
family committee government team class board
2.2.4 nouns
uncountability of collective
A family is composed of parents and children. He has too much family.
一群人 一群女学生 一群美女 一群示威者 一群影迷 一群劫匪 一群羊 一群牛 一群豺狼 一群建筑物
a crowd of people a group of girl students a galaxy of beauties a troop of demonstrators a throng of film fans a gang of robbers a flock of sheep a herd of cattle a pack of wolves a cluster of buildings
2.4.2
countability of abstract nouns
He has much experience in teaching. Would you tell us about your experiences in Africa. Democracy is the spirit of the country. A democracy will be built up in the country. He doesn't have any authority in this subject. We will invite some authorities to talk on this subject.
2
number forms of nouns
2.1 number forms of individual nouns
2.1.1 irregular plural forms of individual nouns
1)
change of spelling (vowel) – ________ – ________ – ________
collective nouns always regarded as singular -- non-count nouns
poetry furniture machinery equipment foliage merchandise
poem table, chair, wardrobe… machine tool leaf commodity
– ________ – ________ – ________ – ________ –________ – ________ – ________ – ________ – ________ – ________ – ________ – ________ – ________
alumna formula bureau appendix analysis crisis axis basis diagnosis hypothesis criterion phenomenon stratum
2.1.2
uncountability of individual nouns
an area separated by walls The house has three rooms. adequate space for freedom of action There is still room for improvement.
Questions for discussion:
英汉单位词的异同 -s属格与of属格的异同 双重属格的使用限制
Lecture 4 Noun and Noun Phrase
Noun phrase: (determiners) + (premodifiers) + head + (postmodifiers)
individual noun collective noun common noun material noun abstract noun
a cow many countries few hours these days those children
milk joy food education freedom
“room”
individual noun count noun
abstract noun non-count noun
There are many flowers. The peach trees are in flower There is a church in our neighborhood. I go to church every Sunday. A hospital is going to be built. He is in hospital.
2.2 number forms of collective nouns
Collective nouns can be both countable and uncountable.
2.2.1
collective nouns always regarded as plural --count nouns
– alumnae – formulae – bureaux – appendices –analyses – crises – axes – bases – diagnoses – hypotheses – criteria – phenomena – strata
curriculum alumnus
grown-up mother-in-law woman doctor
-- grown-ups -- mothers-in-law -- women doctors