考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 37

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考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 33

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 33一、真题文章（1995年text 3）In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World WarⅡ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homesand/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.二、译文在当今这个复杂多变的社会里，以前对信息需求的那种简单的解决办法已经变得复杂化了。

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 (1)

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 56一、真题文章（2000年Text 1）A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight ties larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride." American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government," It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as" a golden age of business management in the United States."二、译文一段漫长而又不费力成功的历史，可能成为一种可怕的不利因素，但如果处理得当，它也许会转化成一种推动力。

考研英语——用真题,记核心词汇Unit_20204192305

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 2一、真题文章Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had crashed.二、译文睡眠通常被分为所谓的REM睡眠阶段（REM=rapid eye movement眼睛快速运动）和较长非REM睡眠阶段，前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 1一、真题文章(1994年)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.In speaking,the choice of words is of the utmost importance.Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle.Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension;hence,the transmission---reception system breaks down.Moreover，inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.二、译文与语言相关的，可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。

新概念英语第三册Lesson37重点句子及解析

新概念英语第三册Lesson37重点句子及解析【课文】We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayedby storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this did not strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besidesmyself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mightyexpress train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging alongat thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we hadnot even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger ifthis was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived.Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station masterat Westhaven. When he denied the train's existence, Iborrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note oftriumph in my voice when I told him that it was there inblack and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said： 'This service has been suspended.'【课文翻译】我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。

小印说考研核心词汇速成(1-60单元全)精简版

小印说考研核心词汇速成Unit 1 __________ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respondents naming it, compared with 82% of UK consumers and 83% of those in the U.S.A. desireB. conclusionC. choiceD. purpose2. Although the rain pours down with the ________ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles.A. topB. utmostC. gracefulD. dissipated3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a ________ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe's most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists.A. constancyB. constructionC. conventionD. reaction4. First of all, don’t let your emotions ________ with your vision. Don t see something because you want to see it.A. interfereB. interpretC. consolidateD. comply5. To prevent local __________ of the disease, mosquito-breeding places must be eliminated.A. transferenceB. transmissionC. changeD. console 答案： CBDABUnit 2 hormones(荷尔蒙) and other measurables that__________ heart failure. A. characterize B. consider C. integrity D. intend2. The companies _________ no obligation to update any forward -lookingstatements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A. intervene B. dictate C. prolong D. assume3. Architectural form should not rigidly follow__________, but ought t o reflect the needs of the social body it represents.A. professionB. functionC. vacationD. vocation4. The________ of today I come here is to help people who want to learn English but don’t know how to learn.A. neglectB. proposalC. purposeD. likely5. Survival is usually uppermost in the minds of companies with their backs to the wall, even if that entails being reduced to a minority stake. In Thailand, however, most ailing companies seem loathe to admit that their conditions may be_______.A. grossB. fatalC. flatD. extinct答案： ADBCBUnit 3 _________ fertilizer.A. organicB. corruptC. poisonousD. civil2. We speculate that it is not caffeine but perhaps some other ______ contained in soda-type soft drinks that may be responsible for the increased risk in hypertension," said the study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.A. contemporaryB. counterpartC. compoundD. content3. The Government is planning to assign 40 per cent of road_______ works to the private sector contractors in the short term and increase the level to 100 per cent in 10 years.A. scheduleB. maintenanceC. scrapeD. scrutiny4. It became ________ that our stay in the U.S. would be a long one and I immediately began thinking on how best to pursue my interest in economics. A. secure B. shallow C. apparent D. apparatus5. Now any hotel or travel agency can book your tickets and ________ transportation to the station.A. superviseB. interfereC. resentD. arrange答案： ACBCDUnit 4 travel ________ can book your ticketsA. resourceB. recollectionC. agencyD. agony2. He’s just like a fly hanging around. Sorry, n ot a fly. It’s a________ of flies flying near your earsA. bunchB. swarmC. lumpD. pile3. They were ________, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. A. giant B. clever C. delight D. light4. Nowadays the average age at which people settle down and marry is much older than it was 30 years ago, so singles will tend to have more________ income.” A. dependent B. redundant C. professional D. disposable5. "John Mills was a great actor, a true gentleman and a ________ friend; someone who made us proud to be British," Blair said in a statement. A. loyal B. liar C. gangster D. predominant答案：CBADAUnit 5 riage in the USA has been inching upward; it's now 26 for women and 27 for men.2. Kung Fu features abundant varieties and delicate skills and has become __________physical exercises.A. valuableB. pricelessC. widespreadD. worthless3. Of the January sun; and not to think of any_________ in the sound of the wind, in the sound of a few leaves.A. prickB. prestigeC. pressureD. misery4. Rice may reign supreme in Vietnamese cuisine (烹饪), but fish and seafood are not far behind in significance or __________. A. abundance B. pretext C. pride D. pack5. _________economic considerations are what the Chinese President termed "three evil forces" - terrorism, extremism and separatism - which prompted the idea of a regional mechanism.A. LesseningB. LegalC. PrecedingD. Dizzy Unit 6 corporation.A. distributeB. establishC. arrangeD. erode2. And where wealthy women _______ from most men is in their interests in socially responsible investing.A. disagreeB. esteemC. escalateD. differ3. __________ is not healthy, and it makes everyone angry. A. Erection B. Cruise C. Stress D. Cue4. Computer technology enabled the researchers to _______ precisemeasurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. A. obtain B. complain C. compose D. constitute5. In a lifetime, many of us spend as much on________ as we do on other things. A. coinage B. insurance C. cluster D. casualty答案： BDCABUnit 7 results are correct, then the actual numbers for cocaine ________are much higher than the accepted figures," Roman Simon said . A. assumption B. assimilation C. deterioration D. consumption2. Above all, in western areas of China, there is_______ of electricity supply. So, cities that are thirsty for electricity may ask for remote help. A. definite B. surplus C. limited D. deliberate3. The company helps businesses _______ growth strategies, leverage technology, and thrive through the power of collaboration.A. deliverB. circulateC. implementD. commemorate4. To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam. Without ________ preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.A. sufficientB. deficientC. formidableD. abundant5. Suddenly ploughed tracts and _______ channels appeared, and the glisten of flooded rice-fields; and cranes preceded the suburbs of Mari. A. fracture B. fragment C. irrigation D. impulse答案： DBCACUnit 8 raising of poultry inside the special economic zone and buy anti-flu drugs worth 20 million yuan (US$2.5 million) in case of a bird flu outbreak.A. banB. incorporateC. knitD. knot2. China will________ rapid development of its space industry, with the launch of programs for a space station, moon probe and new -type rockets in the next 30 years.A. leakB. witnessC. leanD. pledge3. Exceptional children are different in some ________ way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.A. popularB. dimC. portableD. significant4. The army has roughly doubled in size since 1988, when it bloodily suppressed a wave of ________ and installed itself in power. A. protest B. position C. postpone D. pour5. You're carefully protected by a _______ policy where personal information is strictly treated as confidential.A. portrayB. primitiveC. privacyD. procedure答案： ABDACUnit 9 was the ________ world power.A. processionB. privateC. proceedingD. dominant2. They distributed a _______ that repeated the charge, widely believed by Angolans, that the government is deliberately prolonging the country's devastating civil war in order to pillage its rich natural resources. A. priority B. provision C. pamphlet D. pursuit3. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to_________ and outgrow our fears.A. recognizeB. illuminateC. demonstrateD. impose4. Undoubtedly, the_______ innovation indicated by course of marketization is one of the engines of Chinese economy.A. imaginableB. institutionalC. immuneD. illiterate5. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the _______life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.A. humidB. hostileC. leisureD. humble 答案： DCABCUnit 10 be a little more constructive and________ in my latest column.A. identicalB. intellectualC. gloomyD. federate 2. The port is a center for rail and highway transport and is planned to _______a traffic flow of 30,000 standard containers per year. A. finance B. feed C. accommodate D. evacuate 3. It took me about a month to _________ to the altitude. A. evoke B. exaggerate C. evaporate D. adjust4. Through all of these experiences, I have accumulated the following abilities and literacy which make me have full ________ to be a qualified teaching assistant in your university.A. evaluationB. excessC. effectD. confidence5. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will _________ the humility and honesty.A. admireB. damageC. destroyD. cure 答案：BCDDAUnit 11 ________Internet surfers, and Internet bars should direct surfers, especially young surfers, to have access to healthy online information. A. adult B. conscious C. jargon D. juvenile2. Our events offer different meetings and panels to encourage informa l and personal ________ with participating business school representatives. A. assess B. interaction C. aspire D. indignation3. For my part, I agree with the ________ opinion for the following reasons . A. later B. latest C. latter D. late4. One of the greatest pleasures of academic life is watching young________ students form into finished mature scholars with well developed ideas. A. tentative B. incredible C. indifference D. equivalent5. First of all, mandatory retirement incre ases job opportunities for young people who have the energy to exploit and thus it is an effective way to ease the pressure of __________ and help the development of companies. A. establishment B. domain C. unemployment D. depict 答案： DBCACUnit 12 is a good virtue.A. disgracefulB. dullC. uprightD. exotic2. Sentiments of benevolence draw us to society, allow us to ________ its advantages, provide a source of approval for just acts, and motivate us to do just acts ourselves.A. disperseB. distillC. drainD. perceive3. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of earlyintercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the ________.A. topB. surfaceC. bottomD. inside4. “I made up my mind then to ________ their atrocity to the world,” he said. A. expose B. junk C. joggle D. leave5. Researchers are not yet clear which ingredient of meat might________ cancer. A. draw B. humiliate C. trigger D. intrigue 答案：CDBACUnit 13 height of stars was different at different locations and noticing how ships appeared on the _________, formed the basis of modern map making. A. hospital B. hostile C. horrible D. horizon2. It may be either depending on who's telling it, who's listening and the _______ variations upon the theme.A. eccentricB. innumerableC. alienD. eminent3. And sales is the_________ activity of business. It deserves a louder hurrah than it gets.A. fundamentalB. eloquentC. devaluedD. agreed4. I am having a ________ with my neighbors over an illegal suit they have built without permission from the proper authorities.A. elevationB. enterpriseC. disputeD. frown5. Guardians of the Republic _____ successful launch of Shenzhou VI with great joy .A. gallopB. hailC. curseD. gamble 答案：DBACBtotend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities. A. philosophy B. chemistry C. psychological D. futile2. At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and ________ information.A. furnishB. fussC. fuseD. classify3. More than 100 young scientific and technological _______have now become the leading persons in their respective technological areas, and the persons taking charge of some key technological programs are young people aged 30 or even younger.A. personnelB. frictionC. stuffD. hand4. We just do it too quickly and do not have enough time to completely________ some news. And most online news reporters are young." Chen said . A. handicap B. validate C. harass D. hamper5. "In terms of interactive features, traditional media is not ________with online media such as Sina," Chen says.A. comparedB. includedC. comparingD. comparable 答案： CDABD考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 15 一、真题文章（1996年）1. So in that respect you may say that the old Chinese culture was more benevolent toward women than the European one. However, my_______ is that the benevolence was rooted purely in selfishness – nobody else was allowed to have with the discarded property.A. intercourseB. intendC. junctionD. theory2. Since its_________ in October 2001, it has became a large cooperation in scale through several years of development.A. justifiedB. establishmentC. jointD. occupation3. Competent in management and organization, attention to ________, and good judgment. Ability to work well with others under pressure and to communicate effectively.A. offenceB. occasionC. detailD. peak4. Although we don’t follow our parents’ advice and sometimes, we even do what our parents _________, they don’t consider us as the black sheep. A. oppose B. agree C. praise D. pave5. Life could be poor and life could be lonely, but what we could never lose is the __________heart towards life.A. patentB. passiveC. rackD. elegant 答案： DBCAD考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 16 一、真题文章（1997年）1. Some analysts _______that the recent market rise has been caused by investors' blind faith in bank and technology shares. A. quiz B. decline C. argue D. refuse2. We never went anywhere truly exot ic during October because, unlike the insanity here where a billion people squeeze onto the trains, this holiday didn’t_______ for adults unless requested: days off are more liberally applicable in Britain.A. existB. rageC. compareD. raise3. Thankfully the Chinese government has seen how _______ this policy was, and now foreigners and Chinese pay the same to get into parks, museums, monuments and fairgrounds.A. wonderfulB. absurdC. wiseD. ironic4. Retailing Association and Shenzhen Banking Association, which represents 17 banks, proved ________after the banks refused to adopt any concrete measures.A. randomB. readilyC. fruitlessD. rear5. “Ours is a world of nuclear giants and________ infants. We know more about war than we know about peace, more about killing than we know about living.”——General Omar BradleyA. ethicalB. eternalC. elasticD. flexible 答案： CABCAin discovering that a mysterious form of energy called dark energy is acting like a ________ gas pedal, accelerating the universe's expansion rate. A. elapse B. edible C. comedy D. cosmic2. The__________ of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. A. defect B. pattern C. pile D. deception3. I tried to look over. But my head was too heavy in the position I was in. I got a ________of energy and grabbed hold of the bars. I moved my legs. A. decent B. dump C. burst D. dwarf4. Americans are waiting longer to get married, but they shouldn't wait too long: The odds for a happy marriage may favor those who tie the _______ between the ages of 23 and 27, says a survey out Thursday. A. ebb B. drop C. enforce D. knot5. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally ________.A. plausibleB. randomC. humorousD. exempt答案： DBCDAuse of plastic bags in an _______ to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment.A. expertiseB. expandC. exploitD. attempt2. Please let us know when you will pay or at least start by making _______payments.A. partialB. expressC. gorgeousD. grand3. Terry Mc Auliffe, Democratic National Committee chairman, said Bush "lied to the citizens of Nevada and he did it for ________political gain." A. grease B. hypothesis C. partisan D. impression4. Friends often _________ their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards.A. inclineB. augmentC. impressD. mean5. There are, no doubt, kids who dream of becoming chief executive of GE or of Unilever, but their schoolmates regard them as deeply __________. A. mere B. misery C. peculiar D. monster 答案： DACBCgovernment will take more effective measures to handle these challenges, in order to improve the________ of people in China.A. meditationB. welfareC. simulationD. model2. Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel. To _______ scholars to focus only on certain areas would be to force many to waste their true talents.A. mountB. reduceC. compelD. modify3. Dr Vidal Pelaez, head of the obstetrics (产科学) and gynaecology (妇科医学) department at the hospital, said: "Mother and child are in perfect health. Medical_______ lasted 30 minutes with no complications whatsoever." A. monotony B. performance C. perfection D. intervention4. As competition gets tougher and markets more challenging ， _______ in management practice has become an imperative for businesses around the world. A. innovation B. proclamation C. procession D. prone5. In a_______ unthinkable step, PADPA is now considering bringing a case against the police for violating its right to demonstrate and for illegal imprisonment.A. proofB. intricateC. hithertoD. irrespective 答案：BCDACeople flock to for business, ________ and to gain an “experience”. Each day I am bombarded with friends from all over the world, asking for advice on how to get to shanghai and stay here. A. flame B. float C. honor D. vacation2. "This is the last day that I speak to you," Vieri said. "You can say what you want about me as a player but when you ______ me as a person, well ... I am more of a man than all of you put together." Italy play Bulgaria in Group C on Tuesday.A. horizonB. hoistC. offendD. offer3. Enclosed is our preliminary_______ for the conference which will be reviewed in weeks.A. scheduleB. legalC. fabricD. deviation4. What unites business journalists is the need to_______ together compelling stories from the chaos of commercial life. A. date B. piece C. deem D. cease5. As for the marketing mix, we’ll package it in gold foil with dark brown lettering to _______ chocolate, and price it 20% higher than our chocolate-covered ice-cream bar.A. castB. catchC. simulateD. sip 答案： DCABCunhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness _________ some pain.A. revolveB. involveC. revereD. highlight2. The mammals quickly developed, and we can________ the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. A. liable B. truck C. linger D. trace3. This outbreak also highlights a_______ of modern people, which is that we tend to overreact in a crisis situation, instead of remaining calm and act rationally.A. traitB. glitterC. gloryD. distribution4. As well as being quite specialist in meaning, some of the words in idioms were used two or three hundred years ago, or longer, and can be a little _________.A. brightB. dizzyC. obscureD. dread5. This technique is used to ________ ribosomes ([生化]核糖体), which translate the genetic information of the cell into proteins that enable cells to specialize and function properly .A. illusionB. analyzeC. imposeD. omit 答案：BDACBA. orthodoxB. outingC. insatiableD. overlapped2. Counter-measures must be taken to curb the prevailing trend so as to return people a _________ living and working environment.3. The purpose of each science or field of investigation was to accumulate data and to ________ from these phenomena the basic principles or laws or 'forces' which gave rise to them.A. deriveB. postponeC. promptD. prosper4. It was said to be the latest threat in an ongoing series of attacks on ________ by mysteriously mutating "supergerms."A. retentionB. revelationC. reviewD. humanity5. When I first glimpsed the snow-capped peak of Tianshan Mountain visually dominating the Lake, the entire landscape filled me with a feeling of ______ awe.A. pieceB. immenseC. rigorousD. robust 答案： CBADBeach term.A. riotB. roundaboutC. rottenD. diverse2. Strong analytical ability to________ information that will assist WWP/OTD in achieving their goals.A. segmentB. stickC. assimilateD. sting3. The idea that a Canadian citizen such as Ottawa software engineer Maher Arar would need to pay his birthplace of Syria a portion of his income earned in this country (or that Canada would have to pay part of its take from him) seems________.A. bizarreB. proneC. venerableD. defensive4. We never went anywhere truly_______ during October because, unlike the insanity here where a billion people squeeze onto th e trains, this holiday didn’t exist for adults unless requested .A. watertightB. permanentC. meanD. exotic5. No link was found between ________coffee consumption and hypertension(高血压) based on analysis of 12 years of data on 33,077 cases of high blood pressure among 155,594 women .A. verticalB. vitalC. habitualD. fatal 答案：DCADCnext ________ of development, such as the growing gap between urban and rural China, the inefficient use of energy, and the acute pollution problem in some Chinese cities.A. phraseB. graphC. phaseD. pamphlet2. The provision of _______ pathways for study is also an important featur e – for example students are not streamed or channeled through particular types of school from which future study options are determined. A. flexible B. turning C. ultimate D. unanimous3. The professionals in these fields serve a probationary period(试用期) and ________ competence to attain a certain level of freedom in their fields. A. render B. demonstrate C. renew D. halt4. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast -- including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims_______ their first year. A. grope B. fling C. survive D. consist5. Important source of financing for start-up companies or others embarking on new or turnaround ventures that ________ some investment risk, but offer the potential for above -average future profits. A. constrain B. calculate C. rebel D. entail答案： CABCDwill put a financial strain on the limited _______ of the government as retired people mainly live on the state pension. A. deficit B. tariff C. budget D. tax2. After the girl got the________ from the doctor, she asked: "How soon will I get better with the medicine?"A. dictationB. aspirationC. informationD. prescription3.The purpose of the ________ is not to clone human beings but to establish cell cultures that can serve as models of human disease. A. constancy B. procedure C. consolation D. choice4. Many Chinese companies have promised to give support for the relief and reconstruction of the affected countries, among which China’s leading computer _________ Lenovo will offer half a million US dollars. A. manufacturer B. commodity C. chorus D. virus5. There is a popular perception that the psychological difference between men and women is ________ - as seen in books such as Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus by John Gray.A. eligibleB. amicableC. substantialD. surface答案： CDBACplan.A. fluctuatesB. flourishC. endowsD. embraces2、The police found some stolen ＿＿ in the thief’s house. A. property B. factor C. relative D. motive3、We must ＿＿＿ our products to the needs of the market. A. enterprise B. eliminate C. orient D. commodity4、This new invention will bring you great ＿＿＿ like a goldmine.5、The patient has ＿＿＿ rapidly to the treatment. A. responded B. occupied C. occur D. denoted6、The ＿＿＿ of oral learning is largely that of continuous repetition. A. maximum B. quantity C. mechanism D. strength7、The sick man complained of a feeling of ＿＿＿ on his chest. A. stride B. stream C. linger D. pressure8、His ＿＿ for working so hard is that he needs money. A. optimum B. ornament C. reign D. motive9、The little girl ＿＿＿ her granny good morning as she gets up in the morning. A. strike B. bid C. provoke D. bid 10、The local library is a valuable ＿＿＿. A. flare B. dilemma C. resource D. diffuse 答案：DACBA CDCDCA. commerceB. processC. productionD. credit2、The young army officer was ＿＿ (to the rank of) captain. A. scattered B. promoted C. utilized D. located3、I'm sorry, those overcoats are not ＿＿ in your color and size. A. numerous B. commercial C. horizontal D. available4、A transmission or a motor vehicle with an ＿＿ gear-shifting mechanism. A. personnel B. staff C. analyzed D. automatic5、I ＿＿ the jacket at once; it was my brother's.A. identifiedB. assignedC. registeredD. deposited6、The firm is now in the ＿＿ of moving the main equipment to a new place. A. emphasis B. raw C. utility D. process7、The teacher ＿＿ paper and pencils to all the children. A. infer B. initiated C. issued D. manifested8、The two governments ＿＿ a day for the next negotiation. A. humble B. elite C. emitted D. assigned9、The new secretary is a quick, ＿＿ worker, and the boss is quite satisfied with her.A. efficiencyB. effectiveC. efficientD. dim10、Our country has been trying to broaden its ＿＿with other nations. A. hatch B. resume C. volunteer D. commerce 答案：DBDDA DCDCD＿＿＿ ability in the sciences, arts, or business, the indivi dual must provide some documents. A. primitive B. gossip C. brief D. exceptional2、 The answer is that the conversion factor with the smallest number of ＿＿＿ figures determines the overall accuracy of any calculation. A. weak B. bold C. significant D. slack3、＿＿＿ energy exists whenever an object which has mass has a position within a force field.A. startleB. staticC. PotentialD. manifest4、 Evolution's rules are simple: Creatures that ＿＿＿ to threats and master the evolutionary game thrive; those that don't, become extinct. A. adapt B. engage C. disgust D. consist5、The use of motion ＿＿＿ for computer character animation is relatively new, having begun in the late 1970's, and only now beginning to become widespread.A. captiveB. captureC. incidenceD. retort6、Instead of bringing or holding people together, ＿＿＿ and discrimination push them apart.A. prejudiceB. retainC. strengthD. stretch7、 In a recent address at the Whitehill Chapel, President George W. Bush declared that Palestinians ＿＿＿ better leadership. A. moderate B. timid C. wink D. deserve8、 The term "CC/PP attribute" is used here to refer to a specific ＿＿＿ or characteristic of a client (or other system) that appears in a CC/PP profile. A. capacity B. capability C. deserve D. modification9、 The Washington Post commends the California legislature for its historic endorsement of marriage ＿＿.A. substanceB. generationC. implicationD. equality10、The question of how the Supreme Court should ＿＿ the Constitution lies at the heart of recent debates over judicial nominations, and could have important implications for public policy.A. denoteB. interpretC. pulseD. inhibit答案：DCCAB ADBDBheard all of the evidence, they will find and see that George Ryan is not guilty of all charges in this indictment," said Webb, who should notbe underestimated on that score despite the multitude of accusations facing his client. A. cautious B. confident C. cancerous D. mysterious2、NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has snapped a panoramic portrait of a ＿＿, sculpted landscape of gas and dust where thousands of stars are being bo rn. A. vast B. dormant C. initial D. numb3、Most HIV infections still occur in men, however, the frequency of ＿＿ in women is increasing, especially in developing countries. A. designation B. participation C. retort D. infection4、To ＿＿ as a hunter-gatherer you have to know which you can eat and which A. modify B. preach C. survive D. shrink5、Please note: this tool will ＿＿ the gross amount of your retirement benefit.A. terrifyB. updateC. persevereD. estimate6、In this section you will find arguments of many different kinds for the ＿＿ of God.A. orientB. ornamentC. existenceD. hazard7、Find about how to ＿＿ important stakeholders -- staff, parents, community members, and other professionals -- in your staff development efforts. A. heal B. involve C. meditate D. stress8、We look at how RSS has ＿＿ from its humble beginnings through present day and beyond.A. evolvedB. wrinkledC. occurredD. identify9、We will ＿＿ an IDT to transfer funds for the m ouse expenses when we begin the injection series. This portion of the fee is about half. A. glance B. defy C. initiate D. deform10、Tribal leaders hope to ＿＿ Bush budget cuts. A. delegate B. calculate C. counteract D. boost 答案：BADCD CBACCthe education he got at school .A. beheldB. harnessedC. moldedD. condensed2. ________ in factories sometimes cause indust rial troubles . A. Processes B. Motivation C. Exclusion D. Innovations3. I was attracted by a very _________ woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.A. drasticB. consistentC. dramaticD. implicit 4. His book presents a new _______ to the difficulty .A. approachB. consumptionC. contaminationD. array5. He wore a look of ________ and I knew his thought were far away . A. excitement B. abstraction C. concentration D. strain6. If a footballer handles the ball to sto p another player getting it , it is often called a ________ offence .A. productiveB. primitiveC. professionalD. potential 7. Look! There are so many dark clouds . It’s ________ to rain . A. imperative B. rival C. bound D. desolate8. The ________ at the town hall are slow to deal with the complaints . A. blacksmith B. authority C. jargon D. mount9. The man wanted to buy our house and made us an attractive _______ . A. auction B. judge C. justice D. proposition10. She was so nervous that she ________ in watching the clock and staring at the telephone .A. alternatedB. amendedC. amazedD. succeeded 答案：CDCAB CCBDAon about ______ accommodations and how the ADA and other laws apply to people with psychiatric （精神病学的）disabilities in employment or education. A. blunt B. rigid C. raw D. reasonable2. Export Finance and Insurance Corporation aims to increase Au stralian _______ by providing to our clients internationally competitive insurance and finance services.A. tourismB. exportsC. agricultureD. reputation3. There are very ______ ways to "structure" a query and use special operators to target the results you seek. Absent these techniques, you will spend endless hours looking at useless documents that do not contain the information you want.A. validB. wrongC. slowD. effective4. Seeking to build support among black families for its education reform law, the Bush administration paid a prominent black pundit (博学者) $240,000 to ______ the law on his nationally syndicated television show and to urge other black journalists to do the same.A. ripenB. magnifyC. promoteD. feed5. The Feb. 13, 1945 bombing of Dresden by the British Royal Air Force has become a symbol for excessive violence on the part of the Allies during World War II. But with the 60th anniversary of the bombing on Sunday, a new book by British historian Frederick Taylor argues that this view may not be quite accurate. He said “Dresden(德累斯顿,德国Saxony 邦首府) Bombing Is To Be Regretted ________".A. EnormouslyB. FavorablyC. FeasiblyD. Finitely6. The _________ mirage(海市蜃楼)forms when light rays passing through a relatively warm layer of air are bent upward from their path. A. feeble B. different C. inferior D. similar7. "Deciding whether and how to ______ a genetically engineered organism cannot be an afterthought," said committee chair T. Kent Kirk, professor emeritus, department of bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and a former microbiologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A. confine B. fire C. discreet D. dictate8. Theorem([数]定理 ) 3 is remarkable in that con siderably fewer conditions than in the previous theorems ______ universality . A. diffuse B. differentiate C. assess D. ensure9. The ______ between phenotype(显型)and genotype is fundamental to the understanding of heredity and development of organisms.。

金牌新概念1-3词汇表

[dʒæ m] *'bɪskɪts+ ['griːnˌgrəʊsəz] ['vedʒɪtəblz] [fruːt] ['biːnz] ['piːz]
果酱饼干（复数）蔬菜水果商蔬菜水果豆角（复数）豌豆（复数）卷心菜（复数）肉店
[læ m] *steɪk+ *mɪns+ ['njuːzeɪdʒ(ə)nt+ * 'steɪʃnerɪ /-ərɪ+ *gluː+ *'envələʊps+ *'raɪtɪŋ,'peɪpə(r) + *mægəziːnz+ *'kemɪst+ [aspi:rens] *'medɪsɪn+ *bɑ:θ+ *ˈnɪəli+ *ˈredi+ [ðen] *ˈdɪnə(r)+ *ˈrestrɒnt+ *rəʊst+ *'brekfəst+ *lʌn(t)ʃ+
n. pl. n. pl. n. pl. pl. pl. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. pl. n. pl. n. pl. n. n. adv. adj. adv. n. n. adj. n. n. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase.
phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. phrase. n. adj. prep. *əˈpɔɪntmənt+ *ˈɜ:dʒənt+ *tɪl+
看了电视和销售员谈话了感谢了她的父亲为橱柜除了尘给书柜刷了油漆在车站等了车曾经想要一辆那样的车问候了她

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 39

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 39一、真题文章（1996年Text 4）What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America---breakthroughs such as the telegraph , the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country ' s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors ; and above all the American genius for nonverbal , "spatial" thinking about things technological .Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. "A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. "This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith i n the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, theAmerican worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out , "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbal process . . . The designer and the inventor . . . are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. "This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "When all these shaping forces--schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking--interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic ,emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.二、译文在早期美国，像电报、汽船和织布机这样的重大发明纷纷涌现，这是什么原因呢？在众多的因素中，我特意指出以下几个：美国优秀的小学教育；欢迎新技术的工人阶级；为发明人提供奖金的政策；其中最重要的是，美国人的那种非文字的，“空间的”思维方式。

考研英语必考词汇

考研英语必考词汇1.electoral college选举人团2.doping scandal兴奋药剂丑闻3.Brexit referendum脱欧公投4.urban diseases城市病5.academic misconduct 学术不端6.urban heat island effect城市热岛效应7. organ donation器官捐献8. provisional/interim government临时政府9.cross-border online shopping 海淘10.NGOs 非政府组织11. circuit court巡回法庭12.Paris Agreement 《巴黎协定》13.IOC国际奥委会14.phantom screening票房造假15.downward pressure下行压力16.精准扶贫 Targeted measures in poverty alleviation17.获得感 Sense of gain18.全面二孩政策 universal/overall two-child policy19.性别平等 gender equality20.海洋权益maritime rights and interests21.南海问题 the South China Sea issue22.网络侵权Internet copyright infringement23.南海仲裁案the South China Sea arbitration24.双创mass entrepreneurship and innovation25.分享经济 Sharing Economy26.无人驾驶 unmanned driving27.工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit28.营改增 to replace (the replacement of )business tax with value-added tax29.生态平衡 ecological equilibrium30.新能源车new energy vehicle，NEV31.顶层设计 top-level design32.政治规矩 political rules33.美丽中国 building a beautiful China34.全面从严治党 an all-out effort enforce strict party discipine35.全面深化改革 an all-round in-depth reform36.打铁还需自身硬 It takes a good blacksmith to make good steel.37.核心利益 core interests38.追剧Binge-watch39.海选mass-election40.转基因食品 genetically modified foods//biotech foods43.人道主义危机 humanitarian crisis44.战略伙伴关系strategic partnership45.孝道 filial piety46.知识产权 IPR (intellectual property right)47.八卦 Eight Trigram48.孔孟之道 Confucius-Mencius doctrines//Confucianism49.中庸之道 doctrine of the mean50.礼乐文化 rites and music culture51.千年发展目标 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)52.中华民族的.伟大复兴the great renewal of the Chinese nation53.《道德经》 Tao Te Ching/Classic of the Way of Virtue54.孔子学院 Confucius Institute55.二十四节气 24 solar terms56.易经 The Book of Changes57.非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage56.G20 二十国集团57.可持续发展sustainable development58.Donald Trump、Donald 唐纳德・特朗普59.网红 instant internet celebrity60. 寨卡病毒 Zika virus61.The 3rd World Internet Conference.第三届世界互联网大会62.人驾驶汽车driverless car63.神州十一号飞船the Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft64.量子实验卫星quantum experiment satellite65.不忘初心 stay true to the original self66.创新战略伙伴关系an innovative strategic partnership67. 网红经济 the Wanghong economy68.对外直接投资outbound direct investment (ODI)69.引力波gravitational waves70“猴年马月”(Horse month of the Monkey year，one of these years//someday in the future)71载人无人机passenger-carrying drone。

[VIP专享]考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 53

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 53一、真题文章（1999年Text 2）In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they're looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier, " says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company ' s private intranet .Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to customers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directlyto a company ' s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Website selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.二、译文在互连网经济的第一年头，大多数的行动还不只是围绕着开发消费者市场开展的。

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 3

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 3一、真题文章Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent.Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.二、译文维生素是有机化合物，饮食中少量的维生素是维持动物（包括人类）生存和生长必不可少的部分。

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经04

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经04考研英语核心词汇速成胜经考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 4一、真题文章Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This ; disposable ; work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pensionplans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.二、译文拥有五十六万员工的人力公司是世界上最大的临时就业代理机构。

tpo37阅读重点词汇

tpo37阅读重点词汇
一、TPO37阅读概述
TPO37阅读文章的主题是______，全文分为几个部分，讲述了______。

文章的难易程度适中，对于英语学习者来说是一篇有价值的阅读材料。

二、重点词汇解析
1.词汇1：词义及用法
词汇1______，在该文章中的用法是______，还可以表示______。

2.词汇2：词义及用法
词汇2______，在该文章中的用法是______，还可以表示______。

3.词汇3：词义及用法
词汇3______，在该文章中的用法是______，还可以表示______。

三、词汇运用建议
1.词汇1：搭配及例句
搭配______，例句______。

2.词汇2：搭配及例句
搭配______，例句______。

3.词汇3：搭配及例句
搭配______，例句______。

四、总结
通过阅读TPO37文章，我们学习到了______。

在词汇学习方面，我们掌握了______，这对于提高我们的英语水平和应对考试都有很大帮助。

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 37

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 37一、真题文章（1996年Text 2）With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage, as well as listen to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport , comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs , education , religion, parliamentary coverage, children ' s programs and films for an annual license fee of £83 pounds per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years--yet the BBC' s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewers--to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC' s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there aremany---are fond of quoting the American slogan"If it ain't broke, don't fix it. " The BBC "ain' t broke" , they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word 'broke' , meaning having no money) , so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TVchannels---ITV and Channel 4---were required by the Thatcher Government'sBroadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels---funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions---which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term .二、译文随着BBC全球电视网的开通，数以百万计的亚洲和美洲人现在可以收看和收听到BBC的新闻节目了。

考研英语——用真题,记核心词汇Unit_7

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 7一、真题文章If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.二、译文如果一个农民想要获得成功，就必须使消费与生产之间保持一个较大的差距。

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 38

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 38一、真题文章（1996年Text 3）In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labor" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting , trams and other services to the taxpayers .The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world' s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large " comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On theother hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other' s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation .二、译文十九世纪后半叶，“资方”和“劳方”按现代化方式不断扩大和完善各自相对独立的组织。

逻辑思维速记高考3500单词 - unit37

1.mid dle [ˈmɪdl] n. 中间；中部；中央记:词根法mid(中间)+d+le——记忆词根记忆词义med ia [ˈmiːdɪə] n. 媒体；[解剖学]血管中层记:词根法med(中间)+ia——媒体是商家和顾客中间的连接体im med iate [ɪˈmiːdɪət] adj. 立刻的；直接的；目前的；紧迫的记:词根法im(否定)+med(中间)+iate——没用中间环节，直接的，立刻的2.turkey [ˈtɜːkɪ] n. 火鸡记:“土耳其”——火鸡由土耳其商人走向世界，故被称为turkey3.claw [klɔː] n. 爪子；钳4.breakthrough [ˈbreɪkθruː] n. 突破5.opera [ˈɔpərə]n. 歌剧6.assume [əˈsjuːm] v. 假设；认为assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假设7.suc ceed [səkˈsiːd] v. 成功8.pro ced ure [prəˈsiːdʒə] n. 程序；步骤记:词根法pro(向前)+ced(走)+ure——程序即一个环节一个环节的向前走9.loaf [ləʊf] n. 一个面包10.flower [ˈflaʊə] n. 花flour [ˈflaʊə] n. 面粉备注:对比记单词，花有花粉，面粉是花粉果实的精华。

11.pulse [pʌls] n. 脉搏；脉动；脉冲 puls ory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] adj. 强制性的；义务的记:词根法com(共同)+puls(推动)+ory——强制性的事情要共同的推动13.mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri] n. 水星；水银；墨丘利备注:墨丘利(Mercury)是神话中为众神传递信息的使者，是商业、交通旅游和体育运动的神。

他的形象一般是头戴插有双翅的帽子，脚穿飞行鞋，手握魔杖，行走如飞。

学科#网14.merch ant [ˈmɜːtʃənt] n. 商人；店主15.arbiter[ˈɑ:bɪtə(r)] n. 仲裁者；裁决者记:谐音法“俺毙他”——仲裁者武断的要毙了他arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪtrərɪ]adj. 武断的；任意的16.reason [ˈriːzn] n. 原因；理由；理智v. 推理；推断reasonable [ˈriːzənəbl] adj. 合理的；理智的17.moral [ˈmɔːrəl] adj. 道德上的；道义上的；精神的n. 寓意；教训18.merely [ˈmɪəlɪ] adv. 仅仅；只不过；仅仅是；只是19.hatch [hætʃ] v. (鸟、鸡)孵化；孵出20.adore [əˈdɔː] v. 深爱；喜欢记:谐音法“爱倒”——因深爱而倾倒21.brother [ˈbrʌðə] n. 兄弟；同事bother[ˈbɒðə(r)] v.(使)苦恼；打扰；操心n. 麻烦；不便备注:组团背单词，有花是兄弟(brother)，无花是打扰(bother)。

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