SQL经典

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基础sql语句

基础sql语句1. SELECT: 用于查询表中的数据，可以使用通配符(*)表示所有列或者指定列名。

例子：SELECT * FROM table_name；2. FROM: 用于指定查询的数据来源，即需要查询哪张表。

例子：SELECT * FROM table_name；3. WHERE: 用于筛选满足条件的数据行，可以使用比较运算符（>,<,=,!=,>=,<=）等。

例子：SELECT * FROM table_name WHEREcolumn_name >= 10；4. ORDER BY: 用于将查询结果按照某个列进行排序，可以指定升序或降序（ASC或DESC）。

例子：SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BYcolumn_name ASC；5. GROUP BY: 用于将查询结果按照某个列进行分组，通常使用聚合函数（SUM,COUNT,AVG,MAX,MIN）进行数据计算。

例子：SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name；6. LIMIT: 用于限制查询结果的数量，只返回前几条数据。

例子：SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10；7. JOIN: 用于将多张表按照共同的字段进行连接，可以有多种连接方式（INNER JOIN,LEFT JOIN,RIGHT JOIN,FULL OUTER JOIN）。

例子：SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ONtable1.column_name = table2.column_name.。

sql经典语句（SQLclassicsentences）

sql经典语句（SQL classic sentences）I. Basic operation1) DESC, the describe role is to display the structure of the data table using the form: desc data table name2) distinct eliminates duplicate data usage: select, distinct, field name, from data table3) order by field 1 ASC, field 2 desc4) nested queries select, emp.empno, emp.ename, emp.job, emp.salFrom scott.empWhere sal>= (select, Sal, from, scott.emp, where, ename='WARD');5) nested queries select, emp.empno, emp.ename, emp.job, in, emp.salFrom scott.empWhere, Sal, in (select, Sal, from, scott.emp, where, ename ='WARD');6) nested queries select, emp.empno, emp.ename, emp.job, any, emp.salFrom scott.empWhere Sal > any (select, Sal, from, scott.emp, where, job='MANAGER');Equivalent to (1) select, Sal, from, scott.emp, where, job ='MANAGER'(2) select, emp.empno, emp.ename, emp.job, emp.salFrom scott.empData found in where Sal > (1) data a, or, Sal > (1), data found in B, or, Sal > (1), CEg:Select, Sal, from, scott.emp, where, job ='MANAGER'results; 12,10,13Equivalent to sal=12,10,13 or SAL> (12, OR, 10, OR, 13)7) the intersection operation is the intersection concept in the set. The sum of the elements that belong to the set A and belongs to the set B is the intersection. In the command edit area, execute the following statement.Eg:(select, djbh, from, ck_rwd_hz) intersect (select, djbh, from, ck_rwd_mx) documents numbered the sameSelect * from ck_rwd_mx a,((select, djbh, from, ck_rwd_hz) intersect (select, djbh, from, ck_rwd_mx)) BWhere a.djbh =b.djbhTwo function1) ceil takes the minimum integer ceil (N) greater than or equal to the value N; select, Mgr, mgr/100, ceil (mgr/100), from, scott.emp;2) floor takes the maximum integer floor (N) less than or equal to the value N; select, Mgr, mgr/100, floor (mgr/100), from, scott.emp;3) the remainder of mod m divisible by mod (m, n) n4) power, m, N, square, mod (m, n)5) round m four, five, keep the n bit mod (m, n)Select round (8.655,2) from dual; 8.66Select round (8.653,2) from dual; 8.656) sign n>0, take 1; n=0, take 0; n<0, take -1;7) AVG averages AVG (field name)8) count statistics total count (field name) select (*) from scott.emp; select count (distinct job) from scott.emp;9) min calculates numeric fields minimum, select, min (SAL), minimum salary from scott.emp;10) max calculates numeric field maximum, select, max (SAL), highest salary from scott.emp;11) sum calculates the sum of numeric fields, select, sum (SAL), the sum of salaries, from, scott.emp;Three input data1) single data entryInsert into data tables (fields 1, fields 2,...) valuse (field name 1 values, field name 2 values,...)Numeric fields can write values directly; character fields add single quotation marks; date fields add single quotes; at the same time pay attention to the order of days and months2) multi line data entryInsert into data table (field name 1, field name 2,...)(select (field name 1 or operation, field name 2 or operation,...) from data table where condition)3) data replication between tablesCreate table scott.testAs(Select, distinct, empno, ename, hiredate, from, scott.emp, where, empno>=7000);Create table spkpk_liu as select * from spkfk; creates tables and copies data, but creates incomplete table informationThis is all the way to full table backups.Usually after the table is built, you need to see if you want to build the index and primary key again.And "create, table, spkpk_liu, as, select * from, spkfk.""After this table is built, many of the parameter values of the table are the default minimum values, such as the initial value of the original table 10M, and the new table is probably only 256K.Formal environment used in the table, generally do not recommend such a table built.In this way, just a little lazy, if you do so,A statement can achieve the purpose of building tables and inserting data.For example, you need to modify the data in table A, and you might want to back up the data from the A table before you modify it.This time you can use create table... As...This makes it easy to retrieve data from the A table in the futureYou can do this when you debug your own program, but you can't create processes, packages, functions like thisFour delete dataDelete deletes data; truncate deletes the entire table data, but retains the structure1) delete recordsDelete from scott.test where empno and empno <=8000 > = 7500;2) delete the entire dataTruncate table scott.test;Similarities and differences between truncate, delete and dropNote: the delete here refers to the delete statement without the where clauseThe same thing: truncate and the delete without the where clause, and drop will delete the data in the tableDifference:1. truncate and delete only delete data and do not delete the structure of the table (definition)The drop statement will delete the structure of the table, the dependent constraints (constrain), the trigger, and the index (index); the stored procedure / function that depends on the table will be retained, but the invalid state will be changedThe 2.delete statement is DML, which is put into the rollback segement before the transaction is committed, and if you have the corresponding trigger, the execution will be triggeredTruncate, drop is DDL, the operation takes effect immediately, and the original data is not put into the rollback segment and cannot be rolled back. The operation does not trigger trigger.. Obviously, the drop statement releases all the space occupied by the table3. speed, in general: drop>, truncate > deleteOn use, you want to delete part of the data rows, with delete,take care to bring the where clause. The rollback section is large enough to be rolled back through the ROBACK, and there is considerable room for recoveryTo delete tables, of course, use dropYou want to keep the table and delete all the data. If you have nothing to do with the transaction, you can use truncate. Truncate, table, XX, delete the entire table of data, there is no room for recovery, the benefits can be arranged in the table debris, release spaceSo it's better to back up the data firstIf you are tidying up the inner fragments of a table, you can use truncate to catch up with reuse stroage and then import / insert data againFive update dataUpdate data sheetSet field name, 1=, new assignment, field name, 2=, new assignment,...Where conditionUpdate scott.empSet, empno=8888, ename='TOM', hiredate='03-9, -2002'Where empno = 7566;Update scott.empSet sal=(select, sal+300, from, scott.emp, where, empno = 8099)Where empno=8099;Decode (condition, value 1, translation value 1, value 2, translation value 2, value n, translation value n, default value)Six data export1 export the database TEST completely, export the user name system password manager to D:\daochu.dmpExpsystem/manager@TESTfile=d:\daochu.dmp full=y2 export the system user in the database to the table of the sys userExpsystem/manager@TESTfile=d:\daochu.dmp only wner= (system, Sys)3 export tables table1 and table2 from the databaseExpsystem/manager@TESTfile=d:\daochu.dmp tables= (table1, table2)4 export the field filed1 in the table table1 in the database to data that starts with "00"Expsystem/manager@TESTfile=d:\daochu.dmp tables= (table1) query=\ "where filed1 like'00%'\""Explmis_wh/lmis@lmisbuffer=10000 only WNER=lmis_wh rows=nfile=d:\lmis_wh_nodata.dmp log=d:\lmis_wh_nodata.logImplmis/lmis@lmisbuffer=10000, fromuser=lmis_wh, touser=lmis, file=d:\lmis_wh_nodata.dmp, log=d:\lmis_wh_nodata.logC:\>implmis/lmis@lmisbuffer=50000000, full=n,file=e:\daochu.dmp, ignore=y, rows=yCommit=y compile=y fromuser=lmis_wh touser=lmisSeven data import1 import data from the D:\daochu.dmp into the TEST database.Impsystem/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmpThere may be a problem with it because some tables already exist, and then it is reported wrong, and the table is not imported.It's OK to add ignore=y at the back.2 import table table1 from d:\daochu.dmpImpsystem/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp tables= (table1)SQL definition: SQL is a database oriented general data processing language specification, can complete the following functions: data extraction query, insert modify delete data generation, modify and delete database objects, database security, database integrity control and data protection.SQL classification:DDL - Data Definition Language (CREATE, ALTER, DROP, DECLARE)DML - Data Manipulation Language (SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT)DCL - data control language (GRANT, REVOKE, COMMIT, ROLLBACK) DDL - database definition language: direct submission. CREATE: used to create database objects.DECLARE: in addition to creating temporary tables that are used only during the process, the DECLARE statements are very similar to the CREATE statements. The only object that can be declared is the table. And must be added to the user temporary tablespace.DROP: you can delete any object created with CREATE (database object) and DECLARE (table).ALTER: allows you to modify information about certain databaseobjects. Cannot modify index.Eight, the following is mainly based on object presentation of basic grammar1, database:Create database: CREATE, DATABASE, database-name, [USING, CODESET, codeset, TERRITORY, territory]Note: the code page problem.Delete database: drop, database, dbname2, table:Create new table:Create, table, tabname (col1, Type1, [not, null], [primary, key], col2, type2, [not, null],...)Create a new table based on the existing table:A:create, table, tab_new, like, tab_oldB:create, table, tab_new, as, select, col1, col2... From tab_old definition onlyModify table:Add a column:Alter, table, tabname, add, column, col, typeNote: column added will not be deleted. The DB2 column after the data type does not change, the only change is to increase the size of the varchar. Add primary key:Alter, table, tabname, add, primary, key (Col)Delete Primary key:Alter, table, tabname, drop, primary, key (Col)Delete table: drop, table, tabnameAlter table BMDOC_LIUFDrop constraint PK1_BMDOC cascade;3, table space:Create table spaces: create, tablespace, tbsname, PageSize, 4K, managed, by, database, using (file, file, size)Adding containers to tablespace: alter, tablespace, tablespace_name, add (file,'filename', size)Note: the operation is irreversible and will not be removed after adding the container. Therefore, when it is added, pay attention to it.Delete tablespace: drop, tablespace, tbsname4, index:Create indexes: create, [unique], index, idxname, on, tabname (col... ).Delete index: drop, index, idxnameNote: the index is not modifiable. If you want to change it, you must delete it.5 views:Create views: create, view, VIEWNAME, as, select, statementDelete view: drop view VIEWNAMENote: the only change to the view is the reference type column, which changes the range of columns. None of the other definitions can be modified. The view becomes invalid when the view is based on the base table drop.DML - the database manipulation language, which does not implicitly submit the current transaction and is committed to the setting of the visual environment.SELECT: querying data from tablesNote: the connection in the condition avoids Cartesian productDELETE: delete data from existing tablesUPDATE: update data for existing tablesINSERT: insert data into existing tablesNote: whether DELETE, UPDATE, and INSERT are submitted directly depends on the environment in which the statement is executed.Pay attention to the full transaction log when executing.2, DELETE: delete records from the tableSyntax format:DELETE, FROM, tablename, WHERE (conditions)3, INSERT: insert a record into the tableSyntax format:INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2),... ) VALUES (value1, Value2),... );INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2),... ) VALUES (value1, Value2),... ) (value1, value2,... ),......Insert does not wait for any program and does not cause locking4, UPDATE:Syntax format:UPDATE tabname SET (col1=values1, col2=values2),... (WHERE) (conditions);Note: update is slower and requires indexing on the corresponding column.Nine permissionsDCL - Data Control LanguageGRANT - Grant user permissionsREVOKE - revoke user rightsCOMMIT - commit transactions can permanently modify the databaseROLLBACK - rollback transactions, eliminating all changes made after the last COMMIT command, so that the contents of the database are restored to the state after the last COMMIT execution.1, GRANT: all or administrators assign access rights to other usersSyntax format:Grant [all privileges|privileges,... On tabname VIEWNAME to [public|user |,... .2 and REVOKE: cancel one of the user's access rightsSyntax format:Revoke [all privileges|privileges,... On tabname VIEWNAME from [public|user |,... .Note: any permissions of users of instance level cannot be canceled. They are not authorized by grant, but are permissions implemented by groups.3, COMMIT: permanently records changes made in the transaction to the database.Syntax format:Commit [work]4, ROLLBACK: will undo all changes made since the last submission.Syntax format:Rollback [work]Ten advanced SQL brief introductionFirst, the query between the use of computing wordsA:UNION operatorThe UNION operator derives a result table by combining two other result tables (such as TABLE1 and TABLE2) and eliminating any duplicate rows in the table.When ALL is used with UNION (that is, UNION ALL), the duplicate rows are not eliminated. In the two case, each row of the derived table does not come from TABLE1, or from TABLE2.B:EXCEPT operatorThe EXCEPT operator derives a result table by including all rows in TABLE1, but not in TABLE2, and eliminating all duplicate rows. When ALL is used with EXCEPT (EXCEPT ALL), the duplicate rows are not eliminated.C:INTERSECT operatorThe INTERSECT operator derives a result table by including only rows in TABLE1 and TABLE2 and eliminating all duplicate rows. When ALL is used with INTERSECT (INTERSECT ALL), the duplicate rows are not eliminated.Note: several query results lines using arithmetic words must be consistent.Appendix: introduction to commonly used functions1, type conversion function:Converted to a numeric type:Decimal, double, Integer, smallint, realHex (ARG): 16 hexadecimal representation converted into parameters.Converted to string type:Char, varcharDigits (ARG): returns the string representation of Arg, and Arg must be decimal.Converted to date or time:Date, time, timestamp2, time and date:Year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, secondDayofyear (ARG): returns the daily value of Arg in the yearDayofweek (ARG): returns the daily value of Arg in the weekDays (ARG): the integer representation of the return date, the number of days from the 0001-01-01.Midnight_seconds (ARG): the number of seconds between midnight and arg.Monthname (ARG): returns the month name of arg.Dayname (ARG): the week that returns arg.3 string function:Length, lcase, ucase, ltrim, rtrimCoalesce (arg1, arg2)... ) returns the first non null parameter in the argument set.Concat (arg1, arg2): connect two strings, arg1 and arg2.Insert (arg1, POS, size, arg2): returns a arg1 that removes size characters from POS and inserts arg2 into that location.Left (Arg, length): returns the leftmost length string of arg.Locate (arg1, arg2, &lt, pos>): find the location of the first occurrence of arg1 in arg2, specify POS, and start looking for the location of the arg1 from the POS of arg2.Posstr (arg1, arg2): returns the position where arg2 first appeared in arg1.Repeat (arg1, num_times): returns the string arg1 repeated num_times times.Replace (arg1, arg2, ARG3): replace all arg2 in arg1 to arg3.Right (Arg, length): returns a string consisting of lengthbytes on the left of the arg.Space (ARG): returns a string containing Arg spaces.Substr (arg1, POS, &lt, length>): returns the length character at the start of the POS position in arg1, and returns the remaining characters if no length is specified.4. Mathematical function:Abs, count, Max, min, sumCeil (ARG): returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to arg.Floor (ARG): returns the smallest integer less than or equal to the parameter.Mod (arg1,Arg2) returns arg1 by the remainder of the arg2, with the same symbol as arg1.Rand (): returns a random number between 1 and 1.Power (arg1, arg2): returns the arg2 power of arg1.Round (arg1, arg2): four, five into the truncated processing, arg2 is the number of bits, if arg2 is negative, then the number of decimal points before four to five processing.Sigh (ARG): symbolic designator to return arg. -1,0,1 representation.Truncate (arg1, arg2): truncate arg1, arg2 is the number of digits, and if arg2 is negative, keep the arg2 bits before the arg1 decimal point.5, others:Nullif (arg1, arg2): returns if the 2 arguments are equal, otherwise the argument 1 is returned。

sql面试必会6题经典

sql面试必会6题经典面试题
1. SQL有哪些数据类型？
SQL数据类型包括：数值类型（整数、实数、位类型）、字符串类型（字符串、固定长度字符串、可变长度字符串）、日期/时间类型、二进制类型以及用户自定义的特殊类型。

2. 什么是 SQL 联合查询？
SQL联合查询是一种在单个查询中使用多个表进行信息检索的技术，可以将多个相关表中的数据检索出来并进行合并显示。

常用的联合查询有内连接（Inner Join）、左外连接（Left Join）、右外连接（Right Join）、全外连接（Full Join）等。

3. 什么是 SQL 索引？
SQL索引是数据库表中用于快速检索数据的数据结构，它可以加快数据库表中某一列或多列上的查询速度。

常见的索引类型有B树索引、哈希索引、空间索引等。

4. 什么是SQL视图？
SQL视图是一种虚拟表，用于从一个或多个表中检索数据，并提供一种抽象的方法来访问表中的数据。

它可以让用户只能看到所需要看到的列和行，而不需要查看整个表。

5. SQL语句有哪些？
SQL语句有以下几种：CREATE（创建）、SELECT（查询）、INSERT（插入）、UPDATE（更新）、DELETE（删除）、ALTER（修改）、DROP（删除）等。

6. 什么是子查询？
子查询是一种在SQL语句中嵌套另一个完整的SQL语句的查询，它可以从其它表中检索数据，也可以从当前表中检索数据。

它可以让你更有效地检索数据，并且可以让你在不使用连接的情况下实现类似于连接的结果。

SQL经典50题练习

创建表及插⼊数据学⽣表Studentcreate table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);练习题⽬1. 查询" 01 "课程⽐" 02 "课程成绩⾼的学⽣的信息及课程分数1.1 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况1.2 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显⽰为 null )1.3 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况2. 查询平均成绩⼤于等于 60 分的同学的学⽣编号和学⽣姓名和平均成绩3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学⽣信息4. 查询所有同学的学⽣编号、学⽣姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显⽰为 null )4.1 查有成绩的学⽣信息5. 查询「李」姓⽼师的数量6. 查询学过「张三」⽼师授课的同学的信息7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息8. 查询⾄少有⼀门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息10. 查询没学过"张三"⽼师讲授的任⼀门课程的学⽣姓名11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩12. 检索" 01 "课程分数⼩于 60，按分数降序排列的学⽣信息13. 按平均成绩从⾼到低显⽰所有学⽣的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩14. 查询各科成绩最⾼分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显⽰：课程 ID，课程 name，最⾼分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90要求输出课程号和选修⼈数，查询结果按⼈数降序排列，若⼈数相同，按课程号升序排列15. 按各科成绩进⾏排序，并显⽰排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺15. 按各科成绩进⾏排序，并显⽰排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺15.1 按各科成绩进⾏排序，并显⽰排名， Score 重复时合并名次16. 查询学⽣的总成绩，并进⾏排名，总分重复时保留名次空缺16.1 查询学⽣的总成绩，并进⾏排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺17. 统计各科成绩各分数段⼈数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分⽐18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录19. 查询每门课程被选修的学⽣数20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学⽣学号和姓名21. 查询男⽣、⼥⽣⼈数22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学⽣信息23. 查询同名同性学⽣名单，并统计同名⼈数24. 查询 1990 年出⽣的学⽣名单25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列26. 查询平均成绩⼤于等于 85 的所有学⽣的学号、姓名和平均成绩27. 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学⽣姓名和分数28. 查询所有学⽣的课程及分数情况（存在学⽣没成绩，没选课的情况）29. 查询任何⼀门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数30. 查询不及格的课程31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学⽣的学号和姓名32. 求每门课程的学⽣⼈数33. 成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」⽼师所授课程的学⽣中，成绩最⾼的学⽣信息及其成绩34. 成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」⽼师所授课程的学⽣中，成绩最⾼的学⽣信息及其成绩35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学⽣的学⽣编号、课程编号、学⽣成绩36. 查询每门功成绩最好的前两名37. 统计每门课程的学⽣选修⼈数（超过 5 ⼈的课程才统计）。

经典SQL语句大全(超全)

一、基础1、说明：创建数据库CREATE DATABASE database-name2、说明：删除数据库drop database dbname3、说明：备份sql server--- 创建备份数据的 deviceUSE masterEXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1. dat'--- 开始备份BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack4、说明：创建新表create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)根据已有的表创建新表：A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only5、说明：删除新表drop table tabname6、说明：增加一个列Alter table tabname add column col type注：列增加后将不能删除。

DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变，唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。

7、说明：添加主键：Alter table tabname add primary key(col)说明：删除主键： Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)8、说明：创建索引：create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 删除索引：drop index idxname注：索引是不可更改的，想更改必须删除重新建。

9、说明：创建视图：create view viewname as select statement删除视图：drop view viewname10、说明：几个简单的基本的sql语句选择：select * from table1 where 范围插入：insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)删除：delete from table1 where 范围更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围查找：select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙，查资料!排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]总数：select count as totalcount from table1求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table111、说明：几个高级查询运算词A：UNION 运算符UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表（例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2）并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。

SQL中经典函数使用实例大全

SQL中经典函数使用实例大全SQL中有许多经典的函数，可以用来完成各种复杂的操作。

下面是一些常用的SQL函数以及它们的使用示例。

1.聚合函数：用于对数据进行汇总计算。

- AVG：计算列的平均值。

例如，计算一个表的成绩列的平均值：SELECT AVG(score) FROM table_name;- SUM：计算列的总和。

例如，计算一个表的销售额列的总和：SELECT SUM(sales) FROM table_name;- COUNT：计算列的行数。

例如，计算一个表的记录数：SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;- MAX：找出列的最大值。

例如，找出一个表中的最大年龄：SELECT MAX(age) FROM table_name;- MIN：找出列的最小值。

例如，找出一个表中的最小工资：SELECT MIN(salary) FROM table_name;2.字符串函数：用于对字符串进行各种操作。

- CONCAT：将多个字符串连接在一起。

例如，将名字和姓氏连接起来：SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) FROM table_name;- SUBSTRING：提取字符串的子串。

例如，提取一个表的地址列的前5个字符：SELECT SUBSTRING(address, 1, 5) FROM table_name;- UPPER：将字符串转换为大写。

例如，将一个表的名字列转换为大写：SELECT UPPER(name) FROM table_name;- LOWER：将字符串转换为小写。

例如，将一个表的地址列转换为小写：SELECT LOWER(address) FROM table_name;- LENGTH：返回字符串的长度。

例如，返回一个表的用户名列的长度：SELECT LENGTH(username) FROM table_name;3.数值函数：用于对数值进行各种操作。

常用的SQL语句

常用的SQL语句下面列举了一些我们在开发中常常会使用到的SQL语句，供大家参考学习。

1. 查询所有数据：SELECT * FROM table_name;2. 查询指定列数据：SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;3. 带条件查询：SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;4. 带条件查询并排序：SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition ORDER BY column_name ASC/DESC;5. 带分组的查询：SELECT column1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1;6. 带分组和排序的查询：SELECT column1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1 ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC;7. 带聚合函数的查询：SELECT AVG(column1), MAX(column2), MIN(column3) FROM table_name;8. 带子查询的查询：SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 IN (SELECT column1 FROM other_table);9. 带连接条件的查询：SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column1 = table2.column2;10. 带连接和排序条件的查询：SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column1 = table2.column2 ORDER BY table1.column2 ASC;11. 带连接和分组条件的查询：SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column1 = table2.column2 GROUP BY table1.column2;12. 带连接和聚合函数条件的查询：SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column1 = table2.column2 GROUP BY table1.column2 HAVING AVG(table2.column3) > 0;13. 插入数据：INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);14. 更新数据：UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition;15. 删除数据：DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;16. 清空表数据：TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;17. 创建表：CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...);18. 修改表结构：ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;19. 删除表：DROP TABLE table_name;20. 查看表结构：DESCRIBE table_name;21. 查看表数据量：SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;22. 查看表索引：SHOW INDEX FROM table_name;23. 创建索引：CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);24. 删除索引：DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name;25. 批量插入数据：INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2), (value3, value4), ...;26. 批量更新数据：UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition, column2 = value2 WHERE condition, ...;27. 批量删除数据：DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition, ...;28. 分页查询：SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT offset, limit;29. 子查询嵌套查询：(SELECT column1 FROM other_table WHERE condition) IN (SELECT column1 FROM another_table WHERE condition);30. UNION操作符查询：SELECT * FROM table1 UNION SELECT * FROM table2。

mysql-50道经典sql题

mysql-50道经典sql题English.Q1: Find all customers who have placed orders with a total value of over $1000.sql.SELECT customer_id, SUM(order_total) AS total_value.FROM orders.GROUP BY customer_id.HAVING total_value > 1000;Q2: Find all products that have been ordered more than 10 times.sql.SELECT product_id, COUNT() AS order_count.FROM order_items.GROUP BY product_id.HAVING order_count > 10;Q3: Find all employees who have worked on more than 5 projects.sql.SELECT employee_id, COUNT() AS project_count.FROM project_assignments.GROUP BY employee_id.HAVING project_count > 5;Q4: Find all orders that were shipped within 2 days of being placed.sql.SELECT order_id, DATEDIFF(ship_date, order_date) AS shipping_time.FROM orders.WHERE shipping_time <= 2;Q5: Find all customers who have placed at least one order in the last year.sql.SELECT customer_id.FROM orders.WHERE order_date >= DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 1YEAR);Chinese.Q1: 找出所有总订单价值超过 1000 美元的客户。

sql 语句经典题目

sql 语句经典题目SQL（Structured Query Language）是用于管理关系数据库的标准编程语言。

以下是一些经典的 SQL 题目，可以帮助你提高 SQL 技能：1. 学生成绩查询假设有一个学生数据库，包括学生、课程和成绩等信息。

学生表为`students`，包含列 `id`, `name`, 和 `age`。

课程表为 `courses`，包含列`id`, `name`。

成绩表为 `scores`，包含列 `student_id`, `course_id`, 和`score`。

查询每个学生的姓名、年龄和所有课程的成绩。

2. 员工工资查询假设有一个员工数据库，包括员工、部门和工资等信息。

员工表为`employees`，包含列 `id`, `name`, 和 `department_id`。

部门表为`departments`，包含列 `id`, `name`。

工资表为 `salaries`，包含列`employee_id`, `salary`。

查询每个员工的姓名、所属部门和工资。

3. 商品销售统计假设有一个商品销售数据库，包括商品、销售和购买者等信息。

商品表为 `products`，包含列 `id`, `name`, 和 `price`。

销售表为 `sales`，包含列 `product_id`, `seller_id`, 和 `buyer_id`。

查询每种商品的名称、单价和销售数量，并按销售数量降序排列。

4. 电影评分查询假设有一个电影数据库，包括电影、导演和评分等信息。

电影表为`movies`，包含列 `id`, `title`, 和 `director_id`。

导演表为 `directors`，包含列 `id`, `name`。

评分表为 `ratings`，包含列 `movie_id`, 和 `rating`。

查询每个导演所执导的电影的评分，并计算每个导演的平均评分。

5. 博客文章分类假设有一个博客文章数据库，包括文章、类别和作者等信息。

数据仓库经典sql面试题

数据仓库经典sql面试题数据仓库经典 SQL 面试题通常涉及到数据查询、数据转换和数据分析等方面。

以下是一些经典的 SQL 面试题示例：1. 查询员工表中的所有员工信息。

sql.SELECT FROM employees;2. 查询销售额最高的产品名称和销售额。

sql.SELECT product_name, MAX(sales_amount) ASmax_sales_amount.FROM sales.GROUP BY product_name;3. 统计每个部门的平均工资和部门人数。

sql.SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary, COUNT() AS employee_count.FROM employees.GROUP BY department_id;4. 查询每个月的销售总额。

sql.SELECT YEAR(order_date) AS sales_year,MONTH(order_date) AS sales_month, SUM(sales_amount) AS total_sales.FROM sales.GROUP BY YEAR(order_date), MONTH(order_date);5. 查找在 2020 年加入公司的员工数量。

sql.SELECT COUNT() AS new_employee_count.FROM employees.WHERE YEAR(hire_date) = 2020;这些是一些经典的数据仓库 SQL 面试题示例，涵盖了基本的数据查询、聚合函数、分组和条件过滤等内容。

希望这些示例能够帮助您更好地准备数据仓库 SQL 面试。

sql经典50题建表语句

sql经典50题建表语句1、题目：创建一个名为"employees"的表，包含"id"、"name"和"salary"三个字段。

sql：CREATE TABLE employees (id INT PRIMARY KEY,name VARCHAR(50),salary DECIMAL(10, 2));2、题目：创建一个名为"orders"的表，包含"order_id"、"customer_id"和"order_date"三个字段。

sql：CREATE TABLE orders (order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,customer_id INT,order_date DATE);3、题目：创建一个名为"products"的表，包含"product_id"、"product_name"和"price"三个字段。

sql：CREATE TABLE products (product_id INT PRIMARY KEY,product_name VARCHAR(50),price DECIMAL(10, 2));4、题目：创建一个名为"customers"的表，包含"customer_id"、"first_name"、"last_name"和"email"四个字段。

sql：CREATE TABLE customers (customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,first_name VARCHAR(50),last_name VARCHAR(50),email VARCHAR(100));5、题目：创建一个名为"addresses"的表，包含"address_id"、"street"、"city"和"state"四个字段。

30条SQL经典得SQL语句

17、说明：随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
18、说明：随机选择记录
select newid()
19、说明：删除重复记录
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)
16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
显示结果：
type vender pcs
电脑 A பைடு நூலகம்
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3
23、说明：初始化表table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
24、说明：选择从10到15的记录
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..
4、说明：子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
8、说明：between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括

SQL语句大全大全(经典珍藏版)

SQL语句大全--语句功能--数据操作SELECT --从数据库表中检索数据行和列INSERT --向数据库表添加新数据行DELETE --从数据库表中删除数据行UPDATE --更新数据库表中的数据-数据定义CREATE TABLE --创建一个数据库表DROP TABLE --从数据库中删除表ALTER TABLE --修改数据库表结构CREATE VIEW --创建一个视图DROP VIEW --从数据库中删除视图CREATE INDEX --为数据库表创建一个索引DROP INDEX --从数据库中删除索引CREATE PROCEDURE --创建一个存储过程DROP PROCEDURE --从数据库中删除存储过程CREATE TRIGGER --创建一个触发器DROP TRIGGER --从数据库中删除触发器CREATE SCHEMA --向数据库添加一个新模式DROP SCHEMA --从数据库中删除一个模式CREATE DOMAIN --创建一个数据值域ALTER DOMAIN --改变域定义DROP DOMAIN --从数据库中删除一个域--数据控制GRANT --授予用户访问权限DENY --拒绝用户访问REVOKE --解除用户访问权限--事务控制COMMIT --结束当前事务ROLLBACK --中止当前事务SET TRANSACTION --定义当前事务数据访问特征--程序化SQLDECLARE --为查询设定游标EXPLAN --为查询描述数据访问计划OPEN --检索查询结果打开一个游标FETCH --检索一行查询结果CLOSE --关闭游标PREPARE --为动态执行准备SQL 语句EXECUTE --动态地执行SQL 语句DESCRIBE --描述准备好的查询---局部变量declare @id char(10)--set @id = '10010001'select @id = '10010001'---全局变量---必须以@@开头--IF ELSEdeclare @x int @y int @z intselect @x = 1 @y = 2 @z=3if @x > @yprint 'x > y' --打印字符串'x > y'else if @y > @zprint 'y > z'else print 'z > y'--CASEuse panguupdate employeeset e_wage =casewhen job_level = ‟1‟ then e_wage*1.08 when job_level = ‟2‟ then e_wage*1.07 when job_level = ‟3‟ then e_wage*1.06 else e_wage*1.05end--WHILE CONTINUE BREAK declare @x int @y int @c intselect @x = 1 @y=1while @x < 3beginprint @x --打印变量x 的值while @y < 3beginselect @c = 100*@x + @yprint @c --打印变量c 的值select @y = @y + 1endselect @x = @x + 1select @y = 1end--WAITFOR--例等待1 小时2 分零3 秒后才执行SELECT 语句wai tfor delay ‟01:02:03‟select * from employee--例等到晚上11 点零8 分后才执行SELECT 语句waitfor time ‟23:08:00‟select * from employee***SELECT***select *(列名) from table_name(表名) where column_name operator value ex:(宿主)select * from stock_information where stockid = str(nid)stockname = 'str_name'stockname like '% find this %'stockname like '[a-zA-Z]%' --------- ([]指定值的范围)stockname like '[^F-M]%' --------- (^排除指定范围)--------- 只能在使用like关键字的where子句中使用通配符)or stockpath = 'stock_path'or stocknumber < 1000and stockindex = 24not stock*** = 'man'stocknumber between 20 and 100stocknumber in(10,20,30)order by stockid desc(asc) --------- 排序，desc-降序，asc-升序order by 1,2 --------- by列号stockname = (select stockname from stock_information where stockid = 4)--------- 子查询--------- 除非能确保内层select只返回一个行的值，--------- 否则应在外层where子句中用一个in限定符select distinct column_name form table_name --------- distinct指定检索独有的列值，不重复select stocknumber ,"stocknumber + 10" = stocknumber + 10 from table_name select stockname , "stocknumber" = count(*) from table_name group by stockname--------- group by 将表按行分组,指定列中有相同的值having count(*) = 2 --------- having选定指定的组select *from table1, table2where table1.id *= table2.id -------- 左外部连接，table1中有的而table2中没有得以null表示table1.id =* table2.id -------- 右外部连接select stockname from table1union [all] ----- union合并查询结果集，all-保留重复行select stockname from table2***insert***insert into table_name (Stock_name,Stock_number) value ("xxx","xxxx")value (select Stockname , Stocknumber from Stock_table2)---value为select语句***update***update table_name set Stockname = "xxx" [where Stockid = 3]Stockname = defaultStockname = nullStocknumber = Stockname + 4***delete***delete from table_name where Stockid = 3truncate table_name ----------- 删除表中所有行，仍保持表的完整性drop table table_name --------------- 完全删除表***alter table*** --- 修改数据库表结构alter table database.owner.table_name add column_name char(2) null .....sp_help table_name ---- 显示表已有特征create table table_name (name char(20), age smallint, lname varchar(30))insert into table_name select ......... ----- 实现删除列的方法（创建新表）alter table table_name drop constraint Stockname_default ---- 删除Stockname的default约束***function(/*常用函数*/)***----统计函数----AVG --求平均值COUNT --统计数目MAX --求最大值MIN --求最小值SUM --求和--AVGuse panguselect avg(e_wage) as dept_avgWagefrom employeegroup by dept_id--MAX--求工资最高的员工姓名use panguselect e_namefrom employeewhere e_wage =(select max(e_wage)from employee)--STDEV()--STDEV()函数返回表达式中所有数据的标准差--STDEVP()--STDEVP()函数返回总体标准差--VAR()--VAR()函数返回表达式中所有值的统计变异数--VARP()--VARP()函数返回总体变异数----算术函数----/***三角函数***/SIN(float_expression) --返回以弧度表示的角的正弦COS(float_expression) --返回以弧度表示的角的余弦TAN(float_expression) --返回以弧度表示的角的正切COT(float_expression) --返回以弧度表示的角的余切/***反三角函数***/ASIN(float_expression) --返回正弦是FLOAT 值的以弧度表示的角ACOS(float_expression) --返回余弦是FLOAT 值的以弧度表示的角ATAN(float_expression) --返回正切是FLOAT 值的以弧度表示的角ATAN2(float_expression1,float_expression2)--返回正切是float_expression1 /float_expres-sion2的以弧度表示的角DEGREES(numeric_expression)--把弧度转换为角度返回与表达式相同的数据类型可为--INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型RADIANS(numeric_expression) --把角度转换为弧度返回与表达式相同的数据类型可为--INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型EXP(float_expression) --返回表达式的指数值LOG(float_expression) --返回表达式的自然对数值LOG10(float_expression)--返回表达式的以10 为底的对数值SQRT(float_expression) --返回表达式的平方根/***取近似值函数***/CEILING(numeric_expression) --返回>=表达式的最小整数返回的数据类型与表达式相同可为--INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型FLOOR(numeric_expression) --返回<=表达式的最小整数返回的数据类型与表达式相同可为--INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型ROUND(numeric_expression) --返回以integer_expression 为精度的四舍五入值返回的数据--类型与表达式相同可为INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型ABS(numeric_expression) --返回表达式的绝对值返回的数据类型与表达式相同可为--INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型SIGN(numeric_expression) --测试参数的正负号返回0 零值1 正数或-1 负数返回的数据类型--与表达式相同可为INTEGER/MONEY/REAL/FLOAT 类型PI() --返回值为π 即3.1415926535897936RAND([integer_expression]) --用任选的[integer_expression]做种子值得出0-1 间的随机浮点数----字符串函数----ASCII() --函数返回字符表达式最左端字符的ASCII 码值CHAR() --函数用于将ASCII 码转换为字符--如果没有输入0 ~ 255 之间的ASCII 码值CHAR 函数会返回一个NULL 值LOWER() --函数把字符串全部转换为小写UPPER() --函数把字符串全部转换为大写STR() --函数把数值型数据转换为字符型数据LTRIM() --函数把字符串头部的空格去掉RTRIM() --函数把字符串尾部的空格去掉LEFT(),RIGHT(),SUBSTRING() --函数返回部分字符串CHARINDEX(),PATINDEX() --函数返回字符串中某个指定的子串出现的开始位置SOUNDEX() --函数返回一个四位字符码--SOUNDEX函数可用来查找声音相似的字符串但SOUNDEX函数对数字和汉字均只返回0 值DIFFERENCE() --函数返回由SOUNDEX 函数返回的两个字符表达式的值的差异--0 两个SOUNDEX 函数返回值的第一个字符不同--1 两个SOUNDEX 函数返回值的第一个字符相同--2 两个SOUNDEX 函数返回值的第一二个字符相同--3 两个SOUNDEX 函数返回值的第一二三个字符相同--4 两个SOUNDEX 函数返回值完全相同QUOTENAME() --函数返回被特定字符括起来的字符串/*select quotename('abc', '{') quotename('abc')运行结果如下----------------------------------{{abc} [abc]*/REPLICATE() --函数返回一个重复character_expression 指定次数的字符串/*select replicate('abc', 3) replicate( 'abc', -2)运行结果如下----------- -----------abcabcabc NULL*/REVERSE() --函数将指定的字符串的字符排列顺序颠倒REPLACE() --函数返回被替换了指定子串的字符串/*select replace('abc123g', '123', 'def')运行结果如下----------- -----------abcdefg*/SPACE() --函数返回一个有指定长度的空白字符串STUFF() --函数用另一子串替换字符串指定位置长度的子串----数据类型转换函数----CAST() 函数语法如下CAST() (<expression> AS <data_ type>[ length ])CONVERT() 函数语法如下CONVERT() (<data_ type>[ length ], <expression> [, style])select cast(100+99 as char) convert(varchar(12), getdate())运行结果如下------------------------------ ------------199 Jan 15 2000----日期函数----DAY() --函数返回date_expression 中的日期值MONTH() --函数返回date_expression 中的月份值YEAR() --函数返回date_expression 中的年份值DATEADD(<datepart> ,<number> ,<date>)--函数返回指定日期date 加上指定的额外日期间隔number 产生的新日期DATEDIFF(<datepart> ,<number> ,<date>)--函数返回两个指定日期在datepart 方面的不同之处DATENAME(<datepart> , <date>) --函数以字符串的形式返回日期的指定部分DATEPART(<datepart> , <date>) --函数以整数值的形式返回日期的指定部分GETDATE() --函数以DATETIME 的缺省格式返回系统当前的日期和时间----系统函数----APP_NAME() --函数返回当前执行的应用程序的名称COALESCE() --函数返回众多表达式中第一个非NULL 表达式的值COL_LENGTH(<'table_name'>, <'column_name'>) --函数返回表中指定字段的长度值COL_NAME(<table_id>, <column_id>) --函数返回表中指定字段的名称即列名DATALENGTH() --函数返回数据表达式的数据的实际长度DB_ID(['database_name']) --函数返回数据库的编号DB_NAME(database_id) --函数返回数据库的名称HOST_ID() --函数返回服务器端计算机的名称HOST_NAME() --函数返回服务器端计算机的名称IDENTITY(<data_type>[, seed increment]) [AS column_name])--IDENTITY() 函数只在SELECT INTO 语句中使用用于插入一个identity column列到新表中/*select identity(int, 1, 1) as column_nameinto newtablefrom oldtable*/ISDATE() --函数判断所给定的表达式是否为合理日期ISNULL(<check_expression>, <replacement_value>) --函数将表达式中的NULL 值用指定值替换ISNUMERIC() --函数判断所给定的表达式是否为合理的数值NEWID() --函数返回一个UNIQUEIDENTIFIER 类型的数值NULLIF(<expression1>, <expression2>)--NULLIF 函数在expression1 与expression2 相等时返回NULL 值若不相等时则返回expression1 的值sql中的保留字action add aggregate allalter after and asasc avg avg_row_length auto_incrementbetween bigint bit binaryblob bool both bycascade case char characterchange check checksum columncolumns comment constraint createcross current_date current_time current_timestampdata database databases datedatetime day day_hour day_minuteday_second dayofmonth dayofweek dayofyeardec decimal default delayeddelay_key_write delete desc describedistinct distinctrow double dropend else escape escapedenclosed enum explain existsfields file first floatfloat4 float8 flush foreignfrom for full functionglobal grant grants grouphaving heap high_priority hourhour_minute hour_second hosts identifiedignore in index infileinner insert insert_id intinteger interval int1 int2int3 int4 int8 intoif is isam joinkey keys kill last_insert_idleading left length likelines limit load locallock logs long longbloblongtext low_priority max max_rowsmatch mediumblob mediumtext mediumintmiddleint min_rows minute minute_secondmodify month monthname myisamnatural numeric no notnull on optimize optionoptionally or order outeroutfile pack_keys partial passwordprecision primary procedure processprocesslist privileges read realreferences reload regexp renamereplace restrict returns revokerlike row rows secondselect set show shutdownsmallint soname sql_big_tables sql_big_selectssql_low_priority_updates sql_log_off sql_log_update sql_select_limit sql_small_result sql_big_result sql_warnings straight_joinstarting status string tabletables temporary terminated textthen time timestamp tinyblobtinytext tinyint trailing totype use using uniqueunlock unsigned update usagevalues varchar variables varyingvarbinary with write whenwhere year year_month zerofill查看全文常用SQL命令和ASP编程在进行数据库操作时，无非就是添加、删除、修改，这得设计到一些常用的SQL 语句，如下：SQL常用命令使用方法：(1) 数据记录筛选：sql="select * from 数据表where 字段名=字段值order by 字段名[desc]"sql="select * from 数据表where 字段名like %字段值% order by 字段名[desc]"sql="select top 10 * from 数据表where 字段名order by 字段名[desc]"sql="select * from 数据表where 字段名in (值1,值2,值3)"sql="select * from 数据表where 字段名between 值1 and 值2"(2) 更新数据记录：sql="update 数据表set 字段名=字段值where 条件表达式"sql="update 数据表set 字段1=值1,字段2=值2 …… 字段n=值n where 条件表达式"(3) 删除数据记录：sql="delete from 数据表where 条件表达式"sql="delete from 数据表" (将数据表所有记录删除)(4) 添加数据记录：sql="insert into 数据表(字段1,字段2,字段3 …) valuess (值1,值2,值3 …)"sql="insert into 目标数据表select * from 源数据表" (把源数据表的记录添加到目标数据表)(5) 数据记录统计函数：AVG(字段名) 得出一个表格栏平均值COUNT(*|字段名) 对数据行数的统计或对某一栏有值的数据行数统计MAX(字段名) 取得一个表格栏最大的值MIN(字段名) 取得一个表格栏最小的值SUM(字段名) 把数据栏的值相加引用以上函数的方法：sql="select sum(字段名) as 别名from 数据表where 条件表达式"set rs=conn.excute(sql)用rs("别名") 获取统的计值，其它函数运用同上。

sql经典训练

sql经典训练SQL（结构化查询语言）是用于管理关系数据库的标准编程语言。

以下是SQL的经典训练：1. 基础语法:`SELECT`: 查询数据`FROM`: 指定从哪个表查询`WHERE`: 过滤数据`AND` & `OR`: 组合过滤条件`ORDER BY`: 排序数据`LIMIT` & `OFFSET`: 限制返回的行数2. 聚合函数:`COUNT()`: 计算行数`SUM()`: 计算总和`AVG()`: 计算平均值`MAX()`: 获取最大值`MIN()`: 获取最小值3. 分组与子查询:`GROUP BY`: 按某列或多列分组`HAVING`: 对分组后的数据进行过滤子查询: 在一个查询中嵌套另一个查询4. 连接表:内连接 (INNER JOIN)左连接 (LEFT JOIN)右连接 (RIGHT JOIN)全外连接 (FULL OUTER JOIN)5. 创建与修改表:`CREATE TABLE`: 创建新表`ALTER TABLE`: 修改现有表的结构（如添加、删除列）`DROP TABLE`: 删除表6. 索引与优化:索引的用途和类型（如 B-tree, hash, full-text 等）查询优化技巧：例如使用索引、避免全表扫描等。

7. 存储过程与触发器:存储过程: 保存的SQL命令集合，可以像函数一样被调用。

触发器: 在某些数据库事件（如 INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE）发生时自动执行的代码块。

8. 事务处理:ACID属性：原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性。

事务的开始 (`BEGIN TRANSACTION`) 和结束 (`COMMIT` 或`ROLLBACK`).9. 视图:使用视图来简化复杂的查询或隐藏某些数据。

10. 其他功能:用户与权限管理 (如 GRANT, REVOKE 等)。

使用系统或信息模式视图来获取数据库的元数据。

11. 实践与挑战:通过实际的数据和案例来练习和应用所学知识。

sql面试必会6题经典

SQL面试必会6题经典在SQL面试中，有一些问题是经典且必会的。

这些问题涵盖了SQL的基本概念和技巧，能够帮助面试官对面试者的SQL能力有一个全面的了解。

以下是6道经典的SQL面试题，包含了SELECT、JOIN、GROUP BY和子查询等常见的SQL操作。

题目一：查询表中的所有记录SELECT*FROM table_name;这是一个非常基本的查询，它能够返回表中的所有记录。

在面试中，可以用这个问题来考察面试者对SQL语法的熟悉程度。

题目二：查询表中的指定字段SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;这个问题要求面试者从表中选择指定的字段，而不是返回所有字段。

这能够考察面试者对SELECT语句的掌握程度。

题目三：查询表中的记录数SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;在面试中，有时候会需要知道一张表中的记录数。

这个问题考察面试者是否知道如何使用COUNT函数来做这个事情。

题目四：查询表中的最大值和最小值SELECT MAX(column_name), MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;面试者需要使用MAX和MIN函数来查询表中某一列的最大值和最小值。

这个问题考察面试者是否了解这些聚合函数的用法。

题目五：查询表中满足指定条件的记录SELECT*FROM table_name WHERE condition;在面试中，很常见的需求是查询满足某些条件的记录。

这个问题考察面试者是否熟悉SQL中的WHERE子句的用法。

题目六：查询表中的重复记录SELECT column1, column2, COUNT(*) FROM table_n ame GROUP BY column1, column2 HAVING COUNT(*) >1;有时候需要查询表中的重复记录，这个问题考察面试者是否熟悉使用GROUP BY和HAVING来对聚合结果做筛选。

数据库SQL经典语句

数据库SQL经典语句1.创建表：CREATE TABLE table_namecolumn1 datatype constraint,column2 datatype constraint,...2.插入数据INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...);3.查询数据SELECT column1, column2, ...FROM table_nameWHERE conditionORDER BY columnLIMIT number;4.更新数据UPDATE table_nameSET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...WHERE condition;5.删除数据DELETE FROM table_nameWHERE condition;6.创建索引CREATE INDEX index_nameON table_name (column1, column2, ...);7.删除索引DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name;8.修改表结构ALTER TABLE table_nameADD column datatype constraint;9.删除表DROP TABLE table_name;10.聚合函数(求和、平均值、最大值、最小值等) SELECT aggregate_function(column)FROM table_nameWHERE conditionGROUP BY column;11.连接表FROM table1INNER JOIN table2 ON condition;12.子查询SELECT column1, column2, ...FROM table1WHERE column IN (SELECT column FROM table2 WHERE condition);13.内连接SELECT column1, column2, ...FROM table1JOIN table2 ON condition;14.外连接SELECT column1, column2, ...FROM table1LEFT JOIN table2 ON condition;SELECT column1, column2, ...FROM table1RIGHT JOIN table2 ON condition;15.独立查询FROM table1WHERE EXISTS (SELECT column FROM table2 WHERE condition);16.分组查询SELECT column1, aggregate_function(column2)FROM table_nameWHERE conditionGROUP BY column1;17.排名查询SELECT column1, column2, ..., RANK( OVER (ORDER BY column DESC)FROM table_name;以上是一些数据库SQL经典语句，覆盖了创建、插入、查询、更新、删除、索引、表结构修改、聚合函数、连接表、子查询、内连接、外连接、独立查询、分组查询、排名查询等常见的操作语言。

sql语句的书

sql语句的书
关于SQL语句的书籍有很多，下面推荐几本经典的书籍：
《SQL基础教程》（第二版）
作者：株式会社英美社
译者：齐俊伟
这本书是入门SQL的经典之作，从基本的查询语句开始，深入到存储过程、触发器等进阶内容。

通过丰富的示例和清晰的解释，帮助读者快速掌握SQL的基础知识和核心技能。

《SQL必知必会》（第四版）
作者：Ben Forta
译者：钟伟
这本书是学习SQL的畅销之作，从数据检索、数据操作、数据定义等方面介绍了SQL的基本语法和常用命令。

通过简洁的语言和实用的练习，帮助读者快速掌握SQL的实用技能。

《深入浅出SQL》
作者：C.J. Date
译者：王海鹏
这本书是深入学习SQL的经典之作，从SQL语言的发展历程、关系模型理论等方面进行了深入的探讨。

通过丰富的示例和深入的解释，帮助读者深入理解SQL的原理和核心概念。

《SQL进阶教程》
作者：米泽弘昌
译者：李劲
这本书是进阶学习SQL的经典之作，从性能优化、存储过程、事务处理等方面介绍了SQL 的高级技术和应用技巧。

通过丰富的示例和详细的解释，帮助读者深入了解SQL的高级特性和最佳实践。

以上书籍都是学习SQL的经典之作，可以根据自己的需求选择适合自己的书籍进行学习。

sql语句经典例题

sql语句经典例题以下是几个经典的SQL语句示例，用于演示不同的查询和操作：1. 查询所有员工的信息：```sqlSELECT * FROM employees;```2. 查询特定员工的详细信息：```sqlSELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;```3. 查询员工的工资，按工资降序排列：```sqlSELECT employee_id, salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC;```4. 查询工资高于平均工资的员工信息：```sqlSELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);```5. 插入一条新员工记录：```sqlINSERT INTO employees (employee_id, name, salary) VALUES (2, 'John Doe', 5000);```6. 更新特定员工的工资：```sqlUPDATE employees SET salary = 6000 WHERE employee_id = 1; ```7. 删除特定员工记录：```sqlDELETE FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 2;```8. 查询所有销售部门的员工信息：```sqlSELECT * FROM employees WHERE department = 'Sales';```9. 查询工资高于平均工资的销售部门员工信息：```sqlSELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department = 'Sales');```以上就是关于sql语句经典例题的介绍，欢迎补充。