英汉翻译第十讲练习
英汉语言对比第十讲
第十讲
第四章英汉宾语对比
英汉宾语的位置一样吗？
They play football.
他们踢足球。
但是，英汉语都有一些各自特有的句型和结构。
一、汉语中某些动词与宾语的搭配非常灵活。
翻译为英语：
吃饭：have a meal 吃一点儿eat a little
其余均作状语处理
Eat with a large bowl 工具状语
Eat in the cantee 地点状语
Eat once 频率状语
A pot of rice ban be eaten by 10 people. 状语
Eat a meal for ten dollars 状语
Eat on social security 方式状语
二、英语中也有一些独特的动宾搭配
Bow one’s thanks
Dream a wonderful dream
Sit the child on the chair
Pencil a letter
本章重点：英语同源宾语、特殊的动宾结构、汉语的把字句、英汉宾语表达形式上的差异
第一节同源宾语
这种语法现象在汉语中是空缺。翻译时按汉语的习惯来翻译。
She died a peaceful death. 动词+ 修饰词+同源宾语
They ought to be encouraged to think their own thought.
He breathed a painful breath.
He smiled a little smile and bowed a little bow.
He sighed a deep sigh, saying that he suffered a lot when he was young. He nodded a nod full of a fervent(热烈的) kiss. 修饰语后置
英汉翻译教程 张培基 课后练习及答案
• 十、 试译下列各句，将斜体的形容词转译成名词： • 1. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. • 他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。 • 2. M. Gorky had deep sympathy for the insulted and the injured. • 高尔基对受侮辱的和受伤害的人有深厚的同情心。 • 3. All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away. • 全体伤员被立即送进医院去了。
to see if a fleet was being assembled there.
• 我总是先飞临塞浦路斯上空，打开摄影机，侦查在那儿是否有 舰队集结。
• 八、 试译下列各句，将斜体的动词转译成名词： • 1． The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two. • 登陆的目的是要把该半岛一切为二。 • 2． The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. • 海军现在摆下了阵势，保卫太平洋和大西洋。 • 3． On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China. • 他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第十单元 目的句视译
3. We eat to live; we should not live to eat. 【笔译】 我们吃是为了活着，不应该是活着为了 吃。 【视译】 人们吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为 了吃饭而已。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 英文里泛指人时常用people、one、 you、we 之类的，而中文却常用“人 们”、“我们”，却很少使用意指读者 的“你们”，但在演讲时却比较常用 “你们”， 这是因为汉语语境习惯的 不同。所以，英文语意泛指的we 翻译 成中文的“人们”会更易懂、便利。
【视译】 已有不少书籍试图论证飞碟来自外太空。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 笔译版本没有进行去原语化处理，会使 听众感到费解，这是经验不足的视译译 员经常情不自禁会犯的错误，原因是转 换时间短暂，来不及去掉原语思维， 可 见多加练习的必要性。此句也可以翻译 成“试图论证飞碟来自外太空的书籍已不 鲜见”。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例段）
1. Soaring labor costs in the eastern coastal area 东部沿海地区劳动力成本正在大幅度上升，迫 are pushing enterprises, both domestic and foreign, 使该地区的中外资企业纷纷把自己的工厂搬迁到劳 to move manufacturing capacity into central and 动力成本相对低廉的中西部。
英语翻译练习
]《中国人最容易犯的英汉翻译错误》－1
一个词变成一个句
著名翻译家奈达说，“翻译就是翻译意思”。言外之意，翻译一句话不能逐一翻译一串个别的单词，也不是翻译某种句子结构。初学翻译的人之所以译得不好，就是因为摆脱不了原文各个单词和句子结构的影响，总觉得英语中每一个词译成汉语都是一个词。殊不知，为了说明原文的意思，有时候要将一个词译成几个词，乃至一个短句。这就是翻译中对某些词的…增益‟。
例如，英语中有些单词相当于汉语的一个词组：read“看书”，drive“开车”，giggle“咯咯地笑”，s tumble“蹒跚而行”，等等。这些相对而言还比较简单，一般英汉词典上都能查得到。
再如，英语句子中有大量的“副词＋动词”的结构（副词也可能在动词之后）。在不少情况下这种结构可以译成汉语“副词＋动词”的偏正结构（汉语中副词修饰动词时只能放在动词之前），许多人往往用“……地”来译所有的英语副词，如：
（1）T hey were patiently lis tening to him. 他们在耐心地听他讲。
（2）He quickly s tood up. 他很快地站起来。
（3）I will gladly join you in the work. 我会乐意地和你一起工作。
这三句中都用了“地”字结构，第一句还可以，后两句就显得有点“翻译腔”，“地”字似乎可以省去，可分别改译为：“他很快站起来”和“我乐意和你一起工作”。但是这三句中的副词和动词仍然译成了偏正结构，这是因为三句中的副词表示的是动作的方式。
但是，是不是英语中所有的这种结构都可以这么译呢？请大家考虑一下下面这一句应如何翻译：
英语专业英译汉 第十章.习语的翻译
习语翻译主要有: 直译法Literal translation 套译法Corresponding translation 释义法Explanation translation 意译法Free translation 在具体操作过程中，这几种方法是相互兼顾， 相互补充的。能直译的就直译，能意译的就意译， 能套译的就套译。以不损害原作的“异国情调” 为前提，以保持“原汁原味”为特色，便是译者 应遵循的翻译原则。
1 16 返回章重点退出 返回章重点退出
At breakfast, eat like a king. 早饭吃饱。 At lunch, eat like a prince. 中饭吃好。 At supper, eat like a pauper. 晚饭吃少。 Rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔（搬家不聚财）。 under the counter (table) 鬼鬼祟祟
1
17 返回章重点退出 返回章重点退出
The trouble is you’re too goodnatured and people take advantage of it. All lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse people who ask too much. 问题是你人太好，反被人欺，所谓“人 善被人欺，马善被人骑”，对于那些要求过 分的人要学会说“不”。
英汉翻译(10)定语从句的翻译
• Mr. John, for whom I was working was very generous about overtime payment.
• 我为琼斯先生工作，他对加班加点的报酬 很慷慨。
3）Translating Attributives with Adverbial Functions
• 一个真正的朋友，就好象一面磨光的镜子，它把我们的 面貌，不论好的，坏的， 都如实地反映出来。
• You may have read stories in which the hero gets into his spaceship and “blasts off” into the outer reaches of space without a worry about fuel.
• Rendered into a clause of cause • The strike would prevent the docking of
ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats. • 罢工会使远洋轮船不能靠岸，因为它们需要拖船 帮助。
• 他们知道，他们所参加的运动正在震撼世界，并把渴望自由和正义的 一切民族团结到自己的行列中来，团结到自己的进军中来。
《英译汉教程》 练习参考答案
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
英译汉教程
练习参考答案
连淑能
厦门大学教授、博导
Chapter 1 General Principles
Drills 1.3.1
(1) 1. 这对克服困难很有帮助。（go a long way towards something/doing something = help
greatly in [achieving] something, OALD 2002: 525;《新英汉词典》2000: 1577）
2. 趁你还年轻的时候，加油吧！/青春不再，趁早努力。（go it = act in a manner that is quicker,
more lively, impatient, etc., than is usual. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms1979: 130;《英汉大词典》1993: 740）
3. 我需要更多空闲的时间。（could do with something = need or want something, LDCE
1998: 435）
4. 这次失败促使他成功。（[the making of] = a means of gaining great improvement or
success, LDCE 1998: 918）
5. 我盼望在最后一刻可以挽救和平。（the eleventh hour = the very last moment, LDCE 1998:
478）
6.她对此事很了解。（know a thing or two [about somebody/something] = know a lot [about
英汉翻译教程
英汉翻译教程
张培基
第一讲翻译原则简介
一、教学目的：了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题
二、教学过程：
1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）
Translation is an art/ science/craft?
2．中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）：
严复：信达雅--- faithfulness/expressiveness/eleganc e. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.
傅雷：神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.
刘重德：信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.
3．中国翻译史上的论争：
鲁迅：宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。目的：引入英文句式的表达法
英汉视听口译第十讲
包含动宾关系的名词词组转换为动词
• 指的是：名词+介词+介词宾语 • The translation of the book这本书的翻译 • The examination of the samples 对样本的
检验
• Through the face-to-face exchange, the
two delegations had a better understanding of each other’s intentions and capabilities. • 笔译：通过面对面的沟通，两个代表团对 相互的意图和实力有了更好的了解。 • 视译：通过面对面的沟通，两个代表团更 好地了解了相互的意图和实力。
• Ladies and gentlemen, friends, good
morning. It's a great pleasure to meet you, friends from the press. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China came to a successful conclusion yesterday. During the past week, you have extensively covered the Party congress and let the world hear China's voice. On behalf of the secretariat of the 18th Party Congress, I wish to express our sincere thanks to you for your
商务翻译(英译汉)Unit 10 China’s Big Plan
【Translation】
After years of prospering as the world’s workshop, China now wants to be its laboratory as well. “Innovation” has become a national buzzword, and Chinese leaders have been tossing it into their speeches since the beginning of the year, when President Hu Jintao started an ambitious campaign to drive China’s economy further up the value chain. In launching their “National Medium- and Long-Term Programme for Scientific and Technological Development （2006-2020）”, Mr Hu, chairman Wen Jiabao, the Prime Minister, and other top officials have vowed to spend more on science and technology, and to insist on business reforms. Their goal is to move China beyond its dependence on natural resources and cheap labour, and stake its place among the economies that depend on education and information technology.
英汉翻译简纲及练习
• • • • • • • • •
3. 按翻译材料的文体分类： 按翻译材料的文体分类： 应用文体翻译， 科技文体翻译，论述文体翻译，新闻 文体翻译，艺术文体翻译 4. 按处理方式分类： 按处理方式分类： 全译 节译 摘译 编译 译述 节译指对原文进行局部的删节性翻译。 摘译指译者根据需要，摘取原文的中心内容或内容梗 概。 编译指译者把一个或甚至几个稳步的相关内容进行编 辑加工，根据要求作出概述性的传译。 译述最为灵活，一般指译者仅仅表达出原文的主要内 容或大意，而不必拘泥于原文的论述格式或语言表现。 以上五种以全译是用最多，也是其他处理方式的基础， 本课程主要讲述这种处理方式。
• 综合各家之言，我们尝试给翻译下一个 定义： • 翻译是一种把语言表达的意义用另一种 语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感﹑ 传播文化知识﹑促进社会文明，特别是 推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
第一章：翻译概述 第一章：翻译概述——翻译的分类 翻译的分类
2. Scope of Translation 1. 按所涉及的语言分类： 按所涉及的语言分类： • • 语内翻译（intralingual translation）和语际翻 译（interlingual translation） 语内翻译：即同一语言的各个语言变体之间的 翻译，如把方言译成民族共同语，把古代语译 成现代语，把诗歌译成散文等活动； 语际翻译：指不同语言之间的翻译活动，如英 译汉﹑汉译英﹑法译德等。我们常说的翻译， 都是指语际翻译。
定语从句的译法
译成独立句
• • • • 与主干分开，译成一个独立的汉语句子。 She is reading a novel, the name of which I don’t know. 她在看一本小说。书名我不知道。 He had talked to the Vice-President, who
assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
• •
wenku.baidu.com
融合法
• 融合法是指把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起 译成一个独立句子的一种翻译方法。由于限制性定 语从句与主句关系密切，所以融合法比较适用于翻 译限制性定语从句。英语中的there be 结构往往 就是这样处理的。 1．There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 2．There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。
第十讲 定语从句的译法
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性 定语从句。
对于限制性限制性定语从句一般采用前置法、 后置法和融合法， 而对于非限制性定语从句可以采用前置法、 后置法或译成独立句。
一、限制性定语从句
前置法
• 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限 制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号 分开。尤其是一些较短的、结构比较简 单的从句，没有它主句的意思就不会完 整、不明确。翻译时，可以按照汉语定 语前置的习惯将其译成带“的”的名词 短语，放在先行词的前面，将复合句译 成汉语的单句。
英汉翻译练习
English-Chinese Translation
英汉翻译
2014~2015春季学期
By Belinda
Chapter One
I.Brief Introduction to the course
1.Aims:
The course is aimed at providing opportunities for non-English majors in Honghe University to learn the basic principles and techniques of E-C and C-E translation. The principles will include knowledge about the nature of translation, the functions and theirs of language, linguistic and communication theories in translation and the competence of a translator. In learning the techniques of translation, the students will mainly work on the analysis of a text, word meanings in context, the process of translation, feasibility of literal translation and expression in idiomatic Chinese and English.
1-5：英汉互译实践与技巧 (课堂PPT)
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
校正：
1. 对原作理解的错误； 2. 原作词句或段落的漏译； 3. 译文中措辞不当之处或错别字； 4. 译文语句不通顺的地方； 5. 人名、地名、日期、数字、专有名词等方面的误
译； 6. 译文的格式是否合乎规范； 7. 译文的标点符号和其他专用符号使用是否正确； 8. 是否应添加必要的注释，等等。
16源自文库
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
表达：
1. Context 2. Avoid translationese 翻译腔
所谓“翻译腔”是指译文表达不流畅,似通非通, 不地道,诘屈聱牙,给人“怪怪的”感觉,简单地 说,就是汉译出现“欧化”(Europeanized)现象而 英译出现“汉化”(Chinglish)现象 例：--照搬词典的释义,望词生义
She then uncrossed her legs. 她于是使她的腿不交叉。
于是她收起二郎腿。
17
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
怎样避免：
1. 具有端正的翻译态度 2. 正确使用工具书 3. 了解英汉语主要差别 4. 掌握必要的翻译技巧 5. 培养跨文化意识
英汉翻译第十讲练习
第十讲练习
将下列各句译成中文。
1.We have received your letter of June 9, enquiring about the best terms of the goods.
2.Y our early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly. appreciated.
3.Pursuant to your request, we are airmailing you two copies of our latest price-list covering various minerals.
4.We could not deliver the total quantity by one shipment. Since this was unforeseen, we hereby request you to amend the L/C by deleting the special clause “partial shipment not allowed.”
5.All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side.
6.Upon first presentation the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
英汉互译-10
8. 增补介词 • 汉语中不需要用介词的地方，译成英语时 常常需要增补介词。因此在汉译英时，增 补介词的情况是屡见不鲜的。例如： • 公共场所不准吸烟。 • Smoking is prohibited in public places. • 你是白天工作还是夜间工作? • Do you work in the daytime or at night?
Translation
16
• • • •
酒醉智昏 When wine is in, wit is out. 物极必反 Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. • 欲盖弥彰 • The more one tries to hide, the more one is exposed.
Translation
12
• 他走进屋来，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通 红。 • He entered the room, his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.
Translation
13
5. 增补并列连词 • 汉语语言精练，很少使用并列连词，但译 为英语时，需要增补并列连词。 • 男女老少都参加了战斗。 • Men and women，old and young，all joined in the battle. • 你干吗不去问他? • Why don’t you go and ask him about it?
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第十讲练习
将下列各句译成中文。
have received your letter of June 9, enquiring about the best terms of the goods.
early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly. appreciated.
to your request, we are airmailing you two copies of our latest price-list covering various minerals.
could not deliver the total quantity by one shipment. Since this was unforeseen, we hereby request you to amend the L/C by deleting the special clause “partial shipment not allowed.” expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side. first presentation the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
the event the Buyer does not furnish the seller with shipping instructions on or be-fore August 17,2007,the Seller may at his option cancel this contract and demand the Buyer to pay any damages he has sustained on account of such failure of the Buyer to give such instructions.
dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Contract, or the breach ,termination or invalidity thereof,
shall be settled through amicable negotiation, the case shall then be submitted for arbitration. The location of arbitration shall be in the country of the domicile of the defendant.
any change is required regarding the terms and conditions of this Agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided that any change of this Agreement shall be subject to the approval by the Canadian Government.
by draft payable 90days after sight, documents against acceptance.
1.贵方六月九号关于询盘该物品优惠条件的信函已收到。
2.如蒙贵方早日答复我方具体询价，将不胜感激。
3.依照您的要求，我方将最近两份复制版的多种矿石价目表空邮给您。
4.我方将无法一次性运完所有货品。由于此情况不可预见，我方在此请求贵方删除许可证的相关内容，即“禁止分批运输”。
5.此后发生的一切风险与开支均由贵方承担。
6.买方凭卖方开具的发票，见发票即付款并取走该发票。该发票为即期跟单类型。
7.若买方在2007年8月17日前未能向卖方发出运货通知，则卖方课自行决定取消该合同，并要求买方赔偿因取消合同对其造成的一切经济损失。
8.关于本合同以及由于本合同修改，终止或无效或者与之相关的争端，争议或索赔，应该通过友好协商解决。若无法通过友好协商解决，则应通过所在国的仲裁机构加以仲裁解决。
9.如果对本合同的条款进行修改，合同双方应该协商解决，但对协议修改的内容均必须通过加拿大政府批准方可生效。
10凭见票后90天内付款有效，承兑交单。
11.“Provisional Sum ” means a sum included in the Contract and so designated in the Bill of Quantities for the execution of work or the supply of goods, materials, or services, or for contingencies, which sum may be used, in whole or in part, or not at all, at the direction and discretion of the Engineer. Contractor shall, subject to the provisions of the Contract, and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the Works and provide all labor, including the supervision thereof, materials, constructional plant and all other things, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, required in and for such execution and maintenance. salary shall be paid and charged against the operating expenses, provided that the commission or brokerage of the Second Party shall be paid and charged as a part of the operating expenses.