精校word版----2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试化学试题word版
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末英语试题(解析版)
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）ALife experiences can show one's "grit"（坚韧）．Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions．Ursula Burns，Chairwoman，VEON；Former CEO，XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care．But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she would compete her way to the top．"I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，" she says．"Not a lot scares me．"Howard Schultz，Executive Chairman，StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn，surrounded by poverty，and was the first in his family to go to college （on a football scholarship）．After training in sales，he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks．"In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money，I spoke to 242 people，and 217 of them said no．" he said．Sean Combs，CEO，Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion．But his story could have turned out much differently：his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3．"It made me work even harder．" he recently said．Geisha Williams，CEO，PG&EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5．By 7，she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey．The experience did help her．"I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．" she told Fortune．1.Who did best in math at school？______A. Combs．B. Burns．C. Schultz．D. Williams．2.How did the death of Combs' father influence him？______A. It made him a failure．B. He became a drug dealer．C. It made him even stronger．D. He became a hip-hopper．3.What can we learn from the passage？______A. Cuba is a good place to do business．B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first．C. Poor family kids can be successful easily．D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward．【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】B【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据文章第三段中的But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox， where she would compete her way to the top．可知Burns在学校数学学的最好，因此答案选B．2．C．推理判断题．结合文章第七段中的 But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs 的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C．3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第五段中的最后一句话" "In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money， I spoke to 242 people， and 217of them said no．" he said，可以得知开始时几乎没有人想去帮助Schultz，因此答案选B，其他选项与文章内容不符．文章大意：生活经历可以显示一个人的"勇气"．生活中的复杂挑战帮助一个人培养出他的专业技能，接着作者列举出了四个人的事例．考查人生感悟类阅读理解．本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文中中心内容．答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据．对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案BDear Alcohol，You've been around forever．I can remember all the pain you've caused me．Do you remember the night when you almost took my father's life？I do．He loves you．Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me．He's addicted to you，to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them．You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars．He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night．Do you remember the night of my first high school party？My friends were intrigued by you．They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could．I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you．"I'm so embarrassed，" they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up．"I'm sorry，" they said when I called taxis for them，walking them out and paying the driver in advance．"This won't happen again，" they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped．Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you．Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson？Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car headon and killed two people in the other car？He died the next morning，too．His sister walked home from her dance lesson，and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio．She didn't realize her brother was among them at all．She never saw him again．And it was all your fault．I wish you'd walk out of my life forever．I don't want anything to do with you．Look at all the pain you've caused．Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time．But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is not excusable．Stop attracting the people I love! Stop hurting me，please!Sincerely，Me4.What did Alcohol do to the author's father that night？______A. It made him drunk and took his life away．B. It made him kill two other people when he was driving．C. It got him into a car accident and badly injured．D. It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped．5.The underlined phrase "were intrigued by" in Paragraph 3 probably means " ______ "．A. were interested inB. were satisfied withC. were familiar withD. were disappointed by6.What is the author's purpose of writing this letter？______A. To warn people not to drive after drinking．B. To persuade people to get away from alcohol．C. To tell people three sad stories about alcohol．D. To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol．7.How was the author feeling while writing this letter？______A. Shocked．B. Responsible．C. Disappointed．D. Sorrowful．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】D【解析】1．C．细节理解题：从第二段的句子：You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street，crashing into two other cars．He wasn't the only one hurt by you that night．可知酒精让作者的爸爸和另外的车相撞，严重受伤，选C．2．A．词义猜测题：；从第三段的句子：They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could．可以推断出作者的朋友对酒很感兴趣，选A3．B．写作意图题：从全文和最后一段的句子：Look at all the pain you've caused．Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time．But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable．可知作者写这封信是为了说明酒精给人们多么大的伤害，让读者远离酒精；故选B．4．D．推理判断题．根据第一段You've been around forever．I can remember all the pain you've caused me可知作者在写这封信时是悲伤的；故选D．这篇文章是一封书信，作者用拟人化的手法，写信给酒精，痛诉它给人们带来的伤害，希望它远离自己的生活，不要再伤害周围的人了阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．CWorking up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare - the man has nearly 1，500 valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards．Mr．Plastic Fantastic - a title given to him by Guinness World Records - is also the proud owner of the world's longest wallet，which can hold about 800 cards．But he uses it only to carry a few cards，while the rest are safely kept in bank safedeposit boxes．Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s．"One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，" he said．" I got 143 cards by the end of the year，and my friend gathered 138．" After winning that bet，Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection．He got credit cards from gas stations，airlines，bars，and even ice cream stores．If there's one card missing from Cavanagh's collection，it's that from the Newberry Company．They repulsed his application for a card in the early 1970s，even though he'd collected over 100 by then．They said he had too much credit．Therefore，so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection．Cavanagh hasn't stopped applying for new cards - he's held the Guinness Record since 1971 and has no intention of letting go of it．He copies whole pages from a U．S．directory ofbusinesses and keeps sending applications．If he receives a rejection，he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition．But he doesn't count useless cards in his total collection．Thanks to all the cards to his name，Cavanagh has access to about ＄1.7 million at any moment．Despite this privilege，he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score．The 72-year-old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share："Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months．If you don't have the discipline，you shouldn't have the cards．"8.Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he ______ ．A. owned a very long walletB. made a bet with his friendC. wanted to create a Guinness RecordD. was treated to dinner by his friend．9.What does the underlined word "repulsed" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？______A. Rejected．B. Recalled．C. Repeated．D. Recognized．10.What do the underlined words "the discipline" in the last paragraph probably refer to？______A. Having many cards to your own name．B. Buying things by card and paying off in time．C. Managing to own more privileges for your card．D. Using a card to buy things as many times as possible．11.What do we know about Cavanagh's cards？______A. Some of them are useless．B. They are safely kept in his long wallet．C. They have brought him fame and privilege．D. Fewer new cards are added to his collections．【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】C【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据第二段中的"Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s．‘ One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect more credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，'he said．"可知，自从跟朋友打赌后，Cavanagh就开始收集信用卡了．结合选项，故选B．2．A．词义猜测题．根据第三段中的"They said he had too much credit．Therefore，so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection．"可知，Cavanagh没Newberry Company的卡，表明他的申请被拒绝了．结合选项，故选A．3．B．词义猜测题．根据最后一段中的"Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months．"可知，Cavanagh建议人们：如果几个月内无法偿还信用贷款，那最好别用信用卡购物．结合选项，故选B．4．C．推理判断题．根据第一段中的"holds the Guinness World Record for the most credit cards"及倒数第二段中"Despite this privilege"可知，Cavanagh收藏的信用卡给他带来名声并且使他享有一些特权．结合选项，故选C．文章讲述了Walter Cavanagh拥有将近1500张信用卡，信用额度高达170万美元，创下世界纪录．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．DStanding on one leg is a simple way to assess someone's risk of suffering a stroke （中风），suggests a new study．Researchers have found struggling to balance on one leg for 20 seconds or longer is linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel （血管）damage in the brain and reduced thinking ability in otherwise healthy people with no symptoms．"Our study found the ability to balance on one leg is an important test for brain health．Individuals showing poor balance on one leg should receive increased attention，as this may indicate an increased risk of brain diseases and cognitive （认知的）decline，" said Dr Tabara，a professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan．The study，published in the journal Stroke，consisted of 841 women and 546 men，with an average age of 67．To measure onelegged standing time，they stood with their eyes open and raised one leg．The maximum time for keeping the leg raised was 60 seconds．The participants performed the examination twice and the better of the two times was used in the study analysis．The researchers found that the inability to balance on one leg for longer than 20seconds was associated with brain diseases without symptoms．Overall，those with brain diseases were older and had high blood pressure than those who did not have such diseases．Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score．Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke，this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health．Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age．12.Dr Tabara suggested that one who couldn't stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds______ ．A. try to improve his physical abilitiesB. receive medical treatment for brain diseasesC. be given special attention to prevent accidentsD. be examined for other symptoms of brain diseases13.Which of the following factors might decrease onelegged standing time according to thetext？______a．Heart diseases．b．Cognitive decline．c．High blood pressure．d．The aging process．e．Brain diseases．A. a，b，dB. a，c，dC. b，c，eD. b，d，e14.What can we learn about the study from the fourth paragraph？______A. It was led by Dr Tabara．B. It included more than 1，300 people．C. It examined people of different age groups．D. It required the participants to close their eyes first．15.Which of the following might be the best title for the text？______A. Overall Brain Health Deserves Close AttentionB. Brain Diseases Without Symptoms Require AttentionC. Can't Stand on One Leg？You May Be at Risk of StrokeD. Can't Keep Your Balance？You May Have Brain Damage【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】C【解析】答案：1-4 CDBC1．C 细节理解题．根据第二段可知，研究发现单腿站立时间不超过20秒的人可能有更大的得脑部血管疾病的风险；根据第三段第二句可知，Tabara教授建议单腿站立平衡性差的人应当受到更多的关注，因为这类人患脑部疾病和认知能力下降的风险很大．故选C．2．D．理解推断题．根据倒数第二段Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score．Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke，this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health．单腿站立的时间越短，认知得分越低，尽管先前的研究已经检查了体能和中风的风险之间的联系，这是第一批深入研究单腿站立的时间长短的研究之一，以此作为大脑整体健康状况的指标．倒数第一段Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age．Tabara 博士和他的研究小组还发现，单腿站立困难与年龄增长之间存在密切联系，因此与认知、大脑健康、年龄有关，故选D．3．B 细节理解题．根据第四段第一句中的consisted of 841 women and 546 men可知，这项研究共有1，387人参与，故选B．4．C 标题概括题．本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短，研究人员能够推断出其患中风风险的大小，故选C．一项新研究发现，通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短能够推断出其患中风风险的大小以及认知能力是否下降．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Americans use many expressions with the word dog．People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．(1) ．However，dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life．The expression，to lead a dog's life，describes a person who has an unhappy life．Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．(2) ．They say if a person wants to be successful he has to work like a dog．This means they have to work very，very hard．Such hard work can make people dog-tired．And，the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog．(3) ．This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．To be successful，people often have to learn new skills．Yet，some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks．They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things．(4) ．People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want．But mean dogs are often used guard this property．They bark or attack people who try to enter the property．However，sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad．We say his bark is worse than his bite．Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．The dog days of summer are the hottestdays of the year．A rain in summer may cool the weather．But we do not want it to rain too hard．(5) ．A．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．B．Still，people say every dog has its day．C．Some people are compared to dogs in bad days．D．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore．E．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people．F．That means many people are competing for the same things，like good jobs．G．They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G【答案】【小题1】G 【小题2】F 【小题3】B 【小题4】C 【小题5】A 【解析】GFBCA1．G．文章衔接题．根据前文People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．可知美国的人们爱他们的狗，善待它们．G项：They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．他们带着狗出去散步，让它们在外面玩耍，给它们提供良好的食物和医疗保健．符合文意，故选G．2．F．语境辨析题．根据前文Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．可知有些人说我们生活在一个"狗咬狗"的世界里．F项：That means many people are competing for the same things， like good jobs．这意味着许多人都在为同样的事情而竞争，比如好的工作．符合文意，故选F．3．B．联系下文题．根据后文This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．可知这意味着每个人在一生中都享有一个成功的时期．B项：Still，people say every dog has its day．尽管如此，人们还是说每只狗都有自己的一天．符合文意，故选B．4．C．段落理解题．根据后文People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．可知不友善或漠不关心的人可以被形容为比垃圾场的狗更卑鄙．C 项：Some people are compared to dogs in bad days．有些人在糟糕的日子里被比作狗．符合文意，故选C．5．A．联系上文题．根据本段首句Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．可知狗的表情也用来描述天气．A项：We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．我们不希望它下猫狗雨．符合文意，故选A．本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍美国人使用许多带有字的表达方式．就此作者给出了一些与dog有关的英语短语并解释了这些短语的意思以及使用语境．完成七选五阅读时，我们可以从关联词上查找答案．由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索．在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来．三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）I had not yet had the opportunity to do work experience．Therefore，I was (21) to start it．I was a little nervous(22)，but everybody was so friendly and welcoming that I felt at ease (23)．My first (24)was to help with checking if the website links，telephone numbers and addresses were (25)on the website．I also learned how to construct the weekly newsletter that is(26)each Friday to all registered members．During my work (27)，the staff were always attentive and ready to (28)，which really made me understand how to work (29)at the job I was doing．I also feel that I have become more (30)and confident with learning new skills，being punctual and (31)according to the dress code （着装标准）．I would advise anyone(32)to do work experience to be on time and willing to learn new skills needed for an office (33)．I can also say that although you will initially feel (34)about your first day in work experience，(35) you have become familiar with your job and the staff，you will soon feel a part of the (36)．I have thoroughly (37)my experience and I am very grateful to all the staff for giving me the opportunity to work at their office and for making me feel (38)．In conclusion，I would (39)everybody to undertake work experience-it is an excellent way to (40) skills and experience of a work environment and will make you feel more confident for future careers．21. A. eager B. confident C. patient D. scared22. A. after all B. at first C. more or less D. now and then23. A. frequently B. eventually C. immediately D. occasionally24. A. plan B. dream C. task D. attempt25. A. correct B. elegant C. smooth D. steady26. A. turned over B. given away C. passed on D. sent out27. A. absence B. interview C. application D. experience28. A. help B. cheer C. accuse D. scold29. A. regularly B. effectively C. comfortably D. quickly30. A. satisfied B. popular C. familiar D. reasonable31. A. analyzing B. dressing C. designing D. trading32. A. affording B. wishing C. bothering D. happening33. A. equipment B. building C. decoration D. environment34. A. curious B. concerned C. nervous D. crazy35. A. once B. before C. since D. as36. A. team B. country C. job D. family37. A. ignored B. enjoyed C. forgotten D. started38. A. awful B. energetic C. awkward D. welcome39. A. order B. force C. demand D. recommend40. A. learn B. require C. acquire D. master【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】C 【小题5】A 【小题6】D 【小题7】D 【小题8】A 【小题9】B 【小题10】C 【小题11】B 【小题12】B 【小题13】D 【小题14】C 【小题15】A 【小题16】A 【小题17】B 【小题18】D 【小题19】D 【小题20】C【解析】1--5ABCCA 6---10． DDABC 11--15． BBDCA 16---20． ABDDC 1．A．考查形容词辨析．A 热切的；B 有自信的；C有耐心的；D 就坐的．根据前文中我还没来得及有做工作的经验，因为我很渴望开始这项工作，故选A．2．B．考查固定短语辨析．A 毕竟；B 首先；C 或多或少；D 偶尔，不时地．根据前文因为没有做过这项工作，所以开始的时候有点紧张，故选B．3．C．考查副词辨析．A频繁地；B 最终；C立刻；D 偶尔．根据句意每一个人都很友好和热情，所以我立刻感觉很放松．故选C．4．C．考查名词辨析．A 计划；B梦；C 任务；D尝试．因为是工作，所以应该是第一个任务，故选C．5．A．考查形容词辨析．A 正确的；B 优雅的；C 平滑的；D 牢固的．检查的是网站的电话号码地址等是否正确，所以选A．6．D．考查短语辨析．A 翻转；B 泄露；C 传递下去；D 送出，寄出．每周五发给所有注册会员的通讯．所以选D．7．D．考查名词辨析．A 缺席；B 采访；C 申请；D 经历．在我的工作经历中，工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．所以答案选D．8．A．考查动词辨析．A 帮助；B 为…喝彩；C 指控，谴责；D 责备．在我的工作经历中，工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．所以选A．9．B．考查副词辨析．A 规则地；B 高效地；C 舒服地；D 快速地．工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．这使得我理解如何高效地工作，所以选B．10．C．考查形容词辨析．A感到满意的；B 流行的，受欢迎的；C 熟悉的；D 合理的．对于新的东西应该是熟悉了，所以选C．11．B．考查动词辨析．A 分析；B 打扮；C 设计；D 贸易．根据后文中的着装标准，前文一定是进行着装，所以答案选B．12．B．考查动词辨析．A 担负的起；B 希望，祝愿；C 打扰；D 发生．我想给那些希望准时做好工作并乐于学习所需的新技能的人，所以答案选B．13．D．考查名词辨析．A设备；B 建筑，大楼；C 装饰；D 环境．根据语境应该是想学习办公室环环境需要的新技能，所以答案选D．14．C．考查形容词辨析．A 好奇的；B 关心的；C 紧张的；D 疯狂的．根据下文句子：your first day in work experience，你有工作经历的第一天，所以应该是紧张的，故选C．15．A．考查连词．A 一旦；B 在…之前；C 既然；D 因为．分析句子可知本句是一个时间状语从句，一旦你熟悉了你的工作和员工，所以选A．16．A．考查名词辨析．A 团队；B 国家；C 工作；D 家庭．因为是在工作中，所以应该是工作团队中的一员．故选A．17．B．考查动词辨析．A 忽略，不理睬；B 喜欢；C 忘记；D 开始．根据后文作者的描述非常感激员工，可见作者现在已经很喜欢自己的工作经历，所以选B．18．D．考查形容词辨析．A 可怕的；B 充满活力的；C 难对付的；D 受欢迎的．我的工友们让我感觉到很受欢迎，所以选D．19．D．考查名词辨析．A 命令；B 武力；C 要求；D 推荐．根据语境可知此处作者要推荐给那些承担工作经验的那些人，所以答案选D．20．C．考查动词辨析．A 学习；B 要求；C学得，获得；D 精通，熟练．这是获得工作环境技能和经验的好方法，而且会让你对未来的职业更有信心．所以选C．作者通过自己第一次工作经历，虽然有点紧张不怎么自信，但是在新的环境中适应的很好，想提醒大家，工作经验是获得工作环境技能和经验的好方法，而且会让你对未来的职业更有信心．近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完型填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing (1)（popular）in the international world of high fashion．The name "cheongsam" (2) （mean）simply "long dress" entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province．In other parts of the country including Beijing，however，it (3) （know）as "qipao"，which has a history behind it．After the early Manchu（满族的）rulers came to China，the Manchu women wore (4) （normal）a onepiece dress which came to be called"qipao"．(5) the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty，the female dress survived the political change and，with later improvements，has become the traditional dress for Chinese women．The cheongsam，(6) neck is high，collar closed，fits well the Chinese female figure，and its sleeves may be either short，medium or full (7) （long），depending on seasons or tastes．In addition，it is not too complicated (8) （make）．Nor (9) it need too much material．Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either (10) casual or formal occasions．In either case，it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm，elegance and neatness．【答案】【小题1】popularity【小题2】meaning【小题3】is known【小题4】normally【小题5】Although/Though/While【小题6】whose【小题7】length【小题8】to make【小题9】does【小题10】on【解析】1．popularity 考查名词．enjoy是及物动词，后接名词作宾语．故填popularity．2．meaning 考查现在分词．分析句子结构可知此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语，相当于定语从句"which means…"．故填meaning．3．is known，考查被动，主语是it，而且是一般现在时，be known as：作为…被熟知，故填is known．4．normally 考查副词．wear是动词，要用副词形式来修饰动词．故填normally．5．Although/Though/While 考查连词．句意：尽管1911年的辛亥革命结束了清朝的统治，但旗袍在这次政治变革中被保留了下来…．用连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句．故填Although/Though/While．6．whose 考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词cheongsam在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose．7．length 考查名词．根据句意：（旗袍的）袖子可以是短袖，中袖，也可是长袖．"length"表达表达"长度"之意，故填length．8．to make 考查特殊句型．too…to…句型为"too+形容词或副词+to do…"译为"太…而不能…"，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的，to do 不定式应用主动形式表示被动含义．故填to make．9．does 考查倒装句．上句话提到的情况同样适合下文的人或物，为了避免和上文的内容重复，英语习惯用so，neither/nor引导的倒装句．so引导的倒装句表示肯定，neither/nor 引导的倒装句表示否定，其时态与前一句时态保持一致，上下文陈述的不是同一人或事物．根据文中时态应用一般现在时，且句子主语为第三人称单数形式，用does．10．on 考查介词．表示"在…场合"时，用短语on…occasions．故填介词on．本文主要介绍旗袍．旗袍是独具中国特色的女性服饰，在高端时尚的国际世界中日益流行．上身容易，穿着舒适，旗袍特别适合中国女性的身材．它的好处在于可以使用多种材质，并以不同长度制作，因此在休闲和正式场合都可穿着．对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．There are many people think that wealth is better than health．I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce．He was an European billionaire who go t everything he wanted． Therefore， in the last twenty years of his life， his health be gan to get worse and he led a miserably life．Although the best doctors called for him， he could still find no relief．I have realized that health is worth all the money in the wo rld．If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do．So I would like to advise you not to hur t yourself to trying to make money．Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do． Health is more important．【答案】There are many people think that wealth is better than health．I used to think so until one day Ihad read a story about Howard Joyce．He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted．Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life．Although the best doctors ∧called for him，he could still find no relief．I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world．If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do．So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money．Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do．Health is more important．1．将think改为thinking或think前加who．考查现在分词或定语从句．根据句子结构分析，There are many people 为完整句子，此处用现在分词thinking表主动关系作后置定语，或者在think前加who构成定语从句，先行词为people，在从句作主语，指人用关系代词who，故将think改为thinking或think前加who．2．去掉had．考查动词时态．根据句子结构分析，由one day可知此处应该用一般过去时，故去掉had．3．将an改为a．考查冠词．根据European单词首字母发音可知是辅音，故此处不定冠词应该用a，故将an改为a．4．将Therefore改为However．考查副词．根据前后句意可知，他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，但在他生命的最后二十年里，他的健康开始恶化，他过着悲惨的生活．此处表达转折关系，故将Therefore改为However．5．将miserably改为miserable．考查形容词．根据句子结构分析，修饰后面名词life应。
安徽省黄山市2018-2019学年高二上学期期末考试历史试题Word版含答案
黄山市2018－2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二历史试题第Ⅰ卷第Ⅱ卷总分题号1—25 26 27 28得分本试卷分两部分，第Ⅰ卷选择题，第Ⅱ卷非选择题。
满分100分，考试时间为100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷选择题一、选择题（24小题，每题2分，共48分）1．子曰：“周监于二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾从周。
”下列选项中能体现对西周制度概括的是( ) A．分封制度，天下归帝B．宗法制度，天下归嫡C．井田制度，天下归私D．礼乐制度，天下归贤2．“春初砍山，众木尽噘。
至当种时，伺有雨候，则前一夕灭之，借其灰以粪。
明日雨作，乘热下种，即苗盛倍收。
”这种耕作方式开始被取代是在( )A．商代B．西周C．春秋战国D．西汉3．唐代诗人王建曾作诗描写当时汴州的商业：“水门向晚茶商闹，桥市通宵酒客行。
”从诗句中能得到的信息是( )①汴州的草市在当时非常繁荣②汴州是当时全国的经济中心③汴州的夜市很具特色④汴州的水路交通很发达A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①④4．“(元代)其总政务者曰中书省，秉兵柄者曰枢密院，司黜陟者曰御史台……在外者，则有行省……其牧民者，则曰路，曰府，曰州，曰县。
于是一代之制始备，百年之间，子孙有所凭藉矣。
”据此材料，史家认为的“元承宋制”表现为( )A．中书省与行省制B．中书省和枢密院C．枢密院与宣政院D．行省制与御史台5．下表为中国1957—1961年从业人员统计表。
下列无法从该表中提取的历史信息有( )时间从业人员(万人) 第一产业从业人员比例第二产业从业人员比例1957年23771 81．23% 9．01%1958年26660 58．23% 60%1959年26173 62．17% 64%1960年25880 65．75% 89%1961年25590 77．17% 11．16%①中国第二产业从业人数持续上升②中国人迫切想要改变经济落后的面貌③中国从落后农业国成为先进工业国④三大改造实现生产关系的根本变革A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④6．下列示意图最有可能反映的是西欧( )A．世俗王权的演变 B．资产阶级力量的变化C．教会势力的演变 D．市民阶层力量的变化7．托克维尔在《论美国的民主》一书中写到：“美国不仅是一个共和国，而且是一个联邦。
精校word版----2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试英语试题Word版
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
答案应写在答题卷上，不能答在试题卷上。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ALife experiences can show one’s “grit”(坚韧). Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions.Ursula Burns, Chairwoman, VEON; Former CEO, XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care. But Burns’ early gift for maths won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox, where she would compete her way to the top. “ I’m a black lady from the Lower East Side,” she says, “Not a lot scares me.”Howard Schultz, Executive Chairman, StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn, surrounded by poverty, and was the first in his family to go to college (on a football scholarship). After training in sales, he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks. “In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money, I spoke to 242 people, and 217 of them said no.” he said.Sean Combs, CEO, Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion. But his story could have turned out much differently: His drug dealer father was killed when he was 3. “It made me work even harder.” he recently said.Geisha Williams, CEO, PG&EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5. By 7, she was her parents main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned.The experience did help her. “I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something mu ch bigger.” she told Fortune.21. Who did best in math at school?A. Combs.B. Burns.C. Schultz.D. Williams.22. How did the death of Combs’ father influence him?A. It made him a failure.B. He became a drug dealer.C. It made him even stronger.D. He became a hip-hopper.23. What can we learn from the passage?A. Cuba is a good place to do business.B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first.C. Poor family kids can be successful easily.D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward.BDear Alcohol，You’ve been around forever. I can remember all the pain you’ve caused me.Do you remember the night when you almost took my father’s life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He’s addicted to you，to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them.You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars. He wasn’t the only one badly hurt by you that night.Do you remember the night of my first high school party? My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could.I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you. “I’m so embarrassed,” they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up. “I’m sorry,” they said when I called taxis for them，walking them out and paying the driver in advance. “This won’t happen again,” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stom achs pumped.Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you.Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car head-on and killed two people in the other car? He died the next morning, too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson，and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. Sh e didn’t realize her brother was among them at all. She never saw him again. And it was all your fault.I wish you’d walk out of my life forever. I don’t want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you’ve made people happy too f rom time to time. But the damage you’ve caused in the lives of millions is not excusable. Stop attracting the people I love! Stop hurting me, please!Sincerely，Me24. What did Alcohol do to the author’s father that night?A. It made him drunk and took his life away.B. It made him kill two other people when he was driving.C. It got him into a car accident and badly injured.D. It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped.25. The underlined phrase “were intrigued by” in Paragraph 3 probably means“”.A. were interested inB. were satisfied withC. were familiar withD. were disappointed by26. What is the author’s purpose of writing this letter?A. To warn people not to drive after drinking.B. To persuade people to get away from alcohol.C. To tell people three sad stories about alcohol.D. To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol.27. How was the author feeling while writing this letter?A. Shocked.B. Responsible.C. Disappointed.D. Sorrowful.CWorking up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare —the man has nearly 1,500 valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards. Mr. Plastic Fantastic — a title given to him by Guinness World Records — is also the p roud owner of the world’s longest wallet, which can hold about 800 cards. But he uses it only to carry a few cards, while the rest are safely kept in bank safedeposit boxes.Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s. “One of my best frien ds and Imade a silly bet: the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，” he said. “I got 143 cards by the end of the year, and my friend gathered 138.” After winning that bet, Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection. He got credit cards from gas stations, airlines, bars, and even ice cream stores.If there’s one card missing from Cavanagh’s collection, it’s that from the Newberry Company. They repulsed his application for a card in the ea rly 1970s, even though he’d collected over 100 by then. They said he had too much credit. Therefore, so far he hasn’t had a Newberry card in his collection.Cavanagh hasn’t stopped applying for new cards —he’s held the Guinness Record since 1971 and has no intention of letting go of it. He copies whole pages from a U.S. directory of businesses and keeps sending applications. If he receives a rejection, he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition. But he doesn’t count useless cards in his total collection.Thanks to all the cards to his name, Cavanagh has access to about ＄1.7 million at any moment. Despite this privilege, he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score.The 72-year-old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share: “Never use a card to buy anything you can’t pay off in a couple of months. If you don’t have the discipline, you shouldn’t have the cards.”28. Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he ________.A. owned a very long walletB. made a bet with his friendC. wanted to create a Guinness RecordD. was treated to dinner by his friend.29. What does the underlined word “repulsed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Rejected.B. Recalled.C. Repeated.D. Recognized.30. What do the underlined words “the discipline” in the last paragraph probably refer to?A. Having many cards to your own name.B. Buying things by card and paying off in time.C. Managing to own more privileges for your card.D. Using a card to buy things as many times as possible.31. What do we know about Cavanagh’s cards?A. Some of them are useless.B. They are safely kept in his long wallet.C. They have brought him fame and privilege.D. Fewer new cards are added to his collections.DStanding on one leg is a simple way to assess someone’s risk of suffering a stroke (中风), suggests a new study.Researchers have found struggling to balance on one leg for 20 seconds or longer is linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel (血管) damage in the brain and reduced thinking ability in otherwise healthy people with no symptoms.“Our study found the ability to balance on one leg is an important test for brain health. Individuals showing poor balance on one leg should receive increased attention, as this may indicate an increased risk of brain diseases and cognitive (认知的) decline,” said Dr Tabara, a professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan.The study, published in the journal Stroke, consisted of 841 women and 546 men, with an average age of 67. To measure onelegged standing time, they stood with their eyes open and raised one leg. The maximum time for keeping the leg raised was 60 seconds. The participants performed the examination twice and the better of the two times was used in the study analysis.The researchers found that the inability to balance on one leg for longer than 20 seconds was associated with brain diseases without symptoms. Overall, those with brain diseases were older and had high blood pressure than those who did not have such diseases.Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score. Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke, this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health.Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age.32. Dr Tabara suggested that one who couldn’t stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds________.A. try to improve his physical abilitiesB. receive medical treatment for brain diseasesC. be given special attention to prevent accidentsD. be examined for other symptoms of brain diseases33. Which of the following factors might decrease onelegged standing time according to the text?a. Heart diseases.b. Cognitive decline.c. High blood pressure.d. The aging process.e. Brain diseases.A. a, b, dB. a, c, dC. b, c, eD. b, d, e34. What can we learn about the study from the fourth paragraph?A. It was led by Dr Tabara.B. It included more than 1,300 people.C. It examined people of different age groups.D. It required the participants to close their eyes first.35. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Overall Brain Health Deserves Close AttentionB. Brain Diseases Without Symptoms Require AttentionC. Can’t Stand on One Leg? You May Be at Risk of StrokeD. Can’t Keep Your Balance? You May Have Brain Damage第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二(上)期末物理试卷
2018-2019 学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末物理试卷副标题题号一二三四总分得分9 28.01. 关于元电荷和点电荷的理解，下列说法中正确的是（）A. 只有带电量很少的物体才能看成点电荷B. 只有很小的带电物体才能看成点电荷C. 物体所带的电量只能是元电荷的整数倍D. 元电荷就是电子2. 两个完全相同的带异种电荷金属小球 A 和B，电量大小之比为1：9．两球相互接触再放回原来的位置，接触前、后两小球之间的力大小之比为（）A. 9：16 B. 16：9C. 9：25D. 25：93. 关于电源电动势，下列说法中正确的是（）A. 电源两极电压的大小一定等于电源电动势的大小B. 电动势 E 的大小，与非静电力做功W的大小成正比，与电荷量q 的大小成反比C. 电动势是表示电源把电能转化为其它形式的能的本领大小的物理量D. 电动势是表示电源把其它形式的能转化为电能的本领大小的物理量4. 平行板电容器充电后，与电源断开，若将两板间的云母电介质移出，则电容器（）A. 电容增大，两板间电压增大B. 电容减小，两板间电压增大C. 电容增大，两板间电场强度不变D. 电容减小，两板间电场强度减小5. 一台电风扇，内阻为20 Ω，接在220V 的电路中，正常工作时消耗的电功率为44W．下列说法中错误的是（）A. 通过电风扇的电流为11AB. 电风扇的机械功率为43.2WC. 电风扇的发热功率为0.8WD. 电风扇的效率为6. 如图所示，一条形磁铁静放在粗糙的斜面上。
在其上方固定一根与磁铁垂直的长直导线，当导线中通以图示方向的电流时（）A. 磁铁对斜面的压力增大，磁铁仍保持静止B. 磁铁对斜面的压力增大，磁铁将加速下滑C. 磁铁对斜面的压力减小，磁铁一定保持静止D. 磁铁对斜面的压力减小，磁铁可能下滑7. 如图1所示，螺线管匝数n=1000 匝，横截面积S=20cm2，螺线管导线电阻r=1Ω，电阻R=3Ω，管内磁场的磁感应强度B的B-t图象如图2所示（以向右为正方向），下列说法错误的是（）A. 通过电阻 R 的电流方向是从 C 到 AC. 感应电流的大小为 1A8.如图所示，水平放置的金属三角形导轨 COD 上放有一根金 属棒 MN ，整个装置处在如图所示的匀强磁场中。
【国家百强校】2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试英语试题 Word版
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测 高二英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
答案应写在答题卷上，不能答在试题卷上。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What color is the carpet?A. Blue.B. Green.C. Yellow.2. What does the man do for a living?A. He sells cars.B. He fixes cars.C. He repairs airconditioners.3. What was the man ’s reaction?A. Angry.B. Astonished.C. Doubtful. 4. How much was the television originally?A. $300.B. $200.C. $100.5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Shop assistant and customer.B. Colleagues.C.Classmates.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试生物试题 word版
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二（理）生物试题（考试时间：100分钟 满分：100分）第I 卷（选择题 共50分）一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的，选出填入后面的表格中。
共25小题）1．下列有关人体内环境和稳态的叙述不正确．．．的是 A ．剧烈运动时，骨骼肌纤维内乳酸积累过多，会引起细胞体积增大B ．饮水增加导致尿生成增加有利于维持细胞外液渗透压相对恒定C ．机体内的某些细胞可以不经过内环境直接与外界环境进行物质交换D ．寒冷环境下机体通过各种途径减少散热，使散热量低于炎热环境2．促红细胞生长素（ESF ）既能刺激骨髓造血组织，使血液红细胞数增加改善缺氧；又反馈性的抑制肝脏中的促红细胞生长素原（ESF 原）的生成。
以下叙述错误．．的是 A ．红细胞具有接收ESF 的受体蛋白，从而改善缺氧B ．骨髓中的造血干细胞还能产生淋巴细胞，参与免疫调节C ．血浆渗透压的大小主要与无机盐、蛋白质含量有关D ．ESF 抑制肝脏中的ESF 原的生成属于负反馈调节3．下列有关生命活动调节的叙述正确的是A ．胰腺导管堵塞会导致胰岛素无法排出，血糖升高B ．在免疫细胞中唯一没有识别功能的细胞是浆细胞C ．感受器的功能是将各种不同的感觉信息转换为神经冲动并产生感觉D ．神经细胞兴奋后恢复为静息状态不消耗ATP4．镰刀型细胞贫血症患者体内红细胞容易破裂，运输氧气能力下降。
下列对镰刀型细胞贫血症患者内环境的描述不正确．．．的是 A ．该患者内环境中含有葡萄糖，也可能含呼吸酶B ．该患者的内环境中组织液与血浆之间可相互转化C ．该患者内环境的pH 值应比正常人的略微偏大D ．该患者对低氧环境的适应能力要比正常人的弱5．右图是血液流经某一组织的示意图，下列相关说法，不正确．．．的是 A ．若A 是胰岛细胞，饭后一小时，b 处胰岛素的含量高于a 处B ．若A 是肝脏细胞，饥饿时，b 处葡萄糖的含量高于a 处C ．若A 是肾小管细胞，口渴时，b 处抗利尿激素含量高于a 处D ．若A 是骨骼肌细胞，剧烈运动时，b 处乳酸的含量高于a 处6．科学家通过研究发现，人血液pH 通常在7.35～7.45之间，变化不大的原因包括①H 2CO 3/ NaHCO 3等缓冲对对血液酸碱度起缓冲作用②通过呼吸系统可不断排出CO 2③血浆中过多的碳酸氢盐可以由肾脏随尿排出体外④神经系统对呼吸运动强度的调节有利于维持血液pH 的相对稳定⑤食物中的碱性物质与新陈代谢产生的酸性物质所构成的缓冲对调节了血液pHA ．①②③⑤B ．①③④⑤C ．①②③④D ．②③④⑤7．2017年，三个美国科学家因揭秘生命的“生物钟”获得诺贝尔生理学奖，生物钟实质上是生物体生命活动的内在节律性，人体除了人脑主生物钟外，还存在肝脏、胰腺等器官局部生物钟，下列叙述不正确的是A ．糖尿病的发生可能与维持血糖平衡的肝脏生物钟失调有关B ．在各级神经中枢中，与生物节律控制有关的中枢存在下丘脑中C ．活跃在人脑中的主生物钟基因也存在于肝脏、胰腺等组织细胞中D ．若小鼠肝脏生物钟基因被敲除，会出现低血糖，此时胰高血糖素分泌将增加8．下图表示人体内某些淋巴细胞的分化和某种免疫过程，数字表示过程，字母表示细胞或物质。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试英语试题 Word版
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测 高二英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
答案应写在答题卷上，不能答在试题卷上。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What color is the carpet?A. Blue.B. Green.C. Yellow.2. What does the man do for a living?A. He sells cars.B. He fixes cars.C. He repairs airconditioners.3. What was the man ’s reaction?A. Angry.B. Astonished.C. Doubtful. 4. How much was the television originally?A. $300.B. $200.C. $100.5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Shop assistant and customer.B. Colleagues.C.Classmates.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末英语试题(解析版)
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）ALife experiences can show one's "grit"（坚韧）．Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions．Ursula Burns，Chairwoman，VEON；Former CEO，XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care．But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she would compete her way to the top．"I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，" she says．"Not a lot scares me．"Howard Schultz，Executive Chairman，StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn，surrounded by poverty，and was the first in his family to go to college （on a football scholarship）．After training in sales，he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks．"In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money，I spoke to 242 people，and 217 of them said no．" he said．Sean Combs，CEO，Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion．But his story could have turned out much differently：his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3．"It made me work even harder．" he recently said．Geisha Williams，CEO，PG&EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5．By 7，she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey．The experience did help her．"I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．" she told Fortune．1.Who did best in math at school？______A. Combs．B. Burns．C. Schultz．D. Williams．2.How did the death of Combs' father influence him？______A. It made him a failure．B. He became a drug dealer．C. It made him even stronger．D. He became a hip-hopper．3.What can we learn from the passage？______A. Cuba is a good place to do business．B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first．C. Poor family kids can be successful easily．D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward．【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】B【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据文章第三段中的But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox， where she would compete her way to the top．可知Burns在学校数学学的最好，因此答案选B．2．C．推理判断题．结合文章第七段中的 But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs 的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C．3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第五段中的最后一句话" "In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money， I spoke to 242 people， and 217of them said no．" he said，可以得知开始时几乎没有人想去帮助Schultz，因此答案选B，其他选项与文章内容不符．文章大意：生活经历可以显示一个人的"勇气"．生活中的复杂挑战帮助一个人培养出他的专业技能，接着作者列举出了四个人的事例．考查人生感悟类阅读理解．本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文中中心内容．答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据．对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案BDear Alcohol，You've been around forever．I can remember all the pain you've caused me．Do you remember the night when you almost took my father's life？I do．He loves you．Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me．He's addicted to you，to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them．You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars．He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night．Do you remember the night of my first high school party？My friends were intrigued by you．They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could．I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you．"I'm so embarrassed，" they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up．"I'm sorry，" they said when I called taxis for them，walking them out and paying the driver in advance．"This won't happen again，" they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped．Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you．Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson？Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car headon and killed two people in the other car？He died the next morning，too．His sister walked home from her dance lesson，and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio．She didn't realize her brother was among them at all．She never saw him again．And it was all your fault．I wish you'd walk out of my life forever．I don't want anything to do with you．Look at all the pain you've caused．Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time．But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is not excusable．Stop attracting the people I love! Stop hurting me，please!Sincerely，Me4.What did Alcohol do to the author's father that night？______A. It made him drunk and took his life away．B. It made him kill two other people when he was driving．C. It got him into a car accident and badly injured．D. It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped．5.The underlined phrase "were intrigued by" in Paragraph 3 probably means " ______ "．A. were interested inB. were satisfied withC. were familiar withD. were disappointed by6.What is the author's purpose of writing this letter？______A. To warn people not to drive after drinking．B. To persuade people to get away from alcohol．C. To tell people three sad stories about alcohol．D. To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol．7.How was the author feeling while writing this letter？______A. Shocked．B. Responsible．C. Disappointed．D. Sorrowful．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】D【解析】1．C．细节理解题：从第二段的句子：You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street，crashing into two other cars．He wasn't the only one hurt by you that night．可知酒精让作者的爸爸和另外的车相撞，严重受伤，选C．2．A．词义猜测题：；从第三段的句子：They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could．可以推断出作者的朋友对酒很感兴趣，选A3．B．写作意图题：从全文和最后一段的句子：Look at all the pain you've caused．Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time．But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable．可知作者写这封信是为了说明酒精给人们多么大的伤害，让读者远离酒精；故选B．4．D．推理判断题．根据第一段You've been around forever．I can remember all the pain you've caused me可知作者在写这封信时是悲伤的；故选D．这篇文章是一封书信，作者用拟人化的手法，写信给酒精，痛诉它给人们带来的伤害，希望它远离自己的生活，不要再伤害周围的人了阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．CWorking up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare - the man has nearly 1，500 valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards．Mr．Plastic Fantastic - a title given to him by Guinness World Records - is also the proud owner of the world's longest wallet，which can hold about 800 cards．But he uses it only to carry a few cards，while the rest are safely kept in bank safedeposit boxes．Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s．"One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，" he said．" I got 143 cards by the end of the year，and my friend gathered 138．" After winning that bet，Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection．He got credit cards from gas stations，airlines，bars，and even ice cream stores．If there's one card missing from Cavanagh's collection，it's that from the Newberry Company．They repulsed his application for a card in the early 1970s，even though he'd collected over 100 by then．They said he had too much credit．Therefore，so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection．Cavanagh hasn't stopped applying for new cards - he's held the Guinness Record since 1971 and has no intention of letting go of it．He copies whole pages from a U．S．directory ofbusinesses and keeps sending applications．If he receives a rejection，he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition．But he doesn't count useless cards in his total collection．Thanks to all the cards to his name，Cavanagh has access to about ＄1.7 million at any moment．Despite this privilege，he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score．The 72-year-old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share："Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months．If you don't have the discipline，you shouldn't have the cards．"8.Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he ______ ．A. owned a very long walletB. made a bet with his friendC. wanted to create a Guinness RecordD. was treated to dinner by his friend．9.What does the underlined word "repulsed" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？______A. Rejected．B. Recalled．C. Repeated．D. Recognized．10.What do the underlined words "the discipline" in the last paragraph probably refer to？______A. Having many cards to your own name．B. Buying things by card and paying off in time．C. Managing to own more privileges for your card．D. Using a card to buy things as many times as possible．11.What do we know about Cavanagh's cards？______A. Some of them are useless．B. They are safely kept in his long wallet．C. They have brought him fame and privilege．D. Fewer new cards are added to his collections．【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】C【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据第二段中的"Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s．‘ One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect more credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，'he said．"可知，自从跟朋友打赌后，Cavanagh就开始收集信用卡了．结合选项，故选B．2．A．词义猜测题．根据第三段中的"They said he had too much credit．Therefore，so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection．"可知，Cavanagh没Newberry Company的卡，表明他的申请被拒绝了．结合选项，故选A．3．B．词义猜测题．根据最后一段中的"Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months．"可知，Cavanagh建议人们：如果几个月内无法偿还信用贷款，那最好别用信用卡购物．结合选项，故选B．4．C．推理判断题．根据第一段中的"holds the Guinness World Record for the most credit cards"及倒数第二段中"Despite this privilege"可知，Cavanagh收藏的信用卡给他带来名声并且使他享有一些特权．结合选项，故选C．文章讲述了Walter Cavanagh拥有将近1500张信用卡，信用额度高达170万美元，创下世界纪录．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．DStanding on one leg is a simple way to assess someone's risk of suffering a stroke （中风），suggests a new study．Researchers have found struggling to balance on one leg for 20 seconds or longer is linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel （血管）damage in the brain and reduced thinking ability in otherwise healthy people with no symptoms．"Our study found the ability to balance on one leg is an important test for brain health．Individuals showing poor balance on one leg should receive increased attention，as this may indicate an increased risk of brain diseases and cognitive （认知的）decline，" said Dr Tabara，a professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan．The study，published in the journal Stroke，consisted of 841 women and 546 men，with an average age of 67．To measure onelegged standing time，they stood with their eyes open and raised one leg．The maximum time for keeping the leg raised was 60 seconds．The participants performed the examination twice and the better of the two times was used in the study analysis．The researchers found that the inability to balance on one leg for longer than 20seconds was associated with brain diseases without symptoms．Overall，those with brain diseases were older and had high blood pressure than those who did not have such diseases．Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score．Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke，this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health．Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age．12.Dr Tabara suggested that one who couldn't stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds______ ．A. try to improve his physical abilitiesB. receive medical treatment for brain diseasesC. be given special attention to prevent accidentsD. be examined for other symptoms of brain diseases13.Which of the following factors might decrease onelegged standing time according to thetext？______a．Heart diseases．b．Cognitive decline．c．High blood pressure．d．The aging process．e．Brain diseases．A. a，b，dB. a，c，dC. b，c，eD. b，d，e14.What can we learn about the study from the fourth paragraph？______A. It was led by Dr Tabara．B. It included more than 1，300 people．C. It examined people of different age groups．D. It required the participants to close their eyes first．15.Which of the following might be the best title for the text？______A. Overall Brain Health Deserves Close AttentionB. Brain Diseases Without Symptoms Require AttentionC. Can't Stand on One Leg？You May Be at Risk of StrokeD. Can't Keep Your Balance？You May Have Brain Damage【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】C【解析】答案：1-4 CDBC1．C 细节理解题．根据第二段可知，研究发现单腿站立时间不超过20秒的人可能有更大的得脑部血管疾病的风险；根据第三段第二句可知，Tabara教授建议单腿站立平衡性差的人应当受到更多的关注，因为这类人患脑部疾病和认知能力下降的风险很大．故选C．2．D．理解推断题．根据倒数第二段Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score．Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke，this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health．单腿站立的时间越短，认知得分越低，尽管先前的研究已经检查了体能和中风的风险之间的联系，这是第一批深入研究单腿站立的时间长短的研究之一，以此作为大脑整体健康状况的指标．倒数第一段Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age．Tabara 博士和他的研究小组还发现，单腿站立困难与年龄增长之间存在密切联系，因此与认知、大脑健康、年龄有关，故选D．3．B 细节理解题．根据第四段第一句中的consisted of 841 women and 546 men可知，这项研究共有1，387人参与，故选B．4．C 标题概括题．本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短，研究人员能够推断出其患中风风险的大小，故选C．一项新研究发现，通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短能够推断出其患中风风险的大小以及认知能力是否下降．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Americans use many expressions with the word dog．People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．(1) ．However，dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life．The expression，to lead a dog's life，describes a person who has an unhappy life．Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．(2) ．They say if a person wants to be successful he has to work like a dog．This means they have to work very，very hard．Such hard work can make people dog-tired．And，the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog．(3) ．This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．To be successful，people often have to learn new skills．Yet，some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks．They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things．(4) ．People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want．But mean dogs are often used guard this property．They bark or attack people who try to enter the property．However，sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad．We say his bark is worse than his bite．Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．The dog days of summer are the hottestdays of the year．A rain in summer may cool the weather．But we do not want it to rain too hard．(5) ．A．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．B．Still，people say every dog has its day．C．Some people are compared to dogs in bad days．D．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore．E．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people．F．That means many people are competing for the same things，like good jobs．G．They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G【答案】【小题1】G 【小题2】F 【小题3】B 【小题4】C 【小题5】A 【解析】GFBCA1．G．文章衔接题．根据前文People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．可知美国的人们爱他们的狗，善待它们．G项：They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．他们带着狗出去散步，让它们在外面玩耍，给它们提供良好的食物和医疗保健．符合文意，故选G．2．F．语境辨析题．根据前文Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．可知有些人说我们生活在一个"狗咬狗"的世界里．F项：That means many people are competing for the same things， like good jobs．这意味着许多人都在为同样的事情而竞争，比如好的工作．符合文意，故选F．3．B．联系下文题．根据后文This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．可知这意味着每个人在一生中都享有一个成功的时期．B项：Still，people say every dog has its day．尽管如此，人们还是说每只狗都有自己的一天．符合文意，故选B．4．C．段落理解题．根据后文People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．可知不友善或漠不关心的人可以被形容为比垃圾场的狗更卑鄙．C 项：Some people are compared to dogs in bad days．有些人在糟糕的日子里被比作狗．符合文意，故选C．5．A．联系上文题．根据本段首句Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．可知狗的表情也用来描述天气．A项：We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．我们不希望它下猫狗雨．符合文意，故选A．本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍美国人使用许多带有字的表达方式．就此作者给出了一些与dog有关的英语短语并解释了这些短语的意思以及使用语境．完成七选五阅读时，我们可以从关联词上查找答案．由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索．在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来．三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）I had not yet had the opportunity to do work experience．Therefore，I was (21) to start it．I was a little nervous(22)，but everybody was so friendly and welcoming that I felt at ease (23)．My first (24)was to help with checking if the website links，telephone numbers and addresses were (25)on the website．I also learned how to construct the weekly newsletter that is(26)each Friday to all registered members．During my work (27)，the staff were always attentive and ready to (28)，which really made me understand how to work (29)at the job I was doing．I also feel that I have become more (30)and confident with learning new skills，being punctual and (31)according to the dress code （着装标准）．I would advise anyone(32)to do work experience to be on time and willing to learn new skills needed for an office (33)．I can also say that although you will initially feel (34)about your first day in work experience，(35) you have become familiar with your job and the staff，you will soon feel a part of the (36)．I have thoroughly (37)my experience and I am very grateful to all the staff for giving me the opportunity to work at their office and for making me feel (38)．In conclusion，I would (39)everybody to undertake work experience-it is an excellent way to (40) skills and experience of a work environment and will make you feel more confident for future careers．21. A. eager B. confident C. patient D. scared22. A. after all B. at first C. more or less D. now and then23. A. frequently B. eventually C. immediately D. occasionally24. A. plan B. dream C. task D. attempt25. A. correct B. elegant C. smooth D. steady26. A. turned over B. given away C. passed on D. sent out27. A. absence B. interview C. application D. experience28. A. help B. cheer C. accuse D. scold29. A. regularly B. effectively C. comfortably D. quickly30. A. satisfied B. popular C. familiar D. reasonable31. A. analyzing B. dressing C. designing D. trading32. A. affording B. wishing C. bothering D. happening33. A. equipment B. building C. decoration D. environment34. A. curious B. concerned C. nervous D. crazy35. A. once B. before C. since D. as36. A. team B. country C. job D. family37. A. ignored B. enjoyed C. forgotten D. started38. A. awful B. energetic C. awkward D. welcome39. A. order B. force C. demand D. recommend40. A. learn B. require C. acquire D. master【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】C 【小题5】A 【小题6】D 【小题7】D 【小题8】A 【小题9】B 【小题10】C 【小题11】B 【小题12】B 【小题13】D 【小题14】C 【小题15】A 【小题16】A 【小题17】B 【小题18】D 【小题19】D 【小题20】C【解析】1--5ABCCA 6---10． DDABC 11--15． BBDCA 16---20． ABDDC 1．A．考查形容词辨析．A 热切的；B 有自信的；C有耐心的；D 就坐的．根据前文中我还没来得及有做工作的经验，因为我很渴望开始这项工作，故选A．2．B．考查固定短语辨析．A 毕竟；B 首先；C 或多或少；D 偶尔，不时地．根据前文因为没有做过这项工作，所以开始的时候有点紧张，故选B．3．C．考查副词辨析．A频繁地；B 最终；C立刻；D 偶尔．根据句意每一个人都很友好和热情，所以我立刻感觉很放松．故选C．4．C．考查名词辨析．A 计划；B梦；C 任务；D尝试．因为是工作，所以应该是第一个任务，故选C．5．A．考查形容词辨析．A 正确的；B 优雅的；C 平滑的；D 牢固的．检查的是网站的电话号码地址等是否正确，所以选A．6．D．考查短语辨析．A 翻转；B 泄露；C 传递下去；D 送出，寄出．每周五发给所有注册会员的通讯．所以选D．7．D．考查名词辨析．A 缺席；B 采访；C 申请；D 经历．在我的工作经历中，工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．所以答案选D．8．A．考查动词辨析．A 帮助；B 为…喝彩；C 指控，谴责；D 责备．在我的工作经历中，工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．所以选A．9．B．考查副词辨析．A 规则地；B 高效地；C 舒服地；D 快速地．工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．这使得我理解如何高效地工作，所以选B．10．C．考查形容词辨析．A感到满意的；B 流行的，受欢迎的；C 熟悉的；D 合理的．对于新的东西应该是熟悉了，所以选C．11．B．考查动词辨析．A 分析；B 打扮；C 设计；D 贸易．根据后文中的着装标准，前文一定是进行着装，所以答案选B．12．B．考查动词辨析．A 担负的起；B 希望，祝愿；C 打扰；D 发生．我想给那些希望准时做好工作并乐于学习所需的新技能的人，所以答案选B．13．D．考查名词辨析．A设备；B 建筑，大楼；C 装饰；D 环境．根据语境应该是想学习办公室环环境需要的新技能，所以答案选D．14．C．考查形容词辨析．A 好奇的；B 关心的；C 紧张的；D 疯狂的．根据下文句子：your first day in work experience，你有工作经历的第一天，所以应该是紧张的，故选C．15．A．考查连词．A 一旦；B 在…之前；C 既然；D 因为．分析句子可知本句是一个时间状语从句，一旦你熟悉了你的工作和员工，所以选A．16．A．考查名词辨析．A 团队；B 国家；C 工作；D 家庭．因为是在工作中，所以应该是工作团队中的一员．故选A．17．B．考查动词辨析．A 忽略，不理睬；B 喜欢；C 忘记；D 开始．根据后文作者的描述非常感激员工，可见作者现在已经很喜欢自己的工作经历，所以选B．18．D．考查形容词辨析．A 可怕的；B 充满活力的；C 难对付的；D 受欢迎的．我的工友们让我感觉到很受欢迎，所以选D．19．D．考查名词辨析．A 命令；B 武力；C 要求；D 推荐．根据语境可知此处作者要推荐给那些承担工作经验的那些人，所以答案选D．20．C．考查动词辨析．A 学习；B 要求；C学得，获得；D 精通，熟练．这是获得工作环境技能和经验的好方法，而且会让你对未来的职业更有信心．所以选C．作者通过自己第一次工作经历，虽然有点紧张不怎么自信，但是在新的环境中适应的很好，想提醒大家，工作经验是获得工作环境技能和经验的好方法，而且会让你对未来的职业更有信心．近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完型填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing (1)（popular）in the international world of high fashion．The name "cheongsam" (2) （mean）simply "long dress" entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province．In other parts of the country including Beijing，however，it (3) （know）as "qipao"，which has a history behind it．After the early Manchu（满族的）rulers came to China，the Manchu women wore (4) （normal）a onepiece dress which came to be called"qipao"．(5) the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty，the female dress survived the political change and，with later improvements，has become the traditional dress for Chinese women．The cheongsam，(6) neck is high，collar closed，fits well the Chinese female figure，and its sleeves may be either short，medium or full (7) （long），depending on seasons or tastes．In addition，it is not too complicated (8) （make）．Nor (9) it need too much material．Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either (10) casual or formal occasions．In either case，it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm，elegance and neatness．【答案】【小题1】popularity【小题2】meaning【小题3】is known【小题4】normally【小题5】Although/Though/While【小题6】whose【小题7】length【小题8】to make【小题9】does【小题10】on【解析】1．popularity 考查名词．enjoy是及物动词，后接名词作宾语．故填popularity．2．meaning 考查现在分词．分析句子结构可知此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语，相当于定语从句"which means…"．故填meaning．3．is known，考查被动，主语是it，而且是一般现在时，be known as：作为…被熟知，故填is known．4．normally 考查副词．wear是动词，要用副词形式来修饰动词．故填normally．5．Although/Though/While 考查连词．句意：尽管1911年的辛亥革命结束了清朝的统治，但旗袍在这次政治变革中被保留了下来…．用连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句．故填Although/Though/While．6．whose 考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词cheongsam在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose．7．length 考查名词．根据句意：（旗袍的）袖子可以是短袖，中袖，也可是长袖．"length"表达表达"长度"之意，故填length．8．to make 考查特殊句型．too…to…句型为"too+形容词或副词+to do…"译为"太…而不能…"，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的，to do 不定式应用主动形式表示被动含义．故填to make．9．does 考查倒装句．上句话提到的情况同样适合下文的人或物，为了避免和上文的内容重复，英语习惯用so，neither/nor引导的倒装句．so引导的倒装句表示肯定，neither/nor 引导的倒装句表示否定，其时态与前一句时态保持一致，上下文陈述的不是同一人或事物．根据文中时态应用一般现在时，且句子主语为第三人称单数形式，用does．10．on 考查介词．表示"在…场合"时，用短语on…occasions．故填介词on．本文主要介绍旗袍．旗袍是独具中国特色的女性服饰，在高端时尚的国际世界中日益流行．上身容易，穿着舒适，旗袍特别适合中国女性的身材．它的好处在于可以使用多种材质，并以不同长度制作，因此在休闲和正式场合都可穿着．对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．There are many people think that wealth is better than health．I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce．He was an European billionaire who go t everything he wanted． Therefore， in the last twenty years of his life， his health be gan to get worse and he led a miserably life．Although the best doctors called for him， he could still find no relief．I have realized that health is worth all the money in the wo rld．If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do．So I would like to advise you not to hur t yourself to trying to make money．Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do． Health is more important．【答案】There are many people think that wealth is better than health．I used to think so until one day Ihad read a story about Howard Joyce．He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted．Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life．Although the best doctors ∧called for him，he could still find no relief．I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world．If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do．So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money．Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do．Health is more important．1．将think改为thinking或think前加who．考查现在分词或定语从句．根据句子结构分析，There are many people 为完整句子，此处用现在分词thinking表主动关系作后置定语，或者在think前加who构成定语从句，先行词为people，在从句作主语，指人用关系代词who，故将think改为thinking或think前加who．2．去掉had．考查动词时态．根据句子结构分析，由one day可知此处应该用一般过去时，故去掉had．3．将an改为a．考查冠词．根据European单词首字母发音可知是辅音，故此处不定冠词应该用a，故将an改为a．4．将Therefore改为However．考查副词．根据前后句意可知，他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，但在他生命的最后二十年里，他的健康开始恶化，他过着悲惨的生活．此处表达转折关系，故将Therefore改为However．5．将miserably改为miserable．考查形容词．根据句子结构分析，修饰后面名词life应。
D_安徽省黄山市2018-2019学年高二上学期期末考试数学(理)试题(精品解析)
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二（理科）数学试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题满分60分）一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1.若直线a平行于平面α，则下列结论错误的是( )A. 直线a上的点到平面α的距离相等B. 直线a平行于平面α内的所有直线C. 平面α内有无数条直线与直线a平行D. 平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a成90°角【答案】B【解析】【分析】由题意，根据两直线的位置关系的判定，以及直线与平面的位置关系，逐一判定，即可得到答案.【详解】由题意，直线a平行于平面α，则对于A中，直线a上的点到平面α的距离相等是正确的；对于B 中，直线a与平面α内的直线可能平行或异面，所以不正确；对于C中，平面α内有无数条直线与直线a平行是正确的；对于D中，平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a成90°角是正确的，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了空间中两直线的位置关系的判定，其中解答中熟记空间中两条直线的三种位置关系是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与论证能力，属于基础题.2.在空间直角坐标系中，点关于平面的对称点为，则( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由题意，根据点关于平面的对称点，求得的坐标，利用向量的数量积的坐标运算，即求解.【详解】由题意，空间直角坐标系中，点关于平面的对称点，所以,则，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了空间直角坐标系的应用，以及空间向量的数量积的坐标运算，其中解答中熟记空间向量数量积的坐标运算公式，准确运算是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与运算能力，属于基础题.3.已知，则“直线与直线垂直”是“”的( )A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B【解析】【分析】由两直线垂直求得则或，再根据充要条件的判定方法，即可求解.【详解】由题意，“直线与直线垂直”则，解得或，所以“直线与直线垂直”是“”的必要不充分条件，故选B.【点睛】本题主要考查了两直线的位置关系，及必要不充分条件的判定，其中解答中利用两直线的位置关系求得的值，同时熟记充要条件的判定方法是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与论证能力，属于基础题.4.设矩形边长分别为，将其按两种方式卷成高为和的圆柱（无底面），其体积分别为和,则与的大小关系是( )A. B. C. D. 不确定【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据题意，分别求得卷得圆柱的底面圆的半径，利用圆柱的体积公式，求解两圆柱的体积，比较即可得到答案.【详解】由题意，当卷成高为的圆柱时，此时设圆柱的底面半径为，则，解得，则圆柱的体积为，当卷成高为的圆柱时，此时设圆柱的底面半径为，则，解得，则圆柱的体积为，又由，所以，即，故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查了圆柱的侧面展开图，以及圆柱的体积的计算问题，其中解答解答中，根据题意求解两圆柱的底面圆的半径，利用圆柱的体积公式，准确求解圆柱的体积是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.5.若从集合中随机取一个数，从集合中随机取一个数，则直线一定经过第四象限的概率为( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由题意，利用列举法求得基本事件的总数，再列举出所求事件所包含的基本事件的个数，利用古典概型及其概率的计算公式，即可求解.【详解】由题意，从集合中随机取一个数，从集合中随机取一个数，得到的取值的所有可能了结果共有：，共计9种结果，由直线，即，其中当时，直线不过第四象限，共有，共计4种，所以当直线一定经过第四象限时，共有5中情况，所以概率为，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了古典概型及其概率的计算，以及直线方程的应用，其中解答中根据题意列举出基本事件的总数，进而利用古典概型及其概率的计算公式求解是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.6.若直线与直线关于点（2，1）对称，则直线恒过定点( )A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】由题意，设直线上的任意一点，则点A关于点的对称点为，又由点在直线上，代入求得直线的方程，即可求解答案.【详解】由题意，设直线上的任意一点，则点A关于点的对称点为，又由点在直线上，即，整理得，令，即时，，可得直线过定点，故选B.【点睛】本题主要考查了直线过定点问题，以及直线关于点的对称问题，其中解答中根据对称性求得直线的方程，进而判定直线过定点是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.7.已知双曲线的中心为坐标原点，对称轴为坐标轴，它的一条渐近线为，则该双曲线的离心率为( )A. B. C. D. 或【答案】D【解析】【分析】由题意，分别求解当双曲线的焦点在轴上和双曲线的焦点在轴上时，得出的关系式，进而求解双曲线的离心率，得到答案.【详解】当双曲线的焦点在轴上时，渐近线的方程为，即，即可双曲线的离心率为；当双曲线的焦点在轴上时，渐近线的方程为，即，即可双曲线的离心率为，所以双曲线的离心率为或，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了双曲线的离心率的求解，以及双曲线的渐近线方程的应用，其中解答中根据双曲线的焦点的位置，合理分类讨论是解答的关键，着重考查了分类讨论思想，以及推理与计算能力，属于基础题.8.一个棱锥的三视图如图所示，则该棱锥的体积是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由三视图可知几何体为三棱锥，且该三棱锥的底面为底边边长为2，高为2的等腰三角形，高为，利用体积公式，即可求解.【详解】由三视图可知几何体为三棱锥，如图所示，根据三视图可知，该三棱锥的底面为底边边长为2，高为2的等腰三角形，高为，底面面积为，所以该三棱锥的体积为，故选D.【点睛】本题考查了几何体的三视图及几何体的体积的计算，在由三视图还原为空间几何体的实际形状时，要根据三视图的规则，空间几何体的可见轮廓线在三视图中为实线，不可见轮廓线在三视图中为虚线.求解以三视图为载体的空间几何体的表面积与体积的关键是由三视图确定直观图的形状以及直观图中线面的位置关系和数量关系，利用相应体积公式求解.9.若直线将圆平分，且不通过第四象限，则直线斜率的取值范围是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】由直线将圆平分得直线过圆心，再由直线不经过第四象限，即可求解直线的斜率的取值范围，得到答案.【详解】由圆的方程，可知圆心坐标为，因为直线将圆平分，所以直线过圆心，又由直线不经过第四象限，所以直线的斜率的最小值为，斜率的最大值为，所以直线的斜率的取值范围是，故选B.【点睛】本题主要考查了直线的斜率的取值范围的求法，以及直线与圆的位置关系的应用，其中解答中认真审题，得到直线必过圆的圆心，再根据斜率公式求解是解答的关键，同时属于圆的性质的合理运用，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.10.设实数对满足，则该实数对满足的概率为( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】由题意，得到表示的区域为圆及圆内的部分，又由不等式表示直线的右上方的部分，作出图形，求得其面积，根据面积比的几何概型，即可求解概率.【详解】由题意，可知圆，表示圆心坐标，半径是的圆，其中表示的区域为圆及圆内的部分，又由不等式表示直线的右上方的部分，如图所示，则阴影部分的面积为，又由圆的面积为，所以概率为，故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查了面积比的几何概型及其概率的计算问题，其中解答中根据题意，画出相应的图形，分别求解其面积，利用面积比求解概率是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.11.两圆与只有一条公切线，则的最小值为( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】由两圆的标准方程，求得圆心坐标和半径，再由题意可知两圆相内切，求得，利用基本不等式即可求解的最小值，得到答案.【详解】由题意可知两圆相内切，又由两圆的标准方程为，可的圆心分别为，半径分别为2和1，则，所以，又由，当且仅当时等号成立，所以，所以的最小值为，故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查了两圆的位置关系的应用，以及利用基本不等式求最值，其中解答中根据两圆的位置关系，求得是解答本题的关键，着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力，属于基础题.12.已知是椭圆和双曲线的公共焦点，点是它们的一个公共点，且，设椭圆和双曲线的离心率分别为，则的最大值为( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由题意，设点P是椭圆与双曲线的第一象限内的交点，且，则根据椭圆和双曲线的定义求得，再由曲线的离心率得到，在中，由正弦定理化简可得，即可求解.【详解】设椭圆的长半轴为，双曲线的实半轴为，半焦距为，由题意，设点P是椭圆与双曲线的第一象限内的交点，且，则根据椭圆和双曲线的定义可得，则，又由，在中，由正弦定理得，即，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了椭圆和双曲线的离心率的定义和性质的应用，其中解答中根据椭圆和双曲线的离心率的定义，借助在中，合理利用正弦定理运算求解是解答的关键，着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力，属于中档试题.第II卷（非选择题满分90分）二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.)13.命题“,使得”的否定是_____．【答案】,都有【解析】【分析】由题意，根据全称命题与存在性命题的否定关系，即可得到答案.【详解】由题意，根据全称命题与存在性命题的关系，可得命题“,使得”的否定是“,都有”.【点睛】本题主要考查了含有一个量词的否定，其中解答中熟记全称命题与存在性命题的关系，合理、准确求解是解答的关键，着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力，属于基础题.14.如图，圆与圆交于、两点，则公共弦的长是____．【答案】【解析】【分析】由两圆的方程相减求得公共弦的方程，在根据圆的弦长公式，即可求解.【详解】由圆与圆可得公共弦AB的方程为，整理得公共弦AB的方程为，因为圆的圆心，半径为，圆心到直线AB的距离为，所以公共弦AB的长为.【点睛】本题主要考查了圆与圆的位置关系，以及直线与圆的位置关系及弦长的求法，其中解答中根据两圆的方程相减，得到公共弦的方程，再由圆的弦长公式求解是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.15.长方体中，，则异面直线所成角的余弦值为____．【答案】【解析】【分析】由题意，以D点为原点，建立适当的空间直角坐标系，求得，利用空间向量的夹角公式，即可求解.【详解】由题意，以D点为原点，建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，则,所以，可得.【点睛】本题主要考查了利用空间向量求解异面直线所成的角，其中解答中根据几何体的结构特征，建立适当的空间直角坐标系，利用向量的夹角公式求解是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与运算能力，属于基础题.16.已知抛物线，斜率为的直线过抛物线的焦点，且与抛物线相交于两点，若以线段为直径的圆与抛物线的准线相切于点，则点到直线的距离为____．【答案】【解析】【分析】设直线AB的方程为，线段AB为直径的圆与抛物线的准线相切与点P，列出方程，求得，得出直线AB的方程，从而求出点P的坐标和AB的方程，即可得出答案.【详解】设直线AB的方程为，代入抛物线可得，设，AB的中点为,则，所以，所以，因为线段AB为直径的圆与抛物线的准线相切与点P，所以，解得，即直线AB的方程为，即，所以点P的坐标为，所以点P到直线AB的距离为.【点睛】本题主要考查了抛物线的标准方程及简单的几何性质，以及直线与抛物线位置关系的应用，其中设出直线，代入抛物线的方程，利用根与系数的关系和题设条件，列出方程求得的值，得出直线的方程是解答的关键，着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力，属于中档试题.三、解答题（本大题共小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．）17.设命题在矩形中，，线段上存在一点，使得；命题，函数图象与轴没有交点．如果命题“”是真命题，且“”是假命题，求实数的取值范围．【答案】【解析】【分析】由题，由于，则点在以为直径的圆上，所以直线与圆有公共点，根据，求得；再由命题中，根据，求得，再根据命题一真一假，分类讨论，即可求解.【详解】由题意，若命题为真：如图,由于，则点在以为直径的圆上，所以直线与圆有公共点，因此，解得若命题为真：由题可知，命题一真一假，则或解得.【点睛】本题主要考查了根据复合命题的真假求得参数的取值范围问题，其中解答中根据圆的性质和二次函数的图象与性质，正确求解命题是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与运算能力，属于基础题.18.如图，圆柱内有一个直三棱柱，三棱柱的底面为圆柱底面的内接三角形，且是圆直径，．分别为上的动点，且．（Ⅰ）若该圆柱有一个内切球，求圆柱的侧面积和内切球的体积．（Ⅱ）在（Ⅰ）的条件下，当时，求异面直线与所成角的余弦值．【答案】（Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）【解析】【分析】（Ⅰ）由圆柱有一个内切球，求得，进而得到圆柱的底面半径和高，进而求得求得半径，利用球的体积公式，即可求解.（Ⅱ）由题意，以C为坐标原点，所在方向分别为的正方向建立空间直角坐标系分别求得向量的坐标，利用向量的夹角公式，即可求解.【详解】（Ⅰ）由题可知，由于圆柱有一个内切球，所以．因此，圆柱的底面半径为，高为，所以圆柱的侧面积为由题可知，圆柱的内切球的半径为，所以该内切球的体积（Ⅱ）由于，，所以分别为AC、BC的中点．由题可知两两垂直，所以可以以C为坐标原点，所在方向分别为的正方向建立空间直角坐标系（如图）．由（Ⅰ）的条件可得：，，即异面直线与所成角的余弦值为．【点睛】本题主要考查了组合体的结构特征的应用，球的体积的计算，以及利用空间向量求解异面直线所成的角，其中解答中正确认识组合体的结构特征，以及建立适当的空间直角坐标系，利用向量的夹角公式求解是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与运算能力，属于基础题.19.如图所示，在平面直角坐标系中，平行于轴且过点的入射光线被直线反射，反射光线交轴于点，圆过点，且与、相切．（Ⅰ）求所在直线的方程；（Ⅱ）求圆的方程．【答案】（Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）【解析】【分析】（Ⅰ）设与交于点D，求得D点的坐标，进而利用直线的倾斜角求得直线的斜率，再利用直线的点斜式方程，即可求解.（Ⅱ）设圆心，根据圆心在过点且与垂直的直线上，且点在点的下方，求得，再由圆心C在过点A且与垂直的直线上，求得的值，进而求得圆的方程.【详解】（Ⅰ）如图，直线：，设与交于点D，则D（，2）.的倾斜角为30°的倾斜角为60°，即所以反射光线所在直线方程为，即.（Ⅱ）设圆心，由题意可知：圆心在过点且与垂直的直线上，且点在点的下方，则，又圆心C在过点A且与垂直的直线上，故圆C的半径，所以圆C的方程为.【点睛】本题主要考查了直线方程的求解，以及圆的标准方程的求解，其中解答中根据题设条件的对称性，求得直线的斜率，以及第二问中根据圆的性质求得圆心的坐标是解答本题的关键，着重考查了推理与运算能力，属于基础题.20.如图，四棱锥中，底面为菱形，平面，点是棱的中点，点是的中点.（Ⅰ）求证：直线；（2）平面平面；（Ⅱ）若底面为正方形，,求二面角大小．【答案】（Ⅰ）详见解析（Ⅱ）【解析】【分析】（Ⅰ）（1）中，设菱形的对角线相交于点，连接．根据中位线的行贿，证得，进而利用线面平行的判定定理，即可得到平面；（2）由于，证得所以，再由，得，利用线面垂直的判定定理，证得平面，进而利用面面垂直的判定定理，即可得到平面平面.（Ⅱ）由题意，分别以的方向为坐标轴方向，建立空间直角坐标系.分别求得平面和平面的一个法向量利用向量的夹角公式，即可求解.【详解】（Ⅰ）证明：（1）设菱形的对角线相交于点，连接．由题可得点、分别为线段、的中点，，又，.（2）由于，，所以，由可得，又是平面内两相交直线，，因为，故平面平面.（Ⅱ）由题可知、、两两垂直，则分别以的方向为坐标轴方向，建立空间直角坐标系.由可得，于是可令，则设平面的一个法向量为．由于，所以，解得，所以因为轴平面，所以可设平面的一个法向量为由于，所以，解得，所以故．所以二面角的大小为．【点睛】本题考查了立体几何中的线面位置关系的判定与证明，以及二面角的求解问题，意在考查学生的空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力，解答本题关键在于能利用直线与直线、直线与平面、平面与平面关系的相互转化，通过严密推理；同时对于立体几何中角的计算问题，往往可以利用空间向量法，通过求解平面的法向量，利用向量的夹角公式求解.21.如图，森林的边界是直线，图中阴影部分是与垂直的一道铁丝网，兔子和狼分别位于草原上点和点处，其中，现兔子随机的沿直线，以速度准备越过森林边界逃入森林，同时，狼沿线段以速度进行追击，若狼比兔子先到或同时到达点处，狼就会吃掉兔子．某同学为了探究兔子能否逃脱狼的追捕，建立了平面直角坐标系（如图），并假设点的坐标为．（Ⅰ）求兔子的所有不幸点（即可能被狼吃掉的地方）组成的区域的面积；（Ⅱ）若兔子随机沿与成锐角）的路线越过向森林逃跑，求兔子能够逃脱的概率．【答案】（Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）【解析】【分析】（Ⅰ）由题意，可知狼要想吃掉兔子，就必须先到达M点或与兔子同时到达M点，即，化简可求解相应的不等式关系，得到答案.（Ⅱ）过点作半圆的切线，切点为，在中，求得，进而根据几何概型及其概率的计算公式，即可求解.【详解】（Ⅰ）如图所示，狼要想吃掉兔子，就必须先到达M点或与兔子同时到达M点，即有：.化简得，即两边平方并整理得：即所以，兔子的所有不幸点构成的区域为半圆及其内部.所以，兔子的所有不幸点组成的区域的面积S为.（Ⅱ）如图，过点作半圆的切线，切点为，在中，，所以兔子要想不被狼吃掉，则不能沿的以内方向跑，则，又.故兔子能逃脱的概率是.【点睛】本题主要考查了不等式的实际应用问题，以及几何概型及其概率的计算问题，其中解答中正确理解题意，合理建立不等式关系式，进而利用面积比的几何概型求解概率是解答的关键，着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力，属于中档试题.22.已知点和圆，过的动直线与圆交于、两点，过作直线，交于点．（Ⅰ）求动点的轨迹的方程；（Ⅱ）若不经过的直线与轨迹交于两点，且.求证：直线恒过定点．【答案】（Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）详见解析【解析】【分析】（I）由题意可得是等腰三角形，即，再圆的性质和椭圆定义，即可求解的值，得出椭圆的方程；（II）设，联立方程组，利用根与系数的关系，求得，又由，整理求得解得，进而判定处直线过定点问题.【详解】（I）由，知是等腰三角形，即.，点轨迹是以为焦点的椭圆，，故，因此点的轨迹.（II）设，则联立则①，又由知：，，将①式代入并化简得：，解得.当时，直线恒过，不满足题意；当时，直线恒过定点.当直线与横轴垂直时，令，，，化简得，解得或（舍去），，即此时也有直线过定点.综上可知，当，直线过定点.【点睛】本题主要考查了椭圆的标准方程的求解、及直线与椭圆的位置关系的应用问题,解答此类题目，通常求得的关系，确定椭圆（圆锥曲线）方程是基础，再通过联立直线方程与椭圆（圆锥曲线）方程的方程组，应用一元二次方程根与系数的关系进行求解，此类问题易错点是复杂式子的变形能力不足，导致错解，能较好的考查考生的逻辑思维能力、运算求解能力、分析问题解决问题的能力等.。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二(上)期末数学试卷(文科)(解析版)
一、选择题（本大题共 12 小题，每小题 5 分，共 60 分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只 有一项是符合题目要求的．）
1．（5 分）若直线 a 平行于平面 α，则下列结论错误的是（ ）
A．直线 a 上的点到平面 α 的距离相等
B．直线 a 平行于平面 α 内的所有直线
第 3 页（共 13 页）
21．（12 分）如图所示，在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中，平行于 x 轴且过点 A
的入射
光线 l1 被直于 B 点，圆 C 过点 A，且与 l1、l2
（Ⅰ）求 l2 所在直线的方程； （Ⅱ）求圆 C 的方程．
22．（12 分）已知点
二、填空题（本大题共 4 小题，每小题 5 分，共 20 分.）
13．（5 分）经过点（﹣2，3）且与直线 2x+y﹣5＝0 垂直的直线方程为
．
14．（5 分）正方体 ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1 中，AC 与 BC1 所成的角是
．
第 2 页（共 13 页）
15．（5 分）已知抛物线 C：x2＝2y，过其焦点 F 作斜率为 的直线 l 交 C 于 A，B 两点，则
垂直”的（ ）
A．充分不必要条件
B．必要不充分条件
C．充要条件
D．既不充分也不必要条件
4．（5 分）设矩形边长分别为 a、b（a＞b），将其按两种方式卷成高为 a 和 b 的圆柱（无底
面），其体积分别为 Va 和 Vb，则 Va 与 Vb 的大小关系是（ ）
A．Va＞Vb
B．Va＝Vb
C．Va＜Vb
与
只有一条公切线，则 a+b 的最小值为（ ）
A．1
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二(上)期末数学试卷(理科)(解析版)
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末数学试卷（理科）一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1．（5分）若直线a平行于平面α，则下列结论错误的是（）A．直线a上的点到平面α的距离相等B．直线a平行于平面α内的所有直线C．平面α内有无数条直线与直线a平行D．平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a成90°角2．（5分）在空间直角坐标系中，点A（2，﹣1，3）关于平面xOz的对称点为B，则＝（）A．﹣10B．10C．﹣12D．123．（5分）已知a∈R，b∈R，则“直线ax+2y﹣1＝0与直线（a+1）x﹣2ay+1＝0垂直”是“a ＝3”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件4．（5分）设矩形边长分别为a、b（a＞b），将其按两种方式卷成高为a和b的圆柱（无底面），其体积分别为V a和V b，则V a与V b的大小关系是（）A．V a＞V b B．V a＝V b C．V a＜V b D．不确定5．（5分）从集合A＝{﹣2，﹣1，2}中随机选取一个数记为a，从集合B＝{﹣1，1，3}中随机选取一个数记为b，则直线ax﹣y+b＝0不经过第四象限的概率为（）A．B．C．D．6．（5分）若直线l1：y＝kx﹣k+2与直线l2关于点（2，1）对称，则直线l2恒过定点（）A．（3，1）B．（3，0）C．（0，1）D．（2，1）7．（5分）已知双曲线C的中心为坐标原点，对称轴为坐标轴，它的一条渐近线为y＝2x，则该双曲线的离心率为（）A．B．C．D．或8．（5分）一个棱锥的三视图如图（尺寸的长度单位为m），则该棱锥的体积是（单位：m3）（）A．4+2B．4+C．D．9．（5分）若直线l将圆x2+y2﹣4x﹣2y＝0平分，且不通过第四象限，则直线l斜率的取值范围是（）A．[0，1]B．C．D．[0，2]10．（5分）设实数对（x，y）满足（x﹣1）2+y2≤1，则该实数对（x，y）满足x﹣y﹣2≥0的概率为（）A．B．C．D．11．（5分）两圆与只有一条公切线，则a+b的最小值为（）A．1B．C．D．﹣212．（5分）已知F1，F2是椭圆和双曲线的公共焦点，点P是它们的一个公共点，且∠F1PF2＝60°，设椭圆和双曲线的离心率分别为e1、e2，则的最大值为（）A．B．C．D．二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.）13．（5分）命题“存在x∈R，使得x2+2x+5＝0”的否定是．14．（5分）已知圆C1：（x﹣2）2+（y﹣1）2＝10与圆C2：（x+6）2+（y+3）2＝50交于A、B两点，则公共弦AB的长是．15．（5分）长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，，，则异面直线BD1与DC1所成角的余弦值为．16．（5分）已知抛物线x2＝4y，斜率为的直线l过抛物线的焦点，且与抛物线相交于A，B两点，若以线段AB为直径的圆与抛物线的准线相切于点P，则点P到直线AB的距离为．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．）17．（10分）设命题p：在矩形ABCD中，AD＝1，AB＝a，线段CD上存在一点M，使得AM⊥BM；命题q：∀x∈R，函数f（x）＝x2+（a﹣3）x+1图象与x轴没有交点．如果命题“p∨q”是真命题，且“p∧q”是假命题，求实数a的取值范围．18．（12分）如图，圆柱OO1内有一个直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1，三棱柱的底面为圆柱底面的内接三角形，且AB是圆O直径，AC＝CB＝2．E，F分别为AC，BC上的动点，且CE＝BF．（Ⅰ）若该圆柱有一个内切球，求圆柱的侧面积和内切球的体积．（Ⅱ）在（Ⅰ）的条件下，当CE＝1时，求异面直线B1E与C1F所成角的余弦值．19．（12分）如图所示，在平面直角坐标系xOy中，平行于x轴且过点A的入射光线l1被直线反射，反射光线l2交y轴于B点，圆C过点A，且与l1、l2相切．（Ⅰ）求l2所在直线的方程；（Ⅱ）求圆C的方程．20．（12分）如图，四棱锥P﹣ABCD的底面ABCD为矩形，P A⊥平面ABCD，点E是棱PD 的中点，点F是PC的中点．（Ⅰ）证明：PB∥平面AEC；（Ⅱ）若底面ABCD为正方形，，求二面角C﹣AF﹣D大小．21．（12分）如图，森林的边界是直线l，图中阴影部分是与l垂直的一道铁丝网，兔子和狼分别位于草原上点A和点B处，其中AB＝BC＝1km，现兔子随机的沿直线AD，以速度2v准备越过森林边界l逃入森林，同时，狼沿线段BM以速度v进行追击，若狼比兔子先到或同时到达点M处，狼就会吃掉兔子．某同学为了探究兔子能否逃脱狼的追捕，建立了平面直角坐标系xCy（如图），并假设点M的坐标为（x，y）．（Ⅰ）求兔子的所有不幸点M（即可能被狼吃掉的地方）组成的区域的面积S；（Ⅱ）若兔子随机沿与AC成锐角θ（θ＝∠CAD）的路线越过l向森林逃跑，求兔子能够逃脱的概率．22．（12分）已知点和圆，过F 1的动直线l与圆F2交于M、N两点，过F1作直线F1E∥F2N，交F2M于E点．（Ⅰ）求动点E的轨迹C的方程；（Ⅱ）若不经过A（﹣2，0）的直线l'与轨迹C交于P，Q两点，且．求证：直线l'恒过定点．2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末数学试卷（理科）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1．【解答】解：由直线a平行于平面α，知：在A中，直线a上的点到平面α的距离相等，故A正确；在B中，直线a与平面α内的所有直线平行或异面，故B错误；在C中，平面α内有无数条直线与直线a平行，故C正确；在D中，平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a成90°角，故D正确．故选：B．2．【解答】解：在空间直角坐标系中，点A（2，﹣1，3）关于平面xOz的对称点为B，∴B（2，1，3），∴＝4﹣1+9＝12．故选：D．3．【解答】解：若“直线ax+2y﹣1＝0与直线（a+1）x﹣2ay+1＝0垂直”，则a（a+1）﹣2a×2＝0，即a（a﹣3）＝0，得a＝0或a＝3，则“直线ax+2y﹣1＝0与直线（a+1）x﹣2ay+1＝0垂直”是“a＝3”的必要不充分条件，故选：B．4．【解答】解：当高为a时，底面周长为b，则底面半径为：故V a＝＝，同理可得当高为b时，V b＝，∵a＞b∴V a＜V b故选：C．5．【解答】解：由题意知本题是一个古典概型，试验发生包含的事件a∈A＝{﹣2，﹣1，1}，b∈B＝{﹣1，1，3}，得到（a，b）的取值所有可能的结果有：（﹣2，﹣1）；（﹣2，1）；（﹣2，3）；（﹣1，﹣1）；（﹣1，1）；（﹣1，3）；（2，﹣1）；（2，1）；（2，3）共9种结果．由ax﹣y+b＝0得y＝ax+b，当时，直线不经过第四限，符合条件的（a，b）有（2，1）；（2，3），2种结果，∴直线不过第四象限的概率P＝，故选：A．6．【解答】解：∵y＝kx﹣k+2＝k（x﹣1）+2，∴l1：y＝kx﹣k+2过定点（1，2），∵直线l1：y＝kx﹣k+2与直线l2关于点（2，1）对称，设定点（1，2）关于点（2，1）对称的点的坐标为（x，y），则，得，即直线l2恒过定点（3，0），故选：B．7．【解答】解：根据题意，分2种情况讨论：①，双曲线的焦点在x轴上，设其标准方程为﹣＝1，若其一条渐近线为y＝2x，则有＝2，即b＝2a，则c＝＝a，此时双曲线的离心率e＝＝；②，双曲线的焦点在y轴上，设其标准方程为﹣＝1，若其一条渐近线为y＝2x，则有＝2，即a＝2b，c＝＝b，此时双曲线的离心率e＝＝＝；则该双曲线的离心率为或；故选：D．8．【解答】解：由三视图可以看出，此几何体是一个侧面与底面垂直且底面与垂直于底面的侧面全等的三棱锥，由图中数据知此两面皆为等腰直角三角形，高为2，底面边长为2，底面面积×2×2＝2，故此三棱锥的体积为＝．故选：D．9．【解答】解：∵直线l将圆x2+y2﹣4x﹣2y＝0平分，∴直线l经过圆的圆心（2，1），设l：y＝k（x﹣2）+1，则直线l不通过第四象限等价于x＝0时0≤y≤1，∴0≤1﹣2k≤1，即0≤k≤，故选：B．10．【解答】解：设“该实数对（x，y）满足x﹣y﹣2≥0：为事件A，由几何概型中的面积型可得：P（A）＝＝＝，故选：C．11．【解答】解：由题意可得，两圆内切，两圆的标准方程分别为（x+a）2+y2＝4，x2+（y﹣b）2＝1，圆心分别为（﹣a，0），（0，b），半径分别为2和1，∴||C1C2|＝＝1，∴a2+b2＝1，由，得（a2+b2）≤2，∴．当且仅当“a＝b”时取“＝”．∴a+b的最小值为．故选：C．12．【解答】解：设椭圆方程是+＝1，双曲线方程是﹣＝1，由定义可得|PF1|+|PF2|＝2a1，|PF1|﹣|PF2|＝2a2，∴|PF1|＝a1+a2，|PF2|＝a1﹣a2，在△F1PF2中由余弦定理可得，（2c）2＝（a1+a2）2+（a1﹣a2）2+2（a1+a2）（a1﹣a2）cos60°，即4c2＝a12+3a22，∴4＝+，由柯西不等式得（1+）（+）≥（1×+×）2＝（）2，即（）2≤×4＝，即≤，当且仅当e1＝，e2＝时取等号．故选：D．二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.）13．【解答】解：因为命题“存在x∈R，使得x2+2x+5＝0”是特称命题，根据特称命题的否定是全称命题，可得命题的否定为：对任何x∈R，都有x2+2x+5≠0．故答案为：对任何x∈R，都有x2+2x+5≠0．14．【解答】解：圆C1：（x﹣2）2+（y﹣1）2＝10与圆C2：（x+6）2+（y+3）2＝50的公共弦AB的方程为：（x﹣2）2+（y﹣1）2﹣10﹣[（x+6）2+（y+3）2﹣50]＝0即2x+y＝0∵圆C1：（x﹣2）2+（y﹣1）2＝10的圆心（2，1）到直线2x+y＝0的距离d＝，半径为∴公共弦AB的长为2故答案为：215．【解答】解：以D为原点，DA为x轴，DC为y轴，DD1为z轴，建立空间直角坐标系，则B（2，2，0），D1（0，0，3），D（0，0，0），C1（0，2，3），＝（﹣2，﹣2，3），＝（0，2，3），设异面直线BD1与DC1所成角为α，则cosα＝＝＝．∴异面直线BD1与DC1所成角的余弦值为．故答案为：．16．【解答】解：抛物线x2＝4y的焦点坐标为（0，1），准线方程为y＝﹣1，设直线AB的方程为y＝x+1，代入x2＝4y可得：x2﹣2x﹣4＝0，设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），可得x1+x2＝2，AB的中点为M（x0，y0），则x0＝（x1+x2）＝1，∵线段AB为直径的圆与抛物线的准线切于点P，∴P点坐标为（1，﹣1），∴P到直线AB：x﹣2y+2＝0的距离为d＝＝．故答案为：．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．）17．【解答】解：若命题p为真：如图可知AM2+BM2＝AB2，即x2+1+（a﹣x）2+1＝a2⇒x2﹣ax+1＝0有解，故由△＝a2﹣4≥0⇒a≥2（a≤﹣2舍去）；即p：a≥2，（可用几何法以AB为直径的圆与CD有交点直接得到a≥2）若命题q为真：△＝（a﹣3）2﹣4＜0⇒1＜a＜5，即q：1＜a＜5若命题“p∨q”是真命题，且“p∧q”是假命题则p，q一真一假，若p真q假，则，得a≥5，若p假q真，则，得1＜a＜2，综上a∈（1，2）∪[5，+∞）．18．【解答】（本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）由题可知，由于圆柱OO1有一个内切球，所以．因此，圆柱OO 1的底面半径为，高为，所以圆柱的侧面积为…（3分）由题可知，圆柱OO1的内切球的半径为，所以该内切球的体积……………（6分）（Ⅱ）由于CE＝1，CE＝BF，所以E，F分别为AC、BC的中点．由题可知CB，CA，CC1两两垂直，所以可以以C为坐标原点，所在方向分别为x，y，z的正方向建立空间直角坐标系（如图）．由（Ⅰ）的条件可得：，，∴即异面直线B1E与C1F所成角的余弦值为．……………………（12分）19．【解答】解：（I）如图，直线l1：y＝2，设l1与l交于点D，则D（，2）．∵l的倾斜角为30°∴l 2的倾斜角为60°，即所以反射光线l2所在直线方程为，即．（II）设圆心C（a，b），由题意可知：圆心C在过点D且与l垂直的直线上，且C点在A点的下方，则，∴．又圆心C在过点A且与l1垂直的直线上，∴，b＝﹣1故圆C的半径r＝2﹣（﹣1）＝3，所以圆C的方程为．20．【解答】证明：（Ⅰ）连接BD，设AC∩BD＝O，连结OE，∵四边形ABCD为矩形，∴O是BD的中点，∵点E是棱PD的中点，∴PB∥EO，又PB⊄平面AEC，EO⊂平面AEC，∴PB∥平面AEC．解：（Ⅱ）由题可知AB，AD，AP两两垂直，分别以、、的方向为坐标轴方向建立空间直角坐标系．设由可得AP＝AB，于是可令AP＝AB＝AD＝2，则A（0，0，0），B（2，0，0），C（2，2，0），D（0，2，0），P（0，0，2），E（0，1，1），F（1，1，1）设平面CAF的一个法向量为．由于，∴，解得x＝﹣1，所以．∵y轴⊂平面DAF，∴设平面DAF的一个法向量为．∵，∴，解得z＝﹣1，∴．∴．∴二面角C﹣AF﹣D的大小为60°．21．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）如图所示，狼要想吃掉兔子，就必须先到达M点或与兔子同时到达M点，即有：，化简得2|BM|≤|AM|，即，两边平方并整理得：3x2+3y2﹣4y≤0，即，所以，兔子的所有不幸点构成的区域为半圆及其内部．由圆的面积公式可得：＝，所以兔子的所有不幸点组成的区域的面积S为．（Ⅱ）如上图，过点A作半圆的切线，切点为F，在Rt△APF中，，所以，兔子要想不被狼吃掉，则不能沿∠CAF的以内方向跑，则，又．故兔子能逃脱的概率是．22．【解答】（本小题满分12分）解：（I）由|F2M|＝|F2N|，F1E∥F2N，知△EF1M是等腰三角形，即|EF1|＝|EM|．∴……（3分）∴E点轨迹是以F1，F2为焦点的椭圆，∴，故b2＝1，因此点E的轨迹（y≠0）…………………（5分）证明：（II）设l'：y＝kx+t，P（x1，y1），Q（x2，y2），联立…（7分）则①，又由知：（x1+2）（x2+2）+y1y2＝0⇒（x1+2）（x2+2）+（kx1+t）（kx2+t）＝0，，将①式代入并化简得：5t2﹣16kt+12k2＝0，解得．当t＝2k时，直线y＝kx+2k恒过A（﹣2，0），不满足题意；当时，直线恒过定点．……………………（10分）当直线l'与横轴垂直时，令l'：x＝h，x P＝x Q＝h，，∴，化简得5h2+16h+12＝0，解得或h＝﹣2（舍去），即此时也有直线l'过定点．…………（11分）综上可知，当，直线l'过定点．…………………（12分）。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试语文试题 Word版
黄山市2018～2019年度第一学期期末质量检测高二语文试题说明：试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
全卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）一、现代文阅读（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。
①佛、道二教同传统儒家并称“三教”。
三教自并立以来，既相互排斥争斗，也相互吸收、不断融合，成为中国文化一大特色。
儒家自汉武帝“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”之后逐渐成为官方意识形态。
与此同时，佛教精微而高深的义理，道教的神仙方术、长生不老思想对皇帝贵族和一般士人有着巨大的吸引力；因果轮回、鬼神报应又迎合了普通大众的迷信心理。
故无论儒家如何抵制，佛道二教的声势和影响日渐扩大，包括小说在内的艺术领域亦受其浸染。
②三教在融合的过程中，不断向世俗化推进，以求贴近广大下层民众，扩大影响。
这在小说中有大量的反映。
《太平广记》载唐代俳优李可及以倡优身份讲论三教，言释迦如来、太上老君、文宣王皆为妇人。
将三教所奉教主作为取笑逗乐的对象，虽有不敬之嫌，但客观上反映了当时较为宽松的文化环境，以及三教间融洽的关系，而皇帝听罢“意极欢，宠锡颇厚”，也表明统治者乐见三教间和谐共处。
③唐宋文言小说中三教思想的融合方式有两种：一是在一部小说中收入了表现三家思想的故事，这早在魏晋南北朝时期的《世说新语》《搜神记》等作品中已有所表现；另一种方式是在一则故事中反映出两家甚至三家思想。
唐宋文言小说中存在大量有意模糊佛道界限的作品，僧人道士化、道士僧人化。
例如，《广异记•刘清真》中的五台山僧人即是佛道一体的形象。
④中国古代的三教融合往往呈现“以儒家为主导，释道二教向其靠拢”的形态，如释道二教都将“忠”“孝”置于教义中的重要地位。
唐代佛教类书《法苑珠林》中设有“君臣”“纳谏”“忠孝”等类目，显示了佛教典籍对儒家思想的吸收。
道教作为本土宗教，对儒家伦理道德的提倡和强调较佛教更加主动，葛洪明确将“忠孝和顺仁信”作为修道的前提，其戒律要求信徒“不得不忠不孝不仁不信，当尽节君亲，推诚万物”。
精校word版----2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试数学(文)试题(解析版)
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试数学（文）试题一、单选题1．若直线a平行于平面α，则下列结论错误的是( )A．直线a上的点到平面α的距离相等B．直线a平行于平面α内的所有直线C．平面α内有无数条直线与直线a平行D．平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a成90°角【答案】B【解析】由题意，根据两直线的位置关系的判定，以及直线与平面的位置关系，逐一判定，即可得到答案.【详解】由题意，直线a平行于平面α，则对于A中，直线a上的点到平面α的距离相等是正确的；对于B中，直线a与平面α内的直线可能平行或异面，所以不正确；对于C中，平面α内有无数条直线与直线a平行是正确的；对于D中，平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a成90°角是正确的，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了空间中两直线的位置关系的判定，其中解答中熟记空间中两条直线的三种位置关系是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与论证能力，属于基础题.2．在空间直角坐标系中，点关于平面的对称点是( )A．B．C．D．【答案】D【解析】空间直角坐标系中任一点关于坐标平面的对称点为，即可求得答案【详解】根据空间直角坐标系中点的位置关系可得点关于平面的对称点是故选本题考查了对称点的坐标的求法，解决此类问题的关键是熟练掌握空间直角坐标系，以及坐标系中点之间的位置关系，属于基础题。
3．已知，则“”是“直线与直线垂直”的( ) A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A【解析】当时，判断两直线是否垂直，由此判断充分性，当两直线垂直时，根据两直线垂直的性质求出的值，由此判断必要性，从而得到答案【详解】充分性：当时，两条直线分别为：与此时两条直线垂直必要性：若两条直线垂直，则，解得故“”是“直线与直线垂直”的充分不必要条件故选【点睛】本题是一道有关充分条件和必要条件的题目，需要分别从充分性和必要性两方面分析，属于基础题。
4．设矩形边长分别为，将其按两种方式卷成高为和的圆柱（无底面），其体积分别为和,则与的大小关系是( )A．B．C．D．不确定【答案】C【解析】根据题意，分别求得卷得圆柱的底面圆的半径，利用圆柱的体积公式，求解两圆柱的体积，比较即可得到答案.由题意，当卷成高为的圆柱时，此时设圆柱的底面半径为，则，解得，则圆柱的体积为，当卷成高为的圆柱时，此时设圆柱的底面半径为，则，解得，则圆柱的体积为，又由，所以，即，故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查了圆柱的侧面展开图，以及圆柱的体积的计算问题，其中解答解答中，根据题意求解两圆柱的底面圆的半径，利用圆柱的体积公式，准确求解圆柱的体积是解答的关键，着重考查了推理与计算能力，属于基础题.5．若从集合中随机取一个数，从集合中随机取一个数，则直线不经过第四象限的概率为( )A．B．C．D．【答案】C【解析】集合，分别有3个元素，则一共可以构成9条不同的直线，要使直线不经过第四象限，则需要满足，然后再确定出满足题意的情况数，最后结合概率公式求解即可【详解】由题意可知本题是一个古典概型，试验发生包含的事件,得到的取值所有可能的结果是：，，，，，，，，，共9种结果由可得，当时，直线不经过第四象限，符合条件的的有，，，，则直线不经过第四象限的概率为故选【点睛】本题属于概率的计算问题，熟练掌握一次函数的图象和性质以及概率的计算公式是解题的关键，属于基础题。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试历史试题Word版含解析
黄山市2018－2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二历史试题本试卷分两部分，第Ⅰ卷选择题，第Ⅱ卷非选择题。
满分100分，考试时间为100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷选择题一、选择题（24小题，每题2分，共48分）1.子曰：“周监于二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾从周。
”下列选项中能体现对西周制度概括的是A. 分封制度，天下归帝B. 宗法制度，天下归嫡C. 井田制度，天下归私D. 礼乐制度，天下归贤【答案】D【解析】【详解】孔子说：“周朝的礼仪制度借鉴于夏、商二代，是多么丰富多彩啊。
我遵从周朝的制度。
”故D项正确；皇帝制度开始于秦朝，故A项排除；宗法制度与材料无关，故B项排除；井田制是中国古代社会的土地国有制度，故C项错误；【点睛】注意关键信息“西周制度”。
2.“春初砍山，众木尽噘。
至当种时，伺有雨候，则前一夕灭之，借其灰以粪。
明日雨作，乘热下种，即苗盛倍收。
”这种耕作方式开始被取代是在A. 商代B. 西周C. 春秋战国D. 西汉【答案】C【解析】【详解】材料中“砍山”“众木尽噘”“明日雨作，乘热下种”说明这种耕作方式特征是：放火烧山，用草木灰作为肥料，是典型的“刀耕火种”，根据所学知识可知，春秋战国时期个体农耕经济逐渐取代刀耕火种，故C项正确；AB项时仍然是刀耕火种，排除；西汉时期个体农耕经济有所发展，故D项排除。
【点睛】首先分析“砍山”“众木尽噘”“明日雨作，乘热下种”；然后结合所学知识得出答案。
3.唐代诗人王建曾作诗描写当时汴州的商业：“水门向晚茶商闹，桥市通宵酒客行。
”从诗句中能得到的信息是①汴州的草市在当时非常繁荣②汴州是当时全国的经济中心③汴州的夜市很具特色④汴州的水路交通很发达A. ①②B. ②③C. ③④D. ①④【答案】C【解析】【详解】材料“汴州的商业”说明的是城市经济的繁荣，故①排除；材料中无法体现出汴州是全国经济重心，故②错误；材料中“晚茶商闹”“通宵酒客行”说明夜市出现，商品经济繁荣，故③正确；材料“水门”“桥市”说明汴州的水路交通比较发达，故④正确；所以答案选C。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末英语试题(解析版)
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）ALife experiences can show one's"grit"（坚韧）．Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions．Ursula Burns，Chairwoman，VEON；Former CEO，XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care．But Burns'early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she would compete her way to the top．"I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，"she says．"Not a lot scares me．"Howard Schultz，Executive Chairman，StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn，surrounded by poverty，and was the first in his family to go to college（on a football scholarship）．After training in sales，he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks．"In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money，I spoke to242people，and217of them said no．"he said．Sean Combs，CEO，Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion．But his story could have turned out much differently：his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3．"It made me work even harder．"he recently said．Geisha Williams，CEO，PG&EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was5．By7，she was her parents'main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey．The experience did help her．"I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．"she told Fortune．1.Who did best in math at school？______bs．B.Burns．C.Schultz．D.Williams．2.How did the death of Combs'father influence him？______A.It made him a failure．B.He became a drug dealer．C.It made him even stronger．D.He became a hip-hopper．3.What can we learn from the passage？______A.Cuba is a good place to do business．B.No one wanted to help Schultz at first．C.Poor family kids can be successful easily．D.Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward．【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】B【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据文章第三段中的But Burns'early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she w ould compete her way to the top．可知Burns在学校数学学的最好，因此答案选B．2．C．推理判断题．结合文章第七段中的But his story could have turned out much differently：his drug dealer father was killed w hen he was3．"It made me work even harder．"he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs 的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C．3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第五段中的最后一句话""In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money，I spoke to242people，and217 of them said no．"he said，可以得知开始时几乎没有人想去帮助Schultz，因此答案选B，其他选项与文章内容不符．文章大意：生活经历可以显示一个人的"勇气"．生活中的复杂挑战帮助一个人培养出他的专业技能，接着作者列举出了四个人的事例．考查人生感悟类阅读理解．本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文中中心内容．答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据．对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案BDear Alcohol，You've been around forever．I can remember all the pain you've caused me．Do you remember the night when you almost took my father's life？I do．He loves you．Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me．He's addicted to you，to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them．You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars．He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night．Do you remember the night of my first high school party？My friends were intrigued by you．They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could．I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you．"I'm so embarrassed，"they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up．"I'm sorry，"they said when I called taxis for them，walking them out and paying the driver in advance．"This won't happen again，"they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped．Two15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you．Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson？Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car headon and killed two people in the other car？He died the next morning，too．His sister walked home from her dance lesson，and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio．She didn't realize her brother was among them at all．She never saw him again．And it was all your fault．I wish you'd walk out of my life forever．I don't want anything to do with you．Look at all the pain you've caused．Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time．But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is not excusable．Stop attracting the people I love!Stop hurting me，please!Sincerely，Me4.What did Alcohol do to the author's father that night？______A.It made him drunk and took his life away．B.It made him kill two other people when he was driving．C.It got him into a car accident and badly injured．D.It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped．5.The underlined phrase"were intrigued by"in Paragraph3probably means"______"．A.were interested inB.were satisfied withC.were familiar withD.were disappointed by6.What is the author's purpose of writing this letter？______A.To warn people not to drive after drinking．B.To persuade people to get away from alcohol．C.To tell people three sad stories about alcohol．D.To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol．7.How was the author feeling while writing this letter？______A.Shocked．B.Responsible．C.Disappointed．D.Sorrowful．【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】B【小题4】D【解析】1．C．细节理解题：从第二段的句子：You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street，crashing into two other cars．He wasn't the only one hurt by you that night．可知酒精让作者的爸爸和另外的车相撞，严重受伤，选C．2．A．词义猜测题：；从第三段的句子：They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could．可以推断出作者的朋友对酒很感兴趣，选A3．B．写作意图题：从全文和最后一段的句子：Look at all the pain you've caused．Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time．But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable．可知作者写这封信是为了说明酒精给人们多么大的伤害，让读者远离酒精；故选B．4．D．推理判断题．根据第一段You've been around forever．I can remember all the pain you've caused me可知作者在写这封信时是悲伤的；故选D．这篇文章是一封书信，作者用拟人化的手法，写信给酒精，痛诉它给人们带来的伤害，希望它远离自己的生活，不要再伤害周围的人了阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．CWorking up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare-the man has nearly1，500valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards．Mr．Plastic Fantastic-a title given to him by Guinness World Records-is also the proud owner of the world's longest wallet，which can hold about800cards．But he uses it only to carry a few cards，while the rest are safely kept in bank safedeposit boxes．Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late1960s．"One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，"he said．"I got143cards by the end of the year，and my friend gathered138．"After winning that bet，Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection．He got credit cards from gas stations，airlines，bars，and even ice cream stores．If there's one card missing from Cavanagh's collection，it's that from the Newberry Company．They repulsed his application for a card in the early1970s，even though he'd collected over100by then．They said he had too much credit．Therefore，so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection．Cavanagh hasn't stopped applying for new cards-he's held the Guinness Record since1971and has no intention of letting go of it．He copies whole pages from a U．S．directory of businesses and keeps sending applications．If he receives a rejection，he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition．But he doesn't count useless cards in his total collection．Thanks to all the cards to his name，Cavanagh has access to about＄1.7million at any moment．Despite this privilege，he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score．The72-year-old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share："Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months．If you don't have the discipline，you shouldn't have the cards．"8.Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he______．A.owned a very long walletB.made a bet with his friendC.wanted to create a Guinness RecordD.was treated to dinner by his friend．9.What does the underlined word"repulsed"in Paragraph3probably mean？______A.Rejected．B.Recalled．C.Repeated．D.Recognized．10.What do the underlined words"the discipline"in the last paragraph probably refer to？______A.Having many cards to your own name．B.Buying things by card and paying off in time．C.Managing to own more privileges for your card．ing a card to buy things as many times as possible．11.What do we know about Cavanagh's cards？______A.Some of them are useless．B.They are safely kept in his long wallet．C.They have brought him fame and privilege．D.Fewer new cards are added to his collections．【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】B【小题4】C【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据第二段中的"Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late1960s．‘One of my best friends and I made a silly bet：the guy who could collect more credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，'he said．"可知，自从跟朋友打赌后，Cavanagh就开始收集信用卡了．结合选项，故选B．2．A．词义猜测题．根据第三段中的"They said he had too much credit．Therefore，so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection．"可知，Cavanagh没Newberry Company 的卡，表明他的申请被拒绝了．结合选项，故选A．3．B．词义猜测题．根据最后一段中的"Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months．"可知，Cavanagh建议人们：如果几个月内无法偿还信用贷款，那最好别用信用卡购物．结合选项，故选B．4．C．推理判断题．根据第一段中的"holds the Guinness World Record for the most credit cards"及倒数第二段中"Despite this privilege"可知，Cavanagh收藏的信用卡给他带来名声并且使他享有一些特权．结合选项，故选C．文章讲述了Walter Cavanagh拥有将近1500张信用卡，信用额度高达170万美元，创下世界纪录．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．DStanding on one leg is a simple way to assess someone's risk of suffering a stroke（中风），suggests a new study．Researchers have found struggling to balance on one leg for20seconds or longer is linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel（血管）damage in the brain and reduced thinking ability in otherwise healthy people with no symptoms．"Our study found the ability to balance on one leg is an important test for brain health．Individuals showing poor balance on one leg should receive increased attention，as this may indicate an increased risk of brain diseases and cognitive（认知的）decline，"said Dr Tabara，a professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan．The study，published in the journal Stroke，consisted of841women and546men，with an average age of67．To measure onelegged standing time，they stood with their eyes open and raised one leg．The maximum time for keeping the leg raised was60seconds．The participants performed the examination twice and the better of the two times was used in the study analysis．The researchers found that the inability to balance on one leg for longer than20seconds was associated with brain diseases without symptoms．Overall，those with brain diseases were older and had high blood pressure than those who did not have such diseases．Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score．Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke，this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health．Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age．12.Dr Tabara suggested that one who couldn't stand on one leg for more than20seconds______．A.try to improve his physical abilitiesB.receive medical treatment for brain diseasesC.be given special attention to prevent accidentsD.be examined for other symptoms of brain diseases13.Which of the following factors might decrease onelegged standing time according to thetext？______a．Heart diseases．b．Cognitive decline．c．High blood pressure．d．The aging process．e．Brain diseases．A.a，b，dB.a，c，dC.b，c，eD.b，d，e14.What can we learn about the study from the fourth paragraph？______A.It was led by Dr Tabara．B.It included more than1，300people．C.It examined people of different age groups．D.It required the participants to close their eyes first．15.Which of the following might be the best title for the text？______A.Overall Brain Health Deserves Close AttentionB.Brain Diseases Without Symptoms Require AttentionC.Can't Stand on One Leg？You May Be at Risk of StrokeD.Can't Keep Your Balance？You May Have Brain Damage【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题4】C【解析】答案：1-4CDBC1．C细节理解题．根据第二段可知，研究发现单腿站立时间不超过20秒的人可能有更大的得脑部血管疾病的风险；根据第三段第二句可知，Tabara教授建议单腿站立平衡性差的人应当受到更多的关注，因为这类人患脑部疾病和认知能力下降的风险很大．故选C．2．D．理解推断题．根据倒数第二段Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score．Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke，this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health．单腿站立的时间越短，认知得分越低，尽管先前的研究已经检查了体能和中风的风险之间的联系，这是第一批深入研究单腿站立的时间长短的研究之一，以此作为大脑整体健康状况的指标．倒数第一段Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age．Tabara博士和他的研究小组还发现，单腿站立困难与年龄增长之间存在密切联系，因此与认知、大脑健康、年龄有关，故选D．3．B细节理解题．根据第四段第一句中的consisted of841women and546men可知，这项研究共有1，387人参与，故选B．4．C标题概括题．本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短，研究人员能够推断出其患中风风险的大小，故选C．一项新研究发现，通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短能够推断出其患中风风险的大小以及认知能力是否下降．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Americans use many expressions with the word dog．People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．(1)．However，dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life．The expression，to lead a dog's life，describes a person who has an unhappy life．Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．(2)．They say if a person wants to be successful he has to work like a dog．This means they have to work very，very hard．Such hard work can make people dog-tired．And，the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog．(3)．This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．To be successful，people often have to learn new skills．Yet，some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks．They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things．(4)．People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want．But mean dogs are often used guard this property．They bark or attack people who try to enter the property．However，sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad．We say his bark is worse than his bite．Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．The dog days of summer are thehottest days of the year．A rain in summer may cool the weather．But we do not want it to rain too hard．(5)．A．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．B．Still，people say every dog has its day．C．Some people are compared to dogs in bad days．D．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore．E．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people．F．That means many people are competing for the same things，like good jobs．G．They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．16. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G【答案】【小题1】G【小题2】F【小题3】B【小题4】C【小题5】A 【解析】GFBCA1．G．文章衔接题．根据前文People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．可知美国的人们爱他们的狗，善待它们．G项：They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．他们带着狗出去散步，让它们在外面玩耍，给它们提供良好的食物和医疗保健．符合文意，故选G．2．F．语境辨析题．根据前文Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．可知有些人说我们生活在一个"狗咬狗"的世界里．F项：That means many people are competing for the same things，like good jobs．这意味着许多人都在为同样的事情而竞争，比如好的工作．符合文意，故选F．3．B．联系下文题．根据后文This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．可知这意味着每个人在一生中都享有一个成功的时期．B项：Still，people say every dog has its day．尽管如此，人们还是说每只狗都有自己的一天．符合文意，故选B．4．C．段落理解题．根据后文People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．可知不友善或漠不关心的人可以被形容为比垃圾场的狗更卑鄙．C 项：Some people are compared to dogs in bad days．有些人在糟糕的日子里被比作狗．符合文意，故选C．5．A．联系上文题．根据本段首句Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．可知狗的表情也用来描述天气．A项：We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．我们不希望它下猫狗雨．符合文意，故选A．本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍美国人使用许多带有字的表达方式．就此作者给出了一些与dog有关的英语短语并解释了这些短语的意思以及使用语境．完成七选五阅读时，我们可以从关联词上查找答案．由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索．在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来．三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）I had not yet had the opportunity to do work experience．Therefore，I was(21)to start it．I was a little nervous(22)，but everybody was so friendly and welcoming that I felt at ease (23)．My first(24)was to help with checking if the website links，telephone numbers and addresses were(25)on the website．I also learned how to construct the weekly newsletter that is(26)each Friday to all registered members．During my work(27)，the staff were always attentive and ready to(28)，which really made me understand how to work(29)at the job I was doing．I also feel that I have become more (30)and confident with learning new skills，being punctual and(31)according to the dress code（着装标准）．I would advise anyone(32)to do work experience to be on time and willing to learn new skills needed for an office(33)．I can also say that although you will initially feel(34)about your first day in work experience，(35)you have become familiar with your job and the staff，you will soon feel a part of the(36)．I have thoroughly(37)my experience and I am very grateful to all the staff for giving me the opportunity to work at their office and for making me feel(38)．In conclusion，I would(39)everybody to undertake work experience-it is an excellent way to (40)skills and experience of a work environment and will make you feel more confident for future careers．21. A.eager B.confident C.patient D.scared22. A.after all B.at first C.more or less D.now and then23. A.frequently B.eventually C.immediately D.occasionally24. A.plan B.dream C.task D.attempt25. A.correct B.elegant C.smooth D.steady26. A.turned over B.given away C.passed on D.sent out27. A.absence B.interview C.application D.experience28. A.help B.cheer C.accuse D.scold29. A.regularly B.effectively fortably D.quickly30. A.satisfied B.popular C.familiar D.reasonable31. A.analyzing B.dressing C.designing D.trading32. A.affording B.wishing C.bothering D.happening33. A.equipment B.building C.decoration D.environment34. A.curious B.concerned C.nervous D.crazy35. A.once B.before C.since D.as36. A.team B.country C.job D.family37. A.ignored B.enjoyed C.forgotten D.started38. A.awful B.energetic C.awkward D.welcome39. A.order B.force C.demand D.recommend40. A.learn B.require C.acquire D.master【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】C【小题5】A 【小题6】D【小题7】D【小题8】A【小题9】B【小题10】C 【小题11】B【小题12】B【小题13】D【小题14】C【小题15】A【小题16】A【小题17】B【小题18】D【小题19】D【小题20】C 【解析】1--5ABCCA6---10．DDABC11--15．BBDCA16---20．ABDDC 1．A．考查形容词辨析．A热切的；B有自信的；C有耐心的；D就坐的．根据前文中我还没来得及有做工作的经验，因为我很渴望开始这项工作，故选A．2．B．考查固定短语辨析．A毕竟；B首先；C或多或少；D偶尔，不时地．根据前文因为没有做过这项工作，所以开始的时候有点紧张，故选B．3．C．考查副词辨析．A频繁地；B最终；C立刻；D偶尔．根据句意每一个人都很友好和热情，所以我立刻感觉很放松．故选C．4．C．考查名词辨析．A计划；B梦；C任务；D尝试．因为是工作，所以应该是第一个任务，故选C．5．A．考查形容词辨析．A正确的；B优雅的；C平滑的；D牢固的．检查的是网站的电话号码地址等是否正确，所以选A．6．D．考查短语辨析．A翻转；B泄露；C传递下去；D送出，寄出．每周五发给所有注册会员的通讯．所以选D．7．D．考查名词辨析．A缺席；B采访；C申请；D经历．在我的工作经历中，工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．所以答案选D．8．A．考查动词辨析．A帮助；B为…喝彩；C指控，谴责；D责备．在我的工作经历中，工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．所以选A．9．B．考查副词辨析．A规则地；B高效地；C舒服地；D快速地．工作人员总是专心致志，乐于助人．这使得我理解如何高效地工作，所以选B．10．C．考查形容词辨析．A感到满意的；B流行的，受欢迎的；C熟悉的；D合理的．对于新的东西应该是熟悉了，所以选C．11．B．考查动词辨析．A分析；B打扮；C设计；D贸易．根据后文中的着装标准，前文一定是进行着装，所以答案选B．12．B．考查动词辨析．A担负的起；B希望，祝愿；C打扰；D发生．我想给那些希望准时做好工作并乐于学习所需的新技能的人，所以答案选B．13．D．考查名词辨析．A设备；B建筑，大楼；C装饰；D环境．根据语境应该是想学习办公室环环境需要的新技能，所以答案选D．14．C．考查形容词辨析．A好奇的；B关心的；C紧张的；D疯狂的．根据下文句子：your first day in work experience，你有工作经历的第一天，所以应该是紧张的，故选C．15．A．考查连词．A一旦；B在…之前；C既然；D因为．分析句子可知本句是一个时间状语从句，一旦你熟悉了你的工作和员工，所以选A．16．A．考查名词辨析．A团队；B国家；C工作；D家庭．因为是在工作中，所以应该是工作团队中的一员．故选A．17．B．考查动词辨析．A忽略，不理睬；B喜欢；C忘记；D开始．根据后文作者的描述非常感激员工，可见作者现在已经很喜欢自己的工作经历，所以选B．18．D．考查形容词辨析．A可怕的；B充满活力的；C难对付的；D受欢迎的．我的工友们让我感觉到很受欢迎，所以选D．19．D．考查名词辨析．A命令；B武力；C要求；D推荐．根据语境可知此处作者要推荐给那些承担工作经验的那些人，所以答案选D．20．C．考查动词辨析．A学习；B要求；C学得，获得；D精通，熟练．这是获得工作环境技能和经验的好方法，而且会让你对未来的职业更有信心．所以选C．作者通过自己第一次工作经历，虽然有点紧张不怎么自信，但是在新的环境中适应的很好，想提醒大家，工作经验是获得工作环境技能和经验的好方法，而且会让你对未来的职业更有信心．近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完型填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing(1)（popular）in the international world of high fashion．The name"cheongsam"(2)（mean）simply"long dress"entered the English vocabulary from the dialect ofChina's Guangdong Province．In other parts of the country including Beijing，however，it(3)（know）as"qipao"，which has a history behind it．After the early Manchu（满族的）rulers came to China，the Manchu women wore(4)（normal）a onepiece dress which came to be called"qipao"．(5)the1911Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty，the female dress survived the political change and，with later improvements，has become the traditional dress for Chinese women．The cheongsam，(6)neck is high，collar closed，fits well the Chinese female figure，and its sleeves may be either short，medium or full(7)（long），depending on seasons or tastes．In addition，it is not too complicated(8)（make）．Nor(9)it need too much material．Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either(10)casual or formal occasions．In either case，it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm，elegance and neatness．【答案】【小题1】popularity【小题2】meaning【小题3】is known【小题4】normally【小题5】Although/Though/While【小题6】whose【小题7】length【小题8】to make【小题9】does【小题10】on【解析】1．popularity考查名词．enjoy是及物动词，后接名词作宾语．故填popularity．2．meaning考查现在分词．分析句子结构可知此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语，相当于定语从句"which means…"．故填meaning．3．is known，考查被动，主语是it，而且是一般现在时，be known as：作为…被熟知，故填is known．4．normally考查副词．wear是动词，要用副词形式来修饰动词．故填normally．5．Although/Though/While考查连词．句意：尽管1911年的辛亥革命结束了清朝的统治，但旗袍在这次政治变革中被保留了下来…．用连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句．故填Although/Though/While．6．whose考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词cheongsam在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose．7．length考查名词．根据句意：（旗袍的）袖子可以是短袖，中袖，也可是长袖．"length"表达表达"长度"之意，故填length．8．to make考查特殊句型．too…to…句型为"too+形容词或副词+to do…"译为"太…而不能…"，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的，to do不定式应用主动形式表示被动含义．故填to make．9．does考查倒装句．上句话提到的情况同样适合下文的人或物，为了避免和上文的内容重复，英语习惯用so，neither/nor引导的倒装句．so引导的倒装句表示肯定，neither/nor引导的倒装句表示否定，其时态与前一句时态保持一致，上下文陈述的不是同一人或事物．根据文中时态应用一般现在时，且句子主语为第三人称单数形式，用does．10．on考查介词．表示"在…场合"时，用短语on…occasions．故填介词on．本文主要介绍旗袍．旗袍是独具中国特色的女性服饰，在高端时尚的国际世界中日益流行．上身容易，穿着舒适，旗袍特别适合中国女性的身材．它的好处在于可以使用多种材质，并以不同长度制作，因此在休闲和正式场合都可穿着．对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．There are many people think that wealth is better than health．I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce．He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted．Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life．Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief．I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world．If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do．So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money．Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do．Health is more important．【答案】There are many people think that wealth is better than health．I used to think so until one day Ihad read a story about Howard Joyce．He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted．Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life．Although the best doctors∧called for him，he could still find no relief．I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world．If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do．So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money．Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do．Health is more important．1．将think改为thinking或think前加who．考查现在分词或定语从句．根据句子结构分析，There are many people为完整句子，此处用现在分词thinking表主动关系作后置定语，或者在think前加who构成定语从句，先行词为people，在从句作主语，指人用关系代词who，故将think改为thinking或think前加who．2．去掉had．考查动词时态．根据句子结构分析，由one day可知此处应该用一般过去时，故去掉had．3．将an改为a．考查冠词．根据European单词首字母发音可知是辅音，故此处不定冠词应该用a，故将an改为a．4．将Therefore改为However．考查副词．根据前后句意可知，他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，但在他生命的最后二十年里，他的健康开始恶化，他过着悲惨的生活．此处表达转折关系，故将Therefore改为However．5．将miserably改为miserable．考查形容词．根据句子结构分析，修饰后面名词life应。
【国家百强校】2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试数学(文)试题 word版
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二（文科）数学试题 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 满分60分）一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1. 若直线a 平行于平面α，则下列结论错误．．的是 A ．直线a 上的点到平面α的距离相等 B ．直线a 平行于平面α内的所有直线 C ．平面α内有无数条直线与直线a 平行D ．平面α内存在无数条直线与直线a 成90°角2. 在空间直角坐标系中，点)3,1,2(-关于平面xOz 的对称点是 A ．)3,1,2(---B ．)3,1,2(-C ．)3,1,2(--D ．)3,1,2(3. 已知R b R a ∈∈,，则“3=a ”是“直线012=-+y ax 与直线012)1(=+-+ay x a 垂直”的A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件4. 设矩形边长分别为()，＞、b a b a 将其按两种方式卷成高为a 和b 的圆柱（无底面）,其体积分别为a V 和b V ,则a V 与b V 的大小关系是 A ．b a V V ＞B ．b a V V =C ．b a V V ＜D ．不确定5. 若从集合{}2,1,2-=A 中随机取一个数a ，从集合{}3,1,1-=B 中随机取一个数b ，则直线0=+-b y ax 不经过．．．第四象限的概率为 A ．92B ．31C ．94D ．41 6. 若直线2:1+-=k kx y l 与直线2l 关于点)1,2(对称，则直线2l 恒过定点 A ．)1,3( B ．)0,3( C ．)1,0( D ．)1,2(7. 已知x y 2=是双曲线12222=-bx a y 的一条渐近线，则双曲线的离心率为211 2 1 1 主视图 左视图俯视图A ．25B ．5C ．2D ．25或58. 一个棱锥的三视图如图所示，则该棱锥的体积是 A ．624+ B ．64+ C ．32 D ．34 9．若直线l 将圆22420x y x y +--=平分，且不 通过第四象限，则直线l 斜率的取值范围是A ．[]1,0B ．⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡21,0C ．⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡1,21 D ．[]2,010.设实数对(),x y 满足()2211x y -+≤，则该实数对(),x y 满足20x y --≥的概率为A ．14 B ．4π C ．24ππ- D ．424ππ- 11.两圆2221:240()C x y ax a a R +++-=∈与2222:210()C x y by b b R +--+=∈只有一条公切线，则a b +的最小值为 A ．1 B ．2 C ．2-D ．2-12.如图,正方体1111D C B A ABCD -的棱长为1,线段11D B 上有 两个动点E 、F ,且12EF =，则下列结论错误．．的是 A ．AC BE ⊥B ．三棱锥A BEF -的体积为定值C ．EF ∥平面ABCDD ．△AEF 的面积与△BEF 的面积相等第II 卷（非选择题 满分90分）二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.)13.经过点(2,3)-且与直线250x y +-=垂直的直线方程为________________________．14.正方体1111D C B A ABCD -中，AC 与1BC 所成的角是____________． 15.已知抛物线y x C 2:2=，过其焦点F 作斜率为21的直线l 交C 于,A B 两点，则弦长 =AB _____．16.棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的8个顶点都在球O 的表面上，E 、F 分别是棱AB 、AD 的中点，则直线EF 被球O 截得的线段长为__________________．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．） 17.（本小题满分10分）设命题:p 在矩形ABCD 中，a AB AD ==,1，线段CD 上存在一点M ，使得BM AM ⊥；命题:q x R ∀∈，函数1)3()(2+-+=x a x x f 图象与x 轴没有交点．如果命题“p ∨q ”是真命题，且“p ∧q ”是假命题，求实数a 的取值范围．18.（本小题满分12分）如图，圆柱1OO 内有一个三棱柱111ABC A B C -，三棱柱的底面为圆柱底面的内接三角形，且AB 是圆O 直径，12AA AC CB ===．E,F 分别为AC,BC 上的动点，且CE BF =． （Ⅰ）设CE BF x ==，当x 为何值时，三棱锥1C ECF -的体积最大，最大值为多少？ （Ⅱ）若F 、M 分别为线段BC 、1CC 的中点，求证：11B M C O ⊥．19.（本小题满分12分）若椭圆:C 12222=+b y a x 是以双曲线1322=-y x 的顶点为焦点，以其焦点为顶点. （Ⅰ）求椭圆C 的方程；（Ⅱ）若P 是椭圆C 上的一点，1F 、2F 是椭圆C 的两焦点，且︒=∠9021PF F ，求21F PF ∆ 的面积.C 1B 1A 1BO AO 1 CEFMAPBCDEOl 1l l 2DBAOxy20.（本小题满分12分）如图，在四棱锥ABCD P -中，ABCD 为菱形，PA ⊥平面ABCD ，连接AC BD 、交于点O ，6AC =，8BD =，E 是棱PC 上的动点，连接DE . （Ⅰ）求证：平面BDE ⊥平面PAC ；（Ⅱ）当BED ∆面积的最小值是4时，求四棱锥ABCD P -的体积．21.（本小题满分12分）如图所示，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，平行于x 轴且过点A (33,2)的入射光线1l 被直线03:=-y x l 反射，反射光线2l 交y 轴于B 点，圆C 过点A ，且与1l 、2l 相切. （Ⅰ）求2l 所在直线的方程； （Ⅱ）求圆C 的方程.EN F 1F 2OM lxy22.（本小题满分12分）已知点)0,3(1-F 和圆16)3(:222=+-y x F ，过1F 的动直线l 与圆2F 交于M 、N 两点，过1F 作直线12//F E F N ，交2F M 于E 点． （Ⅰ）求动点E 的轨迹C 的方程；（Ⅱ）若不经过(2,0)A -的直线l '与轨迹C 交于Q P ,两点，且0=⋅AQ AP .求证：直线l ' 恒过定点．A BCDM xx a -黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二（文科）数学参考答案及评分标准一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案BDACCBADBCCD二、填空题(本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.) 13.082=+-y x 14.3π 15.2516.6三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．） 17.（本小题满分10分）解：若命题p 为真：如图可知222AB BM AM =+,即011)(12222=+-⇒=+-++ax x a x a x 有解，故由 2042≥⇒≥-=∆a a （2-≤a 舍去）; …………5分（可用几何法以AB 为直径的圆与CD 有交点直接得到2≥a ） 若命题q 为真：5104)3(2<<⇒<--=∆a a ……8分由题可知q p ,一真一假，故),5[)2,1(+∞⋃∈a . ……………………………10分 18.（本小题满分12分） 解：（I ）由)2(312)2(213121x x x x V ECF C +-=⋅-⋅⋅⋅=-知， 当1=x 时，三棱锥1C ECF -的体积最大，max 13V =.……………………………6分 （II ）证明：由M B OF C C BB OF C C BB AC ACOF 11111//⊥⇒⊥⇒⎭⎬⎫⊥平面平面.又由四边形C C BB 11为正方形，知︒=∠+∠⇒∆≅∆90111111MC B F CC CF C Rt M C B Rt ， 所以F C M B 11⊥，故O C M B F OC M B 1111⊥⇒⊥平面. ……………………12分 19.（本小题满分12分）解：（I ）由题知，椭圆的24132=⇒=+=a a ，132=⇒=b c . …………4分BxyODAl 2l 1l APBCDEO故所求椭圆方程为： 2214x y +=； ……………………………6分 （II ）由题1212222121224212PF PF a PF PF PF PF F F ⎧+==⎪⇒⋅=⎨+==⎪⎩ …………10分 故21F PF ∆的面积12121=⋅=PF PF S . …………………………12分 20.（本小题满分12分） （Ⅰ）证明：由PAC BD PABD ACBD 平面⊥⇒⊥⊥}，又因为BDE BD 平面⊂，故平面BDE ⊥平面PAC . ………6分 （Ⅱ）由题知，当OE 最小时，BED ∆面积的最小，1421=⇒=⨯⨯=OE OE BD S ，此时PC OE ⊥，即当PC OE ⊥时，22,1==CE OE ，又由223~=⇒=⇒∆∆PA AC CE PA OE CPA COE ， 所以212223862131=⋅⋅⋅⋅=-ABCD P V . ………………………………12分 21.（本小题满分12分）解：（I ）如图，直线1l ：2=y ，设1l 与l 交于点D ， 则D （32，2）. …………2分l 的倾斜角为30°∴2l 的倾斜角为60°，即32=k ………4分所以反射光线2l 所在直线方程为)32(32-=-x y ，即043=--y x . ……………………6分 （II ）设圆心C （a ，b ），由题意可知：圆心C 在过点D 且与l 垂直的直线上，且C 点在A 点E NF 1F 2OM lxyQAOPxy 的下方，则3322-=--a b ，83+-=∴a b . ……………………7分又圆心C 在过点A 且与1l 垂直的直线上，33=∴a ，1b =- …………9分 故圆C 的半径3)1(2=--=r ，所以圆C 的方程为9)1()33(22=++-y x . …12分 22.（本小题满分12分）解：（I ）由2212,//F M F N FE F N =，知1EF M ∆是等腰三角形，即1EF EM =.32421221=>=+=+∴F F EF EM EF EF ……3分∴E 点轨迹是以12,F F 为焦点的椭圆， 3,2==∴c a ，故12=b ，因此点E 的轨迹14:22=+y xC (0)y ≠ …………………5分 （II ）设),(),,(,:2211y x Q y x P t kx y l +='，则联立0448)41(4422222=-+++⇒⎩⎨⎧=++=t ktx x k y x tkx y …7分 则22212214144,418kt x x k kt x x +-=+-=+①，又由0=⋅AQ AP 知： 0))(()2)(2(0)2)(2(21212121=+++++⇒=+++t kx t kx x x y y x x 04)(2)1(221212=++++++⇒t x x kt x x k ）（，将①式代入并化简得：01216522=+-k kt t ，解得k k t 562或=. 当k t 2=时，直线k kx y 2+=恒过)0,2(-A ，不满足题意； 当k t 56=时，直线k kx y 56+=恒过定点)0,56(-. ……………………10分 当直线l '与横轴垂直时，令h x l =':，h x x Q P ==，222411h y y Q P -== 221(2)104AP AQ h h ∴⋅=+-+=，化简得2516120h h ++=，解得56-=h 或2h =-（舍去），即此时也有直线l '过定点)0,56(-. …………11分综上可知，当0=⋅AQ AP ，直线l '过定点)0,56(-. …………………12分。
2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试化学试题 解析版
安徽省黄山市2018-2019学年高二上学期期末考试化学试题1.化学与社会、生产、生活密切相关，下列说法错误．．的是A. “煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣”，句中涉及的能量变化主要是化学能转化为热能和光能B. 泡沫灭火器可用于一般的起火，也适用于电器起火C. 加入Na2S可除去工业废水中Cu2+和Hg2+等离子D. 草木灰不能与铵态氮肥混合施用【答案】B【解析】【详解】A.“豆箕”是大豆的秸秆，主要成分为纤维素，燃烧纤维素是把化学能转化为热能和光能，A正确；B.泡沫灭火器中加入的主要是碳酸氢钠和硫酸铝溶液，两者混合时发生双水解反应，生成大量的二氧化碳泡沫，该泡沫可进行灭火，但是，喷出的二氧化碳气体泡沫中一定含有水，形成了电解质溶液，具有一定的导电能力，可能导致触电或电器短路，B错误；C.CuS和HgS是难溶于水的物质，加入Na2S可使工业废水中Cu2+和Hg2+转化为沉淀而除去，C 正确；D.草木灰呈碱性，能与铵态氮肥混合产生氨气，造成肥效降低，D正确；故合理选项是B。
2.化学用语是学习化学的重要工具，下列用来表示物质变化的化学用语中正确的是A. 汽车用的铅蓄电池充电时阳极反应：PbSO4＋2H2O－2e－== PbO2＋4H＋＋SO42﹣B. 利用Na 2CO3溶液可除油污：CO32－ + 2H2O H2CO3 + 2OH－C. BaSO 4的水溶液导电性极弱：BaSO4 Ba2++SO42﹣D. 用醋酸除去暖瓶中的水垢：2H＋＋CaCO3== Ca2＋＋ CO2↑＋ H2O【答案】A【解析】【分析】A.充电时阳极反应上硫酸铅失去电子；B.碳酸根离子水解分步进行，以第一步为主；C. BaSO4在溶液中溶解度很小，完全电离；D. 醋酸在离子反应中保留化学式；【详解】A.汽车用的铅蓄电池充电时阳极反应为PbSO4+2H2O-2e-=PbO2+4H++SO42-，A正确；B.利用Na2CO3溶液的碱性可除油污，离子反应为CO32-+H2O HCO3-+OH-，B错误；C.BaSO4在溶液中溶解度很小，溶液中带电离子的浓度很小，导电性极弱，但是BaSO4是强电解质完全电离，不存在电离平衡，C错误；D.用醋酸除去暖瓶中的水垢的离子反应为2CH3COOH+CaCO3=2CH3COO-+Ca2++CO2↑+H2O，D错误；故合理选项是A【点睛】本题考查离子反应方程式正误判断的知识。
【国家百强校】2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市高二上学期期末考试物理试题 word版
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二（理）物理试题（考试时间：100分钟满分：100分）题号一、二三四总分1-12 13-14 15 16 17得分一、单项选择题（本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项正确。
请将正确答案选出并填在答题卷中。
）1．关于元电荷和点电荷的理解，下列说法中正确的是A．只有带电量很少的物体才能看成点电荷B．只有很小的带电物体才能看成点电荷C．物体所带的电量只能是元电荷的整数倍D．元电荷就是电子2．两个完全相同的带异种电荷金属小球A和B，电量大小之比为1：9 。
两球相互接触再放回原来的位置，接触前、后两小球之间的力大小之比为A．9：16 B．16：9 C．9:25 D．25：93．关于电源电动势，下列说法中正确的是A．电源两极电压的大小一定等于电源电动势的大小B．电动势E的大小，与非静电力做功W的大小成正比，与电荷量q的大小成反比C．电动势是表示电源把电能转化为其它形式的能的本领大小的物理量D．电动势是表示电源把其它形式的能转化为电能的本领大小的物理量4．平行板电容器充电后，与电源断开，若将两板间的云母电介质移出，则电容器A．电容增大，两板间电压增大 B．电容减小，两板间电压增大C．电容增大，两板间电场强度不变 D．电容减小，两板间电场强度减小5．一台电风扇，内阻为20Ω，接在220V的电路中，正常工作时消耗的电功率为44W。
下列说法中错误．．的是A．通过电风扇的电流为11A B．电风扇的机械功率为43.2WC．电风扇的发热功率为0.8W D．电风扇的效率为98.2％6．如右图所示，一条形磁铁静放在粗糙的斜面上。
在其上方固定一根与磁铁垂直的长直导线，当导线中通以图示方向的电流时A．磁铁对斜面的压力增大，磁铁仍保持静止B．磁铁对斜面的压力增大，磁铁将加速下滑C．磁铁对斜面的压力减小，磁铁一定保持静止D．磁铁对斜面的压力减小，磁铁可能下滑7．如图所示，螺线管匝数n=1000匝，横截面积S=20cm2，螺线管导线电阻r=1Ω，电阻R=3Ω，管内磁场的磁感应强度B的B-t图象如图所示(以向右为正方向),下列说法错误．．的是A．通过电阻R的电流方向是从C到AB．电阻R两端的电压为4VC．感应电流的大小为1AD． 0-2s内通过R的电荷量为2C8．如右下图所示，水平放置的金属三角形导轨COD上放有一根金属棒MN，整个装置处在如图所示的匀强磁场中。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
黄山市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二（理）化学试题（考试时间：100分钟满分：100分）可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 O -16 Mg -24 Cl -35.5 Fe-56 Mn -55第Ⅰ卷（选择题共48分）（本卷包括16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请将正确选项标号填入答题卡上对应位置）1．化学与社会、生产、生活密切相关，下列说法错误．．的是A．“煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣”，句中涉及的能量变化主要是化学能转化为热能和光能B．泡沫灭火器可用于一般的起火，也适用于电器起火C．加入Na2S可除去工业废水中Cu2+和Hg2+等离子D．草木灰不能与铵态氮肥混合施用2．化学用语是学习化学的重要工具，下列用来表示物质变化的化学用语中正确的是A．汽车用的铅蓄电池充电时阳极反应：PbSO4＋2H2O－2e－== PbO2＋4H＋＋SO42﹣CO3溶液可除油污：CO32－+ 2H2O H2CO3 + 2OH－B．利用Na的水溶液导电性极弱：BaSO4 Ba2++SO42﹣C．BaSOD．用醋酸除去暖瓶中的水垢：2H＋＋CaCO3== Ca2＋＋CO2↑＋H2O3．下列依据热化学方程式得出的结论正确的是A．已知2SO 2(g)＋O2(g) 2SO3(g)为放热反应，则SO2的能量一定高于SO3的能量B．已知2C(s)＋2O2(g) == 2CO2(g) ΔH1, 2C(s)＋O2(g)==2CO(g) ΔH2，则ΔH1<ΔH2 C．已知H＋(aq)＋OH－(aq) == H2O(l) ΔH＝－57.3kJ·mol－1，则任何酸碱中和反应的热效应数值均为57.3kJD．已知C(石墨，s) == C(金刚石，s) ΔH>0，则金刚石比石墨稳定－，若要使平衡向逆反应方向4．稀氨水中存在着下列平衡：NH移动，同时使c(OH－)增大，应加入适量的物质是①NH4Cl固体②硫酸③NaOH固体④水⑤加热⑥加入少量MgSO4固体A．①②③⑤ B．③⑥C．③D．③⑤5．室温下，下列比值为2∶1的是A．pH=2 与pH=1的硝酸中c(H+)之比B．等浓度的(NH4)2SO4(aq)与NH4Cl(aq)中c(NH4+)之比为2:1C．0.2mol/L 与0.lmol/L 醋酸中c(H+)之比D．pH=7的硫酸铵与氨水混合溶液中c(NH4+)与c(SO42-)之比6．升高温度,下列数据不一定增大的是A. 化学反应速率vB. 水的离子积常数K WC. 化学平衡常数KD. 醋酸的电离平衡常数K a7．下列叙述中，不能用平衡移动原理解释的是A．用排饱和食盐水的方法收集氯气B．SO2催化氧化制SO3的过程中使用过量的氧气，以提高二氧化硫的转化率C．溴水中有下列平衡Br2+H2O HBr+HBrO，当加入硝酸银溶液后，溶液颜色变浅D．锌与稀硫酸反应，加入少量硫酸铜反应速率加快8．下列条件下，对应离子一定能大量共存的是A．中性溶液中：Mg2＋、Fe3＋、SO32―、Cl―B．使甲基橙变红的溶液中：NH4+、Al3＋、SO42﹣、Mg2+C．25℃时，水电离出的c（H+）=1×10―13mol/L：K+、Ba2+、NO3―、S2―D．c(H＋)/c(OH－) = 1×1012的溶液中：Fe2＋、NO3－、HCO3－、Na＋9．下列有关生活生产中的叙述合理的是A．铜的精炼工业和电镀铜工业，均可采用CuSO4溶液做电解质溶液B．明矾和漂白粉分别用于自来水的净化和杀菌消毒，两者的作用原理相同C．水库的钢闸门与电源负极相连以防止其生锈，该法即牺牲阳极的阴极保护法D．工业上合成氨采用500℃左右的温度，其原因是适当加快NH3 的合成速率，催化剂在500℃左右时其活性最好，且能提高H2的转化率10．N A是阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是A．0.1mol FeCl3完全水解形成Fe(OH)3胶体的胶粒数为0.1N AB．1 mol N2与 3 mol H2充分反应，产物的分子数为 2N AC．钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀时，0.56g Fe反应转移电子数为0.03N AD．1L 0.1mol·L－1的NaHCO3溶液中HCO3－和CO32－离子数之和小于0.1N A11．为达到预期的实验目的，下列操作中正确的是A．用玻璃棒蘸取待测液滴在润湿的pH试纸上，测得其pH为12B．制FeCl3溶液时，将FeCl3固体溶于盐酸中，然后再用水稀释到所需的浓度C．中和热测定的实验中使用的玻璃仪器只有2种D．在滴定时，左手操作锥形瓶，右手操作滴定管开关12．合成氨化学方程式 N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) △H=−92.4 kJ/mol。
将l mol N2(g)、3 mol H2(g)充入2 L的密闭容器中，在500℃下反应，10 min 时达到平衡，NH3的体积分数为，下列说法中正确的是A．若达到平衡时，测得体系放出9.24 kJ热量，则H2反应速率变化曲线如图甲所示B．反应过程中，混合气体平均相对分子质最M，混合气体密度d，混合气体压强p，三者关系如图乙所示C．图丙容器I和II达到平衡时，NH3的体积分数，则容器I放出热量与容器II吸收热量之和为92.4 kJD．若起始加入物料为1 mol N2，3 mol H2，在不同条件下达到平衡时，NH3的体积分数变化如图丁所示13．下列说法正确的是A．在其他外界条件不变的情况下,增大压强能增大活化分子的百分数B．NH4Cl(s)=NH3(g)+HCl(g)室温下不能自发进行，说明该反应的△H <0C．加入合适的催化剂能降低反应活化能，从而改变反应的焓变D．常温下，K SP[Al(OH)3]＝1×10－33。
欲使溶液中c(Al3＋)≤1×10－6mol·L－1，需调节溶液的pH≥514．氮氧化物具有不同程度的毒性，利用构成电池方法既能实现有效消除氮氧化物的排放，减轻环境污染，又能充分利用化学能，发生反应 6NO2+ 8NH3= 7N2+ 12H2O，装置如图所示。
下列关于该电池的说法正确的是A．为使电池持续放电，离子交换膜需选用阴离子交换膜B．电子从右侧电极经过负载后流向左侧电极C．电极A极反应式为2NH3 － 6e－== N2 + 6H+D．当有4.48LNO2被处理时，转移电子物质的量为 0.8mol16．pC类似于pH，是指极稀溶液中的溶质浓度的常用对数的负值。
如:某溶液浓度为1×10-3mol·L-1，则该溶液中溶质的pC=-lg(1×10-3) = 3 ,下图为25℃时H2CO3溶液的pC-pH图（离子浓度小于10-5mol·L-1，可认为该离子不存在）。
下列说法错误的是A．向Na2CO3溶液中滴加盐酸至pH等于11时，溶液中有：c(Na+)+c(H+)== 2c(CO32-)+c(OH-)+c(HCO3-)+c(Cl-)B．25℃时，H2CO3的一级电离平衡常数约为K a1= 10-6C．25℃时，CO2饱和溶液的浓度是0.05 mol·L-1，其中1/5的CO2转变为H2CO3，若此时溶液的pH 约为5，据此可得该温度下CO2饱和溶液中H2CO3的电离度约为1%D．25℃时，0.1 mol·L-1，的Na2CO3和0.1 mol·L-1的NaHCO3混合溶液中离子浓度的大小为: c(Na+)>c(HCO3-)>c(CO32-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共4题，共52分）17．（13分）根据所学原理，完成下列各题（1）从化学键的角度分析，化学反应的过程就是旧键断裂和新键的形成过程．已知反应：N2（g）+ 3H2（g）2NH3（g）△H=﹣93kJ•mol﹣1．试根据表中所列键能数据，计算a 的数值为kJ/mol．（2）25 ℃时，将a mol·L－1氨水与0.01 mol·L－1盐酸等体积混合，反应平衡时溶液中c(NH＋4)＝c(Cl－)，则溶液显________(填“酸”“碱”或“中”)性。
用含a的代数式表示NH3·H2O的电离常数K b＝________。
（3）向含有BaSO4的饱和溶液中①加入Na2SO4溶液,则c(Ba2+)__________(填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”,下同)。
②若改加更多的固体BaSO4,则c(Ba2+)将__________。
（4）目前已开发出用电解法制取ClO2的新工艺。
①图中用石墨做电极，在一定条件下电解饱和食盐水制取ClO2。
则阳极产生ClO2的电极反应式为_______________________________________。
②电解一段时间，当阴极产生的气体体积为112 mL(标准状况)时，停止电解。
通过阳离子交换膜的阳离子的物质的量为________mol18请回答下列问题：（1）同浓度的CH3COO－、HCO－3、CO2－3、HC2O－4、ClO－、S2－中结合H＋的能力最弱的是_________。
（2）常温下0.1 mol·L－1的CH3COOH溶液在加水稀释过程中，下列表达式的数据一定变小的是________(填字母)。
A.c(H＋)B.c(H＋)/c(CH3COOH)C.c(H＋)/c(OH－)D.c(OH－)（3）0.1 mol·L－1的H2C2O4溶液与0.1 mol·L－1的KOH的溶液等体积混合后所得溶液中各离子浓度由大到小的顺序为__________________。
（4）pH相同的NaClO和CH3COOK溶液，其溶液的物质的量浓度的大小关系是CH 3COOK________NaClO (填“＞”“＜”或“＝”)。
（5）向0.1 mol·L －1CH 3COOH 溶液中滴加NaOH 溶液至c (CH 3COOH)∶c (CH 3COO －)＝5∶9，此时溶液pH ＝______________。
（6）向NaClO 溶液中通入少量的CO 2，所发生的离子方程式为_________19．（13分）甲醇是一种重要的化工原料，又是一种可再生能源，具有开发和应用前景。
（1）已知：CH 3OH(g)=HCHO(g)+H 2(g)△H=+84kJ ⋅mol -12H 2(g)+O 2(g)═2H 2O(g)△H=−484kJ ⋅mol -1工业上常以甲醇为原料制取甲醛，请写出CH 3OH(g)与O 2(g)反应生成HCHO(g)和H 2O(g)的热化学方程式： ________________________________（2）在一容积为2L 的密闭容器内，充入0.2molCO 与0.4molH 2发生反应CO （g ）+2H 2（g ）CH 3OH （g ），CO 的平衡转化率与温度，压强的关系如图所示。