大学英语精读4第一课 课文分析
现代大学英语精读4课文Spring sowing赏析
现代大学英语精读4课文Spring sowing赏析作者：鲁美秀子来源：《青年时代》2019年第16期摘要：作为一名大学英语翻译专业的本科生，与其他英语专业的同学一样深知语言输入与输出的重要性，而现代大学英语精读教材是每一名本科英语相关专业的学生的必由之路，在语言的学习过程中，输入必不可少；本文将从不同的角度，选取现代大学英语系列教材中的其中一册的文章进行语篇解读，以帮助更多的初学者了解如何有效地学习和利用现代大学英语精读系列教材。
关键词：现代大学英语精读；语篇分析一、文章背景介绍（一）故事情节梗概本文描述了一对年轻夫妇在新婚不久后，迎来的第一次春播。
那个时代的爱尔兰还是一个靠农业为生的国度，就像是千千万万个面朝黄土背朝天的农民的生活一样，日出而作，日落而息。
虽然故事情节简单，但描述细致，以此刻画了一对年轻夫妇平凡劳动的生活景象、人物的品质以及当时那个年代农民的生活面貌。
文中很多细节，都能够刻画主人公的形象反映生活背景、用词得当，本文将依照时代背景在文中选取几个比较典型的例子进行赏析。
（二）时代背景本文以第一天春耕为切入点，而春耕的作物是土豆，这其实就是在暗示读者爱尔兰与土豆的渊源。
如果现在你来到爱尔兰的首都柏林，你还会看到利菲河畔的雕塑群---几个衣衫褴褛的难民，神情痛苦，其中一个背着饥饿的亲人。
这一画风就是在向世人讲述着19世纪爱尔兰的饥荒。
眼前的一切，如果追根溯源，都关乎一个东西----土豆。
我们对土豆这一作物并不陌生，但是如果谈起土豆所带来的复杂情感，没有哪个民族能像爱尔兰人民一样感同身受。
因为土豆，爱尔兰的人口在50年间，翻了一倍；同时，土豆也让爱尔兰的人口在7年内锐减了四分之一。
在爱尔兰有这样一句俗语：“世界上有两种东西不能开玩笑，一是婚姻，二是土豆。
”而这样的俗语来源于1845年的土豆饥荒，一种引发土豆枯萎病的真菌（Phytophthora infestans）在欧洲蔓延，导致土豆在地下直接枯死。
现代大学英语 精读4 UNIT1-UNIT6 短语句子翻译(全)另附重点课文全文翻译
浴巾a bath towel 文法学校a grammar school永恒的真理the eternal truth文件柜a filling cabinet新鲜空气fresh air纯属无稽之谈utter nonsense 违规行为delinquent behavior常客a frequent visitor高品德的high-minded monologue 固定的观点a settle view 时事current affairs身体障碍a physical impediment一阵狂风a hideous wind令人厌恶的景象a hideous sight言语障碍 a speech impediment 使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情heady patriotism无情的人侵者the remorseless invaders 首相the Prime Minister 烂苹果rotten apples国际联盟the League of Nations 思维过程a mental process 条理清楚的文章a coherent article一位点头之交a nodding acquaintance一个完整的体系a coherent system一位口译好手a proficient interpreter 一种不可阻挡的趋向an irresistible trend逐字逐句的激励literally inspired夜生活evening life食宿board and lodging 供吃住的寄宿舍boarding-house瞬间a split second玻璃弹子glass marbles做徒劳无益的事whipping the dead horse阿司匹林片aspirin tablets在此情况下in the circumstances提前in advance走过场a matter of form 楼梯间平台的窗户landing window紧张气氛the tense atmosphere毛线针knitting needles梦游to walk in one’s sleep飞机翼展the wingspan of a plane专业的历史工作者professional historians基于常识的反应a common-sense reaction事物的这种状况this state of affairs意见不一的历史学家contending historians老生常谈的事a cut-and-dried matter一个个人喜好的问题a matter of personal preference截然不同的观点diametrically opposed points of view民间故事folk tales书面文件written documents过去的遗留物the remains of the past人的动机和行为human motivations and behavior复杂和精细sophistication and subtlety 商船merchant ships 一旦发生潜艇战in the event of a submarine warfare一个粗糙的理论a crude theory 好战的行为belligerent acts宣传机器a propaganda machine德国外交部长the German foreign secretary权力平衡the balance of power因果关系the cause and effect海岸炮兵the shore batteries 终极关怀the ultimate concern 近因 a proximate cause人们常说的一句话a well-used phrase不会出错的解释 a foolproof explanation绝对有效的模式a model of unquestioned validity 永不停止的探索a never-ending quest一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标an elusive yet intriguing goal难以解决的两难困境an insoluble dilemma 一本难以看懂的书an incomprehensible book一个爱交际的女人a sociable woman 黑市the black market黑色幽默black humor 害群之马black sheep黑人权利black power表达能力不强的人inarticulate people 全国性活动 a nationwide campaign赞美的话complimentary remarks 淘气男孩a mischievous boy一些有权力的人物certain powerful quarters 种族隔离的学校segregated schools 不可争议的权威indisputable authority公海high sea 上流社会high society 机密的消息confidential information 冷漠的门impersonal doors客观的信an impersonal letter 真诚的羡慕an unselfish envy紧张的声音a strained voice度假别墅holiday villa 一个著名的电视名人a famous television personality刻薄下流语言obscene language 下流故事an obscene story银行袭击a bank raid生产双层玻璃公司a double-glazing company联合抵押joint mortgage 拌嘴a cross word永远达不到的目标an unattainable goal 乡村和西部音乐country and western music加重了的潜水腰带a weighted diving belt 心碎heart-broken以自我为中心的人a self-centered man光是重量sheer weight光是运气sheer luck 一派胡言sheer nonsense军号声bulge call 人工呼吸kiss of life一串气泡 a trail of bubbles一点点关心one tiny scrap of care非理性因素non-rational factors 过去的好日子good old days思想模式thought patterns 陈旧的故事stock anecdotes思路brain path 鲜明的对比 a striking contrast 强烈的满足感keen satisfaction 感情上的联想sentimental association 一场恶吵a bitter quarrel酸葡萄sour grapes毫无根据的意见groundless opinions社会地位social position重要而有说服力的因素 a potent factor怀疑的余地room of doubt一种教条的观点great intellects大学者们great intellects不可避免的结果inevitable result 长期的斗争age-long struggle互相矛盾冲突的观点conflicting ideas鲜明的例子striking examples根深蒂固的信仰deeply-rooted convictions仅仅是断言bare assertion低头to sink one's head 使船沉没to sink the ship思考生命的意义to contemplate the meaning of life让阳光一下照着to catch the light毁了一个人的身体to ruin one's health 毁了国家to ruin the country猛敲桌子to bang the desk 扮演一个重要的角色to playa prominent role占有重要的位置to hold a prominent position 一个虔诚的佛教徒a pious Buddhist获得一种名声to gain a reputation 满足一个人的虚荣心to satisfy one's ego严刑逼供to give sb the third degree 发明一种教学方法to devise a teaching method在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪to slide a gun into sb's hand引起一些兴趣to whip up a little interest让谈话继续下去to keep the ball rolling让谈话开始to set the ball rolling一个作风古怪的百万富翁an eccentric millionaire分配资金to allot capital 勒紧裤带to tighten one’s belt 讲一句话to make a remark伸出一只手to stretch out one’s hand 润润嘴唇to moisten one’s lips抱怨天气to complain of the weather将棍子用力插入沙中to plunge the stick into the sand 突然冲我来了to turn on me 使某人心烦to get on on e’s nerve是某人将某事忘得精光t o put something out of someone’s mind脱钩t o come off the hook做填字游戏t o do a crossword puzzle 擤鼻涕to blow one’s nose 在鼻子上涂粉to powder one’s nose 提出案发时不在现场的证据to give an alibi获得新的深刻认识to gain new insights修改一个人的观点to revise one’s ideas追查起因to trace the cause 从这前提出发to begin from this premise朝目标开火to open fire on/at给以同样重视to give equal weight to sth支持某一观点to support a certain view 对政府施加影响to influence the government破坏实力平衡to destroy the balance of power组成联盟to form an alliance偿还贷款to repay the loans 考虑战争的问题to contemplate war填补缺口to fill in the gaps 结束探索to conclude the quest从某一角度看问题to view sth from a certain perspective从比较中获益to benefit from the comparison消灭差别to eliminate from the comparison 深入研究问题to dig into the problem 淹没在大海之中to be immersed in a vast sea从不同的观点出发to stem from a different point of view命中注定要做某事to be destined to do sth无视这个事实to ignore the fact作出假设to make an assumption 打败敌人to defeat the enemy夺回失土to win back one’s lost territory沉船to sink a boat截获机密to intercept the secret message将证据凑在一起to piece together evidence接近真理to approximate the truth 掌握新技术to master new techniques庆祝他的50华诞to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 引起羡慕to excite admiration触动良心to touch the conscience得奖to win the prize受到训斥to receive a reprimand省去这些字to omit the words宣布放弃奖金renounce the prizes 避免一场危机avert a crisis参加仪式attend the ceremony 展示一件艺术品exhibit a work of art尽情享受乐趣to indulge in pleasures 保护一个孩子guard a child感到有能力做某事feel up to do something 使某事正式结束bring sth to a close挥手让某人进去wave sb in使某人不必处于某种场合to save sb from a situation向某人说说心里话to talk out one’s heart to sb 把某人打翻在地knock sb down给某人斟酒pour sb a drink 举杯祝酒raise one’s glass从大腿上慢慢流下来trickle down her legs像鲸鱼一样喷水puff like a whale想雪一样融化掉melt down like snow 一眼看清了当时的情况sum up the scene进行电视采访do their interview 心存怨恨bear resentment难受的想吐feel sick in the stomach 突然大声的怒气冲冲的冲进来come in like thunder 渐渐散去drift away gradually 看中某人的意见value one’s opinion提高在某人心中的地位increase one’s standing with sb使自己振作起来pull oneself together 开始提供晚餐serve dinner 禽抱一个拿枪的劫匪tackle an armed robber和某人厮守下去stick with sb 系上腰带fasten the seat belt虐待妻子abuse one’s wife 和很多人乱搞男女关系screw his way around碰某人一个手指头lay a finger on sb 进行人工呼吸catch sb trying to do sth用力把自己身体升起heave oneself up浮出水面float to the surface在水下拼命挣扎thrash about under the water 使自己依靠在某物上prop oneself against冲出水面break surface 抓住某物seize hold of sth 把自己用力拉起来haul oneself up 紧紧锁住某人双手pinion one’s arms 把某人挡开fend sb off击中某处land a blow 呆在水下stay under in the water将这些观点加以归类to classify propositions 持有一种意见to hold an opinion 建立信念to establish convictions 颠倒过程to reverse the process 对是否是真相提出疑问to question the truth 获得财富to acquire wealth接受一种新的信念to adopt a new belief 放弃信念to abandon belief证明完全相反to demonstrate the contrary 相信这一事实to credit the fact 怀有一种意见to entertain an opinion使这个字的意思延伸一下to extend the term珍惜他们的尊敬to value their respect轻视他们的意见to belittle their opinions考虑某一点to make an allowance改变我们的思维模式to alter our thought patterns走同样的路to take the same course鹦鹉学舌般重复他人的思想to parrot others' ideasUNIT 11、我知道，不管发生什么I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始The truth is always in the hand of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10, 民主意味着由Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11、一个国A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12、那次晚会很乏味The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13 路很泥泞The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14、有一天，我因为One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15、佛罗里达州The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16、认为太阳绕着地球The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17、这些胡同The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18、日子一天天过去Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19、他怕犯错He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20、她的身体糟糕到了Her health was such terrible that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.你能强迫一个Y ou can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.学习文学The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.通过阅读范文Y ou can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.在中世纪In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.我既没有时间I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.小金Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.爱能改善人们Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.优秀的企业Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.许多东西Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.在过去的10年里In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.UNIT21、我们公司在这么短It is a miracle how our company has developed into a multinational in sucha short span of time.2、那个国家的平均寿命The average life span of that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3、这两个国家的冲突The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4有四座大桥There are four bridges spanning the river.5、我对你非常感谢I'm much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6、不，这个聚会No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don't have to go if you don't want to.7 人们找她She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8 山谷里有一个小湖In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for picnic .9、他坐在一个阴凉Sitting in that shady spot he soon dozed off.10、他看见我把一个塑料He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bag by the roadside.11 那是一件白底蓝点It is a white shirt with blue spots. It looks quite pretty.12、这位侦探发现了The detective spotted the suspect and he walked and arrested him.13、有一个气球爆了One of the balloons popped and it gave me quite a start.14 在上课的时候进It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15、当他看见那位小伙子When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16、在那些国家里水比油In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring dollars' worth of water as a gift.17、这个项目完成When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18、这电影不值得看两遍This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it's not worth seeing at all.19 我觉得那地方值得I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional houses intact-houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20、贾宝玉当他父亲Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father's worthy son. He yearned for freedom.1.看来病人在这个城市It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.交朋友易It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.他总是懂的朋友He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4.或许根本就不是Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5.那男孩一点也不The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.不知道王宁I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from himfor almost a year.7.你出生于什么样的家庭It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test ishow far you can go from where you started.8.她简直不相信She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twintowers were standing there.9.第八号陪审员Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbedthe boy’s father to death.10.在市场经济中In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than bygovernment agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.UNIT31.尚不知飞The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2.地球转The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3.他把他的一He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4.历史上这条The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5.你认为国际恐怖主义的What do you think caused the upsurge of international terrorism?6.我们必须团结那些反对We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7.任何进步和改革都会There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8.有些人对新事物总是Some people are always opposed to new things.9.这些贷款中不少从未归还A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10.工商银行现在给The Business Bank now offers a special loan for students who can't pay for their education.11.这男孩问斯多太太能否将她的The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12.她在结束讲话时Her concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13.他们一结束调查就As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14.在他访问期间，During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15根据这些有理疑点，陪审团只能得出结论，这个少Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16.他将经东京飞往纽约She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17.我想谈谈上世界60年代的情I'd like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18.他们决定召They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.1.英雄是具有非凡品Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.2.名流是因媒体炒作而出名Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicity through the media.3.在中国大陆，“爱人In China mainland, "sweet heart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.4.一个不能共患难的朋友A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are introuble.5.从广义上说，货币指Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted in exchange for other goods and services.6.一个坐在扶手椅里的An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn't put what he says into practice.7.鲁教授说一个好教师应努力使自己成Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8.经济学定义为研究商品和服务的生产、分配和消费的社会Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. 9.DVD是上面能储藏大量在计算机DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, especially photographs and video can be stored, for use on a computer.10.《牛津高级学生词典》The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working in order to do other things".UNIT41、因为疯牛病Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2、在战争期间During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3、吸毒是一件严重It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.4、她正躺在悬挂She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.5这次暂停销售The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6 这也许是亚洲This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7这个作家善于制造悬念。
精读4 第一课 thinking as a hobby
Thinking as a Hobby 思考作为一种嗜好还就是个孩子得时候我就得出了思考分三种等级得结论。
后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇得结论，那就就是：我自己根本不会思考。
那个时候我一定就是个很让大人头疼得小孩。
当然我已经忘记自己当初在她们眼里就是什么样子了,但却记得她们一开始在我眼中就就是如何不可理喻得。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前得就是我文法学校得校长，当然这样得方式，这样得结果就是她始料不及得。
她得办公室里有一些小雕像，就在她书桌后面一个高高得橱柜上面。
其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。
她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑得恐惧中了。
而不幸得就是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。
在她得身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层得抽屉上去，我懵懵懂懂地把那个抽屉上标着得"A-AH"理解成为猎物临死前绝望得哀鸣/惨叫。
在豹子得另一边端坐着一个健硕得裸体男子，她手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪得样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解,才知道把它们放在正对着犯错得孩子得位置就是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。
那位裸体得女士就是米洛斯得维纳丝。
她象征着爱。
她不就是在为浴巾担心，而就是忙着显示美丽。
美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
那位健硕得裸体男子并不痛苦，她就是洛丁得思索者，一个纯粹思索得象征。
要买到表达生活在您心中得意义得小石膏像就是很容易得事情。
我想我得解释一下，我就是校长办公室得常客，为我最近做过或者没做得事情。
用现在得话来说我就是不堪教化得。
其实应该说，我就是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊得。
大人们从来不讲道理。
每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在她上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长透过亮晶晶得眼镜片眼神暗淡地瞧着我，：“我们该拿您怎么办呢？”哦，她们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我得鞋。
大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。
午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。
现代大学英语精读4unit1课文summary
现代大学英语精读4unit1课文summaryLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby William Golding While I was still a boy,I came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking; and thatl myself could not think at all.It was the headmaster of my grammar school who first brought the subject of thinkingbefore me.He had somestatuettes in his study. They stood on a high cupboard behind his desk. One was a ladywearing nothing but a bath towel. She seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slipdown any farther, and since she had no arms, she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towelup again. Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of a filing cabinet. Beyond the leopard was a naked, muscular gentleman, who sat, looking down, with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee. He seemed utterly miserable.Some time later,I learned about these statuettes. The headmaster had placed them where they would face delinquent children, because they symbolized to him to whole of life. The naked lady was the Venus. She was Love. She was not worried about the towel. She was just busy being beautiful. The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural. The naked, muscular gentleman was not miserable. He was Rodin's Thinker, an image of pure thought.I had better explain that I was a frequent visitor to the headmaster's study, because of the latest thing I had done or left undone. As we now say,I was not integrated.I was, if anything, disintegrated. Whenever Ifound myself in a penal position before the headmaster's desk,I would sink my head, and writhe one shoe over the other.The headmaster would look at me and say,"What are wegoing to do with you?"Well, what were they going to do with me? I would writhe my shoe some more and staredown at the worn rug."Look up, boy! Can't you look up?"Then I would look at the cupboard, where the naked lady was frozen in her panic and themuscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom.I had nothing to say tothe headmaster. His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them.There was no possibility of communication."Don't you ever think at all?"No，I didn't think，wasn't thinking，couldn't think-I was simply waiting in anguish for the interview to stop."Then you'd better learn-hadn't you？"On one occasion the headmaster leaped to his feet，reached up and put Rodin's masterpiece on the desk before me."That's what a man looks like when he's really thinking."Clearly there was something missing in me.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.But like someoneborn deaf，but bitterly determined to find out about sound，I watched my teachers to find outabout thought.There was Mr.Houghton.He was always telling me to think.With a modest satisfaction，he would tell that he had thought a bit himself.Then why did he spend so much time drinking? Or was there more sense in drinking than there appeared to be? But if not, and if drinking were in fact ruinous to health-and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that-why was he always talking about the clean life and the virtues of fresh air?Sometimes, exalted by his own oratory, he would leap from his desk and hustle usoutside into a hideous wind."Now, boys! Deep breaths! Feel it right down inside you-huge draughts of God's good air!"He would stand before us, put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous breath. You could hear the wind trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel withshock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.。
最新大学英语精读第4册U1ppt课件
of underbrush.
L36 an empty victory
• [usually before noun] (of sth that sb says or does) with no meaning; not meaning what is said; having no effect
child for school. • He wasn't there at the crucial moment (=
when he was needed most).
L30 took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow
• gamble [singular] an action or plan that involves a risk but that you hope will succeed 冒险
L24 engaged (at …) in
• engage to attack or begin to fight someone: 交战
• Enemy planes engaged the troops as they advanced into the mountains.
• [I always + prep.] to be doing or to become involved in an activity; to take part in something
• The car got bogged down in the mud.
• The tank became bogged down in mud.
大学英语精读4-课文-中英文对照
Text Book 4Unit 1TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is. 一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。
BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY轻轻松松赚大钱John G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone had hung on our doorknob. “你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags. 塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
现代大学英语精读4 Unit1 Thinking as a hobby_language study
familiar; to inform; Examples:
Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding acquaintance.
WB T L E
Unit 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Word Study
5. contemplate
v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully b. to consider carefully and at length; c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility
exalted a. excited; noble; exaggerated
Examples: Complementary colors exalt each other. He was exalted to the position of president. The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues. an exalted dedication to liberty He has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.
Synonyms
consider ponder meditate deliberate brood over
WB T L E
Unit 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Word Study
大学英语精读4第一课课文分析
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
I. Text Analysis
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Question: How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking?
girls
Mr. Houghton
In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.
Ruth: foolish argument, illogical and fled at last British Prime Minister: talking about the great benefit conferring on India by jailing Nehru and Gandhi American politicians: talking about peace and refusing to join the League of Nations Me, the author: not easily stampede, detect contradiction; turned into a professional thinker
大学英语精读4-董亚芬_课文-翻译
1一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”) “我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴，便离城出差去了。
午夜时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了，是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车”?“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的，我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿，两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告，我们可怎么办”。
“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解导语：作为一个年轻的男孩，爱因斯坦在学校做得很差，老师觉得他很慢。
年轻的拿破仑·波拿巴只是法国陆军数百名火炮中尉之一。
乔治·华盛顿少年，没有受过正规教育，正在接受训练，不是作为士兵，而是作为土地测量师。
谁是伟大的?下面这篇英语课文将详叙这方面的内容，欢迎阅读。
Pre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningBefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.genetics遗传学psychiatry精神病学persistent坚持不懈的Second ListeningListen to the tape again and then answer the following questions.1.What question did professor Simonton's research project seek to answer?2.What three personality traits of great people are mentioned?a) __________________________________________________________.b) __________________________________________________________.c) __________________________________________________________.3.What negative trait of "great" people is mentioned?4. Does professor Simonton believe that great people aremore often mentally ill than other people?Who Is Great?Michael RyanAs a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality?For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all.Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don't make it into the history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized."In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics,psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn't have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics.A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill's role in history—as well as the roles of other political and military leaders—Simonton discovered a striking pattern: "Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They're used to taking charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective—not even popular."Timing is another factor. "If you took George Washington and put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician," Simonton declared. "He was not an effective public speaker, and he didn't like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I'm not sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington's time. He wouldn't have had the radio to do his fireside chats."Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton's findings is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not overly so. Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test. The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example—Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy—had a hard time getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not necessary to be a great leader.In the sciences, those with "genius level" IQs do have a better chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.He pointed to one recent study where college students were given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.Kepler's genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers ina unique way—applying his mathematical knowledge to his observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that set him apart.Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the way magnets are drawn to metal. "He couldn't stop thinking about this stuff," Simonton pointed out. "He became obsessed with problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped working on them. It's not surprising that he made major contributions by the time he was 26.""For most of us, it's not that we don't have the ability," Simonton added, "it's that we don't devote the time. You have to put in the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles."Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his work was what set him apart.Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is found in nearly all creative geniuses—whether or not their genius is acknowledged by contemporaries."Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after her death," said Simonton. "But she was not writing for fame. The same can be said of James Joyce, who didn't spend a lot of time worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake."Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one's work is a key to rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard University, a group of professional writers—none famous—were asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed in one of threegroups: One group was asked to keep in mind the idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.The poems then were submitted anonymously to a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. "Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant difference, "Amabile said.New Wordsartilleryn. heavy guns, often mounted on wheels, used in fighting on land, branch of an army that uses these 火炮;大炮;炮兵(部队) surveyorn. a person whose job is to examine and record the area and features of a piece of land by measuring and calculating (土地)测量员;勘测员unspectaculara. ordinary; not exciting or special 不引人注意的;不惊人的spectaculara. (attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinary 引人注目的;出色的;与众不同的carvevt. 1. form (sth.) by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻;雕刻成2. build (one's career, reputation, etc.)by hard work 靠勤奋创(业)，靠勤奋树(名声)uncompromisinga. not ready to make any compromise; firm or unyielding. 不妥协的.，坚定的;不让步的influentiala. having a lot of influence on sb./sth. 有影响的;有权势的geneticsn. the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are passed from each generation of living things to the next 遗传学psychiatryn. the study and treatment of mental illness 精神病学;精神病治疗composevt. write (music, opera, poetry, etc.) 创作(音乐、歌剧、诗等) symphonyn. a long complex musical composition for a large orchestra, usu. in three or four parts 交响乐characteristicn. a typical feature or quality 特点unrelentinga. not becoming less strong or severe; continuous 不松懈的，不放慢的;持续的endowvt. provide (sb./sth.) with a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 给予，赋予super-normala. 超出一般的;超常的;非凡的amazinga. extremely good; esp. in a surprising and unexpected way 惊人的，令人吃惊的citevt. mention (sb./sth.) as an example or to support an argument; refer to 引用，引证;举出risk-takern. a person who dares to take risks 敢于冒险的人thrustvt. push (sth./sb./oneself) suddenly or violently (用力)推;强使moralen. state of confidence, enthusiasm, determination, etc. that a person or group has at a particular time 士气，精神状态brilliantlyad. in an outstanding manner 杰出地;才华横溢地Allieda. of the Allies (a group of countries fighting on the same side in a war, esp. those which fought with Britain in World Wars I and II) (第一次世界大战时期)协约国的;(第二次世界大战时期)同盟国的allyn. person, country, etc. joined with another in order to give help and support 同盟者;同盟国evacuationn. leaving a place of danger for a safer place 撤离;撤退evacuatev. 1. remove (sb.) from a place of danger to a safer place 撤退，撤出2. leave or withdraw from (a place) 撤离(某处)flagvi. become tired or weak; begin to lose enthusiasm or energy 疲乏;变弱;(热情、精力等)衰退，低落strikinga. attracting attention; unusual or interesting enough to be noticed 引人注目的;显著的，突出的firstbornn. a child born before other children 长子(或长女)peacetimen. a period when a country is not at war 和平时期firesiden. part of a room beside the fireplace, esp. considered as a warm comfortable place 壁炉旁chatn. a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天fireside chat炉边亲切闲谈;(政治领袖在无线电或电视广播中)不拘形式的讲话innatea. (of a quality, feeling, etc.) in one's nature; possessed from birth 天生的landsliden. (竞选中)压倒多数的选票;一面倒的胜利equationn. 等式;方程(式)boldnessn. the state or quality of being confident and brave 勇敢，无畏bolda. confident and brave; daring 勇敢的，无畏的;敢作敢为的magnetn. a piece of iron or other material that can attract iron, either naturally or because of an electric current passed through it 磁铁obsessionn. the state of being obsessed 着迷contemporaryn. a person who lives or lived at the same time as another, usu. being roughly the same age 同代人;(几乎)同年龄的人a. belong to the same time; of the present time; modern 属于同一时代的;当代的;现代的poetryn. poems collectively or in general [总称]诗intrinsica. (of a value or quality) belonging naturally to sb./sth.; existing within sb./sth., rather than coming from outside 固有的;本质的;内在的randomlyad. without method or conscious choice 任意地，胡乱地submitvt. give (sth.) to sb./sth. so that it may be formally considered or so that a decision about it may be made 提交，呈递anonymouslyad. without revealing one's name 用匿名的方式evaluationn. the act of assessing or forming an idea of the amount, quality or value of sb./sth. 评价，评估Phrases and Expressionshave (sth., nothing, a lot, etc.) to do with sb./sth.be connected or concerned with sb./sth. to the extent specified 与某人 / 某事有(一些、毫无、很大)关系make historybe or do sth. so important or unusual that it will be recorded in history 创造历史，影响历史的进程;做出值得纪念(或载入史册的)事情rise abovebecome successful or outstanding 取得成功;出类拔萃leave behindcause to lag behind; surpass 把…丢在后面;超过focus onconcentrate on 集中于;着重于be endowed withnaturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 天生具有come out oforiginate in or develop from 从…中获得;从…中发展而来build...uponbase ... on; use (sth.) as a foundation for further progress 把…建立在…上take chargetake control (of sth.); be responsible (for sth.) 掌管;负责go /get nowhereachieve no success or make no progress 不能成功;无进展set ... apartmake (sb./sth.) different from or superior to others 使显得突出，使显得与众不同put up withtolerate or bear (sb./sth.) 忍受，容忍Proper NamesMichael Ryan迈克尔·赖恩Napoleon Bonaparte拿破仑·波拿巴 (1769 — 1821, 法兰西第一帝国和百日王朝皇帝) George Washington乔治·华盛顿 (1732 — 1799, 美国第一任总统)Keith Simonton基思·西蒙顿Dunkirk敦刻尔克(法国北部港市)Franklin Roosevelt富兰克林·罗斯福 (1882 — 1945, 美国第三十二任总统)Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊 (1743 — 1826, 美国第三任总统，《独立宣言》主要起草人)Woodrow Wilson伍德罗·威尔逊 (1856 — 1924, 美国第二十八任总统)Warren G. Harding沃伦·G·哈定 (1865 — 1923, 美国第二十九任总统)Johannes Kepler开普勒 (1571 — 1630, 德国天文学家和占星家)Emily Dickinson艾米莉·迪金森 (1830 — 1886, 美国女诗人，美国现代诗先驱者之一)James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯 (1882 — 1941, 爱尔兰小说家，多用“意识流”手法，代表作《尤利西斯》)Finnegans Wake《为芬尼根守灵》(乔伊斯于 1939 年出版的最后一部小说)Brandeis布兰代斯大学 (马萨诸塞州)Teresa Amabile特蕾莎·阿玛贝尔下载全文下载文档。
现代大学英语精读4UNIT1翻译及课后答案
UNIT1思考作为一种嗜好当我还是个孩子的时候，我就得出了思考分三种等级的结论。
后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇的结论，那就是：我自己根本不会思考。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前的是我文法学校的校长。
他的办公室里有一些小雕像。
就在他书桌后面一个高高的橱柜上面。
其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。
她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑的恐惧中了。
而不幸的是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。
在她的身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层的抽屉上去。
在豹子的另一边端坐着一个健硕的裸体男子，他手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪的样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解。
才知道校长把它们放在正对着犯错的孩子的位置是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。
那位裸体的女士是维纳丝。
她象征着爱。
她不是在为浴巾担心，而是忙着显示美丽。
美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
那位健硕的裸体男子并不痛苦，他是洛丁的思索者，一个纯粹思索的象征。
我想我得解释一下，我是校长办公室的常客，为我最近做过或者没做的事情。
用现在的话来说我是不堪教化的。
甚至还不如说，我是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊的。
每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在他上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长看着我然后说，“我们该拿你怎么办呢？”哦，他们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我的鞋。
“抬起头来，孩子！你就不能抬起头来吗？”然后我就会抬起头来看橱柜，看着裸体女士被冻结在恐惧中，健硕的男子无限忧郁地凝视着猎豹的后腿。
我跟校长没什么好说的。
他的镜片反光，所以我看不到镜片后面有什么人性的东西，所以没有交流的可能。
“你从来都不动脑筋思考的吗？”不，我不思考，刚才没思考，也不会思考——我只是在痛苦地等待接见结束。
“那你最好学一学——你学了吗？”有一次，校长跳起身来伸手取下洛丁的杰作重重地放在我面前的桌上。
大学英语教材4第一单元课文概括
大学英语教材4第一单元课文概括大学英语教材4第一单元课文通过介绍一个普通大学生的学习经历和成长变化，传达了一种积极向上的学习态度和方法。
本文将对这个故事进行概括，分析主要内容和所传达的信息。
课文概括：故事的主人公是一个普通的大学生Tom，在大学的第一年里，他遭遇了许多困难和挫折。
刚开始的时候，他对学习失去了兴趣，成绩也很差。
但是在一次偶然的机会下，他遇到了一位非常好的导师John，从那时起，他的学习和思考方式发生了巨大的改变。
John教给Tom的第一课是如何制定有效的学习计划。
他鼓励Tom 将学习目标分解成小的任务，并为每个任务设定截止日期。
这样，Tom可以更好地管理自己的时间，提高学习效率。
第二课是关于注意力的控制。
John告诉Tom，要想在学习中取得好成绩，必须拥有专注力。
他鼓励Tom练习集中注意力，并且提出了一些帮助改善注意力的方法，比如做一些冥想练习和缓解压力的活动。
第三课是关于课堂参与的重要性。
Tom曾经是一个胆小且不爱发言的学生，他总是害怕犯错误或者被人嘲笑。
但是，John告诉他积极参与课堂讨论的重要性，因为这有助于加深对知识的理解和记忆，并提高自己的表达能力。
在接下来的日子里，Tom开始按照John教给他的方法来学习。
他制定学习计划，控制注意力，积极参与课堂。
随着时间的推移，Tom的成绩逐渐提高，他也变得更加自信和积极。
最后，故事以Tom获得奖学金的喜讯作为结尾。
他的努力和改变得到了认可，他不再是一个平庸的学生，而是一个有潜力和能力的学者。
这个故事传递给读者的信息是，每个人都有潜力成长和改变，只要我们采取正确的学习方法和积极的态度。
通过制定学习计划，控制注意力，积极参与课堂，我们可以克服困难，取得进步，并实现自己的目标。
总结：故事中的Tom代表着许多大学生的普遍经历。
通过他的故事，我们了解了如何克服学习困难，提高学习效果。
这篇课文以简洁清晰的语言，生动有趣的情节，向读者传达了积极向上的学习态度和方法。
大学英语精读4教案unit1
一、教学目标1. 知识目标：（1）掌握文章的基本内容；（2）熟悉文章的结构和写作手法；（3）了解文章中所涉及的文化背景知识。
2. 能力目标：（1）提高学生的阅读理解能力；（2）培养学生的英语写作能力；（3）增强学生的口语表达能力。
3. 情感目标：（1）激发学生对英语学习的兴趣；（2）培养学生独立思考的能力；（3）培养学生的团队合作精神。
二、教学重点与难点1. 教学重点：（1）文章的基本内容；（2）文章的结构和写作手法；（3）文化背景知识。
2. 教学难点：（1）复杂句型的理解；（2）词汇的运用；（3）文章的写作技巧。
三、教学过程1. 导入新课（1）教师简要介绍作者及文章背景；（2）学生自由讨论对文章主题的理解；（3）教师总结讨论结果，引出课文。
2. 阅读课文（1）学生自读课文，理解文章大意；（2）教师提问，检查学生对文章内容的掌握情况；（3）学生朗读课文，注意语音、语调的准确性。
3. 分析课文（1）教师引导学生分析文章的结构、写作手法及修辞手法；（2）讲解文章中的重点词汇和短语；（3）分析文章的文化背景知识。
4. 课堂活动（1）小组讨论：学生分成小组，针对课文内容进行讨论；（2）角色扮演：学生根据课文内容，进行角色扮演，锻炼口语表达能力；（3）写作练习：学生根据课文内容，撰写一篇短文，提高写作能力。
5. 总结与反思（1）教师总结本节课的学习内容，强调重点和难点；（2）学生分享自己的学习心得，互相学习、借鉴；（3）教师对本节课进行总结，指出学生的优点和不足，提出改进建议。
四、作业布置1. 复习课文，掌握文章的基本内容；2. 查阅词典，学习课文中的重点词汇和短语；3. 撰写一篇与课文主题相关的短文，字数不少于300字；4. 预习下一课，为下一节课做好准备。
五、教学评价1. 课堂参与度：评价学生在课堂上的积极参与程度；2. 阅读理解能力：评价学生对文章内容的理解程度；3. 写作能力：评价学生撰写短文的质量；4. 口语表达能力：评价学生在角色扮演中的表现。
lesson1_extension 现代大学英语精读4课件课文 外研社U1
WB T L E
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Quiz 1
Indicate if each statement is True (T) or False (F) according to your understanding of the text.
To be continued on the next page.
CDB
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Quiz 2
10. She had been educated in England, which
accounted for her ______ in the English language.
To be continued on the next page.
B A D/C
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Quiz 2
13. International football matches do not always make
______ better unde.
sad now.
A. divinity
B. indignity
C. ego
D. mind
8. Hundreds of people ______ on the playground for
watching the Dragon Lantern Show.
A. contrived
B. conformed
D. offence
5. The current spirit of _____ among the various
精读第四册Unit 1教案
授课题目：Unit 1Big Bucks the Easy Way授课类型：理论课教学目的：1) Help Ss get to know the lesson “No pains, no gains” and there is no “big bucks the easy way”.2) Ss should grasp the text content, basic vocabularies before class and finish the oral English practice in the class that required by T.3) Ss are to learn the reading skill—avoiding vocalization and inner speech.4) Ss are to learn the writing skill—words’ choice.教学要求：1) Get the main idea and summarize the text.2) Make a role-play according to the text.3) Do the exercises in the textbook.4) Understand that there is no way to earn money easily.教学重点及难点：理解文章主旨思想，完成role-play或者finding a part-time job的口语练习。
教学方法和手段：以学生为中心，采取交际法、翻译法、交互法、讨论法与演示法等多种方法相结合开展课程教学。
课堂讨论，促进师生互动；图表讲解课文结构及写作技巧；使用录音机、幻灯片、多媒体课件、相关图文资料及网络辅助教学等手段深入讲解课文，多层次多角度的开展课堂活动，使学生寓学于乐。
教学内容和过程：Step One Pre-reading Activities (20 minutes)1. Warm-up questions (10 mins)1) Do you depend on your parents financially?2) Have you ever had the worst experience of earning money? Please tell us about the time, kind of work and the amount of money you earn from that job.3) Do you think it was worthwhile? Did you get anything else besides money?4) Is it easy to earn money by working part-time? Are there any easy ways to make much money?Step Two While-reading Activities (40 minutes)1. Ss read the text and then discuss the following questions (30 mins)Lines 1-91. What did the father tell his college sons to think about?To deliver bags of magazines to make some of their own money.2. What was the father worried about?The sons would become used to or feel content with living by asking for money all the time.Lines 10-221. Why did the mother phone the father?She wanted him to know what was going on at home.2. How do you understand the word “super” she snapped?“S uper” means ver y good. But she “snapped” it, which means she was very angry. She was being sarcastic, i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.3. Can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up out front”?Another truck has stopped outside in front of our house to deliver more materials.Lines 23-291. Which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?The Sunday Newspaper Company.2. Why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?Each one was from a different company and had the ads the sons were required to deliver to 4000 houses.3. Why did two boys think it “piece of cake?They had no idea of how much work it would mean.Lines 30-35What did the father mean when he said “they are college men.”?He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with the situation.Lines 36-501. In what cases does people’s voice become unnaturally high and quavering?When they are excited, angry, upset and the like.2. What does “magazine sections” mean?Parts of magazines, 8 or 12 pages long.3. How many steps are there in the process before delivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661. What do you think of the father’s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2. Why did the father say “That’s encouraging”?The sons were learning how to solve the problem of manpower shortage; they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lines.3. Why did the mother say “it is very discouraging”?The measures weren’t working at all.Lines 67-771. W hat do you think of the father’s bonus program？It is reasonable and logical. Bonus is a popular incentive that management adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly get a big fish.2. Did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obtained.3. Why did the son answer “Yes, Sir”?He had come to realize it was a business and he took the father’s instructions as an order.Lines 78-861. What does “see the color of cash” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2. What’s the difference between the original payment and the demanded one?The original payment was five dollars per person, while now they demanded five dollars per hour.3. Who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Lines 87-94Why did the son think it “enough”?No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great efforts and they learnt a lot from the experience.Lines 95-1091. What did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They learnt to make their own money in order to avoid having to ask for money all the time.2. What were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family’s books.3. Do you agree “you’re never done with books”?Yes. Because………No. B ecause ………..2. T asks Ss to summarize the main idea and structure of the text (10 mins) Summary questions and concluding remarks:1) Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money for themselves? Give reasons for your answer.I think it necessary…….because………..2) What do you think is needed in accomplishing something difficult?I think it is self-confidence, perseverance, co-operation or team work, reasonable management, strategies of solving problems, etc.3) What is the father’s tone in telling the story?The tone is light and ironic because the story is meant to be funny. The problem in the story was one that people think is very serious when it happens, but later they can laugh about.Step Three Post-reading Activities(100 minutes)1. Ss are to finish the exercises that are related to the new words after class and T explains some if necessary. (10 mins)2. Ss are to do role-play according to the text or make dialogues with the topic “Finding a Part-time Job” and present their performance in the class. (80 mins) Some useful expressions for finding jobs they may use:Job huntingInquiriesI’m looking for a summer job. Do you have any positions open?I’m looking for a job. Are there any vacancies /positions vacant in your company?Do you have any vacancy for a part-time job? /Do you have any job for a part-timer?/I was wondering whether you needed any part-timers.Hello, I’m calling about your ad for a lab assistant. Is the position still open? /Is the place filled?I’m interested in the job you advertised in yesterday’s newspaper for an office assistant. Do you still have that vacancy?ResponsesWhat kind of job do you want /would you like /are you interested in?Are you looking for full-time or part-time work?We have an opening for an office assistant. Are you familiar with modern office equipment?We may have an opening soon. Call me again in two weeks’ time.I’m sorry, there’s no vacancy recently. I’ll contact you if anything turns up.I’m sorry the position has been filled /the job is taken.Why don’t you send us your resume and we can keep it on file?Job InterviewsFor InterviewersTell me a little about yourself.Why are you interested in the job? /What interests you most about the job?Why did you leave your last job?What kind of experience do you have for the job? /Have you done any work in this area before?What do you think are your strengths?Would you mind telling me something about your personality?What do you think you would bring to the job? /Why do you think we should giveyou the job?Can you work well with other people?Do you speak any foreign languages?Would you be willing to travel on business?How soon can you begin to work for us? /How soon could you start working?Is there anything you’d like to ask about the job? /Are there any questions you want to ask me about the company or anything else?That’s all that I want to ask you. We’ll let you know our decision in a few days. Thank you for coming in. We’ll get in touch with you as soon as we make a decision./We’ll be in touch with you within the next two weeks.For IntervieweesI’ve just graduate from Beijing University with a Bachelor’s degree in computer science.I’m graduating from university in July. My major is Economics and my minor is English.I had a summer job with an import-export company.In my last year at college, I worked as an intern in the sales /marketing /human resources department of an electronics company.I have taken a course in office administration.I’m applying for the job because it’s something I really enjoy doing.I think the job will give me a chance to use all the skills I’ve acquired.I have a cheerful personality /a high sense of responsibility.I have good organizational skills and I’m able to work without a lot of supervision. I’m very good with people /a good team player.I’d like to know if the company provides opportunities for further education.I wonder how much you’ll be paying for the job.Do you mind telling me what benefits you provide for your employees?When will I know whether I have the job? /When will I know your decision?3. T makes comments on their performance. (10 mins)Assignments（作业）1) Ss are to finish all the exercises after class.2) Preview Unit 2.课后小结：。
现代大学英语 精读4 unit1unit6 短语、句子翻译(全)另附重点课文全文翻译
浴巾a bath towel 文法学校a grammar school永恒的真理the eternal truth文件柜a filling cabinet 新鲜空气fresh air纯属无稽之谈utter nonsense 违规行为delinquent behavior常客a frequent visitor高品德的high-minded monologue 固定的观点a settle view 时事current affairs身体障碍a physical impediment一阵狂风a hideous wind令人厌恶的景象a hideous sight言语障碍 a speech impediment 使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情heady patriotism无情的人侵者the remorseless invaders 首相the Prime Minister 烂苹果rotten apples国际联盟the League of Nations 思维过程a mental process 条理清楚的文章a coherent article一位点头之交a nodding acquaintance一个完整的体系a coherent system一位口译好手a proficient interpreter 一种不可阻挡的趋向an irresistible trend逐字逐句的激励literally inspired夜生活evening life食宿board and lodging 供吃住的寄宿舍boarding-house瞬间a split second玻璃弹子glass marbles做徒劳无益的事whipping the dead horse阿司匹林片aspirin tablets在此情况下in the circumstances提前in advance走过场a matter of form 楼梯间平台的窗户landing window紧张气氛the tense atmosphere毛线针knitting needles梦游to walk in one’s sleep飞机翼展the wingspan of a plane专业的历史工作者professional historians基于常识的反应a common-sense reaction事物的这种状况this state of affairs意见不一的历史学家contending historians老生常谈的事a cut-and-dried matter一个个人喜好的问题a matter of personal preference截然不同的观点diametrically opposed points of view 民间故事folk tales书面文件written documents过去的遗留物the remains of the past人的动机和行为human motivations and behavior 复杂和精细sophistication and subtlety 商船merchant ships 一旦发生潜艇战in the event of a submarine warfare一个粗糙的理论a crude theory 好战的行为belligerent acts宣传机器a propaganda machine 德国外交部长the German foreign secretary权力平衡the balance of power因果关系the cause and effect海岸炮兵the shore batteries 终极关怀the ultimate concern 近因a proximate cause人们常说的一句话a well-used phrase不会出错的解释 a foolproof explanation绝对有效的模式a model of unquestioned validity 永不停止的探索a never-ending quest 一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标an elusive yet intriguing goal难以解决的两难困境an insoluble dilemma 一本难以看懂的书an incomprehensible book一个爱交际的女人a sociable woman 黑市the black market黑色幽默black humor 害群之马black sheep黑人权利black power表达能力不强的人inarticulate people 全国性活动 a nationwide campaign赞美的话complimentary remarks 淘气男孩a mischievous boy一些有权力的人物certain powerful quarters 种族隔离的学校segregated schools 不可争议的权威indisputable authority公海high sea 上流社会high society 机密的消息confidential information 冷漠的门impersonal doors客观的信an impersonal letter 真诚的羡慕an unselfish envy紧张的声音a strained voice度假别墅holiday villa 一个著名的电视名人a famous television personality 刻薄下流语言obscene language 下流故事an obscene story银行袭击a bank raid 生产双层玻璃公司a double-glazing company联合抵押joint mortgage 拌嘴a cross word永远达不到的目标an unattainable goal 乡村和西部音乐country and western music加重了的潜水腰带a weighted diving belt 心碎heart-broken以自我为中心的人a self-centered man光是重量sheer weight光是运气sheer luck 一派胡言sheer nonsense军号声bulge call 人工呼吸kiss of life一串气泡 a trail of bubbles一点点关心one tiny scrap of care 非理性因素non-rational factors 过去的好日子good old days思想模式thought patterns 陈旧的故事stock anecdotes思路brain path 鲜明的对比 a striking contrast 强烈的满足感keen satisfaction 感情上的联想sentimental association 一场恶吵a bitter quarrel 酸葡萄sour grapes毫无根据的意见groundless opinions社会地位social position重要而有说服力的因素 a potent factor怀疑的余地room of doubt一种教条的观点great intellects大学者们great intellects不可避免的结果inevitable result 长期的斗争age-long struggle互相矛盾冲突的观点conflicting ideas鲜明的例子striking examples根深蒂固的信仰deeply-rooted convictions仅仅是断言bare assertion低头to sink one's head 使船沉没to sink the ship思考生命的意义to contemplate the meaning of life让阳光一下照着to catch the light毁了一个人的身体to ruin one's health 毁了国家to ruin the country猛敲桌子to bang the desk 扮演一个重要的角色to playa prominent role占有重要的位置to hold a prominent position 一个虔诚的佛教徒a pious Buddhist获得一种名声to gain a reputation 满足一个人的虚荣心to satisfy one's ego严刑逼供to give sb the third degree 发明一种教学方法to devise a teaching method在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪to slide a gun into sb's hand引起一些兴趣to whip up a little interest让谈话继续下去to keep the ball rolling让谈话开始to set the ball rolling一个作风古怪的百万富翁an eccentric millionaire分配资金to allot capital 勒紧裤带to tighten one’s belt 讲一句话to make a remark伸出一只手to stretch out one’s hand 润润嘴唇to moisten one’s lips抱怨天气to complain of the weather将棍子用力插入沙中to plunge the stick into the sand 突然冲我来了to turn on me 使某人心烦to get on one’s nerve是某人将某事忘得精光t o put something out of someone’s mind脱钩t o come off the hook做填字游戏t o do a crossword puzzle 擤鼻涕to blow one’s nose 在鼻子上涂粉to powder one’s nose 提出案发时不在现场的证据to give an alibi获得新的深刻认识to gain new insights 修改一个人的观点to revise one’s ideas追查起因to trace the cause 从这前提出发to begin from this premise朝目标开火to open fire on/at 给以同样重视to give equal weight to sth支持某一观点to support a certain view 对政府施加影响to influence the government破坏实力平衡to destroy the balance of power 组成联盟to form an alliance偿还贷款to repay the loans 考虑战争的问题to contemplate war填补缺口to fill in the gaps 结束探索to conclude the quest从某一角度看问题to view sth from a certain perspective从比较中获益to benefit from the comparison消灭差别to eliminate from the comparison 深入研究问题to dig into the problem 淹没在大海之中to be immersed in a vast sea从不同的观点出发to stem from a different point of view命中注定要做某事to be destined to do sth 无视这个事实to ignore the fact作出假设to make an assumption 打败敌人to defeat the enemy夺回失土to win back one’s lost territory沉船to sink a boat截获机密to intercept the secret message将证据凑在一起to piece together evidence接近真理to approximate the truth 掌握新技术to master new techniques庆祝他的50华诞to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 引起羡慕to excite admiration触动良心to touch the conscience 得奖to win the prize受到训斥to receive a reprimand 省去这些字to omit the words宣布放弃奖金renounce the prizes 避免一场危机avert a crisis参加仪式attend the ceremony 展示一件艺术品exhibit a work of art尽情享受乐趣to indulge in pleasures 保护一个孩子guard a child感到有能力做某事feel up to do something 使某事正式结束bring sth to a close挥手让某人进去wave sb in 使某人不必处于某种场合to save sb from a situation向某人说说心里话to talk out one’s heart to sb 把某人打翻在地knock sb down给某人斟酒pour sb a drink 举杯祝酒raise one’s glass从大腿上慢慢流下来trickle down her legs像鲸鱼一样喷水puff like a whale想雪一样融化掉melt down like snow 一眼看清了当时的情况sum up the scene进行电视采访do their interview 心存怨恨bear resentment难受的想吐feel sick in the stomach 突然大声的怒气冲冲的冲进来come in like thunder 渐渐散去drift away gradually 看中某人的意见value one’s opinion提高在某人心中的地位increase one’s standing with sb使自己振作起来pull oneself together 开始提供晚餐serve dinner 禽抱一个拿枪的劫匪tackle an armed robber和某人厮守下去stick with sb 系上腰带fasten the seat belt虐待妻子abuse one’s wife 和很多人乱搞男女关系screw his way around碰某人一个手指头lay a finger on sb 进行人工呼吸catch sb trying to do sth用力把自己身体升起heave oneself up浮出水面float to the surface在水下拼命挣扎thrash about under the water 使自己依靠在某物上prop oneself against冲出水面break surface 抓住某物seize hold of sth 把自己用力拉起来haul oneself up 紧紧锁住某人双手pinion one’s arms 把某人挡开fend sb off击中某处land a blow 呆在水下stay under in the water将这些观点加以归类to classify propositions 持有一种意见to hold an opinion 建立信念to establish convictions 颠倒过程to reverse the process 对是否是真相提出疑问to question the truth 获得财富to acquire wealth接受一种新的信念to adopt a new belief 放弃信念to abandon belief证明完全相反to demonstrate the contrary 相信这一事实to credit the fact 怀有一种意见to entertain an opinion使这个字的意思延伸一下to extend the term珍惜他们的尊敬to value their respect轻视他们的意见to belittle their opinions考虑某一点to make an allowance改变我们的思维模式to alter our thought patterns走同样的路to take the same course鹦鹉学舌般重复他人的思想to parrot others' ideasUNIT 11、我知道，不管发生什么I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始The truth is always in the hand of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10, 民主意味着由Democracy mean s that the majority rules, but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11、一个国A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12、那次晚会很乏味The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13 路很泥泞The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14、有一天，我因为One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15、佛罗里达州The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16、认为太阳绕着地球The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17、这些胡同The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18、日子一天天过去Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19、他怕犯错He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20、她的身体糟糕到了Her health was such terrible that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.你能强迫一个Y ou can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.学习文学The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.通过阅读范文Y ou can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.在中世纪In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.我既没有时间I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.小金Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.爱能改善人们Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.优秀的企业Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.许多东西Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.在过去的10年里In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.UNIT21、我们公司在这么短It is a miracle how our company has developed into a multinational in sucha short span of time.2、那个国家的平均寿命The average life span of that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3、这两个国家的冲突The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4有四座大桥There are four bridges spanning the river.5、我对你非常感谢I'm much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6、不，这个聚会No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don't have to go if you don't want to.7 人们找她She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8 山谷里有一个小湖In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for picnic .9、他坐在一个阴凉Sitting in that shady spot he soon dozed off.10、他看见我把一个塑料He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bag by the roadside.11 那是一件白底蓝点It is a white shirt with blue spots. It looks quite pretty.12、这位侦探发现了The detective spotted the suspect and he walked and arrested him.13、有一个气球爆了One of the balloons popped and it gave me quite a start.14 在上课的时候进It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15、当他看见那位小伙子When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16、在那些国家里水比油In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring dollars' worth of water as a gift.17、这个项目完成When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18、这电影不值得看两遍This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it's not worth seeing at all.19 我觉得那地方值得I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional houses intact-houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20、贾宝玉当他父亲Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father's worthy son. He yearned for freedom.1.看来病人在这个城市It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.交朋友易It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.他总是懂的朋友He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4.或许根本就不是Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5.那男孩一点也不The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.不知道王宁I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from himfor almost a year.7.你出生于什么样的家庭It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test ishow far you can go from where you started.8.她简直不相信She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twintowers were standing there.9.第八号陪审员Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbedthe boy’s father to death.10.在市场经济中In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than bygovernment agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.UNIT3The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.What do you think caused the upsurge of international terrorism?We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.There is always opposition to any progress and reform.Some people are always opposed to new things.A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.The Business Bank now offers a special loan for students who can't pay for their education.The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.Her concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14.在他访问期间，During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15根据这些有理疑点，陪审团只能得出结论，这个少Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.I'd like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicity through the media.3.在中国大陆，“爱人In China mainland, "sweet heart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are in trouble.5.从广义上说，货币指Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted inexchange for other goods and services.An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn't put what he says into practice.Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8.经济学定义为研究商品和服务的生产、分配和消费的社会Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, especially photographs and video can be stored, for use on a computer.10.《牛津高级学生词典》The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working in order to do other things".UNIT41、因为疯牛病Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2、在战争期间During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3、吸毒是一件严重It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.4、她正躺在悬挂She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.5 这次暂停销售The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6 这也许是亚洲This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7 这个作家善于制造悬念。
新起点大学英语精读第四册Unit1BigBuckstheEasyWay剖析
Unit One:Big Bucks the Easy WayTwo college-age boys, unaware that making moneyusually involves hard wor k, are tempted by anadvertisement that promises them an easy way toearn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that ifsomething seems to good to be true , it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our twocollege-age sons."It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all theti me." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. Amessage printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ( "Big Bucks the Easy Way!") ofdelivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longerembarr asses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I le ft town on abusiness trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel ro om far from home. The phonerang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped."Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled upout fron t.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wa rds. The secondbrought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what thi s one has, but I'm sure it will befour thousand of something. Since you are re sponsible, I thought you might like to knowwhat's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which m ade it necessary tohand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are inclu ded with the Sunday paper. Thecompany had promised our boys $600 for deli vering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sundaymorning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed,"And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife infor med me."Thereare thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys arecarrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we d o about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed."They're college men. They'll do what they have todo."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent messag e to telephonemy wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloadsof ad inserts."They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of t housands, maybemillions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wa ll-to-wall all through the house instacks taller than your oldest son. There's on ly enough room for people to walk in, take oneeach of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide theminto a plasti c bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant inA merica!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the h uman ear. "Allthis must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning." "Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to youlater. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous stea k, but knew betterby now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple ofneighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines h ave been set up. In thelanguage of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'" "That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected."It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bagshave been f illed and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in t hesituation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!" "Another thing," she continued."Your college sons must learn that one does not get the bestout of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled,"I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again!Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the mostbags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the delive ries on time. Ifthey don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by your selves. And there will be noeating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said,"Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus p rogram hadworked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then so me activist on the work forceclaimed that the workers had no business settlin g for $5 and a few competitive bonuses whilethe bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workerswere entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed. The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $ 2 per hour.Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. d eadline. By thetime I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accou nts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and helpin delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of themput it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was d rawn to the oddgoings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carto n after carton from variouscorners of the house out the front door to curbside . I assumed their mother had enlisted themto remove junk for a trash pick up. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire libr ary."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as wellmake a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indig nity of having to ask you for……"New Wordsbuckn. (sl.) U.S. dollarplastica. 塑料的n. (pl) 塑料doorknobn. 门把手leisurelya. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的leisuren. free time 空闲时间，闲暇lucrativea. profitable有利的；赚钱的painvt. cause pain topanhandlevi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streetsdeliveryn. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交enthusevi. show enthusiasminquirevt. asksupera. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellentsnapvt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说insertn. 插页normallyad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常companyn. 公司echovt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复adn. (short for) advertisementinformvt. tell; give information 告知porchn. (AmE) veranda 门廊armloadn. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armfulwalkn. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道unnaturallyad. in an unnatural way 不自然地quavervi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble颤抖truckloadn. as much or as many as a truck can carrydepartment storen. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司dimen. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten centsdime storen.(AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口店drugstoren.(AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, ma gazines, andfood 药店，杂货店groceryn. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店sectionn. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion（文章等的）段落；节；部分cramvt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把……塞满；把……塞进stackn. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）bandn. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物vt. tie up with a band捆扎rubber bandn. 橡皮筋takeouta. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的rangen. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围marvel(l)ousa. wonderful; astonishingsteakn. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片soura. 酸的eeln. 鳗鲡diplomacyn. 外交encouraginga. 鼓舞人心的dentn. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress 凹痕，凹坑，初步进展reproducevt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖bodilya. of the human body; physicalharmn. damage or wrong 伤害audiencen. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见的机会snarlvt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说bonusn. an extra payment to workers 奖金thoughtfula. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的cashn. money in coins or notes 现金activistn. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement激进分子work forcen. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动人口competitivea. 竞争的organizern. person who organizes things 组织者mediationn. 调解partyn. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人graduallyad. slowly and by degrees.graduala.shrink (shrank, shrunk)vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限station wagonn. 小型客车，客货两用车minimum (pl. minima or minimums)n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等minimum wagen. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资odda. strange; unusualgoings-onn. activities, usu. of an undesirable kindcartonn. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒） curbsiden. the area of sidewalk at or near curb（curb: 人行道的镶边石）enlistvt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得……的支持和帮助；征募trashn. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish垃圾pickupn. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车overhearvt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到financen. money matters; (used in pl.) money;(science of ) the management of funds财政；钱财；金融geezint.哎呀，呀salen. the act of selling sth.Phrases & Expressionsbring or come to a stop （使）停下a piece of cake(informal) sth. very easy to doeven asjust at the same moment asknow better thanbe wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于be atbe occupied with, be doingmake a dent (in)make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step toward s success(in)减少一点；取得初步进展cut intoreduce; decrease 减少have no businesshave no right or reason 无权，没有理由settle foraccept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于settle one's accountpay what one owes 结帐quite a whilea fairly long timedraw(sb.'s) attention tomake sb. notice, or be aware offor saleintended to be soldfor rentavailable to be rentedbe done withstop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用may/might/could as wellwith equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好Proper NamesMontgomery Ward蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司Sears, Roebuck西尔斯—罗百克百货公司。
现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点
现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点Detailed study of the text[Paragraph 1]1. conclusion:a) sth you describe after considering all the information you havee.g. come to / arrive at / jump to/ reach / draw a conclusionThe police came to the inescapable conclusion that the children had beenmurdered.There were perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the abovediscussion.All the facts justify the conclusion that he is guilty.b) the end or final part of sthe.g. At the conclusion of the conference, little progress has been made.c) in conclusion: used in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what you are sayinge.g. In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today. conclude v.concluding adj.: the last remark etc in an event or piece of writingconclusive adj. showing that sth is definitely truethe _________ section of Chapter 6The investigation failed to provide any ________ evidence.[ Paragraph 2]2. statuette n.a very small statue that can be put on a table or shelf-ette suffix (in noun):a) a small thing of a particular typee.g. a kitchenette (= small kitchen) a snackette (= a very small meal),roomette, essayette, storiette, cigarette, parasolette, historiette,b) a woman who is doing a particular jobe.g. an usherette (= female usher), sailorette, conductrette, typette, undergraduette c) sth that is not real, but is imitatione.g. leatherette, flannelette, rosette, linenette3. nothing but: only; nothing excepte.g. The doctor told her that it was nothing but a cold.He was nothing but a coward.他只在乎自己的名誉和地位。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Text Analysis
The summary of the characteristics of the three grades of thinking
busying being beautiful
busy being natural
not miserable, an image of pure thought
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
Scan the text and list
out the related information.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Theme
Thinking is not just for professional thinkers like philosophers. It is something all educated people should enjoy doing, and it is considered one of the most precious qualities in young scholars for the healthy mental development.
thinking Grade-three
characteristics
Ignorance, hypocrisy, prejudice, self-satisfied, contradictions
examples
Mr. Houghton, nine tens oபைடு நூலகம் people
Grade-two Grade-one
WB T L E
The end of Theme.
I. Text Analysis
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Structure
Part 1 (Paras. 1—24 ) about:How the subject of thinking was first brought up to the author and his understanding of the nature of “grade-three thinking”
W B T LL E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Text Analysis
Question: How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking? Headmaster: nothing human in his eyes, no possibility of communication (not understand his students) Me, the boy: delinquent, not integrated, misunderstanding the symbolic meaning of the statuettes, couldn’t think Mr. Houghton: ruined by alcohol, preaching high-moral life but showing hypocritical and prejudiced nature A pious lady: who hated German with the proposition of loving enemies
girls
Mr. Houghton
In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.
Part 2 (Paras. 25—29) about:The author’s analysis of the nature of “grade-two thinking”
Part 3 (Paras. 30—35) about:The author’s understanding of the “grade-one thinking” and his desire for it
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
I. Text Analysis
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Question: How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking?
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Text Analysis
Question: What do the three statuettes symbolize? What effect do the boy’s descriptions have? They represented the whole of life. The leopard stood for all animal needs or desires; Venus stood for love and the Thinker stood for thinking as a uniquely human feature. An humorous and sarcastic effect has been achieved by the author’s description of the statuettes, which established a background to support his later analysis of three grades of thinking and some human natures.
W B T LL E
The end of Text Analysis.
II. Writing Devices
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Metonymy （转喻）
It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23)
3. Give examples of Golding’s wit. Does his sense of humor and the use of some writing devices help him achieve his purpose in this essay? Give some examples.
based on a logical moral between, only
system
in books
WB T L E
The end of General Analysis.
I. Text Analysis
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Further Questions on Appreciation
Part Three
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
WB T L E
ENTER
Text Appreciation
I. Text Analysis
1. Theme
2. Structure
3. General Analysis
4. Further Questions on Appreciation
More examples
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Writing Devices
Ruth: foolish argument, illogical and fled at last British Prime Minister: talking about the great benefit conferring on India by jailing Nehru and Gandhi American politicians: talking about peace and refusing to join the League of Nations Me, the author: not easily stampede, detect contradiction; turned into a professional thinker
1. What does the author mean when he say “… I dropped my hobby and turned professional”?
2. Why is the author much more conclusive and informative about grade-three and grade-two thinking than about grade-one? What do you think grade-one thinking is? Have you got any indication from the essay?