Effects of deterioration equipment reliability in a gas turbine cogeneration power plant
清洁空气模块说明书
Doc. No LV20***-OMK0003-A. CLAEAN AIR MODULECLAEAN AIR MODULELLB SeriesLLB Series1. Safety Instructions・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P3~42. Clean Air Module / Precautions ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P5~63. Specific Product Precautions・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P7~104. Variations ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P115. Specifications・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P12~13 6. Flow-rate Characteristics・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P147.Digital Flow Switch Output Specifications ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P158.Functions ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P169.Additional Module Procedure ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P1710.Element Replacing Procedure ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・P18These safety These instruc “Danger.”They are all (ISO/IEC)*1) ISO 4414:ISO 4413: IEC 60204 ISO 10218 etc.CaWaDa1. The com equipmen Since p equipment necessary a The expecte has determ This person information,equipment.2. Only pers The produc The assem performed b3. Do s confirmed.1.The inspe prevent fa 2.When the and precautions of all rele 3. Before m4. Contact S to be used 1. Condition direct sun 2. Installatio vehicles, beverage other app 3. An applic e in an mechanic afety instruction nstructions indice all important *1) , and other 414: Pneumatic flui 13: Hydraulic fluid 204-1: Safety of m 18-1992: Manipu Caution Warning Danger compatibility pment or decide the product spec ment must be dec sary analysis and xpected performan etermined its comp erson should als ation, with a view ment.personnel with oduct specified ssembly, operati med by an operat not service med.inspection and m vent falling or runa n the product is to the power from utionsl relevant product ore machinery/equ act SMC before used in any of ditions and enviro ct sunlight.allation on equipm cles, military, med erages, emergenc er applications uns application which ysis.in an interlock ci hanical protective Safety ctions are intend indicate the lev ant notes for sa other safety regu c fluid power -- Ge fluid power -- Gen of machinery -- anipulating industria on Caution in minor or ng Warning result in dea Danger in death or lity of the pro ecides its speci specified here is e decided by the s and test results.ormance and safe compatibility with d also continuou view to giving due with appropria ied here may bec peration and mai perator who is ap e or attempt to nd maintenance o r runaway of the d ct is to be remove from any appro oducts carefully.ry/equipment is eforehand and ny of the followi environments out quipment in conju y, medical treatme rgency stop circu ns unsuitable for t hich could have n ock circuit, which ective function, an Safety Ins ntended to preve e level of poten or safety and mu regulations.General rules rel General rules rela Electrical equipm dustrial robots -Safe on indicates a ha or or moderate inj ing indicates a ha death or seriou indicates a haz or serious injur e product th specifications.ere is used unde y the person who sults.d safety assuranc y with the product nuously review a ng due considerati opriate training y become unsafe maintenance o is appropriately tr mpt to remove nce of machinery the driven object moved, confirm th appropriate sour ully.t is restarted, take and take specia ollowing conditi s outside of the g conjunction with a eatment, combust circuits, clutch an e for the standard ave negative effe which requires the on, and periodical y Instruct prevent hazardo potential hazard nd must be folloes relating to syste s relating to system equipment of mach Safety. a hazard with a l ate injury. s a hazard with a erious injury. a hazard with a injury.Warning is the respon ons.under various op who designs the urance of the equi oduct.ew all specificati deration to any po ning should op nsafe if handled in ce of machines tely trained and e move product a hinery/equipment objects have been rm that the safety source is a , take measures pecial consider onditions.the given specific with atomic energ mbustion and recre ch and brake circ dard specification e effects on peopl es the provision o odical checks to cstructions zardous situation zard with the lab followed in add systems.ystems.machines .(Part 1: ith a low level of r with a medium leve th a high level of r ning sponsibility us operating con s the equipment o e equipment will b ifications of p ny possibility of e ld operate mac led incorrectly.ines or equipme and experienced.uct and machi ment should only b been confirmed.safety measures a cut, and read an ures to prevent un sideration of sa ecifications, or us energy, railways, recreation, or eq e circuits in press cations described people, property, ion of double inte s to confirm prope tionsuations and/or e he labels of “Ca n addition to Inte art 1: General requi el of risk which, if level of risk whi el of risk which, if y of the perso g conditions, its c ment or decides its will be the respon the product refer y of equipment fai machinery and uipment including ced.machinery/equip only be performed med.ures as mentioned ad and understa ent unexpected op of safety meas or use outdoors o ays, air navigatio or equipment in c press applications ribed in the produ erty, or animals re e interlock for po proper operation.d/or equipment d f “Caution,” “Wa o International S requirements) ch, if not avoided,k which, if not avo ch, if not avoided person who de compatibility des its specificatio esponsibility of the referring to la nt failure when co y and equipmen uding our produ equipment unti ormed after meas tioned above are erstand the spe ted operation and measures if the oors or in a place gation, space, sh nt in contact with f ations, safety equi product catalog.mals requiring spec or possible failur ation.ent damage. “Warning” or nal Standardsoided, could result ot avoided, could oided, will result ho designs the bility with specific ications based on of the person who its latest catalog en configuring the pment. products must be until safety is measures to e are implemented specific produc n and malfunction f the product is place exposed to e, shipping, with food and y equipment or log.g special safety failure by using a or rds result ould sult s the pecific ed on n who atalog ng the st be ety is ented oduct nction.uct is ed to ety sing a1.The produ The produc If consider specificatio If anythingLimited w The product Requirement Read and ac Limited wa 1.The warra delivered Also, Pleaseconsult yo2. For responsibili a replacem This limite incurred d3. Prior disclaimers noted in th∗2) Vacuu A vac Also, pad o warraComplianc 1. The mass de 2. The expo the relev to the sh that exporoduct is provid roduct herein de nsidering using ications or a con thing is unclear, ted warranty duct used su ments”.nd accept them b ed warranty a warranty period ered,whichever the product m ult your nearest any failure or sibility,lacement produ imited warranty red due to the f r to using SM mersd in the specifie Vacuum pads ar A vacuum pad is Also, even within ad or failure du warranty.pliance Requi use of SMC pr ss destruction(W exports of SM relevant securi he shipment of export are kno Safe provided for use ein described is b sing the produ a contract if nec clear, contact you rranty and D is subject the hem before using anty and Disc eriod of the pr hever is first.uct may have arest sales bra re or damage product or nece ranty applies o the failure of th g SMC produc ecified catalog f ds are excluded pad is a consum within the warra re due to the de Requirements MC products wi ion(WMD) or an f SMC products ecurity laws an nt of a SMC pro e known and f Safety In or use in manuf ed is basically pr roduct in other f necessary.ct your nearest s nd Disclaim to the following using the produ Disclaimer he product 1∗2)ave specified s branch.mage reported necessary part ies only to our p of the product roducts, please alog for the part luded from this nsumable part,warranty period he deterioration mentsts with produc or any other we ducts or techno s and regulatio C product to an nd f ollowed.ollowed.ty Instruc Caution anufacturing in lly provided for p other industriesrest sales branch claimer/Com wing “Limited wa product.mer t is 1 year s fied durability, rted within the parts will be pr our product ind duct.lease read an e particular prod m this 1 year wa part, so it is wa eriod, the wear ration of rubber oduction equip er weapon is st echnology from ulation of the co to another coustruction tion ng industries.d for peaceful us stries, consult S branch./Compliance ed warranty and r in service ility, running d n the warranty be provided.ct independent d and underst r products.ar warranty.is warranted for wear of a produ ubber material a quipment t is strictly proh from one coun he countries in r country, assu ctionsies.ul use in manufa sult SMC befor iance Requi y and Disclaime e or 1.5 years ing distance o ranty period w ndently, and not derstand the ed for a year aft roduct due to rial are not cov for the manufa prohibited. country to ano es involved in t assure that all anufacturing ind beforehand and Requirement aimer” and “Com ears after ce or replacem od which c d not to any oth warranty ar after it is deli e to the use of th t covered by th anufacture of wanother are go d in the transac t all local rules g industries. and exchange ments“Compliance the product is acement parts is clearly our y other damage nty terms and s delivered.e of the vacuum by the limited of weapons of re govemed by ansaction. Prior rules goveming hange nceuct is parts. y our mage and cuumted ns ofed byPrior ming付表2 5/5A: Creating a new chart by changingspecifications4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 JAPANTel: + 81 3 5207 8249 Fax: +81 3 5298 5362URL Note: Specifications are subject to change without prior notice and any obligation on the part of the manufacturer.© 2018SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved。
PSC检查英语
第一章定义和常用缩略语一、定义1. Clear grounds: evidence that the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the requirements of the relevant conventions or that the master or crewmembers are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution.明显依据:船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据,或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。
2. Deficiency: A condition found not to be in compliance with the requirements of the relevant convention.缺陷:发现的不符合有关公约要求的一种状况3. Detention: Intervention action taken by the port State when the condition of the ship or its crew does not correspond substantially with the applicable conventions to ensure that the ship will not sail until it can proceed to sea without presenting a danger to the ship or persons on board, or without presenting an unreasonable threat of harm to the marine environment.滞留:当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时,港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。
安装与维护手册 VK300 和 VK3000 三口和五口直接操作喷气阀说明书
Installation and Maintenance ManualSeries VK300 and VK3000 3 Port and 5 Port Direct Operating Solenoid ValvesThis Manual should be read in conjunction with the current product CatalogueFor future reference,please keep this manual in a safe placeThese safety instructions are intended to prevent a hazardous situation and/or equipment damage.These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard by label of “Caution”,“Warning”or “Danger”.To ensure safety,be sure to observe ISO4414 (Note1),JIS B 8370 (Note2)and other safety practices.Note 1:ISO 4414:Pneumatic fluid power – Recommendations for the application of equipment to transmission and control systems.Note 2:JIS B 8370:Pneumatic system axiom.CAUTION :Operator error could result in injury orequipment damage.WARNING:Operator error could result in serious injury or loss of life.DANGER :In extreme conditions, there is apossible result of serious injury or loss of life.1.The compatibility of pneumatic equipment is theresponsibility of the person who designs the pneumatic system or decides its specifications.Since the products specified here are used in various operatingconditions,their compatibility for the specific pneumatic system must be based on specifications or after analysis and/or tests tomeet your specific requirements.2.Only trained personnel should operate pneumaticallyoperated machinery and equipment.Compressed air can be dangerous if an operator is unfamiliar with it.Assembly,handling or repair of pneumatic systems should be performed by trained and experienced operators.3.Do not service machinery/equipment or attempt toremove component until safety is confirmed.1) Inspection and maintenance of machinery/equipment shouldonly be performed after confirmation of safe locked-out control positions.2) When equipment is to be removed,confirm the safety processas mentioned above.Switch off air and electrical supplies and exhaust all residual compressed air in the system.3)Before machinery/equipment is re-started,ensure all safetymeasures to prevent sudden movement of cylinders etc.(Bleed air into the system gradually to create back-pressure,i.e.incorporate a soft-start valve).4.Contact SMC if the product is to be used in any of thefollowing conditions:1)Conditions and environments beyond the givenspecifications,or if product is used outdoors.2)Installations in conjunction with atomic energy,railway,airnavigation,vehicles,medical equipment,food and beverage,recreation equipment,emergency stop circuits,press applications,or safety equipment.3)An application which has the possibility of having negativeeffects on people,property,or animals,requiring special safety analysis.Ensure that the air supply system is filtered to 5 micron.ENSURE THAT THE EXHAUST PORTS ARE LEFT OPEN WHEN CONVERTING A VALVE TO 3 PORT CONFIGURATION.VK300-TFM71Specifications Type of operation Direct operated 2-position single solenoid Operating fluid AirStandard Operating pressure rangeVacuum Ambient temperature and operating fluid temperature MAX.50 ºC Standard * Response timeLow wattManual Operation Non-lock push type LubricationUnnecessary Mounting positionAny position ** Impact,vibration resistance 300m/s 2,50m/s ProtectionIP65*In accordance with the dynamic performance test of JIS B 8374-1981 (at the rated voltage,**Impact resistance:No malfunction from test using drop impact tester to axis and right angle direction of main valve and armature,one time when energised and de-energised.Vivration resistance:No malfunction from test with from 8.3 to 2000Hz 1 sweep to axis and right angle direction of main valve andarmature each time when energised and de-energised (Value in the initial stage).Solenoid Specifications Electrical entry DIN type terminal (D)AC Rated voltage DC Allowable voltage ±10%Inrush Apparent power Holding Standard Power consumptionLow watt AC Surge voltage protection circuit Fig 1PlugPlug231425134242513513M3X26Screw W/Spring washer Manifold gasketDXT199-23-4M3X8Screw W/Spring washer Blanking plate VK300-33-3VK3000-7-1Manifold gasket for blanking plateVK3000-6-3M3X26Screw W/Spring washer DXT199-23-4VK3120-OG-01VK3140-OGVK3000-6-1Manifold gasket VK3000-6-2Applicable base Model VV5k3-20Model VV5k3-21Manifold base}Applicable base VK3000-9-1Model VV5k3-40Model VV5k3-(S)41Model VV5k3-(S)42Manifold baseSubplate }(3) Blanking plate Ass’y Parts No.:VK3000-7-1AApplicable base:common for all VV5k3 modelsFig 2(1) Model VK332(2) Model VK334M3X26Screw W/Spring washerManifold gasket DXT199-23-4M3X26Screw W/Spring washer DXT199-23-4VK332-OG-01VK334-OGVK300-41-1VK300-33-3Manifold gasketVK300-41-2Applicable base Model VV3k3-20Model VV3k3-21Model VV5k3-20Model VV5k3-21Manifold baseManifold baseSubplate }Applicable baseVK300-45-1Model VV3k3-40Model VV3k3-(S)42Model VV5k3-40Model VV5k3-(S)41Model VV5k3-(S)42(3) Blanking plate Ass’y Parts No.:VK300-42-1A M3X8Screw W/Spring washer VK300-42-1Blanking plate VK300-41-3Manifold gasket for blanking plateApplicable base:common for all VV3k3 models}Mixed Mounting of VK300 Series and VK3000 Series (Fig 4)It is possible to mount the VK300 onto the Manifold base of the VK3000 Series.When specifying VV5K3-20 or VV5K3-40,ensure that theappropriate Exhaust Port on the Manifold base is PLUGGED using a rubber plug part No.VK3000-8-1,as this Exhaust port becomes redundant when mounting 3 port Valves.The 3 port Valve can also be mounted on additional Manifolds i.e.VV5K3-21,VV5K3-(S)41 and VV5K3-(S) 42 without additional modifications.CAUTION•When converting a 5 port Valve,from 3 ports back to 5 ports ensure that the exhaust plug is removed.•When a 3 port Valve (VK300) is Mounted onto the Manifold base of the VK3000 Series,the Valve function will be NORMALLY CLOSED.If a NORMALL Y OPEN function is required plug port No.of a 5 port Valve.•When piping from the Manifold base,the port No.Valve becomes the port No.4 of the 5 port Valve.possibility of incorrect piping to the port No.port No.2 is plugged.Model VV5K3-20VK332-OG-01VK3120-OG-01Plug VK3000-8-1Plug VK3000-8-1Notch mark (Recession)Notch mark (Recession)VK334-OGModel VV5K3-40VK3140-OGConnection Method for Lamp/Surge Voltage Protection Circuit (Fig 7)When using a DIN connector with DC voltage connect the positive side (-) to the symbol 2 of the terminal block.Part No.of the connector without lamp:VK300-82-1Part No.of the connector with lamp:Refer to the following table Rated voltage *Marking Parts No.AC100V 100V VK300-82-2-01AC110V 110V VK300-82-2-03AC200V 200V VK300-82-2-02AC220V 220V VK300-82-2-04AC240V 240V VK300-82-2-07DC6V 6V VK300-82-4-51DC12V 12V VK300-82-4-06DC24V 24VD VK300-82-3-05DC48V48VDVK300-82-3-53*Indicated on the terminal block.Changing the Direction of the Connector (Cable)After separating the Terminal block from the housing,the cable direction can be changed 4 ways at 90º intervals.WARNINGIf the connector is fitted with a lamp,ensure that the lamp is not damaged by the lead wire of the cable.Applicable Cable.( 2 conductors or 3* conductors)Outside diameter of the cable should be ø3.5 ~ ø7mm.Note 3 Conductor cables are used when connecting to Ground.CAUTIONEnsure that the connector is straight during insertion or removal.Piping tightening torque Connecting screwAppropriate tightening torqueN•m {kgf•cm}M5 1.5~2{15~20}Rc (PT) 1/87~9 {70~90}LubricationThe valve has been lubricated for life on assembly and requires no additional lubrication.element.Keep the residual leakage voltage to 20% or less of the rated voltage for AC coils and 2% or less of the rated voltage for DC coils.MaintenanceWARNINGWhen changing the rated voltage the valve MUST be replaced,as it is NOT possible to change the coil.It is NOT possible to dismantle the valve due to its design.Application of undue force to the valve may damage the valve section.Neon glow lamp with DC,connect the positive side to the Red lead wire and the Negative side to the Black the Blue lead wire is for 100VAC,and the Red Fig 7Varistor Varistor LED LED V a r i s t o rNo.1No.2No.2No.1(+)No.2(-)DiodeNo.1(+)2D i o d eRed (+)Black (-)Surge voltage protection circuitFig 9When you enquire about the product,please contact the following SMC Corporation :ENGLAND Phone 01908-563888TURKEY Phone 212-2211512ITALY Phone 02-92711GERMANY Phone 6103-402-0HOLLAND Phone 020-*******FRANCE Phone 01-64-76-10-00SWITZERLAND Phone 052-396 31 31SWEDEN Phone 08-603 07 00SPAIN Phone 945-184100AUSTRIA Phone 02262-62-280Phone 902-255255IRELAND Phone 01-4501822GREECE Phone 01-3426076DENMARK Phone 70 25 29 00FINLAND Phone 09-68 10 21NORWAY Phone 67-12 90 20BELGIUM Phone 03-3551464POLAND Phone 48-22-6131847PORTUGAL Phone 02-610 8922*Marking*MarkingFor AC and DC 12V or less For DC 24V or moreLight (built in connector)Surge voltage protection circuit (built into the terminal block)AC circuit drawingNL:Neon lamp R:ResistorDC circuit drawing 12V or lessLED:Light emitting diode R:ResistorDC circuit drawing 24V or moreD:Protective diodeLED:Light emitting diode R:Resistor*C o n t a c t p o i n tC -R e l e m e n tCurrent leakageVoltage leakageValvePower sourceC o i lC o i lCoilCoil CoilCoil No.1No.2No.1No.2No.1Neon glow lamp DiodeD i o d eNo.2No.12No.1V a r i s t o rFig 6Fixing screwHousing(Code)Refer to table below Terminal screw (3 places)Slotted area(Light installation position)Terminal block Grommet (Rubber)WasherGland nut。
影响型吹枪IGB1系列说明书
Doc. No IBG****-OMY0020PRODUCT NAMEIMPACT BLOW GUNMODEL / Series / Product NumberIBG1 SERIES1.Table of contents・・・P 12.How to order・・・P 23.Specifications・・・P 24.External dimensions drawing・・・P3,45.How to mount a nozzle・・・P5,66.Safety Instructions・・・P7-10-1-*1A long nozzle and a silencer are included in a package but do not come mounted. Refer to page 4 for assembly procedures.*2 T his is the part number for the long nozzle and fitting set.*3 T he silencer and long nozzle can be used together. Part number*The S coupler or fitting is shipped together with the product.for ordering a silencer alone is IBG1-12S .2.3With S coupler plugmounted (KK4P-03MS)With One-touch fittingmounted (KQ2H २-२AS)Long nozzleIBG10/Without adjusterIBG11/With adjuster4IBG 10_11/With nozzleIBG 10_Long nozzle(Option)Long nozzle with a silencer (Option)Chip guard(Please order separately.)*The rubber bushing is shipped together with the product.* I t is possible to use the guard with a silencer, but in that case, mount the guard before mounting the silencer.4How to mount a nozzle to the Impact-Blowgun (Series IBG)FerruleBodyfitting body.Put a mark.MarkingUnion nutGap 2mm or lessSilent nozzleUnion nutFerrule How to mount a silent nozzle to the Impact-Blowgun (Series IBG)Tighten the union nut until it touches the silent nozzleElementNozzle : Put a mark.MarkingMarkingGap 2mm or less.Tighten the union nut so that the clearance Approx. 17mmThese safety These instru “Danger.”They are all (ISO/IEC)*1) ISO 4414: I SO 4413:IEC 60204ISO 102 etc.Ca 1.The comequipmenSince thepequipment necessary a The expecte has determ This person information,equipment.2.Only persThe produc Theassemperformed b3.Do notsconfirmed.1.The inspeprevent fa 2.When the and the p of all rele 3.Before m4.Contact S to be used1.Conditiodirect sun 2.Installatio vehicles,beverage other app 3.An applic e in an mechanicafety instruction nstructions indic e all important n *1) , and other414: Pneumatic fluid13: Hydraulic fluid 204-1: Safety of m 18: Manipulating Cautioning indicates a hadeath or seriou indicates a hazor serious injurwith a medium leve th a high level of rk which, if not avo ch, if not avoidedould sultThe product The prod If consid specifica If anything Limited w The productRequirement Read and ac Limited wa 1.The warra delivered Also, the Pleasecon 2.For any responsib This limite incurred d 3.Prior to disclaimer ∗2) Vacuu A vac Also,pad o warra Complianc 1.The use mass de 2.The expo the relev to the sh that expo SMC produc Measuremen tests relevan Therefore, S (measuremen oduct is provide e product herein onsidering using cifications or a c thing is unclear,ted warranty oduct used is su ments”.nd accept them b ed warranty a warranty period ered,whichever the product m econsult your n any failure or onsibility,a repla imited warranty red due to the f r to using SM aimers noted in Vacuum pads ar A vacuum pad is Also, even within ad or failure du warranty.pliance Requi use of SMC pr ss destruction(W exports of SMC relevant securi he shipment of export are kno oducts are not ement instrumen evant to the met re, SMC produc rement) laws of e Impa Safe ovided for use i erein described i using the prod or a contract if ne clear, contact you rranty and D subject th hem before using anty and Disc eriod of the pr hever is first .uct may have your nearest sal re or damage replacement pr ranty applies o the failure of th g SMC produc ed in the specif ds are excluded pad is a consum within the warra re due to the de Requirements MC products wi ion(WMD) or an f SMC products ecurity laws and nt of a SMC pro e known and f e not intended f uments that SM e metrology (mea roducts cannot ws of each countr Impact bl Safety In use in manufac bed is basically product in othe ct if necessary.ct your nearest s nd Disclaim to the following using the produ Disclaimer he product is 1∗2) ave specified st sales branch ge reported ent product or n ies only to our p of the product roducts, please pecified catalog luded from this nsumable part,warranty period he deterioration mentsts with produc or any other we ducts or techno s and regulatio C product to an nd f ollowed.ded for use as i t SMC manufac y (measurement)nnot be used fo country.act blow g ty Instruc Caution nufacturing ind cally provided other industrie ary.rest sales branch claimer/Com owing “Limited product.mert is 1 year in s fied durability,anch.rted within the t or necessary p our product ind duct.lease read an atalog for the pa m this 1 year wa part, so it is wa eriod, the wear ration of rubber oduction equip er weapon is st echnology from ulation of the co to another cou Cautione as instrument nufactures or se ment) laws of ea ed for businesslow gun struction tion g industries. ed for peaceful u ustries, consult branch./Compliance mited warranty a r in service or ility, running d n the warranty sary parts will b ct independent d and underst he particular pr ar warranty.is warranted for wear of a produ ubber material a quipment for t is strictly proh from one coun he countries in r country, assur ution ments for legal or sells have no of each country.iness or certific gun ctionss.ceful use in manu nsult SMC befor iance Requi nty and Disclaim e or 1.5 years ing distance o ranty period w will be provided ndently, and not derstand the lar products.ed for a year aft roduct due to th rial are not cov for the manufa prohibited.country to anot es involved in t assure that all l egal metrology ve not been qua untry. ertification ordai manufacturing in beforehand and Requirement sclaimer” “C ears after the ce or replacem od which c vided. d not to any oth the warranty ar after it is deli e to the use of th t covered by th anufacture of w another are d in the transac t all local rules ology. n qualified by typ ordained by the ring industries.d and exchange mentsand “Compliance the product acement parts is clearly our y other damage nty terms and s delivered.e of the vacuum by the limited of weapons of re governed ansaction. Prior ules governing by type approva y the metrology ies. hange iance uct is parts. y our mage cuum ted ns of ed by Prior rning proval ologyMountingWarning3. S crew-in the nozzle to the torque below by holding the flat faces on the discharge side or metal holder. As a guideline, it is equivalent to 2 to 3 additional Insufficient tightening may cause loosening of the nozzle.PipingCaution1.Check the model, type, and size before installation.Also, confirm that there are no scratches, gouges, or cracks on the product.2.Preparation before pipingBefore piping is connected, it should be thoroughly blown out with air (flushing)or washed to remove chips, cutting oil, and other debris from inside the pipe.3.Winding of sealant tapeWhen connecting pipes, fittings, etc., be sure that chips from the pipe threads and sealing material do not enter the blow gun. Furthermore,when sealant tape is used, leave 1.5 to 2 thread ridges exposed at the end of the threads.E x p os e a p p r o x 4. W hen tightening the threads, tighten with torque specified in the table below. As a guideline, it is equivalent to 2 to 3additional turns with a tool after hand-tightening.Be careful that tightening with torque beyond the range in the 5. A llow extra length when connecting a tube to accom-modate changes in tube length due to pressure.6. C onfirm that no twisting, turning, or tensile force or moment load is applied to the port or tube. This may cause fittings to fracture or tubes to be crushed,burst, or come loose.7. D o not abrade, entangle, or scratch the tube. This may cause the tube to be crushed, burst, or come loose.Prior to Use WarningAs the pressure of the air blow is quite powerful, do not aim the product at another person during operation. It may cause danger to personnel.Additionally, the following precautions should be taken before use.1. B efore use, make sure that the blow pressure, or blow, will not cause surrounding objects to scatter and injure others or damage workpieces, equip-ment, etc., in the vicinity.2. W ear protective eyewear when operating the product to protect your eyes from scattering debris.3.T his product is not a toy. Do not play with the product or use it as an air gun for fun.4.A ir pressure may cause the nozzle to fly off during operation if it is not properly tightened. To prevent this, be sure to check the nozzle for loosening by pulling on it with your hands before use.5. T he grip may become hot due to repeated operation;however, this is not abnormal.SelectionWarning1.Confirm the specifications.Products represented in this catalog are designed only for use in compressed air systems. Do not operate at pressures,temperatures, etc., beyond the range of specifications, as this can cause damage or malfunction.Caution1. D o not apply the blow gun to flammable, explosive,or toxic substances such as gas, fuel gas, or refrigerant. Such substances may exude from inside the blow gun.MountingWarning1. I nstall a stop valve on the supply pressure side of the blow gun.It will be emergency shut off in case of unexpected leakage or damage.2. W hen installing a nozzle on the blow gun, wind sealant tape around the threads of the nozzle.Be sure to read this before handling the products. Refer to the back cover for safety instructions. For other precautions, refer to the “Handling Precautions for SMCProducts” and the “Operation Manual” on the SMC website: https://IBG SeriesSpecific Product PrecautionsMaintenanceCaution1.In periodical inspections, check the following items and replace the parts if necessary.a)Scratches, gouges, abrasion, corrosion b)Air leakagec)Twisting, crushing, and turning of connected tubesd)Hardening, deterioration, and softening of connected tubes e)Loosening of nozzles2. W hen removing the product, first stop the pressure supply, exhaust compressed air in the piping, and check the condition of atmospheric release.3. Do not disassemble or remodel the body of the product.HandlingWarning1. A ir pressure may cause the nozzle to fly off during operation if it is not properly tightened. To prevent this, be sure to check the nozzle for loosening by pulling on it with your hands before use.2. B e sure to wear protective eyewear when operating the product to protect your eyes from scattering debris.3. D o not direct the tip of the nozzle at the face or other parts of a human body. It may cause danger to personnel.4. D o not use the product to clean or remove toxic substances or chemicals.5. D o not drop, step on, or hit the product. It may cause damage to the product.6. D o not use the product to disturb public order or public hygiene.7.This product is not a toy.8.After blowing, make sure to hang the product on a hook, etc.If leaving the product in a dusty place, particles will enter the product and may result in a malfunction.9. W hen the blow gun is used or stored, confirm that no twisting, turning, or tensile force or moment load is applied to the port or tube. This may cause fittings to fracture or tubes to be crushed, burst, or come loose.Caution1. P ressurizing the air blow discharge port may result in the breakage of the product.2. T he blow adjusting range 4 provides the maximum blow. Rotating the adjuster more than 4 may result in the breakage of the product.Lubrication Warning1.Do not lubricate the product.It may contaminate or damage the target object.Air SupplyWarninge clean air.Do not use compressed air that contains chemicals, synthetic oils that include organic solvents, salt, corrosive gases, etc.,as it can cause damage or malfunction.Caution1.Install an air filter.Install an air filter upstream near the blow gun. Select an airfilter with a filtration size of 5 μm or smaller.2. T ake measures to ensure air quality, such as by installing an aftercooler, air dryer, or water separator.Compressed air that contains a large amount of drainage can cause the malfunction of the blow gun and contaminate or damage the target object. Therefore, take appropriate measures to ensure air quality, such as by providing an aftercooler, air dryer, or water separator.Operating EnvironmentWarning1. D o not use in an atmosphere where corrosive gases, chemicals, sea water, water, or water steam are present. Do not use in cases where there is direct contact with any of the above.2. D o not expose the product to direct sunlight for an extended period of time.3. D o not use in locations where radiated heat will be received from nearby heat sources.4.D o not use in an environment where static electricity is a problem. It may result in system failure or malfunction. Please contact SMC for use in such an environment.5. D o not use in an environment where spatters are generated. Spattering may result in a fire hazard.Please contact SMC for use in such an environment.6. D o not use in an environment where the product is exposed to cutting oil, lubricating oil, or coolant oil.Please contact SMC for use in such an environment.Be sure to read this before handling the products. Refer to the back cover for safety instructions. For other precautions, refer to the “Handling Precautions for SMCProducts” and the “Operation Manual” on the SMC website: https://IBG SeriesSpecific Product Precautions-10-Tel: + 81 3 5207 8249 Fax: +81 3 5298 5362URL https://Note: Specifications are subject to change without prior notice and any obligation on the part of the manufacturer. © 2020SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved。
肝素静脉控速输注联合依达拉奉治疗进展性脑梗死
【D()I】10.3870/sjsscj.2009.06.019・短篇论著・肝素静脉控速输注联合依达拉奉治疗进展性脑梗死吴非#,黎红华,武强广州军区武汉总医院神经内科,武汉430070【关键词】肝素;静脉控速;依达拉奉;进展性脑梗死;疗效【中图分类号】R741;R743.33【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1001一117x(2009)06一0451一01选择2007年~2009年我院神经内科收治的发病l~2d的进展性脑梗死患者134例,均符合中华医学会第四次全国脑血管病学术会议修订的诊断标准。
并经头颅cT或MRI证实。
男72例,女62例;年龄47~75岁,平均62.4岁;合并糖尿病且血糖值波动较大者18例,脑梗死急性期收缩压低于120mmHg者15例。
存在呼吸、泌尿系统等部位感染致发热者24例,颈部或颅内血管粥样硬化严重或存在多血管病变者48例,纤维蛋白原明屁升高者12例,其它原因造成梗死进展者17例。
排除近期有出血倾向或大手术病史者,有严重外伤、消化性溃疡及严重心肺疾患者,以及对肝素或依达拉奉过敏者。
134例患者随机分为对照组39例、依达拉奉组43例和联合组52例。
对照组给予抗血小板聚集、改善循环、营养神经及对症治疗。
依达拉奉组在对照组治疗基础上加用依达拉奉(必存.15mL.静脉滴注,每天2次)。
联合组在依达拉奉组治疗基础上加用静脉控速肝索抗凝治疗(普通肝素1.25万单位/天,静脉滴注维持7~10d)。
分别于治疗前及治疗后3、7、14d采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NlHSS)评定患者神经功能缺损程度,并监测凝血功能、肝肾功能等,记录治疗过程中的不良反应。
将治疗3d的功能评分与治疗前比较分析判断梗死进展是否终止。
减少91%~100%为基本治愈,减少46%~90%为显著进步,减少18%~45%为进步,减少17%左右为无变化。
减少<17%或增多为恶化[1]。
总有效率为痊愈、显著进步及进步三项之和。
应用SPSS10.O软件包进行统计学分析。
3200_Series_tds
Cardinal's 3200 series is a single component water reducible polyurethane modified acrylic coating. This product contains less than 1 pound, of VOC per gallon, and will satisfy the strict requirements of national and regional air quality regulations. The 3200 series is specifically designed for the electronic business machine and enclosure market. It can be applied as a low gloss smooth or textured finish on molded plastics, pretreated steel and aluminum substrates. The 3200 series provides a durable finish while minimizing health and safety risks commonly associated with two component solvent based polyurethane products. This coating is classified as ―exact match finish: industrial‖ by CARB (California Air resources Board) and meets current limits for this category as well as the final limits that took effect on Dec. 31, 1999.Typical Uses:Benefits: ∙ Plastic Components ∙ Electronic Components ∙ Consumer Electronics ∙ Business Machines ∙Touch up∙ Low VOC and HAPS free coating. ∙ Free of heavy metals. ∙ Gloss stability∙ Single component, no mixing. ∙RoHS / WEEE compliantCured Film Properties:Testing conducted on 3203-10 semi-gloss white at 1.5 mils DFT (Dry Film Thickness) over 20 gauge Bonderite 1000® test panel, force dried 30 min. at 180°F then air dried for 14 days.TEST METHOD PARAMETERS RESULTImpact: ASTM D2794 Direct Reverse 160 in. lbs. 160 in. lbs. Flexibility: ASTM D1737 1/8‖ mandrel No cracking Hardness: ASTM D3363 PencilF - HAbrasion: ASTM D4060 CS-17 wheels, 1kg, 1000 cyclesLess than 75 mg loss Salt Spray:ASTM B117100 hrs. 95° 5% salt solution No blistering; less than 1/8 inch creepage from scribeChemical & Stain Resistance: Air dried for 21 days before tests. ASTM D1308 30 min. spotA: No effect B: Slight dulling C: Moderate effect D: Severedeterioration A – 0.1N HCl, coffee, 30 wt. oil, Ivory® Liquid dish soap, tap water, gasoline, vegetable oil, Cascade®,WD-40®, ammonia, Liquid Paper®, Clorox®.B – 409 Cleaner®, MEK, Fantastic®, butyl cellosolve, lemon juice, isopropyl alcohol.C – Butyl carbitol.D – Mustard, 70% IPA, Anti-static cleaner.Surface Preparation and Priming : The most important steps in a successful coating process are cleaning, pretreatment and priming. The following is a brief outline ofsome basics for unpainted substrates. It is not intended to be all-inclusive. The proper preparation of various substrates will require specific attention.Cleaning the substrate: All surfaces to be coated must be free of dirt, grease, oil,oxidation, mill scale, and all other contaminants. The surface must be thoroughly dry before painting.3200 SERIESACRYLIC URETHANEAIR DRY ENAMELproduct information Type : Urethane Acrylic Polymer Components : OneColors : Full color range and metallics. Gloss : High, Semi and flatCoverage : At 1 mil DFT550 ft 2/gal at 100% transfer efficiency (TE) 355 ft 2/gal at 65% transfer efficiencyCalculation: 1604 ft 2/gal x % volume solids x TE ÷ DFT VOC : (as supplied)159 grams/liter (1.33 lbs/gal) less water. 62 grams/liter (0.51 lbs/gal) including water. Volume Solids : 35% - 37% Flash Point : >212° F TCCS HELF L IFE : 6 months from date of manufacture infactory sealed container.Application : See surface preparation and priming section. This material is designed for spray application. Brushing or rolling are not recommended.Texturing: Apply smooth base coat and air dry 10-15 min. Apply texture by lowering airpressure, to spatter paint on the base coat. The lower the air pressure, the larger the texture.Thinning : Ready for spray. Mix well. If thinning is necessary, use water, 1% - 5% by volume. Avoid over thinning.Viscosity : 50 - 60 seconds, #3 Zahn cup at 78° F.Recommended DFT: 1.0 – 2.0 milsCure: Air DryTack free 15 min.Dry to handle 2 hrs. Full cure 7 – 10 daysForce DryFlash off 10 – 15 min.Bake cycles:30 min. at 140°F20 min. at 160°F 10 min. at 180°FApplication Equipment : Electrostatic or high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray guns. CAUTION: Electrostatic equipment requires proper isolation for waterborne use.Fluid and air hoses should be a minimum of3/8‖ for fluid and 5/16‖ for air.E QUIPMENT C LEAN -UP : Warm water. Water should always be used for primary cleaning. If something stronger is needed exempt solvents can be used for secondary cleaning, air quality regulations, in your area may have limited the allowable emissions from cleaning operations.(Continued on page 2)(At 1.5 mils dry film thickness, 78° F, 50% RH)F O R I N D U S T R I A L U S E O N L Y N O T F O R R E S I D E N T I A L U S E3200 SeriesPage 2IMPORTANT: Warranty and Disclaimer — The performance characteristics of these products vary according to product application, operating conditions, materials applied to or with and use. Since these factorscan affect results, we strongly recommend that you make your own test to determine to your satisfaction whether the product is of acceptable quality, has not been affected by storage or transport and is suitable for your particular purpose under your own operation conditions prior to using any product in full scale production. Seller warrants the products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship. SUCH WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. No representative of ours has authority to waive or change this provision, which applies to all sales of these products.Primer Selection :Related Products :Product IdentificationColor numberProduct Limitations :∙ AVOID FREEZING — Product contains water. ∙ Optimum film properties depend on force cure. ∙ See Cure sectionSafety: Contains organic solvents. Use with adequate ventilation - do not breath vapors or spray mists. If component TLVs are exceeded, a NIOSH approved air supplied respirator is advised. See MSDS for TLV information. Keep from heat, sparks or open flame.Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling.First Aid:Eye contact , flush immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, seek medical attention.Skin contact , wash thoroughly with soap and water for 5 minutes.If swallowed , do not induce vomiting, seek medical attention immediately. Inhalation , remove to fresh air.G12TLSteel — A phosphate chemical conversion coating is highly recommended. When this is not possible, a vinyl acid wash pretreatment primer, Cardinal’s 4860 series is recommended.Aluminum — A chemical conversion coating is highly recommended. When this is not possible, Cardinal’s 4860 pretreatment primer is recommended.Plastic— All mold release agents should be completely removed. Cardinal’s 3600 series low cure enamel is compatible with a variety of plastics, however, since there are numerous formulations of plastic, a trial sample should be painted and tested prior to production.For more information on your application, contact Cardinal.。
The oxygen of the device and the method of control
专利名称:The oxygen of the device and the method ofcontrolling moisture deterioration and thedevice which is obtained发明人:エイトケン,ブルース ジー,ルイス,マーク エイ,クエサダ,マーク エイ申请号:JP2008526984申请日:20060809公开号:JP2009505371A公开日:20090205专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图:摘要: The oxygen of the device and the method of controlling moisture deterioration and the device which is obtained is stated in this bill. The oxygen and moisturedeterioration of the device are controlled, low liquidus temperature (or with execution form of specification low glass transition temperature) usually barrier layer is made to form on the device it possesses liquidus temperature (LLT) making use of the material low. As for the LLT material, for example, it is possible to be tinhuruorohuosuhuetogarasu, the chalcogenide glass, the Telecom light/write glass and the borate glass. As for the LLT material, for example, it is possible to make the device come in contact sputtering, evaporation and laser ablation, blowing, the pouring in, frit deposit,evaporation and dipping coating, application or roll coating, with spin coating or those optional combinations. Defect of the LLT material which happens with adhesion step removing solidification step (heat treatment) with, there is no hole and it is possible to make the protective coating form where it cannot permeate the vapor or the moisture on the device. Many adhesion methods the normal glass (namely, the glass where the melted temperature like borate, the silicate and the silica etc is high) are possible when is, but the fact that solidification step is really useful is, in order not to damage the inner layer inside the device, when it is the LLT material whose solidification temperature is sufficiently low only.申请人:コーニング インコーポレイテッド地址:アメリカ合衆国 ニューヨーク州 14831 コーニング リヴァーフロント プラザ 1国籍:US代理人:河野 香,樋口 洋,柳田 征史,佐久間 剛更多信息请下载全文后查看。
英文缩写sls土木专业术语
英文缩写sls土木专业术语【篇一:英文缩写sls土木专业术语】eng engineentd enteredenv envelopeeohp except otherwise herein providedeom end of montheohp except otherwise herein providede/or error and omissions exceptedeo survey engine room and zero surveyep estimated positionepc export price controlepi earned premium incomeept excess profits taxepu european payments unionequipmt, eqmt equipmentequiv equivalenter equipment receipte/r engine roomerv each round voyageesd echo sounding deviceest estimate, eastern standard timeesv each single voyageetaetb estimated time of berthingetcetcd estimated time of completion of dischargingetdetl estimated time of landingetsety emptyeur europeeuratom european atomic energy communityevap evaporateex exampleexcl, xcl excludingexd examined, exchanged, excluded, executedexec executiveex facie in accordance with the documentsex. div without dividendexhv exhaust valueexim, ei export importexim export importexmd examinedexp expenseexplos explosive estimated time of arrival estimated time of commencement estimated time of departure estimated time of sailingexpt, xprt exportex q ex quayexs expenses or excesses, ex shipexw【f】fa freight agent, free alongsidef/a forward/afterward ex worksf/a feeder additionalfaa free of all averagef ap fire and allied perilsfaa s/c free of all average but to pay salvage chargesfac facultative, facsimile, forwarding agents commissionf c full and complete(cargo)fac oblig a facultative obligatory coverf d freight and demurragefap first aid postfaq first average qualityfas free alongside ship. seller delivers goods to appropriate dock or terminal at port of embarkation and buyerfas first and secondfb freight billfbd freeboardfbs franco belgian servicefc freight rate conferencefcafcc first class chartererfch franchisefcii fellow of the chartered insurance institutef.chgs forwarding chargesf cle dk forecastle deckfcl full container loadsfc/s free of capture and seizurefcsad free of capture, seizure, arrest and detainmentfcsrcc free of capture, seizure, riots and civil commotions fcssrcc warranted free of capture, seizure etc, and of strike, riots and civil commotionsfcv full contact valuefd free dock, free delivery, free discharge covers costs and risks of loading. free to carrier. a modern equivalent of fas used in intermodal transport where goods are transferred at a nominated forwarder premises, depot or terminal but not actually put on board vessel.fdd freight demurrage deadfreightfdesp, f/dp free despatchfdf forced draft fanf/dp free despatchfdis free dischargefe far east, forward end, full/emptyfeb foreign exchange bank, februaryfec far east conferencefefc far eastern freight conferencefepem federation of european petroleum equipment manufactureferm fermentationfeuff,ffr french francffa free form average, free from alongside, free foreign agency ffcs fixed free contact systemffd free from damageffl fixed flashing lightffo fixed and floating objectsf.fw fresh water, forwardfga foreign general average, free of general averagefgan fertilizer grande ammonium nitratefh fore hatchf he friday holidays exceptedfhexfhincfi free in, for instancefia full interest admittedfias free in and stowedfiata international federation of forwarding agent associations fib free into bargefibt free in berth termsfics fellow of the institute of chartered shipbrokerfih free in harbourfilo free in/liner out. seafreight with which the shipper pays load costs and the carrier pays for discharge costs.fin finnishfio free in/out. freight booked fio includes the seafreight, but no loading / discharging costs, i.e. the chartererfiosfiosls free in/out stowed and lashed and securedfiost free in/out spout trimming.fiot free in/out and trimmed.fip fair in placefir for your reference standard 40_ container fridays/holidays excluded fridays/holidays included pays for cost ofloading/discharging cargo. free in/out stowed. as per fio, but includes stowage costs.fis freight insurance and shipping chargesfitfiwfixing free in trimmed, free of income tax free in wagons chartering a vesselflatpacking cargo to be presented stacked and secured as an integral unit.f/l freight listfle fire lightening and explosionflg flagfln following landing numbersflwg followingfm frequency modulation, fathomsfm, ex fromfmcfmsfmswr flexible mild steel wire ropefo (ifo)fob free on boardfobot free on board owners termsfoc flag of convenience, free of claims. free of chargefod free of damagefod abs free of damage absolutelyfoffer firm offerfogfom flag, ownership or managementfoqforfor cc free on riots and civil commotionsforce majeur clause limiting responsibilities of the charterers, shippers and receivers of cargo.fort free out rye termsfos free on steamerfotfow1fow2fp free port, floating policy, fore part, flash portfpa free of particular averagefpa abs free of particular averagefpa absolutely free from particular average absolutrly but including running down including rdc clausefpa ucb free from particular average unless caused byfpa unless etc rdc free from particular average unless caused by sinking stranding, fire or collision, with running down clausefpil full premium if lostfpil ip fpil from an insured peril federal maritime commission fathoms fuel oil/intermediate fo for our guidance free on quay free on rail free on truck, fuel on treatment, fuel oil tank first open water free on wharffpil pia fpil from a peril insured againstfpt forepeak tankfr frame, freight releasefrate freight ratefrc free of reported casualtyfrcc free of riots and civil commotionfree despatch if loading/discharging achieved sooner than agreed, there will be no freight money returned.free out free of discharge costs to owners. includes seafreight only. freq frequentfr no frame nofrnt frontfro fire risk onlyfrof fire risk on freightfrt freightfs factors of safety, forged steelfsf fellow of institute of shipping and forwarding agentsfsl full signed linefst floating storage tankfsw flexible steel wirefswr flexible steel wire ropeft free trimming, freight ton, foot/feetftd fittedfth fathomftr footerftw free trade wharffv fishing vesselfw fresh waterfwadfwad fresh water atlantic draftfwd freshwater damage, forward, fresh water draftfwddfwe finish with enginefwl full written linefwt fresh water tankfwt gd fair wear tear and gradual deteriorationfxle forecastlefy fiscal yearfygfyifyr for your referencefresh water arrival draft fresh water departure draft for your guidance for your information包含各类专业文献、外语学习资料、高等教育、生活休闲娱乐、应用写作文书、文学作品欣赏、中学教育、各类资格考试、32租船用语缩写集合等内容。
HAZOP引导词
Inlet flow stops
流入停止
Drain valve left open排水阀打开
Outflow greater than inflow流出大于流入
Gas in liquid lines
气体进入液体管线
Control valve malfunction控制阀故障
Faulty level measurement
流体组分
Stream contaminants
流体污染
Inadequate quality control
质量控制不充分
Process control upset reaction intermediatesByproducts
工艺波动的反应中间体/
副产品
Improper mixing
不适当的混合
Ingress of air, water, or rust
check valves are not usually
bubble tight or positive shutoff
devices)止回阀故障或未安装(注意止回阀一般不是气密或正压截断装置)
Siphoneffect
虹吸效应
Incorrect differential pressure
不正确的压差
Phase inversion
相变
Sphere rollover
Tower tray damage
Burn protection燃烧保护措施
Low
Temperature
低温
Cold weather operations天冷时操作
Ambient conditions
环境条件
7.1.5.2测量溯源-IATF16949条款解读
7.1.5.2测量溯源-IATF16949条款解读7 支持7.1资源7.1.5 监视和测量资源7.1.5.2测量溯源(ISO 9001:2015质量管理体系的要求)当要求测量溯源时,或组织认为测量溯源是信任测量结果有效的基础时,测量设备应:a)对照能溯源到国际或国家标准的测量标准,按照规定的时间间隔或在使用前进行校准和(或)检定(验证),当不存在上述标准时,应保留作为校准或检定(验证)依据的成文信息;b)予以标识,以确定其状态;c)予以保护,防止由于调整、损坏或衰减所导致的校准状态和随后的测量结果的失效。
当发现测量设备不符合预期用途时,组织应确定以往测量结果的有效性是否受到不利影响,必要时应采取适当的措施。
注:一个可追溯到装置校准记录的编号或其他标识符,满足ISO 9001:2015要求的意图。
7 Support7.1 Resources7.1.5 Monitoring and measuring resources7.1.5.2 Measurement traceability(ISO 9001:2015requirements)When measurement traceability is a requirement, or isconsidered by the organization to be an essential part ofproviding confidence in the validity of measurementresults, measuring equipment shall be:a)calibrated or verified, or both, at specified intervals,or prior to use, against measurement standardstraceable to international or national measurementstandards; when no such standards exist, the basisused for calibration or verification shall be retained asdocumented information;b)identified in order to determine their status;c)safeguarded from adjustments, damage ordeterioration that would invalidate the calibrationstatus and subsequent measurement resultsThe organization shall determine if the validity of previous measurement results has been adversely affected when measuring equipment is found to be unfit for its intended purpose, and shall take appropriate action as necessary. Note: A number or another identifier traceable to the device calibration record meets the intent of the requirements in ISO 9001:2015.仪器校准包括外校和内校,标准件一般是外校,根据国家法律法规要求一年或两年外校一次。
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Effects of deterioration equipment reliability in a gas turbine cogeneration power plantAneta Hazi, Gheorghe Hazi, Roxana Grigore, Sorin-Gabriel VernicaDepartment of Power Engineering”Vasile Alecsandri” University of BacauBacau, Romaniaahazi58@Abstract—In this paper we analyzed the effects of deterioration equipment reliability both on some key reliability indicators of the power plant and on fuel consumption and on CO2 emissions. We also evaluated the economic losses determined by deterioration of equipment reliability. As an example, the paper presents a case study.Keywords-reliability indicator, gas turbine cogeneration power plantI.I NTRODUCTIONThe gas turbine installation is one of the most efficient installations for the conversion of gas fuels to mechanical power. If this installation is coupled with a waste heat recovery boiler in a combined cycle, then efficiency increases significantly. The environmental impact of the gas turbine installation is lower than that of another conversion installation.Power plants of this type have been installed in increasing numbers around the world and have an increasingly wider adoption for base load power generation.Power plant reliability and availability is extremely important due to a competitive environment and to the overall operating and production costs. The reliability and availability of the power plant can be increased by reducing the failure rate for each component, [4],[5].This paper examines how a reliability decrease due to the main equipments deterioration influences the global reliability indicators of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant and also the fuel consumption and emissions.The economic impact of the reliability decrease is also examined.This analysis has helped to identify the critical and sensitive components of the power plant that need improvement.II.E VALUATION OF THE OVERALL INDICATORS OF THEPOWER PLANTReliability is an important characteristic of a repairable system, [2]. For a power plant, the relevant reliability indicators can be expressed in terms of yearly mean failure duration and yearly mean number of failures.The yearly mean number to failure is expressed as:mrtNNN+=[inter/year] (1) where: N r - yearly mean number to failure eliminated through repairs,[3], [7]:(2)λe – failure rate; μe – repair rate, λme– failure rate during manoeuvres, T = 8760 h - reference time interval.N m - yearly mean number to failure eliminated through manoeuvres:The yearly mean time to failure can be determined by:mmrranTNTNT+=[h/year] (4) where: T r - mean time to failure removed through repairs; T m – manoeuvre duration.Success probability is:Time availability:where T f – operation time:anpmfTTTT−−=[h/year] (7) T pm – preventive maintenance duration.Fuel losses due to revenue can be estimated as, [1]:tpgpgNTBB=Δ[Nmc/year] (8)978-1-4244-8782-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEET p - startup time; B gp – fuel consumption during startup, [Nmc/h].Increase of CO 2 emission due to fuel losses is:i g CO H B f CO Δ=Δ22 [kg/year] (9) f CO2 – CO 2 emissions factor for methane gas, [8]; H i – the inferior calorific value of the fuel, [GJ/Nmc]. The economical losses due to failure are: p r en E E E Ec Δ+Δ+Δ=Δ [$/year](10)ΔE en – economical losses due to corrective maintenance and to energy loss of revenue, [2]; ΔE en – economical losses due to employee remuneration during the yearly mean failure time; ΔE en – economical losses due to profit loss during the yearly mean failure time.The relative variation of the indicator is:(11)V i – the initial value of the indicator corresponding to the initial failure rate of the element, λi ; V – the value of the indicator corresponding to the increased failure rate of the element, λ:()λλλΔ+=1i (12) where Δλ is the relative variation of the failure rate.III. C ASE S TUDYFor a numerical perspective, we present a case study for a gas turbine power plant with a cogeneration cycle. The plant is divided into four subsystems: the gas compression system, the gas turbine installation, the exhaust system heat, the exhaust system of electricity. Reliability analysis has been done for each subsystem and for the overall plant in [6].The sensitivity of the yearly mean time to failure to the failure rates was calculated and shows that it is significantly higher for thermo-mechanical equipments. Therefore, in this paper we estimated the relative variation of the overall indicators of the plant for the case of 4 relative variations of the failure rate of the following equipment: combustion chamber (CA), gas turbine (TG), air compressor (KA), generator (G) and waste heat recovery boiler (CR). The results are shown in the tables 1 through 5 and in the figures 1 through 7.Initial values of indicators and the corresponding initial failure rates of equipment are shown in table 1.The relative variations of the overall indicator of the plant are very small. Therefore, the values are shown in the table multiplied by 103.However, the data and the graphs show how a reliability decrease due to main equipments deterioration influences the global reliability indicators of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant, fuel consumption and emissions.Note, all indicators deteriorate with the increase of the failure rate of the equipments but sensitivity (the gradient of the deterioration) is different.TABLE 1.THE EFFECT OF DETERIORATION OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER FAILURE RATE ON THE INDICATORSNo Indicator Notation UnitInitialvalue Relative variation, ΔV x 103for Δλ=0,05for Δλ =0,1for Δλ =0,15for Δλ =0,21 Yearly mean time to failure T anh/year 1685 0.125 0.553 1.002 1.4732 Yearly mean number to failure N tinter/year 23.95 0.787 1.616 2.487 3.401 3 Success probability P % 80.863 0.098 0.2 0.306 0.419 4 Time availability UT0.6935 0.112 0.231 0.355 0.486 5 Fuel losses ΔBg Nmc/year 1050 0.593 1.422 2.293 3.2076Increase of CO 2 emissionsΔCO 2Kg/year2211 0.86 1.689 2.56 3.475 7 Economic lossΔEc $/year 141323 0.408 0.836 1.286 1.759TABLE 2. THE EFFECT OF DETERIORATION OF GAS TURBINE FAILURE RATE ON THE INDICATORSNo. Indicator Notation Relative variation, ΔV x 103forΔλ=0,05forΔλ =0,1for Δλ =0,15for Δλ =0,21 Yearly mean time to failure T an 0.1 0.292 0.6 0.925 2 Yearly mean number to failure N t 0.662 1.36 2.093 2.863 3 Success probability P 0.067 0.137 0.211 0.2884 Time availability UT 0.077 0.158 0.244 0.3345 Fuel losses ΔBg 0.468 1.166 1.9 2.669 6 Increase of CO 2 emissions ΔCO 20.735 1.433 2.167 2.937 7 Economic lossΔEc 0.281 0.575 0.885 1.21TABLE 3. THE EFFECT OF DETERIORATION OF AIR COMPRESSOR FAILURE RATE ON THE INDICATORSNo. Indicator NotationRelative variation, ΔV x 103 forΔλ=0,05forΔλ =0,1forΔλ =0,15forΔλ =0,21 Yearly mean time to failure T an0.035 0.119 0.207 0.32 Yearly mean number to failure N t0.221 0.457 0.706 0.9663 Successprobability P 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.0834 Timeavailability UT 0.021 0.044 0.069 0.0955 Fuellosses ΔBg 0.0280.2640.5120.7726 Increase of CO2 emissions ΔCO20.295 0.531 0.779 1.0397 Economicloss ΔEc 0.080.1640.2530.346TABLE 4. THE EFFECT OF DETERIORATION OF GENERATOR FAILURE RATE ON THE INDICATORSNo. Indicator NotationRelative variation, ΔV x 103 forΔλ=0,05forΔλ =0,1forΔλ =0,15forΔλ =0,21 Yearly mean time to failure T an 2.698 5.823 9.099 12.5342 Yearly mean number to failure N t 1.208 2.478 3.809 5.2053 Successprobability P 0.71 1.455 2.235 3.0534 Timeavailability UT 0.825 1.693 2.601 3.5545 Fuellosses ΔBg 1.0142.2843.6155.0116 Increase of CO2 emissions ΔCO2 1.281 2.551 3.883 5.2797 Economicloss ΔEc 2.9766.0979.3712.8TABLE 5. THE EFFECT OF DETERIORATION OF WASTE HEAT BOILER FAILURE RATE ON THE INDICATORSNo. Indicator NotationRelative variation, ΔV x 103 forΔλ=0,05forΔλ =0,1forΔλ =0,15forΔλ =0,21 Yearly mean time to failure T an0.035 0.057 0.081 0.1052 Yearly mean number to failure N t 2.954 6.06 9.321 12.7453 Successprobability P 0 0 0 04 Timeavailability UT 0.005 0.011 0.017 0.0245 Fuellosses ΔBg 2.765.8659.12612.5496 Increase of CO2 emissions ΔCO2 3.028 6.133 9.395 12.8197 Economicloss ΔEc 0.0270.0560.0870.12Thus, this sensitivity is greater in the case of CO2 emissions, of yearly mean number to failure and of fuel losses due to the increased failure rate of the combustion chamber, of the gas turbine and of the air compressor. The highest sensitivity to economic loss and to the yearly mean time to failure can be noticed for the increase of the failure rate of the generator.But then, the yearly mean number to failure, the fuel losses and the CO2 emissions are most sensitive to the increased failure rate of the waste heat boiler.Figures 6 and 7 show that the yearly mean time to failure is most influenced by the generator and the yearly mean number to failure is most influenced by the combustion chamber.IV. C ONCLUSIONFrom the data presented in tables 1÷5 and figures 1÷6 we conclude the following: • The overall reliability indicators decrease with the component equipment reliability decrease• The overall indicators sensitivity to the failure rates of the component equipments is different•Yearly mean time to failure is most influenced by the generator reliability. This is justified by the series placement of the generator and by its reliability parameters•The yearly mean number to failure is most influenced by the waste heat recovery boiler reliability1÷7 is very useful in the design and operation of gas turbine installations. These graphs help us to determine which equipments significantly influence the reliability of the gas turbine installation. This, in turn, helps determine the actions required increasing the reliability of the acquired installations and helps prioritize the preventive maintenance activitiesR EFERENCES[1] Bendea G., Reliability of electrical systems in power plants, EdituraMatrix Rom, Bucharest, 2002.[2] Yongjun Zhao, An integrated framework for gas turbine based powerplant operational modeling and optimization, Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.[3] Jesus, F. & Carazas, G. & Francisco, G. & Moraes, M., AvailabilityAnalysis of Gas Turbines Used in Power Plants , Int. J. of Thermodynamics, Vol. 12 (No. 1), pp. 28-37, March 2009.[4] Wang, W., Loman, J., Vassiliou, P., Reliability importance ofcomponents in a complex system , Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity, p. 6-11, 2004.[5] Javad Barabady, Uday Kumar, Availability allocation throughimportance measures , International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 24 Iss: 6, pp.643 – 657, 2007.[6] Hazi, A., Hazi, Gh., Grigore, R., Vernica, S.-G., Relliability analysis ingas turbine cogeneration power plant , 6-th International Conference on Electrical and Power Engineering EPE 2010, Iasi, October 2010.[7] *** NTE 005/06/00, Standard on methods and computing elements ofpower installations reliability, 2006.[8] *** Procedures for monitoring and reporting of greenhouse effect gasemissions , Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2006.Fig.5. Relative variation of indicators depending on relative variation ofwaste heat boiler failure rateΔVΔλ。