硕士综合英语教程2-unit 1
英语综合教程2 unit one
New wordshaze n. [C, U] 霾；烟雾marijuana n. [U] 大麻economy n. [C] 经济；（被视为某个经济实体的）国家a market / planned economycampus n. [C, U] （大学的）校园We have rooms for 5, 000 students on campus.demonstration n. [C] 示威（活动）There were a number of demonstrations against the new tax.radicalism n. [U] 激进主义governor n. [C] （美国）州长dissident a. 持不同政见者的n. [C] 持不同政见者1. a group of dissident writers2. The government has promised to release some dissidents.liberal n. [C] 主张变革的人clash n. [C] (~ between) 冲突；激烈争吵Yesterday violent clashes broke out between police and protesters. establishment n. 1. (the ~ )（国家的）统治集团，当权派2. [U] 建立；确立1. It's no good fighting the establishment.2. Since the establishment of the club two years ago, membership has doubled. passion n. [C, U] （爱情、愤怒等）强烈的情感She spoke with strong passion and moved everyone present.passionate a. 感情强烈的；激昂的He has a passionate interest in music.protest n. [C, U] (~ at / against)（强烈的）抗议；异议；抗议集会精选文库Students will hold a protest this weekend at the federal building.alliance n. [C, U] (~ between / with) 结盟；联盟Successive French governments maintained the alliance with Russia.launch vt. 发动；发起（军事袭击，公众调查等）They will launch a new weather satellite next month.ultimately ad. 最终；终于Technological advances could ultimately lead to even more job losses. resignation n. [C, U] 辞职The scandal led to the minister's resignation.activism n. [U] （主张为政治、社会目的而采取包括暴力等各种手段的）激进主义，行动主义characterize vt. 成为……的特征The military is usually characterized as being very conservative.dorm n. [C] (infml)（学校、军营等的）寝室，宿舍indie a. （电影和音乐）独立公司制作的liberating a. 令人觉得自由的It's liberating to be able to play soccor again after so many years' hard working. awakening n. [C] 觉醒；认识；意识Anyone who believes in lasting peace will be in for a rude awakening.prime a. ( only before noun ) 首要的；最重要的Our prime concern was the safty of our customers.cynic n. [C] 愤世嫉俗者；认为人皆自私者apathetic a. 毫无兴趣的；漠然的Most of the passers-by are apathetic to beggars on the street.heady a. 使人忘乎所以的；令人陶醉的He missed the heady freedom of the late 1960s.descending a. 下降的；递降的Arrange the numbers in desending order.employability n. [U] 可雇佣；达到雇佣条件employment n. [U] 职业；工作After graduation, she found employment with a local finance company.prospect n. 1. (~s) 胜算；（尤指工作和事业方面）成功的可能性2. [C, U] （尤指好事发生的）可能性1. The prospects for employment in the technology sector are especially good right now.2. Spending a week at his cousin's ranch was an exciting prospect.affordability n. [U] 平价；支付得起issue n. [C] (~ about / around)（值得关注的）问题；议题There were issues about the way the department was organized.accessibility n. [U] 可获得性opportunity n. [C, U] (~ to do sth) 机会The programme gives students the opportunity to learn more about global warming. umbilically ad. 关系极为密切地She is umbilically attached to her extended family.obscure a. 1. 晦涩的；费解的2. 不知晓的；无名的；默默无闻的1. The rules for the competition are somewhat obscure.2. The report had been published in an obscure German journal.bliss n. [U] 无上幸福；至福Phrases and expressionsbring sb to one's knees 迫使某人屈服The marathon brought quite a few runners to their knees.give rise to sth 引起；导致；为……的原因Pollution has given rise to great concern about the environment in the areas.form an alliance with 与……结盟Independent companies are encouraged to form strategic alliances with each other.bring about 使发生；导致Computers have brought about many changes in workplace.in spite of 不顾；不管The house will certainly sell, in spite of the fact that it's overpriced.keep off （使）不靠近；（使）不碰Keep the flies off the food.drop out 退出活动；退学She was injured in the first round and had to drop out.in descending order 递降的You should arrange the seats in desending order.in / of itself 本质上；就其本身而言Using someone else's name is not of itself a crime, unless there is an intention to commit a fraud. rely on （为生活、运作等）依靠，依赖At least we can rely on him.set up 开办；建立The group plans to set up an independent state within the country.New wordssophomore n. [C] (AmE)（美国大学或高中的）二年级学生Lit n. (abbr Literature or Literary) 文学课程ironic a. 反语的；讽刺的It's ironic that a government so concerned about law and order is disregarding an interna gender n. [C, U] (fml) 性别colonialism n. [U] 殖民主义post-colonialism n. [U] 后殖民主义modernism n. [U] （艺术、文学等方面的）现代主义postmodernism n. [U] 后现代主义definition n. [C] 词义；定义；释义Match the words with their definitions.industrial a. 工业的；产业的America's industrial production fell for the fourth sucessive month.post-industrial a. （经济基础已由重工业转为服务业、高技术等的)后工业化的；工业化后的baby boom n. [C] (infml)（尤指第二次世界大战后1947—1961年间美国的）生育高峰overthrow vt. 颠覆；使下台The new government was overthrown in a military coup.repressive a. （统治或法律）残酷的，严苛的The repressive regime put thousands of protesters to prison.rebel vi. (~ against) 造反；反抗There were minor groups who rebelled against the government.chant v. 反复地喊；反复地唱The audience were chanting his name.destruction n. [U] 毁灭；摧毁The building must be saved from destruction.petition n. [C] 请愿书bracelet n. [C] 手镯；臂镯inspirational a. 鼓舞人心的，有鼓舞力量的Brown's last minute goal for the Red Wings was truly inspirational. philosophy n. 1. [C] （影响某人决断及处事的）思想体系；宗旨2. [U] 哲学assert vt. 断言；宣称The government asserted that no more money would be available.collectively ad. 共同地；集体地People refer to these different medical conditions collectively as heart disease. ostalgic a. 怀旧的；恋旧的A lot of adults feel nostalgic about their childhood.frustration n. [C, U] 挫折；烦恼When he learned the result of the election, he left in frustration.chat room n. [C] （因特网上的）聊天室resonance n. [ C, U] （情感的）共鸣，反响era n. [C] 时代；纪元We are living in an era in which technology is developing rapidly.technological a. 技术的；工艺的This problem is brought by technological change.profound a. 根深蒂固的；深刻的This is a scientific discovery of profound significance.Phrases and expressionssit up 1. 警觉；诧异；关注2.（使）坐起来；熬夜1. The performance made all the critics sit up and take notice.2. Would you like sit up and read for a while?by definition 就本质而言；从定义上来说A dictatorship means, by definition, one center of power.take to 去，往；走上The workers took to the streets to protest against cutting pay.stand for 主张；支持I want to know what she stands for before I'll vote for her.assert oneself 坚持自己的主张Don't give up — you need to learn to assert yourself. be associated with 与……相关联His social problems were associated with drinking. make sense 讲得通；有意义It made good sense to continue with the reforms.New wordsgrip n. [sing] 1. 权力；控制；支配2. 抓牢；紧握banker n. [C] 银行家statute n. [C, U] 法令；法规authorize vt. 授权；许可deduction n. [U] 扣除source n. [C] 来源；出处punctually n. [U] 按时；准时oblige vt. (fml) (usu passive)（以法律、规定或责任）迫使syllabus n. [C] （某学科的）教学大纲emphasize vt. 强调；重视penalize vt. 1. 处罚；惩罚2. 不公平对待（某人）prior a. (fml) 先前的；之前的；事先的denounce vt. 1. 告发；控告2. 谴责；痛斥denunciation n. 1. 告发；控告精选文库2. 谴责；痛斥contravene vt. (fml) 与……相抵触；违反（规章、法律或协议）irregularity n. [C] (usu pl) 违规demise n. [sing] (fml) 消亡；不复存在。
硕士英语综合教程1_课后答案分析解析
硕士英语综合教程 1 （课后答案）目录Unit 1 Low Carbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon Economy→III. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in th e blanks with the information you?ve learned in the text.(1) the result of the rapid build up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a low carbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and large scale climate change(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and state ofthe art computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃to 2.4℃2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country?s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That?s because thousands of Christmas tra velers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
(word完整版)综合教程 第二册 Unit1
2.Some sentencestructuresto understand
3.Writing techniques
.Teaching Methodsand Means
municative Approach
Learner-centered Teaching
(attacBiblioteka A to B; B be attached to A)
E.g. A price tag was attached to each article in the supermarket.
E.g.Do youattach much importance to(十分重视) what he says?
2. Appreciate the diffierent ways to compare and contrast;
3. Master the key language points and learn how to use them in context;
4. Understand the cultural background related to the content;
assist (Para.4)
v. (formal) help, support
(n. assistance, assistant)
Pattern: assist sb to do sth;
assist sb with sth;
assist sb in (doing) sth.
E.g. assist sb to fill in the forms
1 Group presentation (Group 1) (5 minutes)
全新版大学英语综合教程2UNIT1答案
BOOK 2 - Unit 1 - Comprehension - Content Questions One of you asks the first six questions and the other answers. Starting from Question 7, change roles. When you have finished, the teacher may want to put some of the questions to you to check your progress.
4. Why did the author decide to work the key-slot anecdote into his discussions with Chinese educators?
BOOK 2 - Unit 1 - Comprehension - Content Questions {[Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.}]
BOOK 2 - Unit 1 - Comprehension - Content Questions {[The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.}]
unit1_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译
Unit 11 Intel does it. So does Microsoft, Motorola, W. L. Gore & Associates, Southwest Airlines, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Hewlett-Packard, Lincoln Electric, and Starbucks. What is it? These companies pursue “people-first” strategies.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
(Para. 2a) There is an increasing amount of evidence that successful organizations put people first. Why? Astute managers have come to learn that their organization’s employees are its only true competit ive advantage. Competitors can match most organizations’ products, processes, locations, distribution channels, and the like.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，(Para. 2b)But what’s far more difficu lt to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people. The characteristic that differentiates successful companies from their less successful counterparts in almost every industry is the quality of the people they’re able to get and keep.但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
新标准大学英语综合教程二unit1课后习题答案
综合教程二unit1 课后习题答案Activer eading（1）3）．Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a subject that peopledi scuss or argue about (issue)2 a chanceto do somethi ng (opportu nity)3 the most importa nt and powerfu l peoplei n the country (establi shment)4 an area of land contain i ng all the main buildin gs of a universi ty (campus)5 somethi ng such as a meeting or publicstateme nt by people who strongl y disagre e with a policy, law etc (protest)6 to start a major activit y (launch)7 chances of success, especia l ly in a job or a career(prospect s)8 work that you are paid regularl y to do for a personor company(employm ent)4）. Complete the paragrap h with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.What are the most importa nt (1)issuesfor student s today? Is the universi ty (2)campusreallysuch a differe nt place compare d to what it was 40 years ago? Perhaps, as the passage suggest s, there are fewer (3) protest s by student s against the (4) establi s hment than there used to be. And of course, improvi ng your (5)prospect s of being competi tive in the (6) employm ent marketi s a major concern for student s everywh ere, since a good universi ty degreei s the means by which you can (7) launchyour career. But in spite of all this, the role of the universi ty is the same as it alwayshas been. It is the place where you have the (8) opportu ni ty to learn to think for yoursel f.5）.Replace the underli ned words with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. Y ou may need to make other changes.1 There were fightsbetween policeand protest ors outside the US Embassy. (clashes)2 The two parties formed a tempora ry political arrange ment to respond to the problem. (alliance)3 I’ve alwaysconside red myselfa s someone who is toleran t of other people’s idea. (liberal)4 The chief officia l of an America n state has a lot of power. (governo r)5 The financi al situati on of Western Europea n countri es rapidly improve d in the 1960s. (economy)6 The 1960s were associa ted with a new type of popular music. (characterized)The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music.7 Mark left college without finishi ng the courseand joined a rock band. (dropped out)8 For many people, listeni ng to their music was an experie n ce which made them feel free. (liberati ng)For many people, listeni ng to their music was a liberati ng experie n ce.9 For some people, an interest in politic s went hand in hand with a strongenthusi asm for music. (passion)6) . Answer the questio ns about the words.1 (b) not very clearly?2 (a) active?3 (b) who disagre es publicl y with the governm ent?4 (b) not interested in it?5 (b) excitin g?6 (a) get smaller?7 (a) often in touch with them?8 (b) great pleasure?Activer eading 23).Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.rebel2.era3.destruction4.gender5.assert6.philoso phy7.industrial4).Complet e the conversa tionw ith the correct form of the words in Activity 3.1.rebel2.assert3.era4.industrial5.philoso phy6.gender7.destruction5).Answer the questio ns about the words and express ions.1.a2.a3.a4.a5.b6.a7.b8.bLanguag e in useplet e the sentenc es with the words in bracket s and the suffix-ment or -ism.1. What is the going to do about this problem? (govern)Correct answer:governm ent2. refersto a contemp oraryway of thinkin g, and is not easy to define. (postmod ern)Correct answer: Postmod ernism3. Post-war economi c led to the creatio n of new univers itiesin the 1960s. (develop)Correct answer: develop ment4. We must combatmoney worship and extreme. (individ ual)Correct answer: individ ualism5. The two groupsdiscuss ed for a long time, but couldn't reach an . (agree)Correct answer: agreeme nt6. The best we can make for the futureis to provide opportu nities for the younger generat ion. (invest)Correct answer: investm ent7. is the beliefthat men and women shouldbe treated differe ntly. (sex)Correct answer: Sexism8. The of Wordswo rth is evident in his poem on the FrenchRevolut ion. (romanti c)Correct answer: romanti cism2.Rewrite the sentenc es using so / neither / nor + inversi on. Followthe example.1. The world has changed a lot since the 1960s. Univers itieshave changed a lot, too.Suggest ed answer:The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have univers ities.2. I reallyenjoyed my years at univers ity. Jackiealso enjoyed the time she spent at univers ity. Suggest ed answer:I reallyenjoyed my years at univers ity, and so did Jackie.3. Choosin g the right courseis alwaysa major problem for new student s. Another major problem is organiz ing one's time on campus.Suggest ed answer:Choosin g the right courseis alwaysa major problem for new student s, and so is organiz ing one's time on campus.4. I'm thinkin g of going to the lecture on post-colonia l literat ure. Li Ming is thinkin g of going, too. Suggest ed answer:I'm thinkin g of going to the lecture on post-colonia l literat ure, and so is Li Ming.5. I think the facilit ies in our college have improve d over the last few years. In my opinion the teachin g has also got better.Suggest ed answer:I think the facilit ies in our college have improve d over the last few years, and so has the teachin g.6. We can accessthe Interne t in our student hostel, and it's the same for everyon e else on campus. Suggest ed answer:We can accessthe Interne t in our student hostel, and so can everyon e else on campus.7. I'm not very interes ted in politic s. My friends aren't either.Suggest ed answer:I'm not very interes ted in politic s, nor are my friends.8. I won't be doing much tonight. My roommat e won't be doing much either.Suggest ed answer:I won't be doing much tonight, nor will my roommat e.3.Rewrite the sentenc es using mean. Followthe example.1. When you start out at college you meet lots of interes ting people.Suggest ed answer:Startin g out at college means meeting lots of interes ting people.2. If you go to bed too late you won't be able to concent rate the next day.Suggest ed answer:Going to bed too late means not being able to concent rate the next day.3. When you do a coursein Lit Theoryyou spend a lot of time on difficu lt subject s.Suggest ed answer:Doing a coursein Lit Theorymeans spendin g a lot of time on difficu lt subject s.4. To be interes ted in literat ure is to have an open mind about other ways of life.Suggest ed answer:Being interes ted in literat ure means havingan open mind about other ways of life.5. To protest against the Vietnam War in the 1960s you went out onto the streets.Suggest ed answer:Protest ing against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.6. When you go to college today you spend a lot of time thinkin g about what you will do afterwa rds.Suggest ed answer:Going to college today means spendin g a lot of time thinkin g about what you will do afterwa rds.4.Transla te the sentenc es into Chinese.1 On univers ity campuse s in Europe,mass sociali st or communi st movemen ts gave rise to increas inglyviolent clashes between the establi shment and the college student s, with their new and passion ate commitm ent to freedom and justice. (with their … and justice部分最好提前，即先说学生的状况，再说学生与当权者的冲突。
unit 1,硕士生英语综合教程2课本原文 电子版
Unit 11 Intel does it. So does Microsoft, Motorola, W. L. Gore & Associates, Southwest Airlines, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Hewlett-Packard, Lincoln Electric, and Starbucks. What is it? These companies pursue “people-first” strategies.(Para. 2a) There is an increasing amount of evidence that successful organizations put people first. Why? Astute managers have come to learn that their organization’s emp loyees are its only true competitive advantage. Competitors can match most organizations’ products, processes, locations, distribution channels, and the like.(Para. 2b) But what’s far more difficult to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people. The characteristic that differentiates successful companies from their less successful counterparts in almost every industry is the quality of the people they’re able to get and keep.(Para. 3a) What kind of practices differentiate people-first organizations? We can list at least four: (1) They value cultural diversity. They actively seek a diverse workforce based on age, gender, and race. (2) They are family friendly. They help employees balance work and personal responsibilities through programs such as flexible work schedules and on-site child care facilities. (Para. 3b) (3) They invest in employee training. These organizations spend heavily to make sure employee skill levels are kept current. This not only ensures that employees can handle the latest technologies and processes for the organization but that employees will be marketable to other employers. (4) People-first organizations empower their employees. They push authority and responsibility down to the lowest levels.(Para. 4) Organizations that put people first have a more dedicated and committed workforce. This, in turn, translates into higher employee productivity and satisfaction. These employees are willing to put forth the extra effort —to do whatever is necessary to see that their jobs are done properly and completely. Let’s take a look at one of those successful organizations that pursue “people-first” strategies: Starbucks. (Para. 5a) Wake up and smell the coffee —Starbucks is everywhere. The world’s number one specialty coffee retailer, Starbucks operates and licenses more than 8,000 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. The shops offer a variety of coffee drinks and food items as well as coffee and coffee accessories.(Para. 5b) Starbucks operates more than 4,700 of its shops in five countries, while licensees operate more than 2,800 units. In addition, Starbucks markets its coffee through grocery stores and licenses its brand for other food and beverage products.(Para. 6) From its modest beginnings in 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company’s reach today extends across the U.S. to Canada, Europe, Asia, and beyond, bringing the Starbucks coffee experience to the customer almost anywhere.(Para. 7a) Centra l to the company’s growth and success has been a constant dedication to offering Starbucks customers the highest quality products. While the company’s success was built upon the core product, coffee, Starbucks has become much more than coffee.(Para. 7b) It is a total coffee experience which encompasses everything from the decor of the retail locations and the music played within to the attitude of the Starbucks employees (known as “partners”), and even to the company’s desire to give back to the communities it serves.(Para. 8a) Since its inception, it has been the Starbucks employees who havehelped drive the success of the company.But it was probably Howard Schultz who started the ignition.(Para. 8b) Schultz joi ned the company in 1982, more than a decade after the company’s first retail bean store opened in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. As director of retail operations and marketing he was influential in the move to provide Starbucks coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars throughout Seattle.(Para. 9a) A year after he joined the company a visit to Milan, Italy inspired Schultz to bring the Italian coffee-bar concept back to Seattle and put it into action in a new Starbucks location. It was a new foray for the company which previously had only provided freshly roasted beans for sale.(Para. 9b) However, the overwhelming success of the espresso bar concept led Schultz to found Il Giornale, an espresso bar which offered brewed coffee and espresso beverages made using Starbucks coffee beans. A few months later, the continued success of the Il Giornale concept led to Il Giornale acquiring the assets of Starbucks in 1987 with the backing of local investors. The new company changed its name to Starbucks Corporation.(Para. 10) At that time, Starbucks operated 17 stores and had begun to expand beyond Seattle to cities such as Chicago and Vancouver. For the next decade and beyond, the company experienced tremendous growth bringing specialty coffee to the everyday consumer, and in the process helped create and define the specialty coffee industry.(Para. 11) While the success of the company often is attributed to the persistence and vision of the company’s current CEO, Howard Schultz, it is also the employees, from management down to store level, who are at the heart of the company’s success(Para. 12) At the store level, Starbucks has been successful in bucking the norm at most retail service environments where employee turnover is high andcompetence or enthusiasm is waning. “When we first started our business, our attitude from the beginning was that the employees on the front line really have the most to do with our success,” said John Richards, Starbucks president, retail North America. (Para. 13) The challenges of a retail and foodservice environment have been overcome through a strong employee base. “We’re fortunate that the turnover of managers and hourly employees is probably one of the best in the industry,” explained Richards.(Para. 14) Richards takes this employee loyalty as a compliment, but attributes it to the company’s dedication to each employee’s needs. Investment in “partners” has helped build their loyalty to the company, to coffee, to customer service, and to each other.(Para. 15) The heart of the Starbucks experience begins with employee training. For retail partners, the training program focuses on coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service, and interpersonal skills —all necessary to understand the product they provide to customers on a daily basis in order to create the Starbucks experience.(Para. 16) New store-level partners are welcomed into the Starbucks community with a week-long indoctrination into the cultural aspects of the company. The technical aspects of the job — those that relate to beverage preparation, for instance — are covered. From there, it is the manager’s responsibility to follow up with in-store modules for ongoing training in specific areas.(Para. 17a) All full-and part-time partners who work at least 20 hours a week are offered a full slate of generous benefits. Among the benefits are full health and dental coverage,vacation, and participation in the company-wide stock option plan called Bean Stock. (Para. 17b) Loyalty and a sense of belonging are further emphasized in open forums where employees, regardless of position, are encouraged to bring their suggestions or concerns to the attention of corporate management. Often it is the barista who is the impetus for a change simply because he or she is the one on the front line dealing with customers on a daily basis.(Para. 18a) Since most partners are also owners, they are very interested in getting access to company information. To accommodate this desire, senior management conducts quarterly open forums in the company’s different sales regions. Partners are encouraged to share their ideas and suggestions with senior management at these forums.(Para. 18b) Starbucks also distributes annual Bean Stock reports to all partners and the company publishes Pinnacle, a newsletter that spotlights company performance as well as the activities of individual partners company wide. Starbucks is also taking advantage of videos and teleconferencing to reach out to its partners.(Para. 19a) Being on the front line requires communication, be it communication in training employees to perform their job properly, or communication with customers.“Starbucks partners are alwayson the go. Customer flow is quite steady, and they have to perform tasks requiring a bit of knowledge,” Richards explained(Para. 19b) “Because of the way the service line is set up, partners mustinteract with each other to complete a task, creating a sense of teamwork. Customers shift from station to station,coming into contact with several employees during one transaction. Therefore, communication is an essential part of our success.(Para. 19c) The positive customer experience is based on the communication between partners and their customers.” Human interaction is essential and constant in the Starbucks environment and Richards believes that this constant interaction is the reason employees don’t get bored with their job. “They’re always challenged,” he said.(Para. 20) Starbucks also uses self-managed work teams at its coffee bean roasting plants. Although plant managers and supervisors are responsible for the initial organization of the teams, partners are encouraged to take over the day-to-day workings of the teams including decision-making. Cross-functional teams of partners and supervisors are used to make hiring decisions.(Para. 21) Starbucks is a living model of employee learning, ownership, involvement, and communication. The result is a superior product, coupled with customer service that is truly caring and responsive. The icing on the cake is sales growth of 65 percent a year over the last years while net incomeskyrockets by 70 to 100 percent a year.(Para. 22) All in all, Starbucks offers an amazingly diverse range of opportunities and benefits to its partners. It’s little wonder that new stores continue to openat the rate of three to five every week, and employees are making careers at Starbucks instead of dropping out.。
大学英语综合教程第二册Unit1翻译
Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West.哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行，阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。
Learning, Chinese-StyleHoward Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。
然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。
全新版大学英语综合教程2学生用书课后习题答案
全新版大学英语综合教程2学生用书课后习题答案全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2答案Unit1 Ways of LearningContent Question1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a secondexample, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third,young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hoursa day.10. Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.11. This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.12. The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1) The text begins with an anecdote.2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.3) He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form ofa question.2. Chinese1) Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over timeAmericans1) Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems2) Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up laterUnit2 ValuesContent Question1. The Salvation Army is a religious charitableorganization. A Salvation Army bell ringer is a volunteer who help it collect donations.2. The boy asked him: Are you poor? He did it simply out of confusion and curiosity. Obviously he knew nothing about the Salvation Army bell ringer.3. He said, “I have more than some people, but not as mu ch as others.” This means that he was neither poor nor rich.4. The boy’s mother scolded h im because the question was social inappropriate, especially to a person who looked poor.5. Yes, economically he is poor. He lives in a small basemen t apartment. He doesn’t even have a color TV. He falls into the lowest income category. And so on.6. No, the writer does not feel poor. This is because he has enjoyed good health and creativity which he thinks are much more important than material goods.7. He feels out of place among people who are primarily interested in material things.8. She told him th at she was interested in what’s on the inside. but after he took her to his poorly furnished apartment, she changed her mind completely.9. It only shows that to her the most important thing was still material goods rather than what she had claimed before.10. Commercial can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.11. Because December is the time for to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.12. The boy’s question has helped the writer realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and shouldbe thankful for that.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1) a.√2) the essay is meant to explain something that is, the author’s view of life.3) That one can live a life full of riches without being rich financially.2.Part One: The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “are you poor?”Part Two: In search of an answer the writer finds that not having expensive possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys life in many other ways.Part Three: In conclusion, the writer thinks he’s grown to understand more about himself because of the boy’s question.Unit3 The Generation GapContent Question1. There are seven characters---Father, Mother, Heidi, Diane, Sean, Restaurant Manager, and Mrs. Higgins.2. No. Because what he does usually ends up embarrassing them.3. To buy a guitar.4. To check if Sean was going to embarrass him.5. He knew his father was going to embarrass him.6. It was unnecessary and embarrassing.7. He wanted Dan to pressure his son into asking Diane to the senior prom.8. He would speak to his son and insist that the latter give Diane a call.9. She felt humiliated.10. Because the Thompson had just moved.11. He tried to let her know how exceptionally talented a young woman Heidi was.12. Because she couldn’t bear being embarrassed by her father. Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1. A fast-food restaurant2. The Thompson family dining room3. An office at a high school2.Scene One: Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager.Scene Two: Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a colleague into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.Scene Three: Father embarrassed Heidi by boating to an official at her new school about how talented she was.Unit4 The Virtual WorldContent Question1. She used to be a television producer, but now she is a writer.2. She writes and edits articles online, submits them via email, and communicates with colleagues via the Internet, too.3. She could stay computer-assisted at home for weeks, going out only t get mail, newspapers and groceries.4. They feel as if they had become one with the computer,and life seems to be unreal.5. That people who grew used to a virtual life would feel an aversion to outside forms of socializing.6. She gets overexcited, speaks too much, and interrupts others.7. She is bad-tempered, easily angered, and attacks everyone in sight, all because she has long become separated from others and lacks emotional face-to-face exchanges with people.8. She fights her boyfriend, misinterpreting his intentions because of the lack of emotional cues given by their typed dialogue.9. Because we rely on co-works for company.10. She calls people, arrangers to meet the few friends remaining in the City, gets to the gym, arranges interviews for stories, doctor’s appointments---anything to get her out of the house and connected with others.11. No, she doesn’t feel happy. She feels being face to face is intolerable.12. She makes her excuses and flees, re-enters her apartment, runs to the computer, clicks on the modem, and disappears into the virtual world again.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1. 2-32. 1,4-10,133. 114. 122.The first paragraph describes the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells of the author’s escape back into it. Together, they bring out the dilemma people at present are in: Because of modern technology, we have a choice between a virtual life and real life, but find both unsatisfactory.Unit5 Overcoming ObstaclesContent Question1. Because the pole was set at 17 feet which was three inches higher than his personal best.2. Because pole-vaulting combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.3. His childhood dream was to fly. His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up.4. Because he believed in hard work and sweat. His motto: If you want something, work for it!5. Michael's mother wished he could relax a bit more and be that "free dreaming" little boy. On one occasion she attempted to talk to him and his father about this, but his dad quickly interrupted, smiled and said, "You want something, work for it!"6. He began a very careful training program.7. He seemed unaware of the fact that he had just beaten his personal best by three inches. He was very calm.8. He began to feel nervous when the bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.9. What his mother had taught him about how to deal with tension or anxiety helped him overcome his nervousness.10. The singing of some distant birds in flight made him associate his final jump with his childhood dream.11. He cou ld imagine the smile on his mother’s face. He thoughthis father was probably smiling too, even laughing. However, in fact, his father hugged his wife and cried like a baby in her arms.12. Because he was blind.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part One: Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career.Part Two: Michael’s childhood was marked with dreams and tough training. Part Three: Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record.2.(1) It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying. (2) All of Michael’s vaults today seemed t o be the reward for his hard work.Unit6 Women, Half the SkyContent Question1. They liked girly toys such as a miniature kitchen, and Barbies.2. To convert a gas-guzzling SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.3. Because she didn’t know anything about cars and was afraid of being cheated by the mechanic.4. She was craving independence and wanted to live away from home for some time.5. It helped her earn six engineering credits, which ofcourse made it easier for her to become an engineeringmajor.6. Five years.7. In her view, if you find a subject is difficult to learn, it does not mean you’re not good at it. It just means you have to set your mind and work harder to get good at it.8. Because he had confidence in her abilities believing she could have done better if she had studied more.9. No, she wasn’t always confident. She had moments of panic, worried that as a woman she would be unable to understand thermodynamics.10. She considers it wrong because it is based on a faulty premise.11. It is flexible and more powerful than we imagine.12. What she means is not to accept others’ op inions blindly but to use one’s own judgment.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part One: The author describes how she stumbled into engineering. Part Two: The author writes about how she has overcome obstacles, including the bias against women, on her way to success.Part Three: The author draws the conclusion that women can do anything men can so long as they believe in their own abilities.2.1) she was not a tomboy.not to an engineering department.she didn’t k now the first thing about engineering.because she craved independence from her parents.already earned her six credits in engineering.2) math and design.she participated in a national competition to convert an SUV into a hybrid electric vehicle.work harder at it.that she should study more.had to work hard at courses she found difficult, which encouraged her to keep going.Unit7 Learning about EnglishContent Question1. It has borrowed and is still borrowing massively from other languages. Today it has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words.2. They don’t like borrowing foreign words. They try to ban words from English.3. Old English or Anglo-Saxon English.4. The Germanic tribes brought it to the British Isles in the 5th century.5. They are usually short and direct.6. They use words derived from Old English.7. An English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study later revealed the Indo-European parent language.8. Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, English, etc.9. There were three languages competing for use in England.10. Words from Greek and Roman classics came into the English language.11. The great principles of freedom and rights of man were born in England, then the Americans carried them forward.12. No. English is and has always been the tongue of thecommon people. There should not be any fence around it to protect its so-calledpurity.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part One: Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.Part Two: the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Part Three: Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others---these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.2.Paras. 10-11: Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words---Old English.Para. 12: The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin.Para. 13: the Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse. Para. 14: the Norman Conquest---French influence.Para. 15: The European renaissance and the printing pressbrought many new words from Latin and Greek.Para. 16: The American revolution---the emergence of a new variety---Amercan English.。
全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版答案unit1unit3
Unit 1Key to Exercises1. Vocabulary1) insert2) on occasion3) investigate4) In retrospect5) initial6) phenomena7) attached8) make up for9) is awaiting10) not …in the least11) promote12) emerged2. Rewrite each sentence1) There is a striking contrast between the standard of living in the north of the country and the south.2)Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)The city's importance as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3. 1) Chinese isn't a subject that can be picked up in a month. You can't accomplish your goal of mastering the language unless you work at it for years. Well, it sounds as if I'm exaggerating the difficulties, but the fact is I'm only telling the truth.2)The principal is somewhat disappointed with the performance of the children. From what she has gathered, some of the teaching staff have neglected their pupils. She has just announced that strict work regulations have been made and that they apply to both Chinese and overseas teachers.3)The teacher-directed and the child-directed approaches to teaching art represent two extremes of opinion. Too many teacher-directed activities cannot be expected to effectively assist children in learning because of the rigid structure. On the other hand, too many child-directed activities may see a curriculum that is totally unstructured and out of control. There are valid reasons to believe a teacher-guided approach would be a superior way to guide children's development. This approach combines some form of structure with the child leading the direction.II. Confusable Words1.1 )continual 3) continual 21) principal 3) principle 5) principal2) continuous 4) continuous2) principal4) principlesIII. Usage1. themselves2. himself/herself3. herself/by herself/on her own4. itself5. ourselves6. yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. contrast2. exaggerating3. priority4. on the other hand5. promoting6. pick up7. assist 8. accomplish9. on occasion 10. neglecting11. worthwhile 12. superior(B)1. end2. perform3. facing4. competent5. equipped6. designed7.approach 8. rest9. definitely 10. qualityII. Translation1. sentences1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure fromthe tradition.2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give aperformance in front of a large audience.3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in thechild at an early age.4)Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you thinkit’s worthwhile to buy/ purchase it?5)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem weare investigating.2. passage translationTo improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of masteringEnglish.U2Text AA Life Full of RichesI. Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases…1) abrupt 2) emotional 3) bless 4) wear and tear5) dated 6) consequences 7) seemingly 8) in contrast to9) Curiosity 10) genuine 11) primarily 12) sentiments2. Rewrite each sentence…1) confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first2) vital to the existence of all forms of life3) some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up on the subject4) nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy5) tickled him to think that she’d come to ask his advice3. Complete the sentences1) a lingering, fabricating, sentiments2) fill out, every item, vital, consequences3) be denied, tangible, cherish, attainII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2. She arrived early and took a front row seat.3. Don’t take me for a fool.4. It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5. My uncle will take me (alone on his trip) to the Arctic this summer.6. He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7. Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8. If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.III. Usage1. hanging2. to give3. to return4. being praised5. not having6. to say7. to open8. being helpedComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1) well-off/affluent 2) dated 3) falling into 4) bracket 5) deny 6) tangible7) pursuit 8) cherishes 9) out of place 10) abrupt 11) focus 12) donations2. Theme-related1) consume 2) fueled 3) annual 4) plain 5) physically 6) security 7) indicates 8) equally 9) traditional 10) followsII. Translation1. Translate the Sentences1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.2. Translate the passageWith more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.U3Unit 3 The Generation GapText A Father Knows BetterI. Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases…1) typical 2) dumb 3) junior 4) glorious 5) welfare 6) came over 7) interference8) fading 9) narrowed down 10) frank 11) schemes 12) at any rate2. Rewrite each sentence…1) consists of five generals and four police officers.2) will be in a location overlooking the lake.3) was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people.4) have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer?5) was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3. Complete the sentences1) hysterical, was handed down by, should have known better than2) twisted, over and over, talented son,3) patience, not to keep him in suspense, assured…repeatedlyII. Collocation1. adequate2. anxious3. certain4. content5. crazy6. likely7. fortunate8. keenIII. Usage1. be admitted2. live3. be postponed4. buy5. be banned6. beComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1) typical 2) welfare 3) constant 4) frank 5) talent 6) dumb 7) know better than that8) repeatedly 9) dread 10) interference 11)bet 12)assure2. Theme-related1. despite2. really3. same4. contact5. admitted6. attempt7. not8. tend 9. different 10. mannerII. Translation1. Translate the Sentences1) Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?2) The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.5) Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.2. Translate the passageGeorge, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CDs for computer games software from his classmates.。
硕士英语综合教程2ppt
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Background Information & Cultural Notes
Southwest Airlines Co. is an American low-cost airline based in Dallas, Texas. Southwest is the largest airline in the United States, based upon domestic passengers carried, as of June 30, 2010 (2010 -06-30). Southwest operates more than 3,400 flights a day, as of March 2011, utilizing a fleet of 552 aircraft.
Seattle’s Pike Place Market Howard Shultz
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Background Information & Cultural Notes
W. L. Gore & Associates ―Fortune‖ 100 best companies to work for, 2011, known for GORETEX® fabrics Founded in 1958, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. is a privately-held company headquartered in Newark, Delaware, USA. For more than 50 years, Gore has built a worldwide reputation for ethics and integrity in its dealings with customers, suppliers, and employees, and for taking a long-term view when assessing business situations.
新通用大学英语综合教程2(第2册)U1课后答案及课件(第一单元unit01),高等教育出版社
—divorced —married —single
Part 4 Ways of Greetings in Southeast Asian Countries
Check whether each statement is true (T) or false (F).
True False
1. Indonesians tend to greet each other in a quick way.
5. Bruneians like to have a firm handshake.
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Part 5 Recognition
You will hear a conversation between a man and a woman. The woman thinks she knows the man, so she starts a conversation. Listen to the recording and briefly answer the questions below.
Part 2 Ask About a Person’s Experiences
Listen to the game Once in a Lifetime. Check if the contestants answered
yes (Y) or no (N) to the host’s questions.
6. visited Chicago?
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Have you ever…?
Part 3 Introduction
You will hear two conversations in which two people are introduced to new friends. The first person is called Kate and the second person is named Kathy. Listen to the recording and tick the information you hear about these two people.
西安交大-硕士英语综合教程2课后答案
硕士英语综合教程2Unit 1 Human-based Strategy1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.(1) they value cultural diversity; they are family friendly; they invest in employee training; they empower their employees(2) their employees; Howard Schultz(3) cultural and technical aspects; coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service and interpersonal skills(4) full health and dental coverage, vacation, and participation in the company wide stock plan called Bean Stock(5) self managed work teams; cross functional teams2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) astute(2) ignite(3) enthusiasm(4) turnover(5) transaction(6) interact with(7) come into contact with(8) empower(9) superior(10) drop outb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9)C(10) A3. Cloze(1) motivated(2) selecting(3) retain(4) relied(5) differentiated(6) recruited(7) adaptability(8) prospective(9) require(10) efficiently(11) comprehensive(12) challenge(13) survived(14) rate(15) tripled(16) generous(17) financial(18) reveal(19) premium(20) morale4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.It’s actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied directly to productivity, profitability, and yes－motivation! If you have high expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and motivation within your organization.Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you don’t expect much from your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and don’t be surprised if that’s exactly what you get!b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
硕士英语综合教程1 课后答案
课后答案1-硕士英语综合教程硕士英语综合教程1 （课后答案）目录Unit 1 LowCarbon Economy2. V ocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of thewords or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5)triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lostout on(10) settled onin closest that is Choose the word or phrase b. meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10)D4. Translationa. Chinese to Englishinto sentences Translate 1) the following English.packs, of the under (1) Bending the weight sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forestthat covered the mountainside.dowe as passing, time on Concentrating (2)when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is tickingmore slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during thesecond quarter, and the country's top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006. (4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people tosave water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically,economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in thes essential for a company to improve'industry, itproduction quality and tap the overseas marketarttheof through the help ofstatetechnologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think Christmas again. That's because thousands ofas UK in the stranded travelers have been massive caused weather conditions adverse disruption to the transport infrastructure.into following paragraphs 2) Translate the English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will bewill events gradual, but that extreme weather increase in frequency and intensity. They say theeffects of more storms, floods, droughts and heatwaves will be abrupt and profound. The Worldsoeffects of the Health Organization saysarealready called sensitive climatediseases killing millions of people.While is phenomenon. a global change Climateits will no country be she exempt, says consequences will not be evenly distributed. TheWHO chief says poor countries that already arestruggling with huge problems will be mostaffected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty copingwith the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告:如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
研究生综合英语2_Unit1
研究生综合英语2_Unit1U1 Warm-up 1 Warm-up 2 Warm-up 3 AIFTTR1 AIFTTR2 AIFTTR3.1 AIFTTR3.2 AIFTTR4 AIFTTR5-6 AIFTTR7 AIFTTR8.1 AIFTTR8.2 AIFTTR8.3 AIFTTR8.4 AIFTTR8.5 Text MIOTT1 Introduction to the Author and the article Introduction to the Author and the article2 Part2_T1 Part2_T2 Part2_T3 Part2_T4 Part2_T5 Part2_T6 Part2_T7 Part2_T8 Part2_T9 Part2_T10 Part2_T11 Part2_T12 Part2_TA_Notes1 Part2_TA_Notes2 Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions1 Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions2 Part2_TA_t1 Part2_TA_t2 Part2_TA_t3 Part2_TA_t4 Part2_TA_t5 Part2_TA_t6 Part2_TA_t7 Part2_though I’m sure… Part2_It invites… Part2_I might be thrown… Part2_It is one … Part2_Here is an area… Part2_Someone utters… Part2_ I didn’t do it.… Part2_The nearest… Part2_carried away… Part2_ I think we make… Part2_I know a man… Part2_ He employs… Part2_I don’t think… Part2_This sort of thing … Part2_ That one… Part2_ But for every… Part2_ It takes a Dorothy… Part2_ I worked … Part2_ the unwritten… Part2_ with immeasurably… Part2_There is no … Part2_ at the bottom… Part2_ a lady of… Part2_ He said … Part2_ Given the… Part2_ the chances … Part2_cope with Part2_blurt out Part2_inarticulate Part2_bestow sth. upon Part2_downright Part2_carry sb. away Part2_well off Part2_get possession of Part2_put one’s mind Part2_come up withPart2_brush sth. off Part2_on the right track Part2_appalled Part2_inept at Part2_fall flat Part2_fall apart Part2_execrable Part2_adroit Part2_poise Part2_etiquette Part2_comport Part2_the chances Part2_TA_exercises1.1 Part2_TA_exercises1.2 Part2_TA_exercises2.1 Part2_TA_exercises2.2 Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exercises4.1 Part2_TA_exercises4.2 Part2_TA_exercises4.3 Part2_TA_exercises4.4 Part2_TA_exercises4.5 Part2_TA_exercises5.1 Part2_TA_exercises5.2 Part2_TA_exercises5.3 Part2_TA_exercises5.4 Part2_TA_exercises6 Part2_TA_exercises5.3_pop1 Part2_TA_exercises5.3_pop2 Part2_TA_exercises5.4_pop1 Part2_TA_exercises5.4_pop2 Further Reading Text b1` Text b2 Text b3 Text b4 Text b5 Text b6 Text b7 Text b8 Text b9 Text b10 Text b11 Text b12 Text b13 Text b14 Blaine Smith She can cou nt… who are Christ’s body… It’s to this end that… Most of us have… S_ who gives herself… S_ Christians are not… S_ The body of Christ… S_ Most of us have… MIOFR Idiom Studies 1 Idiom Studies 2 Idiom Studies 3 EX1 EX2 WK_1 WK_2 WK_3 WK_4 WK_5 WK_6 WK_7 WK_8 WK_9 WK_10 WK_11 WK_12 WK_13 WK_14 WK_15 WK_16 WK_17 WK_18 WK_19 WK_20 WK_21 WK_22 WK_23 WK_24 WK_25 WK_26 Additional Work AW_1.1 AW_1.2 AW_1.3 AW_1.4 AW_2.1 AW_2.2 AW_2.3 AW_2.4 AW_2.5 AW_2.6 AW_2.7 AW_2.8 AW_2.9 AW_2.10 AW_3.1 AW_3.2AW_3.3 AW_3.4 AW_3.5 AW_3.6 AW_3.7 AW_4.1 AW_4.2 Writing the IntroductionThe introduction is the first part of an essay, usually the first paragraph.There are many ways to write an introduction, such as beginning with aquestion, or giving background information about the topic, etc ... Thekind of introduction you choose depends on how you want to present thetopic and the type of essay you want to compose. The introduction for mostshort essays is one paragraph and usually consists of three parts:Introduction Lead-in + Connecting information + Thesis statementWriting the Body The body of an essay is the main part. It usuallyconsists of three or four paragraphs and develops the idea advanced inthe thesis statement. The body part of an essay generally follows a planof organization which can be put in the form of an outline. An outlinecan be written in topic or sentence form. If you have written a thoroughtopic outline or sentence outline, you have done much of the work already.Therefore, knowing how to outline is a valuable skill in writing the bodypart of the essay. Learn about the arrangement of a six-leveloutline from the following format. Format of a Six-level Outline I. A.B. 1. 2. a. b. 1 a b 2 II. Here are thesamples of a Sentence Outline and a Topic Outline respectively. For yourbetter understanding, the thesis statement of the essay is given beforethe outline. Writing the Conclusion A successful essay concludes;it doesn’t just end. A good conclusion completes the discussion in the body part, echoing, in independent fashion, the thesis and the supporting ideas. What follows are several guidelines to follow when writing the conclusion: Most importantly, let the readers know that this is the conclusion. Writers mark conclusions with some kind of transition or connectors. Some examples are: in conclusion, from the information given, to summarize, and so on. And sometimes the first sentence of the conclusion rephrases the thesis or main idea of the essay in a way that reflects knowledge of the essay’s content. The conclusion should not open a new subject by raising questions unexplored in the body section or introduce new information in this last part of the essay. There are many different ways to conclude a paper. An effective conclusion can consist of any or some of the following techniques: 1. 2. 3. 4 A response to a question or a solution to a problem raised in the introduction and explored in the body section, or a statement that no final, clear answer or solution exists, thus indicating the complexity of the issue. A quotation, especially one that amplifies the thesis statement or verifies another quotation presented earlier in the introduction. A relevant anecdote, which the reader will be likely to remember and which echoes or resonates with the thesis statement. A pointed rephrasing of the thesis statement and/or supporting claims or assertions, followed by a sentence or two that turns the reader’s thoughts to the implication of the paper.Writing Up an Expository Essay As we mentioned above, an expository essay aims to explain or explore things. And good expository essays often make use of one or some writing techniques such as illustration or example, process writing how to ... , definition, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc. Most importantly, no matter which writing techniques are employed, the emphasis of exposition is on the subject itself. So an expository essay should be as objective as possible. Illustration In the illustration essay, wise selections of sufficient examples are used to illustrate or support the viewpoint of the thesis. The structure follows a certain pattern: in the brief introduction section, the thesis statement is presented as a generalization, a theory, or a point of view. In the body section, each topic sentence presents a main supporting point, using carefully chosen examples to illustrate, explain or prove that point. And in the conclusion section, a brief summary is given to emphasize what the examples illustrate, from which account the viewpoint of the essay becomes clearer or more forceful. Process In this type of essay, the process of doing certain things is explained or described for the readers’ understanding and knowledge. The structure follows a pattern like this: in the introduction section, the process is described briefly and the purpose of the essay is stated clearly. In the body section, the explanation is systematically divided into steps; and these steps areexplained according to the process sequence and include enough details or data. Since the sequence is usually important in this type of essay, sequence words are, therefore, commonly used. Good writers make use of a variety of transitional terms to indicate sequence. Finally in the conclusion section, the value or importance of the process description is highlighted, leaving something substantial in the minds of the readers. Definition In this type of essay, definition is useful when the writer uses abstract, ambiguous or controversial terms with various denotative or connotative meanings or shades of meaning. Since different people can have different understandings abo ut certain terms ― for instance, a discussion of political systems, feelings or wisdom ― abstract terms therefore need to be defined or clarified for accuracy. In fact, a definition essay often illustrates the most essential nature and characteristics of the subject under discussion even as it presents the writer’s own understanding or viewpoint of the matter. It is this expression of the writer’s personal opinion or attitude that gives life to a definition paper and makes it appeal to the readers. Essays of this type follow no set pattern. The definition essay can be either inductive or deductive. The inductive essay begins by using any of the other development methods, and then leads up to a definition of the subject. The deductive essay, in contrast, starts with a definition and then employs other expository patterns of development. In the conclusionsection, the definition is often summarized and emphasized, so that the author’s point of view is reinforced. Comparison and Contrast In this type of essay, you compare or contrast things. The subjects are usually two ideas that are related in some significant way. You can focus on the similarities between the two things, or on the differences, or on both the similarities and the differences. These essays aim to reveal to the readers the strengths and advantages or the weaknesses and disadvantages of the subjects under discussion. The conclusions of such essays do not merely recapitulate or summarize points of contrast. They make sure to address the significance of the comparison and the information gained from the process. Essays based on comparison and contrast can be developed in two ways: 1. 2. Vertical Movement: You can group the main ideas about Subject A in one paragraph or section and the main ideas about Subject B in the next paragraph or section. Horizontal movement: You can treat corresponding ideas on Subject A and Subject B as pairs and compare or contrast them one after the other, in successive paragraphs. In the vertical pattern, you present one single subject and all its points of comparison before you move on to do the same for the second subject. But in the horizontal pattern, you present both subjects under one point of comparison or contrast before moving on to the next point. Whether you choose the ‘vertical’ or the ‘horizontal’ pattern depends on the kind of text you are writing, itspurpose or your own preference. Generally speaking, the vertical patternis sometimes favored because of its relative simplicity, since it developseach subject completely without interruption. The horizontal pattern isfavored sometimes because each paragraph repeatedly reminds the readersof the comparison or contrast relationship; it is therefore more suitablefor longer pieces of writing. Both patterns are commonly used in descriptions involving comparison and contrast. Cause and Effect In this type of essay, the writers discuss the relationship between something that happens and its consequences, or between certain actionsand their results. Cause-effect essays can be informative and insightful. Generally speaking, there are two ways of writing cause-effect essays.The first is called the Focus-on-Cause method, in which the writer focuseson the causes of something. The second is called Focus-on-Effect method,in which the writer emphasizes the effects or results of a cause. Essays that use the Focus-on-Cause method answer the question “Why does something happen?” And essays that us e the Focus-on-Effect method answerthe question “What happens when ...?” Sample Essay （Exposition）Hypocrisy When I was a little girl, my mother told me to wait forthe light to turn green before I crossed the street and to cross alwaysat the corner. This I did. Indeed, I was positive as a very young childthat I would get mashed like a potato if I even so much as stepped a footoff the sidewalk while the light burned red. I followed my mother’s adviceuntil I realized that she herself jaywalked constantly, dodging in and out of moving traff ic ― and pulling me with her. So after a while I followed her example and not her advice. My father told me never to cheat or steal and I remember my intense humiliation the day, only 6 years old, I received a public spanking for swiping three dimes from the windowsill where they had been left by a visiting uncle. Yet my father pushed me under the turnstile to get into the subway and got me into the movies for half fare, way after I was old enough to pay full price. And my mother continually brought home reams of stationery and other supplies lifted from the offices where she worked. Both my parents exacted severe punishment for lying and yet I knew, in time, that they lied to me and to each other and to others when, presumably, they felt the occasion warranted it. And this was just part of the story. But hypocrisy about sex, about race relations, about religion, took me a longer time to see. I was out of high school before that picture began to pull together. Understanding didn’t devastate me because I had begun to absorb the knowledge little by little, through the years. By the time I was 18 or 19 I guess I was both old enough to understand and strong enough to face what I saw. And I could face it because I learned my parents were not unusu al. Most everybody’s parents were the same. And we, my friends and I, did come to take it for granted. Parents were that way. Older people were that way. The word for what we found out about our parents’ generationwas hypocrisy. And most of us accepted it as part of life ― as the waythings were. ― Lynn Minton, “Double Vision” Additional Work I.Idiom Studies III. Reading Appreciation II. Vocabulary Expansion IV.Translation of Proverbs Choose a suitable idiom from the listgiven below to fill in each blank in the following sentences. Make changeswhen necessary. I. Idiom Studies a dog in the manger let the cat out ofthe bag swan song fish in troubled waters the only fly in the ointmentcry crocodile tears a sitting duck a white elephant talk turkey buy a pigin a poke 1. 2. 3. 4. All the tickets have been sold for the elderlysinger’s performance in London this week ― the public clearly believethat this will be her . The young couple enjoyedtheir holiday in Paris very much; was the bad weather ― it rained nearly every day. The car we bought lastyear is a ; it uses a lot of petrol andbreaks down again and again. He’sreally ― even though he doesn’thave a car he won’t let anyone else use his empty garage. swan song_________ the only fly in the ointment ______________________ a whiteelephant ______________ a dog in the manger ________________ 4. 5.“If you compliment someone, they’ll assume you love them only for their achievement; this will cause them to feel under unfair pressure to liveup to your expectations.” Some feel that this is a reason not to verballyaffirm their children. If you commend Johnny for getting an A in math, it’s feared, he’ll associate your love with getting good grades. He’ll then feel insecure if he doesn’t produce top marks in the future. “Compliments don’t need to be verbalized.” Others will know you appreciate them simply by your actions. At most, an occasional or veiled compliment is all that should be needed to keep someone feeling affirmed. Firmly Affirmed There is certainly an element of truth to each of these objections. We each are expected to do our duty whe ther we’re praised for it or not. There are times when compliments amount to flattery or adulation that should only be directed to God. Too 6. “Praise is due to God alone.” To compliment someone is to give them commendation that God alone deserves. Since no one can achieve anything worthwhile apart from God’s help, we dishonor him by praising someone for their accomplishment. We imply that they achieved success by their own effort rather than by God’s grace. much praise may cause another’s ego to swell, or lead them to think that they now have to live up to certain expectations that we have. Yet to adopt a philosophy of never complimenting others, or doing so only sparingly, because of any of these reasons, is to take the truth to an unfortunate extreme. It’s to ignore that fact that God has created us humans with a substantial and ongoing need for affirmation. An important part of how we experience his grace and commendation is through encouragement from people ― particularly from other Christians,who are Christ’s body on this earth. It’s to this end that Paul commands in Romans 12:10, “outdo one another in showing honor.” Thisis the only place in the New Testament where we’re told to strive to outdoeach other in some way! Paul’s point is that we should give considerable attention to building each other up through giving compliments. Thebody of Christ should be marked by an unusually strong atmosphere of affirmation. For this to occur, though, compliments need to be verbalized. It’s not enough to assume that others know we appreciate themeven though we don’t say as much in words. I remember a long seminar Ionce gave where the sponsor afterwards merely thanked me but had nothing affirming to say to me about the weekend. I assumed from his silence thathe must have taken offense at something I’d said, or that he didn’t thinkmy teaching had been effective. It was only several years later that Ifound the event had been an important turning point in his life: it simply wasn’t his nature to express compliments outwardly. Most of ushave enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume othersare disappointed in what we’ve done unless they expressly say otherwise. For most of us, too, it’s not enough for compliments mer ely to be occasional. Charlie Shedd has likened our need for affirmation to a tirewith a slow leak, which though pumped up at night must be blown up againthe next day. His point is that yesterday’s compliments don’t sufficefor today. We have an ongoing need for affirmation, and initialcompliments need to be followed up with reminders. Giving Others CreditThat They Can Handle But what about the objection that complimenting someone will make them think you only appreciate them fortheir achievemen t? Here I believe we have to give people credit ― evensmall children ― that they can discern whether our love is merely tiedto what we’re commending them for, or that we’re complimenting them because we love them and want them to feel encouraged. If the latter is true, then we shouldn’t fear that our praise will make them think theyhave to act a certain way in order to merit our love. It’s more likelythat our affirmation will have a freeing effect on them: they’ll be relieved to know they don’t have to strive endlessly and futilely to achieve our praise. Consider those intriguing instances in the Gospels where Jesus commends individuals for their faith ― telling someone he healed, for instance, that their faith had made them well. He actually paid these people a profound compliment by affirming their faith. Take the example of the woman with the hemorrhage, who was healed after pressing through a huge crowd and touching Jesus’ robe Mark 5:2434 .Jesus did her an extraordinary service merely by healing her. While sheowed him plenty of praise, he didn’t owe her any compliment at all. Iteven would have been appropriate for him to say, “The power of God has healed you, even though you were unworthy of receiving it.” Yet instead,he declared to her ― in front of all those standing around them ―“Your faith has healed you” Mark 5:34 . In effect, I believe he was saying, “Your confidence in God, and your tenacity in persisting to find an answer to your problem in spite of so many setbacks, have played a vital role in your healing. You are to be congratulated!” I’m certain that Jesus’ affirming the faith of sick people who sought his help often had as great a healing effect on them as the actual physical cures that he brought. Yes, there is risk involved in giving compliments. Yet usually the risk is greater in refraining, since we may lose a golden opportunity for extending the love of Christ to someone who needs it. I might add that the loss is not only to others spiritual and emotional health but to our own, for some of the greatest joy we can know as Christians comes from the experience of affirming others. I can’t help but wonder if this was part of what Jess had in mind when he said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” Notes to Further Reading Blaine Smith: a missionary that serves in American Presbyterian Church and author for The Optimism Factor： Outrageous Faith Against the Odds 1994 , Overcoming Shyness 1993 , Knowing God’s Will: Biblical Principles of Guidance 1979 , Should I Get Married 1990 She can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times the supervisor of the small social service agency where she works has given her a genuine compliment： She finds her supervisor seldom compliments her on her work. Since a hand has only five fingers, this means her supervisor has complimented her fewer than fivetimes. Usually this expression is used to complain about ill treatment, neglect, or abuse by another person. Notes to Further Reading who are Christ’s bod y on this earth: Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the incarnation of God, walking on earth. By extension, all Christian believers on earth are God-like. Notes to Further Reading It’s to this end that Paul commands in Romans 12:10, “outdo one anothe r in showing honor”: It Is for this reason Paul in New Testament chapter “Romans” verse 12:10 tells his audience to compete with and outdo each other in performing Christian acts of respect and kindness to each other. Paul was an intelligent and popular di sciple of Christ’s teachings. Notes to Further Reading Most of us have enough critical self-talk: Most people are very self-critical. Notes to Further Reading Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences ... who gives herself relentlessly to the needs of others. who tries her best to serve the needs of others Christians are not to stoop to flattery. Christians should not debase themselves to receive flattery. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences The body of Christ should be marked by an unusually strong atmosphere of affirmation. The body of Christ should be very willing to give others affirmation. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences Most of us have enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume others are disappointed in what we’ve done unless they expressly say otherwise. Most of us are so self-critical that we may think others are disappointed in what we’ve done if they don’tsay clearly that they really appreciate our work. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences Main Idea of Further Reading In Further Reading, BlaineSmith urges us to give people enough affirmation for what they have doneas every one has a need for verbal compliments. He explores the reasonswhy some people refrain from giving compliments. Finally he cites fromthe Bible to show that as Christians some of the greatest joy comes fromthe experience of affirming others. Idiom studies 1. a dog in the manger a person who prevents others from enjoying something he does notuse or need 占马槽的狗；占着茅坑不拉屎的人 2. shed/cry crocodiletears shed false tears, show phony sadness 流鳄鱼的眼泪；猫哭耗子假慈悲 3. let the cat out of the bag reveal a secret carelesslyor by mistake 泄露秘密，露马脚 4. a sitting duck a person whois an easy target or easily attacked 容易击中的目标；易受攻击的人 5.swan song a farewell or final appearance, action, or work; the beautiful legendary song sung only once by a swan in its lifetime,as it is dying from the belief that the swan sings as it dies 绝唱；告别演出；最后的作品 6. white elephant a possession that is useless and often expensive to maintain 用而不值得保留的东西；大而无用的东西 7. fish in troubled waters： try to gain advantage for oneself from a disturbed state of affairs 浑水摸鱼 8. talk turkey talk frankly and bluntly 坦率地交谈 9. the only fly in the ointment a person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation 令人扫兴的人（或事）；唯一美中不足之处 10. buy a pig in a poke buy sth. without seeing it or knowing if it is satisfactory 隔山买老牛；（未曾过目或不分好坏地）乱买东西Exercises I. Comprehension Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Is Sandra happy about her job? What is her problem? What are the reasons listed for not giving compliments? What does the author say to dismiss the first reason for never complimenting others as unwarranted? What does the author say about the reason that complimenting someone will make them think you only appreciate them for their achievement? What, according to the author, is the risk of refraining from complimenting other people? II. Topics for Discussion 1.2. 3. The writer lists six reasons for not giving compliments. To what extent do you find them warranted or unwarranted? To what extent do you share Paul’s point that we should give considerable attention to building each other up through giving compliments? There is, according to the author, a fear in some people that compliments might amount to flattery. How do you strike a balance between compliments and flattery? Essay Writing: Overview The papers that you write in most college courses are essays ― nonfiction compositions in which a limited topic is analyzed or interpreted. An essay shows the writer’s personal view or subjective understanding of a topic. Unlike a journalism article, which objectively reports an event, or a lab report, which precisely details an experiment, an essay offers the writer’s view from his/her personalangle. As a successful essay is usually developed through a process of several important steps or stages of writing, in this unit we are first going to present you with an overview of essay writing and then will set about introducing the steps in the writing process in chronological order. Types of Essays An essay is a short collection of paragraphs that presents facts, opinions, and ideas on a certain topic. There is always a purpose in an essay: to inform, to entertain, to instruct, to inspire, or to persuade. And these purposes may overlap sometimes. Since the topics of essays vary a great deal, there are many different ways to write essays. The method that a writer chooses is based on the topic of the essay and the kind of essay that he or she believes will present that topic in the best way. Depending on the topic, the purpose and the audience, essays are generally divided into four types: narrative, descriptive, argumentative, and expository. Narrative: Descriptive: Expository: Argumentative: A narrative essay tells a story by relating a sequence of events. A descriptive essay uses details and images to depict a scene, an event, a person, an object, or an atmosphere. An expository essay informs, explains, or analyzes and gives the readers information to help them understand the world. An argumentative essay attempts to persuadea reader to take some action or to convince a reader to accept your position on a debatable issue. However, the boundaries among these four types of essays are not always strict or rigid. And it’s very possiblethat a good writer will use more than one kind of writing in an essay. For example, you might use a descriptive or a short narrative passage in an argumentative essay. Development Strategies for Essays As an essay is composed of multiple paragraphs, the same paragraph development strategies can be adopted within one essay, such as paragraph developing through examples and details, comparison and contrast, analogy, classification, cause and effect, definition, and/or process. In fact, a combination of these strategies is often used within a single essay. Moreover, the principles of paragraph writing apply equally to essay writing. Just as a paragraph has a topic sentence that expresses its main idea, an essay has a thesis statement that states and narrows the writer’s purpose. Also like a paragraph, an essay should be unified and coherent, with every part clearly related to the idea expressed in the thesis statement. And both paragraphs and essays require thorough supporting details and/or explanations to fulfill their purposes. Structure of an Essay A typical assigned college essay is between 500 and 750 words. However, no matter what the length of an essay is, it always follows a general pattern that includes three basic parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The introduction presents the thesis statement, usually at the end of the paragraph. The purpose of the introduction is to arouse the reader’s interest and establish or define the territory the essay will cover. The body is made up of several paragraphs, each。
硕士综合英语教程2-unit 1
硕士综合英语教程2参考译文Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
研究生综合英语2 unit1
Writing Skills
Additional Work
Unit 1 Coping with the Compliment
Warm-up Activities 1. Have you ever received any compliment? How do you respond to it? 2. Do you know how Chinese people usually cope with compliments? How are the Chinese reactions to compliments different from Americans’?
Unit 1 Coping with the Compliment
5. paradox Paradox is a statement which seems to be foolish or opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may contain a truth. For example, more haste, less speed. 6. Flattery will get you everywhere This statement derives from a well-known saying “Flattery will get you nowhere” but expresses the opposite value or philosophy. “Flattery will get you nowhere” means mere flattery is of no use while “Flattery will get you everywhere” implies flattery is always welcome.
新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容与翻译
Growing Up1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统,问这话时一本正经,并非开玩笑。
许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。
亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。
我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。
依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。
就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。
回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人,而且他们是当真的。
2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, "Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。
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硕士综合英语教程2参考译文Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
星巴克在五个国家拥有超过4700家店面，同时，它的授权经销商们还经营着2800多家店面。
另外，星巴克还通过杂货店销售它的产品并且授权其它食品和饮料产品使用它的品牌。
6.从1971年成立之初至今，星巴克咖啡公司的经营已从美国蔓延至加拿大、欧洲、亚洲甚至更远，并让几乎每一个地方的顾客都享受到星巴克的咖啡体验。
7.该公司不断壮大和成功的核心在于坚持不懈地为顾客提供最佳品质的产品。
公司的成功曾建立在它的核心产品，即咖啡上，但如今的星巴克已不仅仅只是出售咖啡。
而是一种完整的咖啡经验，包括零售站的装潢、背景音乐的播放、星巴克员工的态度、以及公司渴望对它所服务的社会做出的回馈。
公司发展背景8.从公司创建伊始到现在，星巴克的员工一直都是公司成功的主要推动者。
然而，是霍华德·舒尔茨，真正地开启了它。
星巴克最初在西雅图派克市场成立第一家店，经营咖啡豆，十几年后，即1982年，舒尔茨加入星巴克。
作为零售及市场总监，他开始向西雅图的餐馆和咖啡店销售星巴克咖啡，他的这一决定意义重大。
9.舒尔茨加入公司一年后去米兰出差。
意大利给了舒尔茨以启发，他将意大利咖啡吧的概念带回西雅图，并付诸实践开了一家新的咖啡店。
这对于之前只销售新鲜的烘焙咖啡豆的公司来说是一个新的冲击。
然而，舒尔茨的咖啡吧理念大获成功，他建立了每日咖啡厅，专门经营用星巴克咖啡豆煮出的咖啡和浓缩咖啡。
几个月后，每日咖啡厅再次成功，并在当地投资者资金的支持下，于1987年买下了星巴克的全部股份。
这家新的公司正式改名为星巴克公司。
10.当时，星巴克开设了17家店面并已经开始向西雅图之外的城市，如芝加哥和温哥华发展。
在接下来的十年以及后来，公司发展迅猛，它将别具风味的咖啡带给大众消费者，并在这中间开创形成了独有的咖啡产业。
员工的敬业11.尽管该公司的成功往往要归功于其现任首席执行官霍华德·舒尔茨的坚持不懈和卓越远见，但公司上下的员工也是促使公司成功的关键因素。
12.在店面层次，星巴克成功地抑制了在多数零售店普遍存在的员工流动率高、工作能力低或工作热情弱等问题。
“自公司成立之初，我们就一直认为第一线的员工的确对我们公司的成功与否最为关键，”星巴克北美零售总裁约翰·理查德说道。
13.正是借助强大的员工基础，我们克服了来自零售和餐饮业的挑战。
“非常幸运，我们的管理人员和钟点工的流动量可能是业内最好的，”理查德解释道。
14.理查德非常赞赏这种员工的忠诚，但又将其归功于公司为满足每一位员工的需求所做的努力。
对“合作伙伴”的投资有助于使他们形成对公司、对咖啡、对顾客服务及对彼此的忠诚。
员工培训15.星巴克经验的核心源自于员工培训。
对于零售合作伙伴来说，培训项目主要是关于咖啡的知识，产品的专业技术知识，对顾客所提供的服务以及人际交往的技巧——他们有必要了解这些，从而明白每天向顾客提供什么样的产品来创造星巴克经验。
16.新店面的店员会被送到星巴克社区接受为期一周的有关公司企业文化方面的教育。
包括工作技术方面的知识，例如，饮品的准备。
接着，各个区域的经理再根据店面的模式情况对其进行不间断的后续培训。
优厚的福利和员工的参与17.所有的全职或兼职合作伙伴，只要一周工作满20小时，就可以享受一整套优厚的福利待遇。
这些福利包括全额医疗及牙科保险、度假以及参与咖啡豆股票的认购，这是一项全公司范围的职工优先认股计划。
员工对公司的忠诚度和归属感通过公开论坛得到了进一步加强，在论坛中员工无论职位高低都可以发表他们各自对公司管理的建议和关注。
通常咖啡师都是创新的主力军，因为他/她每天在第一线与顾客们打交道。
18.由于大多数合作伙伴也是公司的所有人，因此他们对了解公司的信息非常感兴趣。
为了满足这一愿望，每个季度高层管理人员都会在公司不同的销售区域举办论坛。
这些论坛鼓励所有的合作伙伴提出各自的想法和建议并与高级管理层分享。
星巴克还将每年的咖啡豆股票报告发给所有的合伙人，并出版一本名为《尖峰》的新闻通讯，它会对公司的运营和业绩以及全公司每一个合伙人的表现进行特别报导。
星巴克现在还利用视频和电话会议的形式与它的合伙人们进行联络。
沟通19.沟通对于销售第一线来说非常必要，正是沟通才使员工通过培训后能够准确无误地完成他们的工作，或者是与顾客的沟通。
“星巴克的合作伙伴一直都是忙忙碌碌。
顾客流动量非常稳定，他们要完成一些任务，必须要具备一定的知识，”理查德解释道，“因为服务台设计的方式，这些合作伙伴必须相互合作才能完成一个任务，这样就会形成一种团队合作感。
顾客从一个台子到另一个台子，在消费过程中他们会接触几位员工。
因此，沟通是我们取得成功的重要组成部分。
最有价值的顾客经验就是建立在合伙人与顾客之间的沟通之上的。
”人与人之间的互动是至关重要的，并始终贯穿于星巴克的每一个角落，理查德相信，正是这种不断的互动使星巴克的员工对工作不厌其烦。
“他们觉得到处都是挑战，”他说。
20.在咖啡豆的烘焙厂里，星巴克还采用自我管理的工作团队。
尽管烘焙厂的经理和总监们会负责最初工作团队的组建，但他们会鼓励合伙人负责团队的日常工作，包括决策在内。
由合伙人和总监组成的跨职能工作团队已经习惯了自已决定员工的招募事宜。
结论21.星巴克是企业中员工学习、员工所有、员工参与和沟通的楷模。
结果是上乘的产品，加上真正体贴入微、有求必应的顾客服务。
令人欣慰的是，它的年销售量每年增加百分之六十五，净收入每年增涨百分之七十到百分之百。
22.总之，星巴克为它的合作伙伴提供各种不同的机会和福利。
难怪新的店面继续以每周3至5个的速度不断涌现，同时它的员工也选择在星巴克成就他们的事业而不是离开。
Unit 2耗时又费力的学位1.法律专业的学生需要花费三年时间获得毕业文凭。
医学专业的学生获得硕士学位需要四年时间。
但是对于人文学科的研究生，需要平均花费九年多的时间完成学业。
一些博士学位的获得者可能没有认识到他们可能需要花费另一个九年时间，或者更多时间，寻找一份学院或者大学的有终身任职权的教师的工作—甚至从未找到一份。
2.经济衰退已经缩减了大学的捐助数量和系、部规模，笼罩了研究生教育十多年的危机意识已经变得更为强烈。
威廉姆·帕纳潘克问“有什么比穷途末路更糟糕的呢？”。
他是密西根大学霍普学院的一位英语专业的副教授，并且用托马斯·哈德·本藤的名字为美国高等教育纪事报写专栏。
3.帕纳潘克博士作为一名研究生教育的预言家呼吁，研究生实习制应该被取消并且提醒学生不要去追捧博士学位，因为它令人心碎。
而当他于1999年（又一个就业困难年）在哈佛大学完成他的美国文明史的专业学位后，在美国现代语言协会的年会上，他帮助组织了一次抗议活动。
现代语言协会是由语言和文学方面的学者和教授组成一个组织。
在提到歌雅的一幅巨大残忍的绘画作品《萨恩图吞噬他的儿子》的复制品时，他写道，“还喜欢你的实习吗？”4.比如，英语文学专业的一、二年级博士生可能不会面对像医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进行的竞争，但是以后有更持久而艰苦的工作等待着他们。
博士生不仅被要求掌握一系列广泛的知识，而且要在本研究领域撰写一本几乎像书一样厚的学位论文，依据学科的不同，有的可能最终被搁置一旁，就像埃普索泻盐的商标被贴在药箱的后面一样泰然自若。
这些学生必须通过拼凑各种补助金和工钱来获得他们的生活费用，这些工钱是他们帮助教授本科生的课程所赚取的，但也花费了他们一部分研究时间。
三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼模糊，但他们努力干这种工作至少是为了取得他们的学位。
5.研究生院委员会主席黛布拉·威尔斯·斯图尔特说，在一定程度上，财政资助系统应该为获取人文学科的学位需要花费如此长的时间负责。
在许多国家,政府支助学生在一定的时间范围内，也许三年或者四年里完成博士学位。
6.在美国，由于大部分学生会休学，从获得学士学位到拿到博士学位的时间可能需要将近十二年。
大约一半的攻读人文学科博士学位的学生可能会中途退学。
目前，学生一般获得哲学博士学位的年龄是35岁，负担23000美元的贷款还要面临历史上不景气的就业市场。
兼职工作——伴随着一年又一年的契约，没有福利和保障——这可能是唯一的选择。
7.路易斯·梅南德, 哈佛大学的一名英语教授和另一位关于博士教育过程的评论家,指出:“因为博士教育过程的冗长和不确定性，学生的生活被扭曲了。
”在他的新书《市场理念》中，他写道,“从更少的考虑个人的角度上，这存在着巨大的社会效率低下的问题，因为录取的是高智商的人并且投入资源培训他们，而他们中的一半将永远无法完成学业并且大多数将找不到工作。
8.在现代语言协会春季版的时事通迅中，密西根大学的一名英语教授和该组织的主席西顿尼·史密斯重新又提出已经困扰蓝带工作小组和教育专门小组多年的一项议案：扩大除传统的学位论文以外的研究内容选择的范围，包括已经出版的同行评审的论文、研究文件夹、数字出版物和陈述报告。