新标准大学英语综合教程4一到十课答案(包括unit text)6-10
新标准大学英语综合教程4Unittest10答案
新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit test 10 答案Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.∙hollow∙configuration∙gauge∙predecessor∙doubtless∙intervene∙subtle∙paralyzed∙complication∙annihilated1.Your answer Correct answerparalyzed paralyzed2.Your answer Correct answerdoubtless doubtless3.Your answer Correct answerhollow hollow4.Your answer Correct answerannihilated annihilated5.Your answer Correct answerpredecessor predecessor6.Your answer Correct answerintervene intervene7.Your answer Correct answergauge gauge8.Your answer Correct answersubtle subtle9. Since Mike was prepared to speak to Sally over the phone, her presence creates anYour answer Correct answercomplication complication10.attention.Your answer Correct answerconfiguration configurationSection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. It's important that our first radio _____ to another planet is one of peace.a. transmissionb. remissionc. commissiond. mission12. The judge found it difficult to believe the boys since there were far too many _____ in their story.a. discrepantb. discrepancyc. discrepanciesd. discrepance13. The runner's _____ legs helped propel him to victory in the race.a. muscularb. musclesc. masculined. masculinity14. With an enormous _____, the plane crashed into the water.a. spoutb. splashc. waterfalld. smash15. By the end of the story, all the characters will _____ at the hospital.a. convergeb. mergec. diverged. verge16. The astronauts landed on the moon in a small _____, which was a technological marvel.a. modelb. modalc. moduled. mogul17. Unfortunately, I don't have a(n) _____ impression of the candidate after that terrible speech.a. irresistibleb. impalpablec. arbitraryd. favourable18. It's a popular _____ that Christopher Columbus discovered America.a. misconstructionb. misconceptionc. disconcertiond. disconnection19. A water _____ is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.a. moleculeb. particlec. elementd. substance20. A power outage now would be _____ for our computer network.a. multitudinousb. sickeningc. maniacald. disastrousSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21.Your answer Correct answerby by22.Your answer Correct answerthrough through23.Your answer Correct answerof of24.Your answer Correct answerto to25.Your answer Correct answerby by26.Your answer Correct answeron on27.Your answer Correct answerin in28.Your answer Correct answerof of29.Your answer Correct answerfor for30.Your answer Correct answerof ofPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.One of the greatest inventions of recent memory is undoubtedly GPS. It is on thenow have GPS built into them! GPS units can also be found in cars, boats, airplanes, and handhelddevices used by hikers and campers forusefulness in having directions to anyplace you might drive, but fewer people understand how handya GPS unit can be outdoors.Handheld GPS units useare, whether you are in the middle of New York City, the middle of the Sahara Desert, or the middle ofa desertedGPS units to give them their location in terms ofone's location on thisHikers and campers who walk through wilderness areas need to keep track of theirnearest shelter. Granted, it is relatively easy to besecurity if you have a GPS unit on hand. They can't solve every problem, but they are aYour answer Correct answer(31) verge verge(32) exploration exploration(33) geographical geographical(34) tropical tropical(35) longitude longitude(36) latitude latitude(37) grid grid(38) mileage mileage(39) lulled lulled(40) terrific terrificPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage."You must've been in the wrong place," Justin shouted."No way! I followed your directions exactly," Luis replied."I don't understand," Justin said quizzically. "How could you not find the ocean?""Oh, I found the ocean. That's a little hard to miss. There was just no beach where you said there should've been one. Half-Moon Beach wasn't there!"Justin remained secure in his belief. "You got lost. That's the only explanation.""No way!" Luis was getting increasingly annoyed by this conversation. "Your directions were lousy!""Boys, boys ... settle down. We're all on vacation, what's this fuss all about?" Mr. Gonzalez, attracted by the boys' raised voices and short tempers, quickly stepped in and tried to calm the situation."Dad, Justin told me about this amazing beach, but he gave me bad directions. The beach wasn't there! I wasted all afternoon looking for that beach."Justin looked indignant. "I didn't lie to you. Those directions were good. It's not my fault you couldn't find Half-Moon Beach."Mr. Gonzalez raised his hands to quiet both boys and softly said, "Let me tell you a story. I think you'll see some interesting similarities."There were once three young princes who lived in a far-off land," Mr. Gonzalez began. "They had become bored with their lives and were constantly looking for new things to interest them. An old traveler told them of a tree that was supposed to grow in a nearby forest. The tree was known as the Red-Bud Tree, but no one had ever seen it before."Well, needless to say, the princes all wanted to be the first to see this tree. The eldest prince was the first to venture into the forest during the first days of spring. He followed the traveler's directions exactly but only found a black, bare tree. There was no color to be found anywhere."Several weeks later, the second prince journeyed into the forest. Spring had arrived and the kingdom was alive with colorful wildflowers. The second prince followed the same directions and found the Red-Bud Tree. He couldn't believe how beautiful, and how bright red, it was."Several weeks later still, the youngest prince went off in search of the beautiful red tree. Again, he followed the directions, but he found a healthy tree covered in green leaves."One day, not long after the youngest prince returned, all three sat around the dinner table and began talking about the Red-Bud Tree. The oldest prince remarked that he was unimpressed, since the tree was nothing more than twigs. The middle prince couldn't believe his ears since he thought the Red-Bud Tree had the most brilliant red he had ever seen. Similarly, the youngest son couldn't believe his ears, for the tree had been covered with green leaves when he saw it. The three brothers argued for a long time, each convinced that he was right and the other two were wrong."Mr. Gonzalez looked at both boys, who were silently listening to his story. "I'm sure you know what happened, right?"Justin spoke first. "Well, I think it's pretty obvious. They each saw the tree at different times of the year, so it looked different.""That's right, Justin. Sometimes, several people can see the same thing at different times and see different things. Just like you and Luis did yesterday."Both boys looked confused."What do you mean?" Luis asked."Surprisingly, Half-Moon Beach disappears for part of each day. The tide there is dramatic. At low tide, the water retreats and people crowd the beach. At high tide, however, the waves come all the way up to the street and the beach is underwater."Justin and Luis stared at each other, realization setting in.41. The boys were confused because of a _____ anomaly.A. geographicalB. concentricC. tropicalD. barometric42. This style of writing would best be described as _______.A. expositoryB. argumentativeC. narrativeD. descriptive43. Which of the following words best describes Justin at the beginning of the story?A. Doubtful.B. Confident.C. Maniacal.D. Comical.44. What is the moral of this story?A. There are three sides to every story.B. Time will heal all wounds.C. Patience will win any argument.D. Reality is a matter of perspective.45. The father uses _____ to make his point.A. a simileB. an allegoryC. a metaphorD. an allusion。
新标准大学英语综合教程4__课后答案
应 Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or(b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the otherpeople who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The(6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or(b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or(b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do Ifind?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE). Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying. Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work. Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow. Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow. clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive. (b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up”after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课文翻译1-10单元
Unit 1Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21 岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。
这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始消退。
总算熬到头了。
等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。
这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了哼哼一代的成员。
他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65 万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。
父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。
来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。
他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。
跟他一起住的另外5 个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。
找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更清晰的计划。
他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。
他们给的年薪是1 万8 千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。
然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。
但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国国论者’。
我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。
”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”。
他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。
跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。
其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市摆货，其余的都是白天9 点到5 点“无所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打发时间。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案.pdf
包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember XXXX in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in XXXX–XXXX because the economic downturn – then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in XXXX is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in XXXX onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and tryto get job interviews: they won’t f indemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into twosubcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work –this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when pe ople “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but thecomprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic–comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university feesand living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events – at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’thave a job and doesn’t seem to be activel y seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” b efore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as n ormal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessaril y, nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions. Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explainwhy the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate. (This may be true but the passage does not mention this.) (d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening. (All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America,the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware. (The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Ga el Lindenfield say about Jack’s parents?(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems.(No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfortable. This doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No, we do n’t know from the passage if any of them did this.) (b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants. (No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives. (This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It is n’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg bad ly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are youencouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduateson”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? Is ita fair description?This is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work –it is just that they don’t like their parentsnagging them. So they are a bit rebelliousagainst their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggestabout Ja ck’s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting andwithout trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic andtakes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her ownpersonal experience?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerialphotographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, thenthey can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street,just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and eveningcustomers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (TheQueen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often includecolours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditionaltrades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoesor darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go round to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub).Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People canplay games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information) The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss oruseless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice? (Para 11) What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking bac k after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree?(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury?(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary?(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her £20,000?(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money?(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the XXXX stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan?(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family background?Her mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her education but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it ongambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a student?She had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School ofEconomics.3 ambition?She wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use herdegree.4 appreciation of other people?She a ppreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a niceperson; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love life?We don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they areimmature.6 financial expertise?It must be quite good: She invested the £20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibility?She has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of life?She believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you und erstand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practicereading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair toperform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to havefinancial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’tneed to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degreeend up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bitdisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the placehappier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers。
新标准大学英语综合教程4一到十课答案（包括unittext）6-10
新标准⼤学英语综合教程4⼀到⼗课答案（包括unittext）6-10UNIT 6Reding 11Your answer Correct answer1. tolerant tolerant2. democracy democracy3. loyal loyal4. renowned renowned5. destiny destiny6. retreat retreat7. bully bully2Your answer Correct answer(1) destined destined(2) renowned renown(3) loyality loyalty(4) democractic democratic(5) bullied bullied(6) tolerate tolerate(7) retreat retreat31. His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answersurpassed surpassed2. The situation can only get worse; it will never improve.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerdegenerate degenerate3. Although he was a rich man, his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition. Your replacement:Your answer Correct answershabby shabby4. He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerswap swapped5. At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Churchill to lead the country. Your replacement:Your answer Correct answeronset onset6. Churchill drank a lot of alcohol.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerliquor liquor7. Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle of Gallipoli.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answermake amends make amends4 abbba ababb aaReasing 21Your answer Correct answer1. observation observation2. timber timber3. auxiliary auxiliary4. fragment fragment5. elaborate elaborate6. selection selection7. petty petty8. dispute dispute9. propose propose21. His proved popular and the meeting accepted it unanimously.Your answer Correct answerproposal proposal2. It's the of the decoration that makes the building special.Your answer Correct answerelaboration elaborateness3. The evidence was very and it was difficult to get a complete picture.Your answer Correct answerfragmentary fragmentary / fragmented4. The historian the important facts and arranges them to fit his theory.Your answer Correct answerselects selects5. Restoration is a(n) science which helps art historians find out the age of a painting and the artist.Your answer Correct answerauxiliary auxiliary6. The of his arguments meant that they weren't important or worth taking seriously.Your answer Correct answerpettiness pettiness7. These ancient buildings were constructed of wood from the nearby forest.Your answer Correct answertimbered timbered8. They the truth of the theories for a long time.Your answer Correct answerdisputeed disputed9. They that there was more than one interpretation of the facts.Your answer Correct answerobserved observed3baaba bbablanguage use1Thanks to Churchill's leadership and example, we showed courage and determination. Thanks to their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.At school he was bullied thanks to his lisp, stammer and ill-health.Thanks to his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero.Thanks to school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wanted to be a general.He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty thanks to the disaster at Gallipoli.Thanks to his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression.Thanks to his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.2The main verb is is.To praise a historian for his accuracy.Good, efficient historians and responsible and skilful architects are compared.The main verb is is (the first one).Archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology and so on.Because they are scientific fields with reliable results.The main verb is knows.The most effective way to influence opinion.By the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.No, C. P. Scott, a famous newspaper editor, said "Comment is free, but facts are sacred." So his motto doesn't support this way of doing things.The first fact is you arrived in this building half an hour ago on foot. There are two alternatives: You arrived on a bicycle or ina car.The main verb is is.You arrived in this building half an hour ago.The main verb is may be.In the course of next few years.It will first appear in footnotes of articles and books about 19th-century England.In the text of articles and books about 19th-century England.It may be regarded as a well-established historical fact.In 20 or 30 years' time.3The Chinese student goes to America and the American student comes to China.Family A goes to live in Family B's house and vice versa.You hand back the first one and the shop gives you another one of a different size or colour without any further payment. One who always uses the products or services of a particular business, eg the customer only buys drinks / coffee in Starbucks.To encourage customers to keep on coming back.Both.The facts no one argues against.People disagree about it.People disagree about it—it is a matter of opinion.They make an interesting comment about it which attracts the listener.The doctors are watching you to see how your problem develops.To keep watch on what is happening nearby.Such crimes as shoplifting sweets, not paying your bus fare etc.Petty cash is a small amount of money, eg cash kept in an office for paying any small charges such as postage.A petty officer in the navy is likely to be of low rank.4历史学家不需要掌握特殊的技能去确定陶瓷或⼤理⽯残⽚的起源与断代、去解读⼀段意义隐晦的铭⽂的含义、或是为确定⼀个准确的⽇期⽽进⾏繁复的天⽂计算。
新标准大学英语综合教程4
《新标准大学英语综合教程4》课后习题答案Unit 31.able to be seen (visible)2.to think or guess that something is smaller, less important etc than it really is (underestimate)3.very brave and determined (courageous)4.an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation (crisis)5.the most common or greatest in number or amount (predominant)6.new and different in a way that might offend or upset some people (daring)At a time of global (1) crisis, when stock markets are falling across the world, we should never (2) underestimate the ability of fashion designers to surprise us by bringing sunshine into people’s lives, and avoiding the (3) predominant trend of gloom and pessimism. This is certainly true of the fashion industry in Brazil. In 2009, when the effects of the financial situation were (4) visible almost everywhere, top designers launched a (5) daring new collection combining high hemlines, low necklines, and lots of colour. As one commentator wrote, “You can call it a (6) courageous decision if you like, but it’s also a question of Brazilians doing what comes naturally to them.”Unit 41.the action or process of buying or selling something (transaction)2.to some degree, but not completely or extremely (fairly)3.a written or spoken statement in which someone says that they are not satisfied with something (complaint)4.to inform someone officially about something (notify)5.happy and satisfied with your life (contented)rmation that makes people notice a person, product etc (publicity)7.to fail to do something that would have been helpful or honest (omit)8.very expensive, and therefore available only to people who have a lot of money (exclusive)9.difficult or impossible to exist or do something without (indispensable)10.to trick someone by behaving in a dishonest way (deceive)If you’re going to study in the UK, a bank account is (1) indispensible. That’s because for (2) transactions involving large sums of money you need to pay by bank transfer, or by cheque. It’s (3) fairly obvious you can’t carry large amounts of cash around with you all the time. So you need to choose a bank. And that’s not easy, because these days you hear more (4) complaints than appreciation of the services they provide. They all spend a lot of money on (5) publicity trying to attract students, whom they see as an investment for their own future. Some of them offer (6) exclusive free gifts like designer T-shirts or stylish pens to secure your custom. But don’t be (7) deceived by these offers. A (8) contented customer is someone who knows they can rely on their bank to (9) notify them when conditions change, and not to (10) omit to tell them when interest rates on overdrafts or credit card repayments have been increased.Unit 51.in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see (decidedly)2.the reason that you do something (motive)3.main, or most important (principal)4.with qualities thought to be typical of men (masculine)5.to criticize something, or to suggest it is not good enough for you (sniff)6.lively or active (animated)When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffed at the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedly male-dominated world? They argued. But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Rather than change to fit the programme –there is nothing (4) masculine about her –she created a new, more modern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy and rather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is (6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day’s top matches.。
新标准大学英语综合教程4__课后答案
应Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of〞is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, Icould use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up〞after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.〔☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
新标准大学英语4课后答案
新标准大学英语4课后答案新标准大学英语4课后答案【篇一：全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)课后全答案】t ii reading taskcomprehensionpossible answers to content questions1. it refers to the raw, bitter, bleak russian winter.2. he expected the conquest of russia in five weeks.3. instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. they let the russian winter fight the war for them while they bided their time.4. napoleon discovered that the occupation of the city was an empty victory because the russians fled their capital leaving him almost nothing at all.5. they suffered heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and the russians hit-and-run attacks.6. napoleon abdicated and went into exile.7. hitler began his invasion of the soviet union on june 22, 1941 without a declaration of war. he expected the campaign to last no longer than three months by using the so-called lightning war tactics.8. no, he wasnt. he instructed the russian people to scorch the earth in front of the german invaders.9. the people of leningrad refused to surrender and put up a heroic, stiff resistance.10. an early, severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed down the german advance on moscow.11. the loss of the battle for stalingrad turned the tide againsthitler. the german victories were over.12. the author concludes that the elements of nature must be reckoned with in anymilitary campaign.text organization1.parts paragraphs main ideaspart one paras 1-2 introduction —both napoleons and hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the russian winter.part two paras 3 -11 napoleons military campaign against russiapart three paras 12-20 hitlers military campaign against the soviet union.part four para 21 conclusion —the elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.sections paragraphs main ideassection one paras 12 -13 hitlers blitzkrieg against russia and stalins scorched-earth policy.section two paras 14 -18 the battles fought at leningrad, moscow and stalingrad. section three paras 19-20 the russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war. language sense enhancement1.1) the fierce resistance 2) the long march3) the devastating enemy 4) bleak5) launched 6) military might7) mowed down 8) campaign9) a painful lesson 10) the aidvocabularyi.1.1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2.1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3.1) the rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike.3) sara has made up her mind that her leisure interestswill/should never get in the way of her career.4) obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) the introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out ofdate/obsolete.4.1) being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.3) the red army fought a heroic battle at stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the germans. in fact, this battle turned the tide in the second world war. during this famous battle, the soviet troops withstood the german siege and weakened the german army by launching a series of counterattacks.ii.1 during the first world war, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of france and belgium .2 elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3 i spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4 pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and i wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.iii.1 fall ill2 lay dead at home for two weeks3 dropped dead from a heart attack4 fell asleep.5 marrying young6 to sit still for longer than a few minutescomprehensive exercisesi. cloze1．1) invasion 2) stand in the way3) conquest 4) catching (stalin) off his guard5) launching 6) declaration7) campaign 8) drag on9) reckon with 10) bringing (the german advance) to a halt2．1) allow 2) reckoned 3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage 9) observing 10) powerfulii. translation1.1) mr. doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2) we must not underestimate the enemy. they are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3) having been out of a job/not having had a job for 3 months, phil is getting increasingly desperate.4) sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.【篇二：新标准大学英语综合教程4课后翻译1-10单元】if you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do i find?try as i might to stay cheerful, all i ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. it’s just so expensive out here! everyone wants a slice off you. the inland revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before i’ve had anything to eat. and then some bright spark calls me out ofthe blue, asking if i’m interested in buyi ng a pension. and this rate, i won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till i’m 60.依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么美好。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案
综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn –then a recession –meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won‟t findemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees areawardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into twosubc ategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the gr eat increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforet hem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work – this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when people “grunt” they exp ress disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I workedmy backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic –comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken‟ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant. Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son‟s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events –at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn‟thave a job and doesn‟t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt. (Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents‟ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn‟t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn‟t get a job (or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being …too detached‟ and talking in la nguage that was …too technocratic‟, which I didn‟t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can‟t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don‟t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a co mprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6) He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and don‟t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve of emotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents‟ money unnecessarily, nor let the proble m take away all their energy andemotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn‟t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn‟t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn‟t easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn‟t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn‟t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there onc e but he didn‟t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn‟t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack‟s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack‟s pare nts helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there‟s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say that Jack‟s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after the trip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they haven‟t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say ab out Jack‟s parents?(a) They have not really understood Jack‟s problems.(No, she doesn‟t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life too comfortable. This doesn‟t mean they haven‟t understood Jack‟s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn‟t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn‟t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No, we don‟t know from the pas sage if any of them did this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we don‟t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn‟t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he‟s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn‟t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don‟t want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or(b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feela senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or(b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is ad dressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduateson”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? Is it a fair de scription?This is the writer‟s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn‟t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work – it is just t hat they don‟t like their parents nagging them. So they are a bit rebelliousagainst their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggestabout Jack‟s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waitingandwithout trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn‟t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin‟s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn‟t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic andtakes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield‟s point of view affect ed by her own personal experience?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerialphotographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, thenthey can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub‟s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street,just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and eveningcustomers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (TheQueen‟s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often includecolours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditionaltrades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoesor darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go round to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub).Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People canplay games –such as darts, cards, dominoes –in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information)The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it‟s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don‟t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss oruseless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice? (Para 11)What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking back after all these yea rs, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed. (Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity. Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree?(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury?(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary?(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn‟t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her ￡20,000?(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money?(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the 2008 stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan?(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.W hat do we know about the writer‟s:1 family background?Her mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her education but couldn‟t afford any further support. Her father wasn‟t around most of the time. He didn‟t have any money because he spent it ongambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a student?She had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School ofEconomics.3 ambition?She wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use herdegree.4 appreciation of other people?She appreciated Mike‟s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a niceperson; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love life?We do n‟t know much about this, except that she doesn‟t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they areimmature.6 financial expertise?It must be quite good: She invested the ￡20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibility?She has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of life?She believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone‟s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practicereading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair toperform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I‟m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it‟s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn‟tneed to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don‟t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn‟t much after they‟d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she‟ll get a good degree, but I wouldn‟t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If so mething is not all it‟s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the。
新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译
Unit 15 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But(2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The(6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business h as done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think tel ling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honestyLanguage in usetry as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to f ill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying. Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work. Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until t omorrow. Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow. Unit 2Active reading (1)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.When I lived in Britain, one of my favourite radio programmes was called “Desert Island Discs”. Theformat was always the same: Guest celebrities were asked to imagine they had been washed ashore on adesert island, and had to choose nine books – (1) excluding the Bible and Shakespeare, which they werealready provided with – to take with them to the island, to help them (2) withstand the physical and mentalisolation. I sometimes like to think which books I would take. (3) Normally, like most people, I don’thave much time for reading, and I could (4) cite dozens of books which I have never read but which Iwould like to. It’s an opportunity I have (5) awaited all my life, in fact. But what would I choose? Mostlynovels, probably, but I wouldn’t (6) neglect to include a volume or two of poetry. My first choice, I think,woul d be Tolstoy’s War and Peace. I’ve never read it, but I’m ready to believe that it is one of the mostmarvelous books ever written.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 In a good novel, the writer and reader communicate with each other. (interact)2 I have to face up to the problem sooner or later. (confront)3 I read the book in one sitting and Mary did too. (likewise)4 E. M. Forster was one of the most important and respected British novelists of the 20th century.(influential)5 Do you believe that a work of literature can actually lead to social changes? (induce)6 Robert Burns was a great poet who wrote in the language variety spoken in Scotland. (dialect)7 The Time Traveller’s Wife is the story of a man who has a strange and inexplicable genetic disorder.(mysterious)4 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.A Professor Ridgeway, you’ve just written a biography of the poet Shelley, who (1) drowned off the coast of Italy in 1822 in a sailing accident. As you remind us in the introduction, people’s lives have been(2) enriched by poetry for thousands of years. What (3) recommendation could you make to a young poet who is just beginning their career?B That they should always (4) strive to be themselves, and not to worry about (5) originality. Once they’ve found their own voice, it will be original in its own way, because everyone is unique.A So you don’t believe in the (6) classifications which label poets as “romantic” or “modernist” and so on?B I do, but they have limited value.A What do you think is the main (7) obstacle facing young poets today?B I think it is to accept that you cannot be productive all the time. A poet’s mind is never (8) idle and waiting for the right moment is part of the creative process. All other problems are relative, and can be (9) tackled when you get to them. Language in useword formation: -ousinfinitive / gerund as the subject of a sentence2 Complete the sentences using infinitive or gerund as the subject. Usually both forms are possible, but you should be able to justify your choice.1 Getting up early in the morning gives me more time to organize the day.(To express an everyday activity)2 To write a best-seller has always been my dream.(This is a bit more abstract or a far-away grand idea)3 Forgetting to take back a library book may not seem serious, but it causes problems for other students.(To express a normal activity for many people)4 To spend a lot of time reading in one’s c hildhood can bring rewards later in life. (Use the more abstract form for an important idea)5 To be or not to b e, that is the question.(In Shakespeare this can be interpreted as a grand idea, so he uses the formal way; if you say, ‘Being or not being…’ i s may be more immediate and seems normal – but in Hamlet the situation is not normal)such is / are …3 Rewrite the sentences using such is / are …1 Good writing is so powerful that the reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them.The reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them. Such is the power of good writing.2 The novel Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is so charming that you can’t put it down even for a moment.You can’t put Salmon Fishing in the Yemen down even for a moment. Such is t he charm of the novel.3 Travel is such a pleasure that you may end up living in another country.You may end up living in another country. Such is the pleasure of travel.4 The sense of confusion in this film is so great that you may feel you want to leave before the end.You may feel you want to leave before the end. Such is the sense of confusion in this film.5 The difficulties of translation are so enormous that much of the meaning is lost. Much of the meaning is lost. Such is the enormity of the difficulties of translation. if / whether it be …4 Rewrite the sentences using if / whether it be …1 Is it the right time to start this kind of project? Ask yourself carefully.Ask yourself carefully whether it be the right time to start this kind of project.2 Is it the first edition of Dr Johnson’s Dictionary? I very much doubt it.I very much doubt if this be the first edition of Dr Johnson’s Dictionary.3 Is it common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this? I’m not sure.I am not sure if it be common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this.4 Is it necessary to produce any documents when making an application? Perhaps we should inquire.Perhaps we should inquire whether it be necessary to produce any documents when making anapplication.5 Is it the right way to tackle the problem? I doubt it.I doubt if it be the right way to tackle the problem.Unit 35 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.At a time of global (1) crisis, when stock markets are falling across the world, we should never(2) underestimate the ability of fashion designers to surprise us by bringing sunshine into people’s lives, and avoiding the (3) predominant trend of gloom and pessimism. This is certainly true of the fashion industry in Brazil. In 2009, when the effects of the financial situation were (4) visible almost everywhere, top designers launched a (5) daring new collection combining high hemlines, low necklines, and lots of colour. As one commentator wrote, “You can call it a (6) courageous decision if you like, but it’s also a question of Brazilians doing what comes naturally to them.”6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 If we don’t act soon, the situation will get worse. (deteriorate)2 I’m afraid my trousers got torn when I tried to climb over that fence. (ripped)3 You need thick pieces of material on your knees and elbows if you go rollerblading. (pads)4 Access to the show is limited to journalists with press passes. (restricted)5 The Dow Jones list of stocks and shares fell another 40 points yesterday. (index)6 That was the most worrying piece of news I’d heard in a long time. (unsettling) 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.1 To celebrate our engagement we had dinner in the best restaurant in Paris.2 The lamp was suspended from an iron hook in the middle of the ceiling.3 Someone needs to think about the disposal of all these waste products.4 I’ve been asked to preside at next week’s meeting of the recycling committee.5 The luminous object on the table turned out to be made of diamond.6 I could spend hours here, just watching the seagulls flying past and the tides coming in and going out.7 When she walked into the restaurant she was wearing an absolutely stunning diamond necklace.8 The President is likely to propose a stimulus plan that he believes will help revive the US economy.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words.1 I had a period of time as a volunteer before getting a job in the jewellery trade. (stint)2 You shouldn’t just throw that rubbish into the river! (chuck)3 It’s sheer stupid and careless behaviour to go on using up the earth’s resources as we are doing.(negligence)4 I looked carefully at the horizon, but couldn’t see anyone coming towards me. (scoured)5 I think the accident was due to the driver’s lack of care. (folly)6 The removal of minerals from the earth is usually an expensive and dangerous task. (extraction)7 The red kite is one of the most rarely seen birds in the country. (elusive) Language in useword formation: over –2 Replace the underlined words with verbs beginning with over- . You may need to make other changes.1 I think you have made too big an estimate for the cost of the wedding. (overestimated)2 They charged me too much money for that ring! (overcharged)3 I slept too much last night and missed the flight to London. (overslept)4 The flowers in her garden had grown everywhere. (overgrown)5 It’s difficult to emphasiz e too greatly the importance of the fashion industry. (overemphasize)6 I’ve got indigestion. I’ve eaten too much. (overeaten)see3 Rewrite the sentences using see .1 In 1987 there was a major stock market crash.1987 saw a major stock market crash.2 The early 1980s was a period of steady economic growth.The early 1980s saw a period of steady economic growth.3 Long hair made a brief return in the 1990s.The 1990s saw a brief return to long hair.4 On the first day of the sales there were hundreds of people queuing in the streets. The first day of the sales saw hundreds of people queuing in the streets.5 There was great technological change during our grandparents’ generation.Our grandparents’ generation saw a great technological change.5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.If you’re going to study in the UK, a bank account is (1) indispensible. That’s because for (2) transactions involving large sums of money you need to pay by bank transfer, or by cheque. It’s (3) fairly obvious you can’t carry large amounts of cash around with you all the time. So you need to choose a bank. And that’s not easy, because these days you hear more (4) complaints than appreciation of the services they provide. They all spend a lot of money on (5) publicity trying to attract students, whom they see as an investment for their own future. Some of them offer (6) exclusive free gifts like designer T-shirts or stylish pens to secure your custom. But don’t be (7) deceived by these offers. A (8) contented customer is someone who knows they can rely on their bank to (9) notify them when conditions change, and not to (10) omit to tell them when interest rates on overdrafts or credit card repayments have been increased.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 My car is very inexpensive to run – it uses LPG instead of petrol. (economical)2 When I saw Brian in his new sports car I felt a bit unhappy that he had something which I didn’t have.(jealous)3 Our relationship is not serious or deep; we just say hello to each other when we meet, and that’s it.(superficial)4 You’re likely to have a lot of repayments to make if you go on spending like that. (liable)5 I like this coffee. It has a rather different and easy-to-recognize taste. (distinctive)6 We have exchanged a number of letters about the best way to pay back the debt. (correspondence)7 The important thing is to exercise some self-control when using a credit card. (restraint)8 It reminds me of that lovely story about the evil giant who turns out to be afraid of his own shadow.(delightful; wicked)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 Ken Hu is now an executive in a company which specializes in giving advice to private investors.2 Although the programme was compatible with my computer, the instructions were written in code, so I was unable to understand anything.3 It is obviously an asset to a marriage if each spouse has a sensible attitude towards money.4 Let’s try to create a more prosperous future by planning ahead and agreeing on mutual goals.5 We are intimate friends, but I don’t know how many savings they have in the bank. Language in use2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs you formed in Activity 1.1 I’m afraid I can’t cash this for you, it hasn’t been signed.2 Did you expect them to gift you the computer instead of getting you to pay for it?3 After the match they bussed us all home.4 I will text you as soon as I get to the station.5 She handed me a copy of the report before the start of the meeting.6 I advise you to bank all that money lying on your desk.7 I’m exhausted. I’ve spent the whole of this week partying and having a good time. prone / liable / subject + to3 Rewrite the sentences using prone / liable / subject + to .More than one choice is possible here, depending on how you understand a likely context. After all, they are similar in use and meaning but different choices are highly likely in certain contexts.1 The train is often delayed on Sunday evenings.The train is liable to delays on Sunday evenings. (There are staffing problems at weekends, especially on Sunday evenings.) T he train is subject to delays on Sunday evenings. (There are particular regulations about Sunday travel.)2 Zak is a child who often has accidents.Zak is a child who is prone to accidents. (They are not his fault, he just seems accident-prone.)Zak is liable to have accidents. (He is careless and just doesn’t listen to advice about safety.)3 She frequently gets headaches.She is prone to headaches. (She will see a doctor to see if there is a medical reason but we don’t know the cause yet.) She is liable to get headaches. (Because those young children next door make so much noise.)4 The loan requires a check on your financial situation.The loan is subject to a check on your financial situation. (This is a legal requirement or a company regulation.)5 Joe is a person who often arrives late.Joe is liable to arrive late. (That’s Joe for you; you k now him – never even tries to arrive on time!)Joe is prone to arrive late. (He lives near the river and the road is often flooded during this season so he may have to go by another route which takes much longer.)6 She may well break the rules in order to get what she wants.S he is liable to break the rules to get what she wants. (She doesn’t care about rules and she is rather selfish and ambitious.)collocations5 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 We were pushed out of the market by the tough competition.2 All he really wants is a steady job to provide him with a regular income.3 You made a smart decision when you left that company.4 He’s been having a rather tough time lately, since he lost his job.5 We use smart technology throughout the building. Everything is controlled by a central computer.6 You’ve made a really valuable contribution to our organization, and we will miss you.7 She gave me the most valuable advice about investments that I have ever had.8 There is a dress code in most banks, and you will be expected to wear smart clothes.9 Theirs is a very steady relationship. I expect they’ll get married quite soon.6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffedat the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedly male-dominated world? They argued.But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Ratherthan change to fit the programme – there is nothing (4) masculine about her – she created a new, moremodern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy and rather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is (6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day’s top matches.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to make other changes.1 Cultural and intellectual programmes tend to be broadcast very late in the evening. (highbrow)2 At the beginning I was very shy, but I soon got to know everyone and made friends. (initially)3 The course I enjoyed most when I was studying linguistics was the one on the relationship betweenwords and meanings. (semantics)4 To find out more about English as a world language, we need reliable people who are able to giveinformation. (informants)5 She sent me a bunch of roses when I got the job, and I did the same when she got promoted.(reciprocated)6 For some men there is still a feeling of embarrassment and unease about taking orders from a femalesuperior. (stigma)7 After the goal was disallowed, most of the words I could hear were swear words. (expletives)8 You can’t speak like that to someone you don’t know. It’s a matter of rules of social behaviour. (etiquette)9 Only after a very careful and time-consuming editing will this book be ready for publication.(exhaustive)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 Melanie got to her feet and made a eloquent defence of the rights of women in the workplace.2 There are a number of words in English, such as people, which although technically in the singular form, in actual fact denote a plural meaning.3 The dark suit is a staple of the businessman’s wardrobe, and I presume it will remain so for a long time.4 The hostile reception he got at the meeting is likely to undermine all the work that has been done recently to improve relations between staff and management.5 Jason suffered multiple injuries in the accident, and we didn’t want to entrust an inexperienced surgeon with the operation.6 I think that most world leaders in the next century will be women, but don’t quote me on that.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to make other changes.1 Don’t forget to put on a bit of lipstick and mascara before you go out. (make-up)2 The candidate displayed a lack of seriousness which we felt was not appropriate to the position he was applying for. (frivolousness)3 I need to check my free dates in March before I can confirm whether I shall be able to attend the conference. (availability)4 He has an attractive smile which people find hard to resist. (alluring)5 This list of participants needs to be put into alphabetical order. (alphabetized)6 The first person officially suggested as general secretary had to withdraw due to ill health. (nominee)7 After the first remarks offering congratulations the atmosphere at the prize-giving ceremony turned sour. (congratulatory)8 The speaker made a comment which I found unfriendly and which meant the opposite of what he really meant. (sarcastic)Language in usesay + something / nothing / a lot etc about1 Rewrite the sentences using say + something / nothing / a lot etc about .1 The boots she wears give a lot of information about her.The boots she wears say a lot about her.2 The way he talks about other people gives an indication of his personality.The way he talks about other people says something about his personality.3 The way she behaves doesn’t give any indication of her previous career.The way she behaves says nothing about her previous career.4 This statement is very revealing about the organization’s attitude to women. This statement says a lot about the organization’s attitude to women.5 This type of task gives some idea about the structure of the final examination. This type of task says something about the structure of the final examination.on + gerund2 Rewrite the sentences using on + gerund.1 When they checked the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.On checking the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.2 When she was asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.On being asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.3 When we investigated more completely, we made an important discovery.On investigating more completely, we made an important discovery.4 When they heard the news, most people reacted with offers to help.On hearing the news, most people reacted with offers to help.5 When people are accused of a crime t hey haven’t committed, most of them don’t know how to react.On being accused of a crime they haven’t committed, most people don’t know how to react.6 Complete the sentences with the collocations in Activity 5.1 Both of us have rather conservative tastes, so we’re unlikely to buy modern furniture.2 I’m afraid these bonds are worth a lot less than their face value.3 It’s not easy to find the correct tone in which to speak to new customers.4 I like wearing bright colours; I think they reflect my outgoing personality.5 Yesterday’s lecture was on such a highbrow subject that I couldn’t get interested.6 Why do they put such heavy make-up on people in television studios?7 The popular belief that men don’t cry is nonsense.7 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 6. Churchill believed that he was (1) destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War Iand led the country to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such (2) renown as Churchill could not count on the (3) loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a (4) democratic country, electors cannot be (5) bullied,and he had to (6)tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went once more to his country (7) retreat, Chartwell.8 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.可编辑1 His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered. (surpassed)2 The situation can only get worse; it will never improve. (degenerate)3 Although he was a rich man, his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition. (shabby)4 He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier. (swapped)5 At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Churchill to lead the country. (onset)6 Churchill drank a lot of alcohol. (liquor)7 Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle of Gallipoli. (make amends)Language in usethanks to …1 Rewrite the sentences using thanks to …1 Because of Churchill’s leadership and example, we showed courage and determination. Thanks to Churchill’s leadership and example, we showed courage and determination.2 Because of their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.Thanks to their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.3 At school he was bullied because of his lisp, stammer and ill-health.At school he was bullied thanks to his lisp, stammer and ill-health.4 Because of his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero. Thanks to his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero.5 Because of school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wanted to bea general.Thanks to school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wanted to be a general.6 He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty because of the disaster at Gallipoli. He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty thanks to the disaster at Gallipoli.7 Because of his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression.Thanks to his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression.8 Because of his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.Thanks to his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government..精品文档，欢迎下载。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案
包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university First, get off the sofa Background informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn – then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates whomight be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t fin demployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into two subcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work –this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when peop le “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students togetherwhether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic–comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events – at graduation thesememories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’thave a job and doesn’t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” bef ore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably thefather is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as nor mal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate. (This may be true but the passage does not mention this.) (d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening. (All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lin denfield say about Jack’s parents(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems.(No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfortable. This doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No, we don’t know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants. (No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives. (This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of thewords in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a coup le of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) ina kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subjectReading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job” Who is asking this question What mood does it expressThe parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduateson”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause” Is it a fair descriptionThis is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work – it is just that th ey don’t like their parents nagging them. So they are a bit rebelliousagainst their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggestabout Jack’s characterIt suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting andwithout trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what Why are quotation marks usedProbably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experienceIn one way her experi ence hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic andtakes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her own personal experienceHer personal experience was that she worked in a bar beforefinding her first proper job as an aerialphotographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parentsThe first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, thenthey can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street,just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and eveningcustomers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (TheQueen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often includecolours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditionaltrades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoesor darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go ro und to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub).Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People canplay games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information)The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1) In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired(exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss oruseless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice (Para 11) What are the chances that someone would be so nice The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking back after all these years, you only n eed one or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her ￡20,000(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the 2008 stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family backgroundHer mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her education but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it ongambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a studentShe had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School ofEconomics.3 ambitionShe wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use herdegree.4 appreciation of other peopleShe appreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a niceperson; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love lifeWe don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t likeboys to hassle her. She thinks they areimmature.6 financial expertiseIt must be quite good: She invested the ￡20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibilityShe has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of lifeShe believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or countryborrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practicereading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair toperform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’tneed to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you doB I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of moneyB No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned inmy part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bitdisappointing2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or(b) part of your plan5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest。
新标准大学英语综合教程4__课后答案
应 Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university First, get off the sofa Reading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt m y leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or(b) more active than usual4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without makinga decision5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressingyourself (a) well, or (b) badly6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subjectActive reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows,usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you doB I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of moneyB No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview mustbe quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel(a) stressed, or (b) relaxed4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or(b) part of your plan5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that(a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almostby chance6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happierReading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I findThis shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and arhetorical question to the reader (What do I find)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to thereader (When will they grow up)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he reall y did seem to have three hands. Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view(a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully(a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond. Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, s he doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank. Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job. Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced. She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard. She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise. collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your careerI would like the highlight of my student career to be to receivea national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a textYou can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football matchThe highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loanNo, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loanIt is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with itYou have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climateIn a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflictIt is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I findTry as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobilebills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
新标准大学英语综合教程4__课后答案
应Key to book4 unit1—4Unit 1Active reading （1）Looking for a job after university？First，get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions。
1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events （proceed）2 the process of changing from one situation，form or state to another （transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way （detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon （upcoming）5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving （revert）7 to say what happened （recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the （1）transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to （3) proceed。
新标准大学英语综合教程4Unit-text-1-10-答案
Unit 11 embellish2 upcoming3 highlight4 exceeds5 fraught6 concise7 apathy8 recounted 9gamble 10 demanding 11 repay 12 clutched 13 redirect 14 transition 15 thriving 16 deduct 17 revert 18 overdo 19 investors 20 comprehensive21 up 22 through 23 if 24 down 25 for 26 by 27 on 28 to 29 in 30 outYour answer Correct answer(31) slump slump(32) proceed aimless(33) landlord landlord(34) client client(35) hassle hassle(36) loan loan(37) honesty honesty(38) sympathetically sympathize(39) financially financially(40) Fortunately Fortunately CabddUnit 21.Can we foregothe formalities and get right down to business?Your answer Correct answerforego forego2.The actress spoke in such a heavy northern dialectthat I could barely understand her.Your answer Correct answerdialect dialect3.There's nothing left to do now butawaitYour answer Correct answerawait await4.I love going on vacation, but I always drownin a sea of work when I return.Your answer Correct answer drown drown5.After three huge successes, George became one of the most drownpeople inHollywood.Your answer Correct answerdrown influential6.There have been far too many mysteriousdisappearances in this town for my taste.Your answer Correct answer mysterious mysterious7.It drives me crazy that Steve can sit around and be idlewhen there's so much work todo!Your answer Correct answeridle idle8.His shifty eyes and smarmy personality do little to fostera trustworthy character.Your answer Correct answer foster foster9.She normallybrings her lunch to work, but today she decided to eat out.Your answer Correct answernormally normally10.The classificationof alcohol as an illegal drug will only make the problem worse.Your answer Correct answerclassification classification11. excludeexclude exclude12.It's difficult for someone of his statureto go out in public unrecognized.Your answer Correct answer stature stature13.My interview with a panel of professors is the only obstacleleft before I earn my degree.Your answer Correct answer obstacle obstacle14.After years of neglect, the old house on the corner was finally torn down. Your answer Correct answer neglect neglect15.If you want to write a book about traveling in Europe, it's advantageousto have actuallybeen there before.Your answer Correct answeradvantageous advantageous16.I'm going to invest my money in Microsoft, and I strongly suggest you do likewise.Your answer Correct answer likewise likewise17.It is critical to citeyour sources when you make an argument. Your answer Correct answer cite cite18.This month's bestselling novel has a(n) originalitythat is rarely seen in literature.Your answer Correct answer originality originality19.It's difficult to interactwith people if you don't speak the same language.interact interact20.It's common for politicians to use almost anything as ammunitionagainst their opponents.Your answer Correct answerammunition ammunition Section B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21.The toughest thing about moving away was when I had to part withmy book collection.Your answer Correct answer with with22.The spring season, asit were, doesn't really exist here since we go straight from winterinto summer.Your answer Correct answeras as23.Please leave me alone; I'm simply looking forsome peace and quiet.Your answer Correct answer for for24.After looking at his old pictures, James longed togo back to China.Your answer Correct answer to to25.Just tell me the truth and don't toy withmy emotions!Your answer Correct answerwith with26. outher biological parents after she found out she was adopted.out out27. Forthe most part, I think the kids enjoyed our vacation this year.Your answer Correct answerFor For28.She picks up some extra money by being a tour guide bythe side.Your answer Correct answer by on29.I think the reason we're such good friends is because we have so much incommon.Your answer Correct answer in in30.If you learn to look atthis class as an opportunity, you might not be so miserable.Your answer Correct answerat uponPart II: Banked ClozeYour answer Correct answer(31) recommendation recommendation(32) adventurer adventurer(33) stereotypical stereotypical(34) gratuitous gratuitous(35) confront confront(36) indubitably enlightenment(37) sacrifice sacrifice(38) undoing undoing(39) desperately desperately(40) tackle tackleBdbcaUnit 3Acbda cbdba acbda bcadc out to off into down upon after up away aroundYour answer Correct answer(31) glamorous glamorous(32) individuality individuality(33) credentials credentials(34) stunning stunning(35) daring daring(36) superficial superficial(37) lavish lavish(38) exclusively exclusively(39) unstable inescapable(40) lure lureDaccdUnit 41.We've been living in maritalbliss ever since our wedding.Your answer Correct answer marital marital2.Sandra is going to study overseasin Asia next semester.Your answer Correct answeroverseas overseas3. alignwith material students are learning in the classroom.Your answer Correct answer align align4.The lawyer spent all week trying to compileevidence against the suspect.Your answer Correct answer compile compile5.We can't afford to lose Thomas—he's our most indispensableemployee.Your answer Correct answer indispensable indispensable6.Even though it was only a(n) superficialwound, the cut was incredibly painful.Your answer Correct answer superficial superficial7.Lori is an expert at using lies and flattery to deceivethe people around her and get whatshe wants.Your answer Correct answerdeceive deceive8.My puppy is notorious for the patheticlooks he gives when he's hungry.Your answer Correct answer pathetic pathetic9.Please notifythe police if you see anything suspicious.Your answer Correct answernotify notify10.Unfortunately, the new regulations aren't compatiblewith the law, so they'll need tochange.Your answer Correct answercompatible compatible Dbdba bcdac 21-30 down out from out on in down by into upYour answer Correct answer(31) wicked wicked(32) desirable desirable(33) devastating devastating(34) abject abject(35) greed greed(36) jealous jealous(37) prone prone(38) naturally naturally(39) yearn yearn(40) unrealistic unrealistic CbadbUnit 5.The poet gave an incredibly eloquentspeech and brought many people to tears.Your answer Correct answer eloquent eloquent2.What's the proper etiquetterequired for eating dinner with a prince?Your answer Correct answer etiquette etiquette3.My daughter shows a(n) intellectualcuriosity not usual for someone so young.Your answer Correct answerintellectual intellectual4.I like the debate team at school because we always have suchanimatedYour answer Correct answeranimated animated5.What's your availabilityto go fishing next weekend?Your answer Correct answer availability availability6.Her brother wasentrustedwith their father's fortune after he passed away. Your answer Correct answer entrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through much of her life feeling like there was a(n)stigmaconnected to her skin color.Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8.Don't question my decisions and underminemy authority in front of the other employees!Your answer Correct answer undermine undermine9.It's obvious that Kevin has amazing linguisticabilities since he's fluent in sixlanguages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguistic10.The final score of the game was 20-3, making it a(n) decidedlyunfair competition.Your answer Correct answerdecidedly decidedlyCdabc abbdc with off as than without that over out into aboutYour answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) myriad myriad(33) masculine masculine(34) matriarchal matriarchal(35) presume presume(36) revealing revealing(37) feminism feminism(38) disqualifies disqualifies(39) quote quote(40) singular singular BdabcUnit 61.Our office building luckily had a(n) auxiliarypower supply to use when the electricitywent out.Your answer Correct answerauxiliary auxiliary2.There's not much of a(n) selectionfor the year's best movie, but there are a few goodones.Your answer Correct answerselection selection3.Unfortunately, she's had a(n) relapseand her cancer has reappeared.Your answer Correct answerrelapse relapse4. Soldiers in the military quickly learn that their superior officers are often not verytolerantYour answer Correct answertolerant tolerant5.During wartime, there's usually a surge in nationalismas people rally together tosupport a common cause.Your answer Correct answernationalism nationalism6.I've never had a friend quite so loyalas my dog Rex.Your answer Correct answer loyal loyal7.Mr. Sanford, I love your daughter and I'd like to ask for your permission to proposetoher.Your answer Correct answerpropose propose8.We hired a company to come in and eradicatethe mice from our basement.Your answer Correct answer eradicate eradicate9.The teacher slowly lost control of her students and let the class degenerateinto a chaosof voices.Your answer Correct answerdegenerate degenerate 10. If you see anything suspicious, please report it immediately to one of theuniformedpolice officers.Your answer Correct answeruniformed uniformed11. motto"Work hard, play hard."Your answer Correct answermotto motto12.The law states that people younger than 21 cannot drink beer, wine, or liquor.Your answer Correct answer liquor liquor13.Celebrities are often subject to the tyrannyof public opinion, increasing and decreasingin popularity every day.Your answer Correct answertyranny tyranny14.Last Saturday, we stood in line for an hour to get a cone from the ice cream vendor.Your answer Correct answer vendor vendor15.College students usually begin their first year with orientationactivities so they arefamiliar with their new environment.Your answer Correct answerorientation orientation16. Historiansusually disagree about who they think the greatest world leader of all time is.Your answer Correct answerHistorians Historians17.If you'd like to disputethe charges, please call the phone number for complaints. Your answer Correct answerdispute dispute18.The renownedphysicist earned even more recognition when he won the Nobel Prize.Your answer Correct answerrenowned renowned19. insightYour answer Correct answerinsight insight20. After ten long years of holding a grudge against him, I think it's finally time to makeamends.Your answer Correct answeramends amendsSection B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21.Why did you interview for that job inthe first place?Your answer Correct answer in in22.Oh my goodness, these photos date backto my college days.Your answer Correct answer back back23.After our dog destroyed the living room couch, we packed him offto obedienceschool.Your answer Correct answeroff off24.As soon as five o'clock rolled around, Maria took offand went home.Your answer Correct answer off off25.The book can be summed upin one word: boring.Your answer Correct answer up up26.Can you get meoutof this assignment?Your answer Correct answer out out27.The researchers were onthe brink of a major discovery.Your answer Correct answer on on28.My ankle is still sore, so I'm afraid I'm going to have to sit outthis game.Your answer Correct answer out out29.The spare bedroom doubles asmy home office.Your answer Correct answer as as30.The presidents talked about, withoutother things, the peace treaty between theircountries.Your answer Correct answerwithout amongYour answer Correct answer(31) lamentable lamentable(32) democracy democracy(33) fallacy fallacy(34) authenticity authenticity(35) unhesitatingly unhesitatingly(36) decipher decipher(37) archaeology archaeology(38) offensive offensive(39) fragment fragment(40) destiny destiny CabdbUnit 7Cbdca bdadc accdb abdacOff of up in to down with as back awayYour answer Correct answer(31) orchard orchard(32) synonymous synonymous(33) territory territory(34) howling howling(35) creak creak(36) gang gang(37) conquer conquer(38) incredible incredible(39) Satisfactory Ironically(40) cease cease AcdbcUnit 81.There is absolutely no logicto her behavior—it's completely random.Your answer Correct answer logic logic2.The answers he gave had just enough ambiguityto make me doubt his honesty.Your answer Correct answerambiguity ambiguity3. loftyideals and romantic outlook on life.Your answer Correct answer lofty lofty4.There was a stage set up in the plazabetween the buildings for the music festival.Your answer Correct answer plaza plaza5.The complexityof his argument confused and befuddled even the smartest people in theroom.Your answer Correct answercomplexity complexity6.Even though I have played chess for years, you still made a very worthy opponent.Your answer Correct answer opponent opponent7.Do you mean toimplythat you agreed with her crazy plan?Your answer Correct answer imply imply8.The review of his new book included a lot of criticismand not much praise.Your answer Correct answer criticism criticism9.Jacob was indignantand angry when he shouted, "How dare you accuse me of such acrime?"Your answer Correct answerindignant indignant10.We used to be best friends; it's inconceivablethat she could do anything to hurt me.Your answer Correct answer inconceivable inconceivable11.Are you familiar with the layoutof this office building?Your answer Correct answer layout layout12.The committee decided to erecta statue of the beloved president.Your answer Correct answer erect erect13.The scopeof the project is unmatched in the history of this company.Your answer Correct answerscope scope14.In terms of intelligence, this year's Nobel Prize winner transcendseveryone else in hisfield.Your answer Correct answertranscends transcends15.Einstein's intellectualprowess has been completely unmatched in history.Your answer Correct answerintellectual intellectual16.The museum hosted a special exhibitabout the age of dinosaurs.Your answer Correct answer exhibit exhibit17.I can't even contemplatea life without my children.Your answer Correct answer contemplate contemplate18.There's nothing like a beautiful sunset tostimulatework.Your answer Correct answerstimulate stimulate19.Come over here and help me hoistup this beam so we can support the ceiling.Your answer Correct answer hoist hoist20.At this point, any change will be a welcome improvementover the status quo.Your answer Correct answerimprovement improvement Section B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21.She made a vowthatshe wouldn't drink coffee anymore.Your answer Correct answer that that22.The documentary didn't dojustice to the situation in Africa.Your answer Correct answer do do23.If she can write the recommendation herself, then somuch the better.Your answer Correct answer so so24.His mother won the Nobel Prize, but he's an award-winning poet inhis own right.Your answer Correct answer in in25.Do you still feel any discomfort fromyour dislocated shoulder?Your answer Correct answer from from26.As mayor, I feel a huge sense ofcivic pride in our community.Your answer Correct answer of of27.It may sound unbelievable, but my wife and I experienced love atfirst sight.Your answer Correct answer at at28.We will see a moderate increase insalaries this year.Your answer Correct answer in in29.The speaker was completely surprised by the outburst ofemotion from the crowd.Your answer Correct answer of of30.Barbara will interpret forMiguel since he doesn't speak English.Your answer Correct answerfor forYour answer Correct answer(31) skyline skyline(32) aesthetically aesthetically(33) picturesque picturesque(34) fragile fragile(35) conform conform(36) sentiment sentiment(37) exquisite exquisite(38) prosperity prosperity(39) presumably presumably(40) interpret interpretCdbdaUnit 9Dbdac badad bcbad acbba in at on/upon to of for from with of alongYour answer Correct answer(31) ongoing ongoing(32) manipulate manipulate(33) illustrate illustrate(34) proficiency proficiency(35) blur blur(36) isolated isolated(37) purity purity(38) communal communal(39) globalization globalization(40) utopia utopia AbdddUnit 101.After the accident, Jeff was paralyzedfrom the waist down.Your answer Correct answer paralyzed paralyzed2.Marilyn Monroe is doubtlessthe most beautiful woman I've ever seen in a movie.Your answer Correct answer doubtless doubtless3.The hollowtree was home to an entire family of rabbits.Your answer Correct answerhollow hollow4.The bomb explosion completely annihilatedthe abandoned building.Your answer Correct answer annihilated annihilated5.Please don't confuse me with my predecessor; I don't tolerate mistakes or excuses.Your answer Correct answer predecessor predecessor6.The government decided to send troops and intervenein that country's civil war.Your answer Correct answer intervene intervene7.It's difficult to gaugehow many people will buy tickets since this is such a unique event. Your answer Correct answergauge gauge8.The differences may be subtle, but I certainly prefer this design over the previous one.Your answer Correct answersubtle subtle9. Since Mike was prepared to speak to Sally over the phone, her presence creates anunexpected complicationfor him.Your answer Correct answer complication complication10.The tables and chairs must be organized in exactly this configuration, so please payattention.Your answer Correct answerconfiguration configurationAcaba cdbad by through of to by on in of for ofYour answer Correct answer(31) verge verge(32) exploration exploration(33) geographical geographical(34) tropical tropical(35) longitude longitude(36) latitude latitude(37) grid grid(38) mileage mileage(39) lulled lulled(40) terrific terrific acbdb。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Background informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn – then a recession –meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who mightbe stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but also of a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates? Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% of young adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be active to seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t f indemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into twosubcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in NorthAmerica which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work –this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when pe ople “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parents of new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but thecomprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whetherthey were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic –comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events – at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’thave a job and doesn’t seem to be activel y seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnightintoa member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low stat us routing job).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probablywanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” b efore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off togo to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … b ut having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as n ormal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate. (This may be true but the passage does not mention this.) (d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for int erviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案
Unit 3Active reading (1)Background informationFashion is generally divided into subsectors: menswear, womenswear, sportswear and streetwear, hosiery (socks, tights, stockings), formal wear and casual wear. Fashion and the choice of what clothes we buy and wear is influenced by our beliefs, attitudes and personality. But this passage shows that the stock market can also be an influence.Culture pointsThe Californian gold rush (1848–1855) was a period of rapid migration of miners and other workersinto California following the dramatic discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada. It led to the settlement of California.Swinging London is a term that describes fashion and cultural trends in music and the media in mid-1960s Britain, especially London. Icons of the time included the miniskirt, the mini car, the first supermodels like Twiggy (who was famous for being very thin) andfashionable shopping streets for clothes (like Carnaby Street and Kings Road in London).The hippie movement began in the early 1960s in California and spread internationally. Hippies had a reputation for social rebellion (eg with drugs and sexual behaviour) and alternative lifestyles (eg in communes). They tried to find a new way of life which valued peace, individuality, and religious and culturaldiversity. The movement influenced popular music, TV and film, literature and the arts. Hippie fashions included long full skirts, bell-bottomed jeans, home-made and tie-dyed garments, the use of flower designs(which represented peace and love), and influences from non-Western cultures in headscarves, headbands, bracelets and long beaded necklaces.The punk period features fashions that expressed anger against society and included brightly coloured hair, ripped clothes and studded belts.The New Romantics was a youth fashion movement, developed in 1960s in London. It is strongly associatedwith music, which was inspired by historical periods, especially the English Romantic Movement. Fashions had a dramatic, flamboyant look with luscious fabrics, loose shirts with frills and short shirt collars, unfolded,with top buttons unfastened and using monotone colours. Power dressing is a stylish and perhaps expensive way of dressing (usually for business, the professionsor politics) which is intended to give the impression that the person wearing the clothes is assertive and competent, through the use of structured shapes, shoulder pads, smart fabrics, high heels and clean cut stylingin the form of work uniform. Whether wearing particular styles of clothing empowers the wearer or whether newly-empowered people simply wear clothes that reflect their achievements is an open question. Miami Vice was a classic 1980s TV crime drama about two detectives who go undercover to fight drug traffickers. The series – and the 2006 film – was noted for its strong use of music and visual effects; it hasbeen rebroadcast around the world. During the five years of making this TV series the producers explicitly sought the advice of designers (eg Gianni Versace, Hugo Boss) in order to display the latest Europeanfashion trends, with the result that Miami Vice had a significant influence on 1980s men’s fashion in the USAand elsewhere, and even on the 2000s revival (it was called “retro” or “retrospective style”). The clothingstyle of the TV detectives, Sonny Crockett and Rico Tubbs, had pastel coloured T-shirts and suits, no socks,sunglasses, and an unshaven appearance of a small amount of beard stubble.Heavy metal music is a kind of rock music that developed in the UK and USA in the late 1960s and early1970s, characterized by loudness, speed, distorted amplified sounds and extended guitar solos. Converse is a company which has produced basketball shoes since 1917, especially the Chuck Taylor All Stars trainers (often abbre viated to “Chucks” or “Cons”),named after the basketball player who contributedto the design and was the company’s best salesman. Nike is a leading supplier of sportswear and equipment. This American company started making Nike shoesin 1971. They are named after the Greek winged goddess of victory.The stock market indexes show the performance of the stock market, typically reflecting the rise and fall ofthe shares of large companies, eg the FTSE (also “footsie”) is an index of the top 100 companies lis ted on theLondon stock exchange and the Nikkei 225 is an index of the stock market in Tokyo.Language points1 No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constantfactors: the ubiquitous jeans and ... (para 1)The word ubiquitous means present everywhere. Thus the ubiquitous jeans means that jeans can befound everywhere.2 Exactly why women should want to expose more or less oftheir legs during periods of economicboom and bust remains a mystery.An economic boom is a sudden increase in trade, business activity and development in a particulararea or region; an economic bust is a business failure or bankruptcy because of lack of money.The expression economic boom and bust describes cycles in which a boom period of growth, highproduction and rising prices is followed by economic decline, contraction and unemployment before anew cycle.3 Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled ... (para 2) The economic outlook is unsettled means the economy is unstable, that is, the economy has problemsand is likely to change suddenly, making people uncertain about what may happen in the future.4 It was given greater respectability when the great French designer, Courrèges, developed it intoan item of high fashion. (para 4)For a while the miniskirt was controversial and not respectable because it showed a large extent of the wearer’s legs, but when Courrèges developed it inParis fashion shows, this gave approval and support, because the miniskirt could be considered an item of high fashion (having high status from a Paris fashion house).5 ... but the predominant colours became olive green and oatmeal. (para 10)Predominant colours refer to the most common colours or those which seem more important orpowerful.6 ... which were described by one commentator as “the prim and proper look is in …” (para 11)A fashion is in when it is a new or current style, or out when it is out-of-date.7 During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked off bya desire to identify people as belonging to a particularsub-culture. (para 14)During the whole period, there has been a wide range of different fashion styles, which were usually started by people’s wish to show their identity in a way that would make them distinct from the reset of society.Vocabulary supportThe following are some terms related to clothing that appear in the passage. Understanding of these terms may help with reading comprehension of the passage. Hemline refers to the bottom edge of a dress or skirt. It shows the length of women’s skirts and dresses –thislength changes according to fashion.Denim is a thick cotton cloth that is usually blue and is used especially to make jeans. The name comes from French De Nîmes (“from Nimes”, a cit y in the south France). Such cloth was made both in France and England in the 17th century.The word jeans comes from Genoa. Sailors from the17th-century republic of Genoa worked in France and wore trousers made of a mix of cotton, linen and / or wool which was made near Turin in Italy. Bleached jeans were also fashionable. They had been the fashion of the 17th-century sailors, whose trousers lost their colour when they were washed in sea water and were exposed to the sun. There are various different fits tojeans which include baggy, boot-cut, flares, wide leg, twisted and skinny jeans.Miniskirt is a very short skirt of mid-thigh length.A micro miniskirt is shorter, up to the upper thigh;a midiis a skirt with a moderate length below the knee, perhaps mid-calf length; a maxi is an ankle-length skirt.A pairs of tights is a piece of women’s clothing that tightly covers the feet and legs up to the waist; stockingsonly cover the feet and legs, and are held up with suspenders.Flare is a shape that becomes wider at one end. A flared “bell-bottom” style refers to trousers with flared legs– they get wider towards the foot and the end is even wider, like a bell.A preppy style means wearing classic designer clothes with good fabrics to present a neat, smart, wellbalancedappearance with bright colours and a clean look. Apreppy lifestyle is happy, friendly and sociable, with good manners. The word preppy is an abbreviation of preparatory, which refers to private or boarding schools which are preparation for college, which reflects the style of a preppy look.Chinos are trousers which are a type of light-weight cotton cloth made of chino cloth or twill, a typical formof smart but casual dress.A hood is part of a coat or jacket that covers your head;a hoodie (or hoody) is a jacket or sweat shirt with a hood.Prim clothes are neat, sensible and proper, showing very little of your body. Prim and proper fashions are careful, modest, formal and demure, a respectable style which wouldn’t offend anyone.Lycra is a light cloth made from artificial fibers that stretches and keeps its shape.Loafers are low leather shoes that you slip on and off and do not need to tie.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened on the fashion scene in the 1950s?(a) Blue jeans arrived in Europe and Asia.(This happened and they were worn in Europe and Asia “with huge enthusiasm”.)(b) American youth started wearing jeans.(c) The French started to manufacture jeans.(d) American women started to wear trousers.2 What do women want to do during an economic boom?(a) Show less of their legs.(b) Show more of their legs.(Yes, it seems there is a direct correlation: as the economy booms, hemlines rise.)(c) Buy short skirts.(d) Sell their shares.3 What did the tights help to promote in the 1960s?(a) The French fashion industry.(b) Stockings.(c) The miniskirt.(Yes, because without tights the tops of stockings would show since miniskirts had much higher hemlines.)(d) The Beatles.4 What was popular in the mid-1980s?(a) Clean shaven faces.(b) Long hair.(c) Denim jeans and jackets.(Yes, the passage says “denim remained popular ... heavy metal music fans wore ... jeans and denim jackets.)(d) Short skirts.5 What was fashionable in the 1990s?(a) Designer jeans.(b) Dyed hair and trainers.(Yes, both of these are specifically mentioned for the 1990s.)(c) Tight jeans and short hair.(d) Clothes with bright colours.6 What happened in the fall of 2007?(a) Hemlines anticipated a global crisis.(Yes, this is what happened, which was unusual according to the previous correlation that hemlines followed the economic situation rather than proceeding or anticipating it.)(b) Women’s skirts got shorter.(c) There was a crisis on the stock market.(d) Designers began to lose touch with reality.3 Match the photos with the sentences from the passage. Photo 1 (a) Photo 2 (d) Photo 3 (g)Photo 4 (b) Photo 5 (e) Photo 6 (f) Photo 7 (c) Photo 1: 1960sPhoto 4: mid-1960s and early 1970sPhoto 3: 1970s, the period of punkPhoto 2: mid-1980sPhoto 5: late 1980sPhoto 7: 1990sPhoto 6: 2001Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. Teaching tipsAsk a pair of students to present the answers: student A reads the definition, B gives the answers. Ask them to speak clearly and to show confidence.1 able to be seen (visible)2 to think or guess that something is smaller, less important etc than it really is (underestimate)3 very brave and determined (courageous)4 an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation (crisis)5 the most common or greatest in number or amount (predominant)6 new and different in a way that might offend or upset some people (daring)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsThis time, to go over the answers, T reads the text but pauses before each gap. The class should quicklycall out the correct answer – in the correct form –then T reads on.At a time of global (1) crisis, when stock markets are falling across the world, we should never(2) underestimate the ability of fashion designers to surprise us by bringing sunshine into people’s lives, and avoiding the (3) predominant trend of gloom and pessimism. This is certainly true of the fashion industry in Brazil. In 2009, when the effects of the financial situation were (4) visible almost everywhere,top designers launched a (5) daring new collectioncombining high hemlines, low necklines, and lots of colour. As one commentator wrote, “You can call it a (6) courageous d ecision if you like, but it’s also a question of Brazilians doing what comes naturally to them.”6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.Teaching tipsThis time, to go over the answers, T chooses a pair. Student A reads the sentences and pauses before each gap, Student B gives the correct answer in the appropriate form. Encourage the pair to speak normally.1 If we don’t act soon, the situation will get worse. (deteriorate)2 I’m afraid my trousers got torn when I tried to climb over that fence. (ripped)3 You need thick pieces of material on your knees and elbows if you go rollerblading. (pads)4 Access to the show is limited to journalists with press passes. (restricted)5 The Dow Jones list of stocks and shares fell another 40 points yesterday. (index)6 That was the most worrying piece of news I’d heard in a long time. (unsettling)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a ubiquitous item of clothing something you can find(a) everywhere, or (b) only in restricted circles?2 Does bust refers to (a) economic growth, or (b) financial failure?3 If a fashion item is sold exclusively in boutiques, can you find it (a) in department stores too, or (b) in no other shops apart from boutiques?4 Is a backlash a (a) strong, or (b) weak reaction to something?5 Does a glamorous person looks (a) attractive, or (b) unattractive?6 If you are lavish with your money, do you (a) spend money with care, or (b) spend money verygenerously?7 If you bleach a pair of jeans, do you (a) add, or (b) remove its colour?8 Is a woman who is prim and proper is more likely to wear(a) a micro miniskirt, or (b) a knee-lengthskirt?9 If a model is skinny, is she (a) very thin, or (b) overweight?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the passage and find the formal equivalents of the following sentences. Identify the formal features in the original versions.1 Historians writing about fashion between 1960 and 2010 always refer to two constant factors.No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors.2 ... young people bought them and wore them enthusiastically as they recognized them as a symbol ofthe young, informal American way of life.... they were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by young people and recognized as a symbol of the young, informal American way of life.3 Many people have noticed the close correlation between the length of women’s skirts and the economy. It has often been noted that there is a precise correlation, with only a few exceptions, between the lengthof women’s skirts and the economy.4 Hemlines rise and fall with the stock market.As the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it falls, so do they.5 Nobody really knows why women want to show more or less of their legs during periods of economicboom and bust.Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boomand bust remains a mystery.6 The development of tights, instead of stockings, contributed to the international success of the miniskirt.But it would not have achieved such international currency without the development of tights, instead of stockings, because the rise in hemlines meant the stocking tops would be visible.Active reading (2)Eco-jewellery: sea glassBackground informationThis is an article from Times Online of 27th September, 2008, by Anna Shepard, a journalist who writes acolumn called “Eco-worrier”. She speaks on the radio and TV about green issues and has published a book, How Green Are My Wellies: Small Steps and Giant Leaps to Green Living with Style. She likes the idea ofrecycling glass from the sea to make jewellery. Culture pointsLiberty has been a well-known department store in central London since 1875, selling fashions, cosmetics,luxury brand accessories and gifts.Cape Town is the city with the second largest population in South Africa. It has a famous harbour and notable landmarks like the Table Mountain ad Cape Point.Seaham Beach is near Sunderland and Durham, in the north of England. It has a centuries-old tradition of glass-making, notably in the 19th-century Victorian era when workers dumped left-over glass into the sea. Multi-coloured sea glass can be found there. Language points1 ... sidling up and down in the surf ... (para 1)To sidle means to move slowly in a particular direction,usually because you are nervous or do not wantto be noticed. Cowen moves slowly on the beach, looking for sea glass, going up and down in the wavesof the sea as they move and fall onto the beach.2 ... I’ve burnt my shoulders ... (para 1)She has been walking on the beach for hours in the sun, so her shoulders are red and sore from too muchsun (sunburnt).3 There is no hard and fast rule ... (para 3)There is no fixed rule. The process can change.4 ... but she works mostly to commission ... (para 5)People ask her to produce specific work (pieces of sea glass jewelry), for which they will pay. She is commissioned to do this.5 ... a huge glass cabinet that preside over her studio. (para 5)To preside over something means to be in a position of power while important events or changes aretaking place. Here, this is a metaphor to show the central position of the cabinet in the studio.6 The creation of sea glass is a form of recycling, but more than that, it is an example of naturecompensating for man’s folly. (para 8)People were foolish – they behave in a stupid and careless way to throw glass rubbish into the sea. But nature has compensated for this by slowly making the glass into beautiful pieces.7 Although no one considered the consequences of hurling glass into the sea … (para 10)To hurl means to throw something using a lot of force; to chuck means to throw something, but not necessarily with force (to chuck something away or to chuck something out usually refers to throughaway unwanted objects or rubbish); to dump means to get rid of something or place it somewherecarelessly, not necessarily throwing it –but dumping rubbish can be the same as throwing it away, probably in the wrong place.8 Today’s responsible attitude to its disposal, revolving around recycling where possible, is vastlysuperior, but it signals the end of the sea-glass era. (para 10) Today, people have a more responsible attitude to waste disposal and glass is usually recycled – this is very much better than throwing glass into the sea.However, this responsible attitude sends a message that there will be no sea glass in the future.9 Its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal … (para 12)Its eco-credentials refers to the ecological background of the sea glass. That because sea glass was thrownaway as rubbish, but it is now being recycled as jewellery it is qualified to have a good environmental reputation.10 Gold’s murky reputation for damaging the environment in the extraction process and the diamondindustry’s poor human rights record play into the hands of designers who have chosen to workwith a material that puts a waste product to use. (para 12) Getting gold from the earth and separating it from other metals often damages the environment. And italso involves dishonest activities, so gold extraction has a “murky’ reputation”. The diamond industry also has a poor reputation because many workers are treated very badly. What people believe about these processes are exactly what designers of sea glassjewellery want to avoid, so that they gain an advantage in the jewellery market because they recycle materials. Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happens when Gina Cowen goes looking for glass on a beach?(a) She gets bitten by crabs.(b) She gets burnt.(Yes, she says she burns her shoulders.)(c) She always finds a better piece than the last time.(d) She finds time passes slowly.(No, “she loses her sense of time” means that time passes very quickly so she is not conscious of how it passes.)2 Why is red glass special compared to other types of glass?(a) It’s smoother.(No, sea glass of any colour can be smooth over the years.)(b) It’s probably older.(Yes, Cowen says there is a strong chance that it could be centuries old.)(c) It’s more beautiful.(d) It’s harder to find.3 What does Cowen do with most of the jewellery she makes?(a) She sells it to private customers.(Yes, the passage says “she works mostl y to commission”.)(b) She exhibits it in galleries.(c) She keeps it in her room.(d) She sells it in a London shop.(Well, some of her designs were sold in London Liberty, but she sells most of her designs privately.)4 When did Cowen get interested in sea glass?(a) When she wrote an article about it for a newspaper.(b) When she saw a collection in a glass cabinet.(c) While walking along a beach in South Africa. (Yes, she found some glass there and started a collection.)(d) When she found out about the Victorian glass industry.(No, she found out about this later in Britain.)5 Where does the best sea glass come from?(a) South Africa.(b) Liberty in London.(c) Fiji and Majorca.(Cowen has good sea glass from these islands, but it seems that the best is from British beaches.)(d) Beaches in England.(Yes, Seaham Beach in Britain is her “favourite hunting ground” and her Victorian sea-glass collectionfrom British beaches is “most stunning”, so the implication is that, for Cowen, British beaches are where the best sea glass comes from.)6 Why will sea glass become rarer than diamonds?(a) People will stop making glass.(b) It will eventually be transformed into sand.(c) More and more glass is being recycled.(Yes, this means that old glass is made into new glass instead of being dumped in the sea. As a result,sea glass will become rare.)(d) People will be prepared to pay a lot of money for it.7 What did a 15-year-old girl manage to do?(a) She sold her collection of sea glass on eBay.(b) She sold photographs of her collection of sea glass. (No, she took photos in order to illustrate the collection to help to sell the sea glass –she didn’t sell thephotos.)(c) She sold Cowen some sea glass for more than it was worth.(Yes, the girl sold it on eBay and Cowen says she paid too much for it.)(d) She collected a lot of sea glass on a school trip.8 Why is sea glass more ecological than diamonds and gold?(a) Getting it doesn’t damage the environment. (Yes, the passage refers to serious ecological problems with extracting gold and mining diamonds,whereas because sea glass is waste material collecting and using it is actually clearing up the beach environment.)(b) It can be used for a variety of purposes.(c) It is a naturally occurring product.(No, sea glass does not occur naturally. it is glassthat has been dumped into the sea by people as rubbish.)(d) It can be recycled more easily.Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to become or to make something become active, successful, or popular again (revive)2 very impressive or beautiful (stunning)3 to hang something from something else (suspend)4 a formal agreement to get married (engagement)5 the way that the level of the sea regularly rises and falls during the day (tide)6 to be in charge of something or to be in a position of power (preside)7 the process of getting rid of something (disposal)8 very bright (luminous)4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.1 To celebrate our engagement we had dinner in the best restaurant in Paris.2 The lamp was suspended from an iron hook in the middle of the ceiling.3 Someone needs to think about the disposal of all thesewaste products.4 I’ve been asked to preside at next week’s m eeting of the recycling committee.5 The luminous object on the table turned out to be made of diamond.6 I could spend hours here, just watching the seagulls flying past and the tides coming in and going out.7 When she walked into the restaurant she was wearing an absolutely stunning diamond necklace.8 The President is likely to propose a stimulus plan that he believes will help revive the US economy.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words.1 I had a period of time as a volunteer before gettinga job in the jewellery trade. (stint)2 You shouldn’t just throw that rubbish into the river! (chuck)3 It’s sheer stupid and careless behaviour to go on using up the earth’s resources as we are doing. (negligence)4 I looked ca refully at the horizon, but couldn’t see anyone coming towards me. (scoured)5 I think the accident was due to the driver’s lack of care. (folly)6 The removal of minerals from the earth is usually an expensive and dangerous task. (extraction)7 The red kite is one of the most rarely seen birds in the country. (elusive)6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If someone sidles up to you, are they moving (a) quickly and determinedly, or (b) slowly and casually?2 Is a hard and fast rule (a) fixed, or (b) open to interpretation?3 If someone has good eco-credentials, do they (a) care for the environment, or (b) show no interest in it?4 If something has a murky reputation, is it (a) possibly dishonest or morally wrong, or (b) precious andhighly respected?5 If you play into the hands of someone, do you (a) approve of it, or (b) give them an advantage?6 If you condone someone’s behaviour, do you (a) approve of it, or (b) disapprove of it?7 If you pounce onto something, do you make a (a) quickmovement to get hold of it, or (b) slowmovement to get hold of it?Reading and interpreting7 Check ( ) the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage.To paint a portrait of a woman with unusual passion. (The writer does have this purpose to show Cowen’s strong interest.)To describe the process of making jewellery from sea glass.(This is one purpose although there are not many details about this.)To make people think about the importance of recycling. (Yes, this is a strong point in the passage.)√ A mixture of all three.(Yes, the writer seems to have all the above three purposes here.)8 Find the quotations in the passage which illustrate the ideas:1 why sea glass is special“It has the ability to transform magically from something ordinary to luminous treasure after a stint。
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UNIT 6Reding 11Your answer Correct answer1. tolerant tolerant2. democracy democracy3. loyal loyal4. renowned renowned5. destiny destiny6. retreat retreat7. bully bully2Your answer Correct answer(1) destined destined(2) renowned renown(3) loyality loyalty(4) democractic democratic(5) bullied bullied(6) tolerate tolerate(7) retreat retreat31. His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answersurpassed surpassed2. The situation can only get worse; it will never improve.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerdegenerate degenerate3. Although he was a rich man, his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answershabby shabby4. He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerswap swapped5. At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Churchill to lead the country.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answeronset onset6. Churchill drank a lot of alcohol.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerliquor liquor7. Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle ofGallipoli.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answermake amends make amends4 abbba ababb aaReasing 21Your answer Correct answer1. observation observation2. timber timber3. auxiliary auxiliary4. fragment fragment5. elaborate elaborate6. selection selection7. petty petty8. dispute dispute9. propose propose21. His proved popular and the meeting accepted it unanimously.Your answer Correct answerproposal proposal2. It's the of the decoration that makes the building special.Your answer Correct answerelaboration elaborateness3. The evidence was very and it was difficult to get a complete picture.Your answer Correct answerfragmentary fragmentary / fragmented4. The historian the important facts and arranges them to fit his theory.Your answer Correct answerselects selects5. Restoration is a(n) science which helps art historians find out the age of a painting and theartist.Your answer Correct answerauxiliary auxiliary6. The of his arguments meant that they weren't important or worth taking seriously.Your answer Correct answerpettiness pettiness7. These ancient buildings were constructed of wood from the nearby forest.Your answer Correct answertimbered timbered8. They the truth of the theories for a long time.Your answer Correct answerdisputeed disputed9. They that there was more than one interpretation of the facts.Your answer Correct answerobserved observed3baaba bbablanguage use1Thanks to Churchill's leadership and example, we showed courage and determination. Thanks to their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.At school he was bullied thanks to his lisp, stammer and ill-health.Thanks to his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero.Thanks to school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wanted to be a general.He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty thanks to the disaster at Gallipoli.Thanks to his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression.Thanks to his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.2The main verb is is.To praise a historian for his accuracy.Good, efficient historians and responsible and skilful architects are compared.The main verb is is (the first one).Archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology and so on.Because they are scientific fields with reliable results.The main verb is knows.The most effective way to influence opinion.By the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.No, C. P. Scott, a famous newspaper editor, said "Comment is free, but facts are sacred." So his motto doesn't support this way of doing things.The first fact is you arrived in this building half an hour ago on foot. There are two alternatives: You arrived on a bicycle or in a car.The main verb is is.You arrived in this building half an hour ago.The main verb is may be.In the course of next few years.It will first appear in footnotes of articles and books about 19th-century England.In the text of articles and books about 19th-century England.It may be regarded as a well-established historical fact.In 20 or 30 years' time.3The Chinese student goes to America and the American student comes to China.Family A goes to live in Family B's house and vice versa.You hand back the first one and the shop gives you another one of a different size or colour without any further payment.One who always uses the products or services of a particular business, eg the customer only buys drinks / coffee in Starbucks.To encourage customers to keep on coming back.Both.The facts no one argues against.People disagree about it.People disagree about it—it is a matter of opinion.They make an interesting comment about it which attracts the listener.The doctors are watching you to see how your problem develops.To keep watch on what is happening nearby.Such crimes as shoplifting sweets, not paying your bus fare etc.Petty cash is a small amount of money, eg cash kept in an office for paying any small charges such as postage.A petty officer in the navy is likely to be of low rank.4历史学家不需要掌握特殊的技能去确定陶瓷或大理石残片的起源与断代、去解读一段意义隐晦的铭文的含义、或是为确定一个准确的日期而进行繁复的天文计算。