非谓语动词语法讲解学生版(推荐文档)

非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。

当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的 ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。

三、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式 主动 被动ing 形 主动式被动一般式完成式进行式to doto have done to be doingto be done to have been donedoinghaving donebeing done having been done过去分 被动 词done四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)1六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing. 学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。

七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。

动词 ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。

如： ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk b. 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to dosth. It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us. 注意：下面几个句型是用动名词： It’s no good / use doing sth. It’s useless doing sth. There is no need to do sth. 2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。

如： My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的内容) Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. （主表语要用同一种形式）22、 分词作表语 记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。

现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表 示主语的状态。

常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)， surprised (主语)感到吃 惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)， disappoint (失望)， move （感动）， 如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news. 3、 在 seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove / turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等连 系动词后，可用不定式作表语。

如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非谓语动词十大解题原则非谓语动词主要包括 to do, -ing 和-ed 三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试 的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。

为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用 法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。

根据这些原则，相 信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。

原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词 例 1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例 2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had told 原则二、不及物动词无-ed 形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing 形式，无宾语时用-ed 形式 例 3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 例 4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into consideration3C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities 原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。

非谓语动词的完成时形式 to have done 或 having done 强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前 例 5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found 原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed 例 7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture． A．produced B．being produced C．to be produced D．having been produced 例 8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 原则五、介词后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加逻辑主语 例 9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________. A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught 例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close4原则六、-ing 形式或 to do 可作主语或宾语，-ed 形式则不可以 例 11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch 例 12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined 原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把 be 去掉保留-ed+介词做状语 例 13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 例 14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing 形 式，构成动宾关系是用-ed 形式。