新概念英语第二册第62课课件
合集下载
Lesson62Afterthefire(课件)新概念英语第二册(2)
When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.
在大火最后被扑灭后, 森林管理当局订购了好 几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽.
They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night. quantity复数时表示“大量”：
He bought books in (large) quantities. quantities of大量的…… quality n. 质量 sth. with good quality具有好质量的东西
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
而现在, 发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾, 弥漫在荒凉的山丘上. rise up (from)升上来 smoke n. 烟（雾） full of smoke充满烟雾 smokey adj. 多烟的（名词加-y, 变为形容词） smoker n. 抽烟的人 heavy smoker烟瘾重的人； non smoker不抽烟的人 smoke v. 吸烟
in place of替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原来 放的东西现在不在了)
In place of a cup , I put a vase there.
以前放的是茶杯，现在放的是花瓶。
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.
新概念英语第二册+Lesson+62+课件
1.How long did it take the firemen to get the fire under control?
2.Had all the trees been burnt or not?
3.Why were the surrounding villages of the hills threatened with destruction?
root n. 根 century n. 世纪 patch n. 小片 blacken v. 变黑，发暗
Key words ＆ expressions
★control [kənf sth.
• be in control of sth.指挥，管理或控制
Lesson 62 After the fire
New Words
fight 搏斗 control n. 控制 smoke n. 烟 desolate adj. 荒凉的
grass-seed n. 草籽 authority n. （常用复数）当局 spray v. 喷撒 quantity n. 量
threaten v. 威胁 surrounding adj. 周围的 destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 flood n. 洪水，水灾
② threat n.威胁
★surrounding [sə'raundiŋ] ①adj. 周围的 the surrounding country 近郊 ②n. 周围的事物，环境 school surroundings 学校环境
surround v. 围绕，包围，围住 I live in an old town which is surrounded by beautiful flowers.
新概念二教学课件(第62课)
且已经停止的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前 推，向后推是现在完成进行时。 结构："had been +现在分词" （1）尚未完成： He had been writing the novel．他一直在写小说 （他没有完成它） （2）企图： He had been learning to play the piano． 他一直在努力学习弹钢琴。 （3）最近情况： He had been quarrelling with his wife．他最近一直和妻子吵架。 （4）情绪：
quantity n. 量，分量，数量；大量，大批 quality n.质量，特性，品种 a large/ small quantity of sth 大量/少量... huge quantities of 大量... in large/small quantities 大量/少量
root n.根；根源；根本；词根 与“route”பைடு நூலகம்ruːt] 同音 v. 使生根，扎根；根除，铲除
她说她已完成作业了。
5. 在含有时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句的复合句中，若主 从句动作的发生有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作 在后的要用一般过去时。
6. want, hope, mean, plan, intend，expect，suppose 等动词的过去完成时可用来表示“本来打算做而没有做某事“。
authority n.权利，职权；当局，官方（常用复数） 权威人士，权威著作
have the authority to do sth 有权做某事 authority over sth 关于...的主权，权利 the US authorities 美国当局
grass-seed n. 草籽 grass-root 草根
quantity n. 量，分量，数量；大量，大批 quality n.质量，特性，品种 a large/ small quantity of sth 大量/少量... huge quantities of 大量... in large/small quantities 大量/少量
root n.根；根源；根本；词根 与“route”பைடு நூலகம்ruːt] 同音 v. 使生根，扎根；根除，铲除
她说她已完成作业了。
5. 在含有时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句的复合句中，若主 从句动作的发生有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作 在后的要用一般过去时。
6. want, hope, mean, plan, intend，expect，suppose 等动词的过去完成时可用来表示“本来打算做而没有做某事“。
authority n.权利，职权；当局，官方（常用复数） 权威人士，权威著作
have the authority to do sth 有权做某事 authority over sth 关于...的主权，权利 the US authorities 美国当局
grass-seed n. 草籽 grass-root 草根
Lesson62Afterthefire(课件)新概念英语第二册
终于;最终 一种特殊类型的… 大量地 长根
代替,取代 一片片的… 焦黒的土壤
Key points 学习要点
Key points 学习要点
Key points 学习要点
8. Firemen had been fighting the forest fire … . 请说出这个句子的时态
Key points 学习要点
Key points 学习要点
Key points 学习要点
Key points 学习要点
10. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
Q: 蓝色部分在句子中是什么成份,起什么作用?
Key points 学习要点
10. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
grass-seed n. 草籽 authority n. （常用复数）当局 spray v. 喷撒 quantity n. 量 root n. 根 century n. 世纪 patch n. 小片 blacken v. 变黑，发暗
Words/phrases 单词与词组
搏斗 控制 烟 荒凉的 威胁 周围的 破坏，毁灭 洪水，水灾
8. Firemen had been fighting the forest fire … . had been 过去完成时 be fighting 进行时 过去完成进行时用于强调动作在过去更早的某一 段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结 果．与它连用的表示时间的词有before, for, since, all day等． She was tired. She had been doing homework all day.
新概念第二册Lesson 62 (共49张PPT)
• • • • • •
seed 1) n. [c] 种子（part of plant） sunflower seeds 葵花籽 2) n. [u] (种植，喂鸟等的)种子 3) n. [c] 根本，原因 His sudden death sowed seeds of trouble in his family. • 他猝然去世，给家族埋下了纠纷的祸根。
• • • • • • • •
2) vt. 管理，控制，操纵，支配 control sb./sth. control prices 操纵价格 control traffic 管理交通 I can’t control my emotions/feelings. 我不能控制自己的感情。 controller n. （尤指大机构中部门的）负责人
volcano(火山)
sandstorm (沙尘暴)
drought(旱灾)
tsunami (海啸)
fire(火灾）
typhoon（台风）
• First listen and then answer the question. • What was the danger to the villages after the fire?
spray v. 喷撒
1）vt. 喷洒，喷……于 spray paint on the furniture 给家具喷上漆 She sprayed water in the shirt be the shirt with water before ironing. • 她在熨烫前给衬衫洒上水。 • 2) n. 喷雾器；喷液 • insect spray 喷液杀虫剂 • • • • •
destruction n.[u]破坏，毁灭
新概念英语第二册第62课完整ppt课件
The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。 Don’t worry, everything is under control. • out of control 失去控制 The forest fire was out of control.
这场森林火灾失去了控制。 v. 控制 • I can control it. =I can manage it.我能对付(口语)
I prefer quality to quantity.
精选ppt
★root [ru:t, rut] ①n. 根，根茎 root of… ……的根 take root 生根 come out 长出来 shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽） flower come out 开花 ②n. 本质;根源 the root of the problem ③v. 使立定不动；使固定
❖
使……变弱，削弱
❖ dark
使……变暗，模糊
精选ppt
1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
Fear rooted her to the ground. 她吓的呆若木鸡。
精选ppt
❖ ★blacken ['blækən]
❖ v. 变黑，发暗
❖ The smoke has blackened the walls.
❖ 烟把墙熏黑了。
❖ -en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”
❖ weak adj. 虚弱的——> weaken v.
这场森林火灾失去了控制。 v. 控制 • I can control it. =I can manage it.我能对付(口语)
I prefer quality to quantity.
精选ppt
★root [ru:t, rut] ①n. 根，根茎 root of… ……的根 take root 生根 come out 长出来 shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽） flower come out 开花 ②n. 本质;根源 the root of the problem ③v. 使立定不动；使固定
❖
使……变弱，削弱
❖ dark
使……变暗，模糊
精选ppt
1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
Fear rooted her to the ground. 她吓的呆若木鸡。
精选ppt
❖ ★blacken ['blækən]
❖ v. 变黑，发暗
❖ The smoke has blackened the walls.
❖ 烟把墙熏黑了。
❖ -en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”
❖ weak adj. 虚弱的——> weaken v.
精品课件新概念英语第二册_第62课
◆winter was coming on 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式)， come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节 的“到来，来临”： ◆for 因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由） • I' ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 下面两个词也可以表示原因： • As it is raining, let' s stay at home. • Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive. ◆wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉 • A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
★root [ru:t, rut]
①n. 根，根茎 the root of a tree ②n. 本质;根源 the root of the problem ③v. 使立定不动；使固定 Fear rooted her to the ground. 她吓得呆若木鸡。
take root
生根
★ century [‘sentʃuri] n. 世纪；百年
★ grass-seed
grassland grass-seeder grass roots
flood [flʌd]
① n. 洪水, 水灾 at the flood 涨潮，在最有 利的时机 a flood of tears 泪如泉涌 ②v. 淹没 The room is flooded with water. ③v. 溢满 Warmth flooded my heart.
threaten
threaten ['θretən]
新概念英语第二册第62课课件
学习交流PPT
8
flood [flʌd] ① n. 洪水, 水灾 at the flood 涨潮
a flood of tears 泪如泉涌 row against the flood 逆水行舟 ②v. 淹没 The room is flooded with water. ③v. 溢满 Warmth flooded my heart.
学习交流PPT
6
★surrounding [sə'raundiŋ] ①adj. 周围的 the surrounding country 近郊 ②n. 周围的事物，环境 school surroundings 学校环境 surround v围绕，包围，围住
I live in an old town which is surrounded
Fear rooted her to the ground. 她吓的呆若木鸡。
学习交流PPT
12
❖ ★blacken ['blækən]
❖ v. 变黑，发暗
❖ The smoke has blackened the walls.
❖ 烟把墙熏黑了。
❖ -en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”
❖ weak adj. 虚弱的——> weaken v.
The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。 Don’t worry, everything is under control. • out of control 失去控制 The forest fire was out of control.
这场森林火灾失去了控制。 v. 控制 • I can control it. =I can manage it.我能对付(口语)
新概念第二册--Lesson-62-After-the-fire课件
grass-seed 草籽n.
grass1）草feed grass to cows2）草地keep off the grass请勿践踏草地grass roots群众let the grass grow under one's feet懈怠
seed1）种子（part of a plant）n.[c]sunflower seeds 2）（种植喂鸟等的）种子n.[u]3）根本, 原因n.[c]eg.His sudden death sowed seeds of trouble in his family.
cover 覆盖, 遮掩v.eg. 我的桌上覆盖了灰尘 Dust covered my desk.be covered with
4
Scanning
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
过去完成进行时fight the fire 跟大火搏斗fight for liberationfight against cancerfight a good fight打一场漂亮的仗win a fightget sth under control= bring sth under controlcontrol 管理控制v.eg.He controls a large business companycheck 检查v.eg.Please check your homework after finishing.
put down new roots在新的地方立足root and branch 完全地,彻底地
3）使...生根/扎根 v.eg. Does this plant root easily？
grass1）草feed grass to cows2）草地keep off the grass请勿践踏草地grass roots群众let the grass grow under one's feet懈怠
seed1）种子（part of a plant）n.[c]sunflower seeds 2）（种植喂鸟等的）种子n.[u]3）根本, 原因n.[c]eg.His sudden death sowed seeds of trouble in his family.
cover 覆盖, 遮掩v.eg. 我的桌上覆盖了灰尘 Dust covered my desk.be covered with
4
Scanning
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
过去完成进行时fight the fire 跟大火搏斗fight for liberationfight against cancerfight a good fight打一场漂亮的仗win a fightget sth under control= bring sth under controlcontrol 管理控制v.eg.He controls a large business companycheck 检查v.eg.Please check your homework after finishing.
put down new roots在新的地方立足root and branch 完全地,彻底地
3）使...生根/扎根 v.eg. Does this plant root easily？
新概念二册Lesson62((共32张PPT)
No one can avoid being influenced by surroundings.
Beinjing and the surrounding countryside 北 京及其近郊
destruction [di'strʌkʃən] n.[u]破坏， 毁灭
destructive adj 毁灭性的 a destructive earthquake 毁灭性的 地震
control. The children were out of control.
desolate ['desələt, 'desəleit] adj. 荒 凉的v. [desəleit] 使……沦为废墟，使…… 悲伤绝望（尤用于被动语态)
desolation [u] n. 荒凉，破坏；凄凉 desolately adv. 荒凉地
2. Did fireman get it under control? Yes, they did.
3. How long had they been fighting it? For three weeks.
4. What had covered the countryside a short time before? Great trees had.
That winter rain would not only wash the soil away but would cause serious floods as well.
Listening Practice
1. What kind of fire was it ? A forest fire.
They didn’t walk far before they met Mr. Lin. It was two years before we met again. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
Beinjing and the surrounding countryside 北 京及其近郊
destruction [di'strʌkʃən] n.[u]破坏， 毁灭
destructive adj 毁灭性的 a destructive earthquake 毁灭性的 地震
control. The children were out of control.
desolate ['desələt, 'desəleit] adj. 荒 凉的v. [desəleit] 使……沦为废墟，使…… 悲伤绝望（尤用于被动语态)
desolation [u] n. 荒凉，破坏；凄凉 desolately adv. 荒凉地
2. Did fireman get it under control? Yes, they did.
3. How long had they been fighting it? For three weeks.
4. What had covered the countryside a short time before? Great trees had.
That winter rain would not only wash the soil away but would cause serious floods as well.
Listening Practice
1. What kind of fire was it ? A forest fire.
They didn’t walk far before they met Mr. Lin. It was two years before we met again. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
精品新概念英语第二册第62课PPT课件
11
★surrounding [sə'raundiŋ]
①adj. 周围的 the surrounding country 近郊 ②(pl.)n. 周围的事物，环境
school surroundings surround v围绕，包围，围住
I live in an old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. atmosphere n. 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环 境)
be in control of sth.指挥，管理或控制 =be in charge of sth Who is in control of the plan? be under control 在控制之中 The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。 Don’t worry, everything is under control. be out of control 失去控制 The Transformers was out of control.这个变形金刚失去了控 制。 v. I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)
Teachers are no longer the authority on everything and students are no longer the passive learners.
13
★spray [sprei] v. 喷撒
spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒 spray water over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground
12
authority
★surrounding [sə'raundiŋ]
①adj. 周围的 the surrounding country 近郊 ②(pl.)n. 周围的事物，环境
school surroundings surround v围绕，包围，围住
I live in an old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. atmosphere n. 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环 境)
be in control of sth.指挥，管理或控制 =be in charge of sth Who is in control of the plan? be under control 在控制之中 The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。 Don’t worry, everything is under control. be out of control 失去控制 The Transformers was out of control.这个变形金刚失去了控 制。 v. I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)
Teachers are no longer the authority on everything and students are no longer the passive learners.
13
★spray [sprei] v. 喷撒
spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒 spray water over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground
12
authority
新概念英语第二册第62课课件资料
★desolate [‘desələt] adj. 荒凉的 a desolate house 废屋 desolate adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无 人居住, 荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连 时) lonely adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方 连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）
★quantity ['kwɔntəti]
n. （数）量 quantities of 大量的…… =in large quantity 大量 small 少量 quality ['kwɔləti] n. 质量 sth. with good quality 具有好质量的东西 I prefer quality to quantity.
Smoke
smoke [sməuk]
①n. 烟（雾） full of smoke 充满烟雾 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪 have a smoke 抽一只烟 smoker n. 抽烟的人 heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人 ； nonsmoker 不抽烟的人 ②v. 吸烟 Don't smoke! = No smoking! He smoked heavily. smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室 cigarette = cigar n. 香烟
★destruction [di'strʌkʃən] n.
破坏, 毁灭 The fire caused the destruction of my books. destructive adj. 毁灭性的 a destructive fire destroy v. 破坏
construct
新概念英语第二册 Lesson 62课件
Frank has just made a great decision.
This picture is said to be painted by a great painter.
big （口语化）“体积大”“规模大”
Sam is a big man. Your house is bigger than mine.
1.Right from the start,he knew he did something wrong.
2.The bridge was built last year at a cost of 100,000 yuan.
3.Our earth moves through space.
get sth. under control 把…控制住
• fire v.起火，燃烧
under control 在控制中，受到控制 out of control 不受控制，失去控制 别担心，一切都在控制中。
Don`t worry,everything is under control.
controllable adj.可控制的 controlled adj. 受控制的
Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
如果你大批量购买会更便宜一些。 It`s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity
In many places the grass had already ____________.
• the space shuttle • launch into • a distant place • in the universe • billions of • on Children’s Day • send up • there is trouble with • a great deal of
This picture is said to be painted by a great painter.
big （口语化）“体积大”“规模大”
Sam is a big man. Your house is bigger than mine.
1.Right from the start,he knew he did something wrong.
2.The bridge was built last year at a cost of 100,000 yuan.
3.Our earth moves through space.
get sth. under control 把…控制住
• fire v.起火，燃烧
under control 在控制中，受到控制 out of control 不受控制，失去控制 别担心，一切都在控制中。
Don`t worry,everything is under control.
controllable adj.可控制的 controlled adj. 受控制的
Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
如果你大批量购买会更便宜一些。 It`s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity
In many places the grass had already ____________.
• the space shuttle • launch into • a distant place • in the universe • billions of • on Children’s Day • send up • there is trouble with • a great deal of
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.
我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。 2. She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
serious floods as well. ◆winter was coming on 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的 通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过 去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”： ◆for 因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）
I' ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 下面两个词也可以表示原因：
smoker n. 抽烟的人 heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人 ； nonsmoker 不抽烟的人
②v. 吸烟 Don't smoke! = No smoking! He smoked heavily. smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室 cigarette = cigar n. 香烟
As it is raining, let' s stay at home.
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive. ◆wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
草籽 草地 草籽播种机 基层民众，草根
★quantity ['kwɔntəti] n. （数）量
quantities of 大量的……
=in large quantity 大量
small
少量
quality ['kwɔləti] n. 质量
sth. with good quality 具有好质量的东西
3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
❖ rise up (from)
从…… 升上来
❖ smoke rise up
(烟、雾)弥漫
❖ rise to one's feet 站起身
❖ rise in the world 出头，发迹
She was very tired.She had been typing letters all days.
I’d been racing horses for years before I met my wife.
Grammar
过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较 1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换使用：
flood [flʌd] ① n. 洪水, 水灾 at the flood 涨潮
a flood of tears 泪如泉涌 row against the flood 逆水行舟 ②v. 淹没 The room is flooded with water. ③v. 溢满 Warmth flooded my heart.
5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. ◆ put out 扑灭
I prefer quality to quantity.
★root [ru:t, rut] ①n. 根，根茎 root of… ……的根 take root 生根 come out 长出来 shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽） flower come out 开花 ②n. 本质;根源 the root of the problem ③v. 使立定不动；使固定
threaten ['θretən] v.
①威胁 threaten to do sth. 威胁着要做…；有迹象表明……
He threatened to make the photo public. threaten sb. with sth. 以……来威胁/恐吓某人
The thief threatened him with a knife. ②有……预兆 It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要下雨了。
Grammar 过去完成进行时 （the past perfect progressive tense)
一、构成：had been+现在分词 二、concept 1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去
更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过 去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表 示时间的词有before, for, since ,all day等.
❖ The sun rises in the east.
4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain
would not only wash away the soil but would cause
◆in place of 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原 来放的东西现在不在了) e.g.Jane couldn’t go,so I attended the conference in her place. ◆ take the place of = replace
Who will take the place of Mr White? 谁将代替怀特先生？ ◆ instead of 替代+没做的事 Instead of staying home, I went to school.
After he had said goodbye to us all, Captain Alison started his journey. 除此之外还常与连词no sooner…than和hardly…when连用。
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。 Don’t worry, everything is under control. out of control 失去控制
The forest fire was out of control. 这场森林火灾失去了控制。
Fear rooted her to the ground. 她吓的呆;blækən]
❖ v. 变黑，发暗
❖ The smoke has blackened the walls.
❖ 烟把墙熏黑了。
❖ -en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”
❖ weak adj. 虚弱的——> weaken v.
◆get it under control 表示“使它得到控 制”，
get有“使……处于某种状态”的 含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:
2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
v. 控制 I can control it. =I can manage it.我能对付(口语)
Smoke
smoke [sməuk]
①n. 烟（雾） full of smoke 充满烟雾 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪 have a smoke 抽一只烟
Grammar
过去完成时 （The simple past perfect tense )
1.构成，had+过去分词 2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或
情况，
即“较早的过去”。常用的连词有when, after,as soon as,(not) until,by thattime,(neverbefore,already,for,since,just等。
★desolate [‘desələt] adj. 荒凉的 a desolate house 废屋 desolate adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无 人居住, 荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连 时) lonely adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方 连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）
by beautiful woods.
★destruction [di'strʌkʃən] n. 破坏, 毁灭 The fire caused the destruction of my books. destructive adj. 毁灭性的 a destructive fire destroy v. 破坏 construct v. 建设(为……创造更好的条件) construction n. 建设, 建筑 construction bank 建设银行
★spray [sprei] v. 喷撒
spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒 spray water over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground
★ grass-seed
grassland grass-seeder grassroots
◆a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点 时间算起，一段时间以前
我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。 2. She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
serious floods as well. ◆winter was coming on 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的 通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过 去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”： ◆for 因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）
I' ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 下面两个词也可以表示原因：
smoker n. 抽烟的人 heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人 ； nonsmoker 不抽烟的人
②v. 吸烟 Don't smoke! = No smoking! He smoked heavily. smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室 cigarette = cigar n. 香烟
As it is raining, let' s stay at home.
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive. ◆wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
草籽 草地 草籽播种机 基层民众，草根
★quantity ['kwɔntəti] n. （数）量
quantities of 大量的……
=in large quantity 大量
small
少量
quality ['kwɔləti] n. 质量
sth. with good quality 具有好质量的东西
3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
❖ rise up (from)
从…… 升上来
❖ smoke rise up
(烟、雾)弥漫
❖ rise to one's feet 站起身
❖ rise in the world 出头，发迹
She was very tired.She had been typing letters all days.
I’d been racing horses for years before I met my wife.
Grammar
过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较 1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换使用：
flood [flʌd] ① n. 洪水, 水灾 at the flood 涨潮
a flood of tears 泪如泉涌 row against the flood 逆水行舟 ②v. 淹没 The room is flooded with water. ③v. 溢满 Warmth flooded my heart.
5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. ◆ put out 扑灭
I prefer quality to quantity.
★root [ru:t, rut] ①n. 根，根茎 root of… ……的根 take root 生根 come out 长出来 shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽） flower come out 开花 ②n. 本质;根源 the root of the problem ③v. 使立定不动；使固定
threaten ['θretən] v.
①威胁 threaten to do sth. 威胁着要做…；有迹象表明……
He threatened to make the photo public. threaten sb. with sth. 以……来威胁/恐吓某人
The thief threatened him with a knife. ②有……预兆 It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要下雨了。
Grammar 过去完成进行时 （the past perfect progressive tense)
一、构成：had been+现在分词 二、concept 1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去
更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过 去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表 示时间的词有before, for, since ,all day等.
❖ The sun rises in the east.
4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain
would not only wash away the soil but would cause
◆in place of 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原 来放的东西现在不在了) e.g.Jane couldn’t go,so I attended the conference in her place. ◆ take the place of = replace
Who will take the place of Mr White? 谁将代替怀特先生？ ◆ instead of 替代+没做的事 Instead of staying home, I went to school.
After he had said goodbye to us all, Captain Alison started his journey. 除此之外还常与连词no sooner…than和hardly…when连用。
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。 Don’t worry, everything is under control. out of control 失去控制
The forest fire was out of control. 这场森林火灾失去了控制。
Fear rooted her to the ground. 她吓的呆;blækən]
❖ v. 变黑，发暗
❖ The smoke has blackened the walls.
❖ 烟把墙熏黑了。
❖ -en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”
❖ weak adj. 虚弱的——> weaken v.
◆get it under control 表示“使它得到控 制”，
get有“使……处于某种状态”的 含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:
2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
v. 控制 I can control it. =I can manage it.我能对付(口语)
Smoke
smoke [sməuk]
①n. 烟（雾） full of smoke 充满烟雾 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪 have a smoke 抽一只烟
Grammar
过去完成时 （The simple past perfect tense )
1.构成，had+过去分词 2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或
情况，
即“较早的过去”。常用的连词有when, after,as soon as,(not) until,by thattime,(neverbefore,already,for,since,just等。
★desolate [‘desələt] adj. 荒凉的 a desolate house 废屋 desolate adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无 人居住, 荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连 时) lonely adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方 连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）
by beautiful woods.
★destruction [di'strʌkʃən] n. 破坏, 毁灭 The fire caused the destruction of my books. destructive adj. 毁灭性的 a destructive fire destroy v. 破坏 construct v. 建设(为……创造更好的条件) construction n. 建设, 建筑 construction bank 建设银行
★spray [sprei] v. 喷撒
spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒 spray water over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground
★ grass-seed
grassland grass-seeder grassroots
◆a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点 时间算起，一段时间以前