2020-2021学年上海市宝山中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年上海市宝山中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案
解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
If you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.
A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."
Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.
The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.
Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.
Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.
Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.
1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"
A. on one's own
B. at no time
C. at the same time
D. by accident
2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .
A. saving time
B. a shortened attention span
C. lower grades at school
D. depression and anxiety
3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?
A. Media multitasking is becoming more popular
B. Multitasking shrinks the brain
C. Multitasking may shorten attention span
D. People are worried about their memories.
B
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannotbe measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
4. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by anIQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
5. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
6. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.
B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
7. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
C
Compared to dogs, cats are often considered to be aloof（冷漠的）with respect to their human owners. It is usual for them to be indifferent（无动于衷的）when humans calltheir names. Are we sure that they don’t understand human voices at all?
A recent study published in the journal of Scientific Reports suggests that we’ve been fooled. Japanese scientists found that cats can recognize their names if their owners regularly use them. In the study, scientists recruited 78 domestic cats. They played recordings of voices of their owners saying five words: the first four words were random nouns thatresembledtheir names while the final word was the cat’s name. Then they observed the cats’ responses, if there were any.
Most of cats moved their ears or heads when they heard their names, while they made no response to other words. That suggested, “cats were paying attention to you, what you say and what you do,” John Bradshaw, an expert on human-animal interactions（互动）at the University of Bristol, UK, told The Times. “And cats were just as good as dogs at learning,” she added.
In the study, when people called their names, cats often associated (联系) the words with rewards, such as food or play, or with “punishments” such as having a bath or going to the vet . This made cats sensitive (敏感的) to words. After the cats had been called several times, they could respond to the words. But the scientists added that while dogs have evolved（进化）to follow their owners’ orders, cats have not. Although cats appear to be distant, they do have special relationships with their owners.
According to study co-author Atsuko Saito, cats have evolved not to show their emotions as a survival method. One example is illness, which they tend to hide because “in the wild, no one can rescue them” and
predators (捕食性动物) are more likely to pay attention to them, Saito explained.
However, technology may help bridge the communication gap between cats and us. There are now mobile apps available to explain what their meows mean. So, the next time you hear “meow, meow”,your cat may be telling you: “Hi, you haven’t cleaned my litter box recently.”
8. What did the recent study find about cats?
A. Cats can recognize their names.
B. Cats are cleverer than dogs.
C. Cats learn more slowly than dogs.
D. Cats are willing to follow orders.
9. What does the underlined word“resembled”in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. were limited to
B. were different from
C. were similar to
D. were away from
10. Why do cats appear distant to their human owners?
A. They associate words with punishments.
B. They want to protect themselves from harm.
C. They are not sensitive to the human voice.
D. They don’t pay much attention to their surroundings.
11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It is difficult to understand cats’ meows.
B. Interaction with your cats is very important.
C. Cats do have good relationships with their owners.
D. We may know cats better with the help of technology.
D
Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.
In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.
And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.
Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.
12. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.
A. chiliescan be beneficial
B. chilies are popular inAmerica
C. chilies can be dangerous
D. serious headaches can be dangerous
13. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.
A. decreasing death rate
B. releasing natural chemicals
C. curing serious headaches
D. providing enough nutrition
14. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.
B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.
C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.
D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.
15. The writer wrote the passage to ________.
A. warn people of the dangers of chilies
B. ask people to eat Carolina Reaper
C. encourage people to eat more chilies
D. tell people the benefits of chilies
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项You're readingThe Week Juniormagazine right now, which means you enjoy finding out about news and interesting stories.____16____Because it's full of things that affect you and your classmates.
If your school doesn't have a newspaper or magazine, speak to a teacher and tell them why it would be a good idea.____17____It can also bring pupils，teachers, parents and carers together. For the people who make the newspaper, it teaches them about writing, being creative, teamwork, computer skills, listening to each other and being responsible.
A good way to start is with a meeting for the people whowant to help. Talk about which school stories you would like to appear in the newspaper, who would be the best person to write them and which photographs and images you can use.____18____
One person-or maybe two or three——might want to be the editor. The editor's job is to decide things like a headline to go with each story and what goes on the front page.
Making the newspaper on a computer doesn't have to be complicated.____19____You can make changes as the stories and pictures come together, and don't be afraid to move things around to make the pages look better.
____20____If printing the pages is difficult or expensive, the publication could be sent out in a digital format through the school's email system or displayed as a blog on the school website.
A. Don't forget to decide on a name for the newspaper too!
B. Try one issue a term so that you will learn more next term.
C. It allows students to discuss events that have happened or are happening.
D. Making a school newspaper is a fun way to create your own publication.
E. You can use simple systems like Microsoft Word, Publisher or Powerpoint.
F. Keep things simple at the beginning, with maybe four pages for the first issue.
G. A visit to the office of a local newspaper would be a great experience for your team.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
The Best Love
I have been married to Scott for 20 years. He has___21___15 pounds. Once a marathon runner, he now runs only down___22___halls. His hair is becomingless and his body shows the___23___of long working hours and too many candy bars.
When my friend asked me "What will make this love last?" I ran through all the obvious___24___: responsibility, unselfishness, physical attraction, communication. Yet there's more. We still have fun. Last Saturday at the grocery, we split the shopping___25___and raced each other to see who could make it to the checkout first.We___26___being together.
There is understanding I understand why he must play basketball with the guys. And he understands why, once a year, I must get away from the house to___27___my sisters for a few days of nonstop talking and laughing.
There is sharing. Not only do we___28___household worries and parental burdens—we also share___29___.Once, Scott sent me a thick historical novel.____30____he prefers thrillers(惊险小说) and science
fiction, he had read the novel first. He____31____my heart when he explained it was because he wanted to be able to____32____ideas about the book after I'd read it.
There is forgiveness. When I'm embarrassingly loud and____33____at parties, Scott forgives me. When he admitted____34____some of our savings in the stock market, I gave him a hug and said, "It's nothing____35____. It's only money."
Finally there is sensitivity. Last week he came home and told me about a 60-year-old woman who'd had a stroke(中风) and would probably never____36____? He wept as he recalled the woman's____37____standing beside her bed, holding her hand. I____38____too. Because it was of the medical crisis. Because there were still people who have been married 40 years. Because my husband is still moved and____39____after years of hospital rooms and dying patients.
I guess we've got what it____40____to make our love last.
21. A. reduced B. lost C. gained D. made
22. A. hospital B. college C. concert D. lecture
23. A. abilities B. chances C. sign D. rights
24. A. methods B. reasons C. solutions D. advantages
25. A. basket B. center C. cost D. list
26. A. avoid B. enjoy C. hate D. mind
27. A. meet B. leave C. attend D. follow
28. A. bear B. share C. tolerate D. escape
29. A. happiness B. sorrow C. interests D. ideas
30. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. Once
31. A. hurt B. took C. stuck D. touched
32. A. exchange B. express C. find D. provide
33. A. polite B. gentle C. crazy D. enthusiastic
34. A. increasing B. losing C. getting D. winning
35. A. strange B. interesting C. special D. serious
36. A. move B. walk C. speak D. recover
37. A. daughter B. son C. husband D. brother
38. A. cried B. smiled C. regretted D. agreed
39. A. excited B. astonished C. concerned D. delighted
40. A. means B. takes C. promises D. brings
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
It was a very dark street. I was on my way home____41.____a friend’s party and decided to take a short cut. I just turned the corner from the main street and started walking towards the light at the end of the short street. Suddenly, almost by magic, I thought, there was someone standing at the far end, under the lamplight. Most people____42.____have been frightened, perhaps terrified, but I wasn’t at all frightened. Perhaps I should have been. There was someone there. I felt somehow that the person—and I couldn’t see____43.____it was a man or a woman—did not mean to harm me.____44.____I wasn’t frightened, I still wasn’t sure what to do. Should I walk on towards the end of the street and towards the light and towards the person? Or should I go back the way I had come? I decided to walk on towards the light.
The “guide”, as I called the person later, stood and waited____45.____I was halfway down the street, and then started walking ahead of me. Even now I couldn’t describe him or her: he or she seemed____46.____(dress) in a long gown, but there was a dim light all around him or her. Certainly I felt safe and followed the person down several streets that I did not know. It was a part of town, I realized, that I____47.____(warn) about, but nothing happened to me, and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road, my “guide” just____48.____(disappear).
The following day I heard that a young person had been killed____49.____(walk) home alone not very far from_____50._____I was that night. I don’t care what other people think. I am sure that the “guide” was my guardian angel and that he or she looked after me.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Terry Fox, is born in 1958, studied physical education in university. At 19, his right leg was fitted with a artificial leg due to bone cancer. In 1980, he decided to run the “Marathon of Hope” across Canada, hoped to let people know about the suffering of cancer patients and to raise money for cancer research. On April 12, he start his run in Newfoundland. It was a difficult run, and he was very determined and kept running. Soon people were gathering along his route to cheer her on. The media began to report on his progresses. Terry had covered 5,373 kilometers before he had to stop because the spread of cancer. He dead in 1981, which great saddened the nation.第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友罗伊正在中国某城市作交换生，他因交不到朋友而苦恼，发来邮件想你求助。

请你用英文给他写封电子邮件，内容主要包括：1.表示安慰2.你的建议。

Dear Roy,
I am sorry to hear that you are having some problems in China.
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. F
21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32.
A 33. C 34.
B 35. D 36. D 37.
C 38. A 39. C 40. B
41. from
42. would/might
43. whether
44. Although/Though/While
45. until 46. to be dressed
47. had been warned
48. disappeared
49. walking
50. where
51.(1).去掉is
(2). a→an
(3).hoped→ hoping 或在hope前加and
(4).start →started
(5).and→ but
(6).her→ him
(7).progresses → progress
(8).because 后加of
(9). dead→ died
(10).great →greatly
52.略。