思达英语托福写作必备短文50篇
新东方背诵50篇英文美文
01 The Language of MusicA pain ter hangs his or her fini shed pictures on a wall, and every one can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it un til it is performed. Professi on al sin gers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical stude nt n eeds to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dan cer. Sin gers practice breathi ng every day, as their vocal chords would be in adequate without con trolled muscular support. String players practice moving the fin gers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm —two entirely different moveme nts.Sin gers and in strume nts have to be able to get every n ote perfectly in tune. Pia ni sts are spared this particular an xiety, for the no tes are already there, wait ing for them, and it is the pia no tun er s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the stri ng have to be coaxed not to sound like percussi on, and each overlapp ing tone has to sound clear.This problem of gett ing clear texture is one that confronts stude nt con ductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at con trolli ng these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Tech nique is of no use uni ess it is comb ined with musical kno wledge and un dersta nding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the Ianguage of music that they can enjoy perform ing works writte n in any cen tury.02 Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Educati on is much more ope n-en ded and all-i nclusive tha n schooli ng. Educati on knows no boun ds. It can take place any where, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitche n or on a tractor. It in cludes both the formal lear ning that takes place in schools and the whole uni verse of in formal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, educati on quite ofte n produces surprises. A cha nee con versati on with a stra nger may lead a pers on to discover how little is known of other religi ons. People are en gaged in educati on from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an in tegral part of oneSchooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be lear ned, whether they are the alphabet or an un dersta nding of the work ing ofgover nment, have usually bee n limited by the boun daries of the subject being taught. For example, high school studentsknow that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooli ng.03 The Definition of “ Price ”Prices determ ine how resourcesare to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex n etwork composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, in clud ing labor, professi on al, tran sportatio n, and public-utility services. The in terrelati on ships of all these prices make up the “ system ” of prices. Thparticular product or service is lin ked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everythi ng seems to depe nd more or less upon everyth ing else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “ price ” , many \that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, i n other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payme nt will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and disco unts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “ package ” being exchanged forfthreaaskedt of money in order that theymay evaluate a give n price.04 ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and teleph ones that it is hard to imag ine what life would be like without them. Whe n there is a power failure, people grope about in flickeri ng can dlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discoveri ng more and more that the liv ing world may hold many in teresti ng secrets of electricity that could ben efit huma nity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too,sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroe ncephalogram.The electric curre nts gen erated by most livi ng cells are extremely small —often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical gen erators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel ' s body are specialized for gen erat ing electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beg inning of drama in an cie nt Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumpti on that drama evolved from ritual. The argume nt for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seas on alcha nges-asu npredictable, and they sought through various means to con trol these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were the n retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dan ce, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importanee was attached to avoiding mistakes in the en actme nt of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Weari ng masks and costumes, they ofte n impers on ated other people, ani mals, or super natural bein gs, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic represe ntati ons were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impers on atio n, acti on, and dialogue by a n arrator and the n through the assumpti on of each of the roles by a differe nt pers on.A closely related theory traces theater to those dan ces that are primarily rhythmical and gymn astic or that are imitati ons of ani mal moveme nts and soun ds.06 TelevisionTelevision——the most pervasive and persuasive of moder n tech no logies, marked by rapid cha ngeand growth-is movi ng in to a new era, an era of extraord inary sophisticate n and versatility, which promisesto reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer tech nologies.The word "televisi on", derived from its Greek (tele: dista nt) and Lat in (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distanee. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoc on ductive plate with in a camera) into electr onic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electro nically rec on stituted in to that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for com muni catio n, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reachi ng other huma n bein gs.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave tran smissi on of televisi on sig nals. Second, there is non broadcast televisi on, which provides for the n eeds of in dividuals or specific in terest groups through con trolled tran smissi on tech niq ues.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has bee n con trolled, for the most part, by the broadcast n etworks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have bee n the major purveyors of n ews, in formatio n, and en terta inment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dyn amic medium as the passive viewer.07 Andrew CarnegieAn drew Carn egie, known as the Ki ng of Steel, built the steel in dustry in the Un ited States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His successresulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decli ne, whe n most of his competitors were reduci ng their in vestme nts.Carn egie believed that in dividuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt stron gly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the ben efit of society. He opposed charity, preferri ng in stead to provide educatio nal opport un ities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he ofte n said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of n ati onal history. He also foun ded a school of tech no logy that is now part of Carn egie-Mell on University. Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientificresearch, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few America ns have bee n left un touched by An drew Carn egie's gen erosity. His con tributio ns of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08 American RevolutionThe American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent n ati ons. Sign ifica nt cha nges were ushered in, but they were not breathtak ing. What happe ned was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of In depe ndence heralded the birth of three moder n n ati ons. One was Can ada, which received its first large in flux of En glish-speak ing populati on from the thousa nds of loyalists who fled there from the Un ited States. Ano ther was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no Ion ger available for pris oners and debtors. The third n ewcomer-the Un ited States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, no tably Conn ecticut and Rhode Isla nd, the war largely ratified a colo nial self-rule already existi ng. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.09 SuburbanizationIf by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburba ni zati on bega n duri ng the emerge nceof the in dustrial city in the sec ond quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and hous ing was n eeded for the thousa nds of people draw n by the prospect of employme nt. In time, the factories were surro un ded by proliferati ng mill tow ns of apartme nts and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their in dustrial n eighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia ann exed most of Philadelphia Coun ty. Similar mun icipal man euvers took place in Chicago and in New York. In deed, most great cities of the Un ited States achieved such status only by in corporati ng the com mun ities along their borders.With the acceleratio n of in dustrial growth came acute urba n crowd ing and accompa nying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric tracti on line was developed. Within a few years the horse-draw n trolleys were retired and electric streetcar n etworks crisscrossed and conn ected every major urba n area, fosteri ng a wave of suburba ni zati on that tran sformed the compact in dustrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburba ni zati on was rein forced by the simulta neous emerge nee of the urba n Middle Class, whosedesires for homeow nership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family hous ing tracts.10 Types of SpeechStan dard usage in cludes those words and expressi ons un derstood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a Ianguage in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressi ons are well defi ned and listed in sta ndard dict ion aries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are un derstood by almost all speakers of a Ian guage and used in in formal speech or writi ng, but not con sidered appropriate for more formal situati ons. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial Ianguage. Slang, however, refers to words and expressi ons un derstood by a large nu mber of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressi ons and eve n sla ng may be found in sta ndard dicti on aries but will be so ide ntified. Both colloquial usage and sla ng are more com mon in speech tha n in writi ng.Colloquial speech ofte n passes into sta ndard speech. Some sla ng also passes into sta ndard speech, but other sla ng expressi ons enjoy mome ntary popularity followed by obscurity .In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every gen erati on seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creati on of a large body of sla ng expressi ons. First, the in troducti on and accepta nee of new objects and situati ons in the society; sec ond, a diverse populati on with a large nu mber of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.Fin ally, it is worth no ti ng that the terms "sta ndard" "colloquial" and "sla ng" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study Ian guage. Only a tiny nu mber of the speakers of any Ian guage will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions.Most speakersof English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.11 ArchaeologyArchaeology is a source of history, n ot just a bumble auxiliary discipli ne. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts, Just as much as any other historia n, an archaeologist studies and tries to rec on stitute the process that has created the human world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar ki nd based upon writte n records.Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significanee. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records uni ess they are captured by a dictapho ne or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral fromthe archaeologist's sta ndpo int. What is perhaps worse, most orga nic materials are perishable. Everyth ing made of wood, hide, wool, li nen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and froze n soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.12 MuseumsFrom Bost on to Los An geles, from New York City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either pla nning, buildi ng, or wrapp ing up wholesale expa nsion programs. These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future.In New York City alone, six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and n eighborhoods around them or are prepari ng to do so.The reas ons for this con flue nce of activity are complex, but one factor is a con siderati on everywhere - space. With collecti ons expa nding, with the n eeds and fun cti ons of museums cha nging, empty space has become a very precious commodity.Probably no where in the country is this more true tha n at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed additional space for decades and which received its last significant facelift ten years ago. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen its collecti ons.Deaccess ing - or selli ng off - works of art has take n on new importa nce because of the museum's space problems. And in creas in gly, curators have bee n forced to juggle gallery space, rotat ing one masterpiece into public view while ano ther is sent to storage.Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however," the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years," according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's preside nt.13 Skyscrapers and EnvironmentIn the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmentai problems, and new steel-a nd-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists poin ted out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily dema nd for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts-e no ugh to supply the en tire city of Alba ny, New York, for a day.Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lesse n thestra in on heati ng and air-c on diti oning equipme nt, builders of skyscrapers have beg un to use double-glazed pan els of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surro unding air and affect n eighbori ng build in gs.Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Cen ter towers in New York City would alone gen erate 2.25 milli on gall ons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.14 A Rare Fossil RecordThe preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skelet ons are usually scattered by scave ngers or destroyed by weatheri ng before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other ani mals, a lack of swift curre nts and waves to jumble and carry away small bon es, and fairly rapid burial. Give n these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur rema ins are found in black, bitu minous marine shales deposited about 190 milli on years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the nu mber of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have bee n reported from 6 differe nt levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmade n, suggest ing that a specific site was used by large nu mbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advaneed in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specime n is eve n preserved in the birth can al. I n additi on, the shale contains the rema ins of many n ewbor ns that are betwee n 20 and 30 in ches long.Why are there so many preg nant females and young at Holzmade n whe n they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awarenessof the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.15 The Nobel AcademyFor the last 82years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal. But today the Academy is coming un der heavy criticism both from the without and from within. Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself. According to Ingmar Bjorksten , the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers, the prize continues to represe nt "what people call a very Swedish exercise: reflecting Swedish tastes."The Academy has defe nded itself aga inst such charges of provin cialism in its select ion by assert ing that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside in flue nces. This may well be true, but critics resp ond that this very dista nce may also be resp on sible for the Academy's in ability to perceive accurately authe ntic trends in the literary world.Regardless of concerns over the selection process, however, it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal that writers seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompa ny it; not only is the cash prize itself con siderable, but it also dramatically in creases sales of an author's books.16. the war between Britain and FranceIn the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa ,the West In dies, and Lati n America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger con flict, and were ofte n at least partially related to its an tago nist ' go France sought total domination of Europe . this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain'efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties. Britain built coalitions (not dissimilar in concept to today ' NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major Europea n con flicts. These two an tag oni sts were poorly matched, in sofar as they had very un equal stre ngths; France was predo minant on land, Brita in at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships. Accord in gly, France set out to overcome Brita in by exte nding its military domin ati on fromMoscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintainorder at home.French strategists calculated that a n avy of 150 ships would provide the force n ecessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantageover Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain ' s superior sea skills andceubnoiogy beBrita in ' s superior sea skills and tech no logy, and also because Brita in would be fighti ng a defe nsive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force n eared that goal, Napole on grew in creas in gly impatie nt and bega n pla nning an immediate attack.17. Evolution of sleepSleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographicsensewe share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.。
新托福满分作文范文(30篇).pdf教学教材
新托福满分作文范文(30篇).p d f托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏（１）Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice?As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shinin g compared with group’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking o thers’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(2)Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others' advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and1capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone's mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group's wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders' of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others' advice instead of getting everything done on one's own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(3)After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns. Others live in different towns and cities. Which do you think is beterr? Give reasons for your answer.After they complete their univerrsity studies, some students preferr to live in their hometowns while others choose to live in different towns or cities. Everybody has his own reasons for his preference. After my graduation, I will go back and live in my home city. I have made this decision because of the following reasons.Firstly, my home city is a big city that can offer a lot. There are plenty of opportunities for work, many big libraries for studies, several differrent musiums for visit, and numerous cinemas, theaters and centers for entertainment. When I go back there, I will have no difficulty in finding a job suitable for me and I can make use of all the facilities available there.Secondly, if I go back to my home city, I can look after my parents. I take this into consideration because I am their only child and they are now weak and getting on in age. If I live in the same city with them, I can visit them very often and help them whenever it is necessary.Thirdly, if I live in my home city, I will have a lot of friends, schoolmates and relatives to visit and to turn to for help when I need. Of course, I could get acquainted with many people and make many friends if I were to go to live in a strange place, but that takes time. If I go back to my home city, everybody will be waiting for me and I will be able to settle down comfortably without any trouble and waste of time.In short, my choise is based on a careful consideration of my home city and my family. I think it is a better or sensible choice; in a certain sense, it is a must.Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(4)If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property, who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up, and who is supportive in times of crisis.A good neighbor is someone who, for instance, understands that your children may occasionally run across his lawn,- even though you tell them not to. He'll realize that children can be careless about things like that, and he won't make a big fuss about it unless it becomes a regular thing. In the same vein, he knows that you'll understand if some of the trash from his trash cans blows across into your yard. In other words, he is sensitive to the unintentional things that can happen. He doesn't make a big deal about them.A good neighbor is also respectful of your property. For example, she asks your permission before doing anything that interferes with what's yours. This means she wouldn't plant a huge tree in between your houses without asking how you felt about it. If she wanted to put up a fence, she would let you know first. She might work with you to decide where it should be placed. Maybe the two of you would even split the cost.A good neighbor would lend you some milk if you ran out. She'd give you a ride to work if your car was broken, and let your children stay at her house in the evening if you got stuck working overtime. You would do the same for her. Both of you would help make the other's life easier.When something really awful happens to you, like a death in the family, a good neighbor will volunteer to help in any way he can. This could mean something small, like making some casseroles to put in your freezer to feed visiting relatives. Or it could mean something big, like helping you get through the sadness of the funeral.I think only someone who has experienced a bad neighbor can really appreciate a good one!A good neighbor can be a good friend. He or she can make all the difference in the world to your life.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(5)Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and esamples to support your answer.Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare food at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house don’t always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home.While eating in restaurants is fast, the money you spend can add up. When I have dinner at a restaurant with a friend, the bill is usually over twenty dollars. I can buy a lot of groceries with that much money. Even lunch at a fast-food stand usually costs five or six dollars for one person. That’s enough to feed the whole family at home.Eating at home is better for you, too. Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories, and they serve big plates of food-much more food-than you need to eat at one meal. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients. You can use margarine instead of butter on your potatoes, or not put so much cheese on top of your pizza. At home, you can control yourportion size. You can serve yourself as little as you want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of food "because you paid for it."I t’s true that eating out is convenient. You don’t have to shop, or cook, or clean up. But real home cooking doesn’t have to take up a lot of time. There are lots of simple meals that don’t take long to make. In fact, they’re faster than eating out, especia lly if you think of the time you spend driving to a restaurant, parking, waiting for a table,, waiting for service, and driving home.Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(6)题目：It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.A New Movie TheaterEntertainment is an important part of everyone’s life. We all need to take time to relax insgroupsto live healthy lives and do our work efficiently. It is easier to relax when an appropriate form of entertainment is convenient and close by. Therefore, I would support a proposal to build a new movie theater in my neighborhood.Entertainment places can bring some disadvantages to a community such as increased traffic and noise, but I believe the advantages of a new movie theater would outweigh these concerns. For one thing, the people in my neighborhood would save time. When they wanted to see a movie they could simply walk to the new theater rather than spend time traveling by bus or car. In addition, it would be safer for children to visit a nearby movie theater rather than one in some other part of the city. And finally, a new theater might attract other businesses, such as restaurants and coffee shops, where the people of my neighborhood could go to relax.In short, a new movie theater in the neighborhood would increase the number of entertainment options for the residents. They could enjoy themselves more easily without spending a lot of time traveling to another part of the city. For these reasons I would support the building of a movie theater in my neighborhood.译文：一家新电影院娱乐是每个人生活中一个重要的组成部分。
新东方背诵短文50篇
1、Cells and Temperature 细胞与温度Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into―warm-blooded‖ and ―cold-blooded‖ species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-blooded----usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called home0therms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms. But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.细胞只能在一定的温度范围内存活，而进一步保证它们有效工作的温度范围就更小了。
托福写作tpo50独立写作范文
托福写作tpo50独立写作范文英文回答：In my opinion, the ability to communicate effectively with others is one of the most important skills a personcan have. Not only does effective communication help us to express our thoughts and ideas clearly, but it also enables us to build strong relationships and connect with others on a deeper level.One reason why effective communication is important is that it allows us to express our thoughts and ideas clearly. When we are able to articulate our thoughts and ideas in a concise and coherent manner, we are more likely to be understood by others. This is especially important in professional settings, where clear communication is key to success. For example, if a manager is unable to effectively communicate their expectations to their team, it can leadto confusion and misunderstandings, which can ultimately hinder the team's performance.Another reason why effective communication is important is that it helps us to build strong relationships. When we are able to communicate our thoughts and feelings openly and honestly, we are more likely to develop trust and understanding with others. This is especially important in personal relationships, where effective communication is essential for resolving conflicts and maintaining a healthy relationship. For instance, if a couple is unable to communicate their needs and concerns to each other, it can lead to resentment and dissatisfaction in the relationship.Furthermore, effective communication allows us to connect with others on a deeper level. When we are able to communicate our emotions and experiences, we are able to create a sense of empathy and understanding with others. This is especially important in social settings, where effective communication is crucial for building meaningful connections. For example, if a person is able to sharetheir personal experiences and listen to others with empathy, they are more likely to form genuine friendships and connections.中文回答：在我看来，与他人有效地沟通是一个人最重要的技能之一。
新东方背诵作文50篇(31
新东方背诵作文50篇(31Columbia is the third largest Canadian provinces, both in area and population. It is nearly 1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles(1,280km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada’s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also carry moisture from the ocean.Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the RockyMountains. As they rise to cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500cm) of rain fall each year.More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet(90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet(3m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.32 BotanyBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but form what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants arethe basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge”at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather thangetting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild- and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.33 Plankton浮游生物. / 'plжηktэn; `plжηktэn/Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals.Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.Despite its enormous food potential, little effect was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even moreimportant as a means of feeding an expanding world population.No one yet has seriously suggested that “plankton-burgers”may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimp-like creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provides the major food for the great blue whale, the largest animal to ever inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.34 Raising OystersIn the oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes- by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other debris, then scattered clean shells about. Next, they ”planted”fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until theyattached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat. The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy people’s needs. But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900’s marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-equipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attack and eat baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly kept at it. Finally, in the 1940’s a significant breakthrough was made.The marine biologists discovered that by raising thetemperature of the water, they could induce oysters to spawn not only in the summer but also in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further, they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, grew faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities and temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better!35.Oil RefiningAn important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil war. Crude oil, or petroleum –a dark, thick ooze from the earth –had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850’s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake’s Folly”. But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.News of Drake’s success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold”all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880’s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.36.Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor SpreadingThe theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earththat includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle. The lithosphere(n.[地]岩石圈)is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another. A mid-ocean ridge is a boundary between plates where new lithospheric material is injected from below. As the plates diverge from a mid-ocean ridge they slide on a more yielding layer at the base of the lithosphere.Since the size of the Earth is essentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocean ridges only if an equal amount of lithospheric material is consumed elsewhere. The site of this destruction is another kind of plate boundary: a subduction zone. There one plate dives under the edge of another and is reincorporated into the mantle. Both kinds of plate boundary are associated with fault systems, earthquakes and volcanism, but the kinds of geologic activity observed at the two boundaries are quite different.The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics. In its original version, in the early 1960’s, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates. The hypothesis was substantiated soon afterward by the discovery that periodic reversals of the Earth’s magnetic field arerecorded in the oceanic crust. As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetized in the direction of the magma become magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field. When the magma cools and solidifies, the direction and the polarity of the field are preserved in the magnetized volcanic rock. Reversals of the field give rise to a series of magnetic stripes running parallel to the axis of the rift. The oceanic crust thus serves as a magnetic tape recording of the history of the geomagnetic field that can be dated independently; the width of the stripes indicates the rate of the sea-floor spreading.37 IcebergsIcebergs are among nature’s most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being ----- somewhere ------in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.Objects of sheerest beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may bedazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly of in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring ----- in calm, sunlight seas.But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are ---- in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.As each year’s snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. Soblankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.38 TopazTopaz is a hard, transparent mineral. It is a compound of aluminum, silica, and fluorine. Gem topaz is valuable. Jewelers call this variety of the stone “precious topaz”. The best-known precious topaz gems range in color from rich yellow to light brown or pinkish red. Topaz is one of the hardest gem minerals. In the mineral table of hardness, it has a rating of 8, which means that a knife cannot cut it, and that topaz will scratch quartz.The golden variety of precious topaz is quite uncommon. Most of the world’s topaz is white or blue. The white and blue crystals of topaz are large, often weighing thousands of carats. For this reason, the value of topaz does not depend so much on its size as it does with diamonds and many other precious stones, where the value increases about four times with eachdoubling of weight. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality. But color is also important: blue topaz, for instance, is often irradiated to deepen and improve its color.Blue topaz is often sold as aquamarine and a variety of brown quartz is widely sold as topaz. The quartz is much less brilliant and more plentiful than true topaz. Most of it is variety of amethyst: that heat has turned brown.NOTE:topaz / 'tэupжz; `topжz/ n (a) [U] transparent yellow mineral 黄玉（矿物）.(b) [C] semi-precious gem cut from this 黄玉; 黄宝石.39 The Salinity of Ocean WatersIf the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation--- conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, whichincreases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.NOTE：salinity / sэ'linэti; sэ`linэti/n [U] the high salinity of sea water 海水的高含盐量.-àsaline / 'seilain; US -li:n; `selin/1.adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) containing salt; salty 含盐的; 咸的:* a saline lake 盐湖* saline springs 盐泉* saline solution, eg as used for gargling, storing contact lenses, etc 盐溶液（如用于漱喉、存放隐形眼镜等）.2. n [U] (medical 医) solution of salt and water 盐水.40 Cohesion-tension TheoryAtmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher; the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experimentsdemonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: how does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that thestrength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.新东方背诵作文50篇(31-40) 相关内容:。
托福考试的英文作文范文
Notes on the TOEFL examinationThe TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is an essential exam that measures an individual's English proficiency. It is a standard admission requirement for non-native English speakers who wish to enroll in English-speaking universities, colleges, or professional schools. The exam evaluates an individual's proficiency in reading,writing, listening, and speaking in English. Scores rangefrom 0 to 120, and students should aim for a score of atleast 80 for undergraduate admission and at least 90 for graduate admission.The TOEFL examination has four sections: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The reading section includes threeto five reading passages with 12 to 14 questions each. The writing section includes two prompts where students are required to write an essay based on a given topic. Thelistening section comprises of four to six lectures or conversations, and students answer multiple-choice questions based on these. The speaking section consists of six tasks where students have to present their opinions on varioustopics and scenarios.To succeed in the TOEFL examination, students should follow some critical tips and guidelines:1. Use past papers to practice and improve time management.2. Build a strong vocabulary by reading newspapers, magazines, and novels.3. Watch English TV shows, movies, and listen to English podcasts.4. Master the grammar rules by taking a refresher course.5. Seek feedback from others on your English speaking and writing skills.Some other essential factors to consider include preparing for the exam well in advance, avoiding cramming, and developing an efficient test-taking strategy. Students should also get enough rest, exercise, and eat healthy foods before taking the exam.In conclusion, the TOEFL examination is an important measure of an individual's English proficiency and a crucial admission requirement for non-native English speakers. To succeed in the exam, students need to prepare well, practice regularly, build vocabulary, master grammar rules, and adopt an efficient test-taking strategy. By following these tips and guidelines, students can increase their chances of securing the minimum required score for admission.。
托福满分作文范文(30篇)
托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏（１）Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice?As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge bor rowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explai ns why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(2)Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others' advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone's mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group's wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders' of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.Asking others' advice instead of getting everything done on one's own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(3)After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns. Others live in different towns and cities. Which do you think is beterr? Give reasons for your answer.After they complete their univerrsity studies, some students preferr to live in their hometowns while others choose to live in different towns or cities. Everybody has his own reasons for his preference. After my graduation, I will go back and live in my home city. I have made this decision because of the following reasons.Firstly, my home city is a big city that can offer a lot. There are plenty of opportunities for work, many big libraries for studies, several differrent musiums for visit, and numerous cinemas, theaters and centers for entertainment. When I go back there, I will have no difficulty in finding a job suitable for me and I can make use of all the facilities available there.Secondly, if I go back to my home city, I can look after my parents. I take this into consideration because I am their only child and they are now weak and getting on in age. If I live in the same city with them, I can visit them very often and help them whenever it is necessary.Thirdly, if I live in my home city, I will have a lot of friends, schoolmates and relatives to visit and to turn to for help when I need. Of course, I could get acquainted with many people and make many friends if I were to go to live in a strange place, but that takes time. If I go back to my home city, everybody will be waiting for me and I will be able to settle down comfortably without any trouble and waste of time.In short, my choise is based on a careful consideration of my home city and my family. I think it is a better or sensible choice; in a certain sense, it is a must.Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(4)If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property, who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up, and who is supportive in times of crisis.A good neighbor is someone who, for instance, understands that your children may occasionally run across his lawn,- even though you tell them not to. He'll realize that children can be careless about things like that, and he won't make a big fuss about it unless it becomes a regular thing. In the same vein, he knows that you'll understand if some of the trash from his trash cans blows across into your yard. In other words, he is sensitive to the unintentional things that can happen. He doesn't make a big deal about them.A good neighbor is also respectful of your property. For example, she asks your permission before doing anything that interferes with what's yours. This means she wouldn't plant a huge tree in between your houses without asking how you felt about it. If she wanted to put up a fence, she would let you know first. She might work with you to decide where it should be placed. Maybe the two of you would even split the cost.A good neighbor would lend you some milk if you ran out. She'd give you a ride to work if your car was broken, and let your children stay at her house in the evening if you got stuck working overtime. You would do the same for her. Both of you would help make the other's life easier.When something really awful happens to you, like a death in the family, a good neighbor will volunteer to help in any way he can. This could mean something small, like making some casseroles to put in your freezer to feed visiting relatives. Or it could mean something big, like helping you get through the sadness of the funeral.I think only someone who has experienced a bad neighbor can really appreciate a good one! A good neighbor can be a good friend. He or she can make all the difference in the world to your life.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(5)Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and esamples to support your answer.Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare food at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house don’t always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home.While eating in restaurants is fast, the money you spend can add up. When I have dinner at a restaurant with a friend, the bill is usually over twenty dollars. I can buy a lot of groceries with that much money. Even lunch at a fast-food stan d usually costs five or six dollars for one person. That’s enough to feed the whole family at home.Eating at home is better for you, too. Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories, and they serve big plates of food-much more food-than you need to eat at one meal. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients. You can use margarine instead of butter on your potatoes, or not put so much cheese on top of your pizza. At home, you can control your portion size. You can serve yourself as little as you want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of food "because you paid for it."It’s true that eating out is convenient. You don’t have to shop, or cook, or clean up. But real home cooking doesn’t have to take up a lot of time. There are lots of simple meals that don’t take long to make. In fact, they’re faster than eating out, especially if you think of the time you spend driving to a restaurant, parking, waiting for a table,, waiting for service, and driving home.Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(6)题目：It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.A New Movie TheaterEntertainment is an importan t part of everyone’s life. We all need to take time to relax insgroupsto live healthy lives and do our work efficiently. It is easier to relax when an appropriate form of entertainment is convenient and close by. Therefore, I would support a proposal to build a new movie theater in my neighborhood.Entertainment places can bring some disadvantages to a community such as increased traffic and noise, but I believe the advantages of a new movie theater would outweigh these concerns. For one thing, the people in my neighborhood would save time. When they wanted to see a movie they could simply walk to the new theater rather than spend time traveling by bus or car. In addition, it would be safer for children to visit a nearby movie theater rather than one in some other part of the city. And finally, a new theater might attract other businesses, such as restaurants and coffee shops, where the people of my neighborhood could go to relax.In short, a new movie theater in the neighborhood would increase the number of entertainment options for the residents. They could enjoy themselves more easily without spending a lot of time traveling to another part of the city. For these reasons I would support the building of a movie theater in my neighborhood.译文：一家新电影院娱乐是每个人生活中一个重要的组成部分。
关于托福考试高分作文范文
关于托福考试高分作文范文开头段：Nowadays, the prosperity of modern technology is being exhibited in almost all corners of society. No one shall deny the powerful role technology plays. Recently, a controversial issue was put forward, suggesting that technology actually makes life more complicated. However, as far as I am concerned, life has definitely become much more comfortable and convenient due to technology development.主体段1：To begin with, advanced technology has made it easier for people to study. Thanks to the tremendous impacts of the information age, numerous sources of education are provided through network and mass media. The advancement in technological development such as computers and smart phones have brought easier access for the public to acquire knowledge and receive better education. With simple clicks of the mouse, the learning process could begin and run smoothly. Internet has created opportunities for all people to realize portable and customized education. For instance, useful reading materials could be downloaded and installed in portable digital readers. People no longer have to borrow printed book from library or purchase pile of heavy books from bookstores. Reading has become more convenient, and reading experience has improved as well.主体段2：In addition, with technology development, communications between people are more convenient than ever. In addition to the traditional methods like making phone calls and sending letters or postcards by mail, new technology has brought forth many efficient channels that can help strengthen friendships across distance. For instance, among all the helpfulonline communication tools being developed recently is the one called WeChat. It is an app posing a great impact on our lives. Any WeChat user can send text and voice message, images or videos for free. They can also have voice or video conversations or conferences with this app. Faraway friends or family members can be reached handily at any time. They can even see each other through video chatting. In this way, the development in technology allows people to transcend the barriers of time and distance, making our life simpler and easier.主体段3：Admittedly, by taking advantage of the Internet, more high-tech crimes may appear, such as credit card fraud and online robbery. All these venomous behaviors considerably harm people’s interests and social security. However, as the society progresses, the government would attach greater importance on these social problems. More relevant laws and regulations would be enacted and executed by the government to stop cyber and high-tech crimes. Thus, the merits of technology far exceed its defects.结尾段：T o conclude, concerning all the details mention above, there is every reason to believe that technology makes our life simpler rather than more complicated.(注：此篇是童老师在学员原文基础上进行的修改版~)微信公众号：纯青教育。
托福英文作文范文
托福英文作文范文1. I love traveling to new places and experiencing different cultures. It's always exciting to try new foods, meet new people, and explore unfamiliar landscapes. 。
2. One of my favorite things to do in my free time is to go hiking in the mountains. There's something so peaceful about being surrounded by nature and breathing in the fresh air. 。
3. I'm a big fan of music, especially live concerts. There's just something magical about being in a crowd of people, all singing along to the same songs and feeling the music pulsing through your body. 。
4. Reading has always been a passion of mine. I love getting lost in a good book and immersing myself in a different world. It's a great way to relax and unwind after a long day. 。
5. I enjoy trying new activities and challenging myself. Whether it's rock climbing, surfing, or learning a new language, I believe it's important to step out of your comfort zone and push yourself to grow. 。
托福英文作文范文10篇
托福英文作文范文1. 教育话题题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics?I strongly agree with the statement that studying history and literature is more important for students than studying science and mathematics. While science and mathematics are undoubtedly valuable subjects, history and literature provide students with a well-rounded education that fosters critical thinking, cultural understanding, and communication skills.History allows students to learn from the past, understand the evolution of societies, and gain insights into the consequences of human actions. Literature, on the other hand, exposes students to diverse perspectives, fosters empathy, and enhances language skills.While science and mathematics are essential for technological advancements, history and literature provide the ethical and cultural context necessary for responsible innovation. Therefore, a balanced curriculum that includes history and literature is vital for developing informed and well-rounded individuals.2. 科技与社会题目：Some people believe that technology has made children less creative than they were in the past. Do you agree or disagree?I disagree with the notion that technology has made children less creative. While technology has introduced new forms of entertainment and learning, it has also provided opportunities for creativity and innovation.Technology enables children to engage in various creative activities. They can create digital art, compose music using software, and even design video games.Additionally, access to information and diverse perspectives through the internet can inspire creativity and expand their horizons.Moreover, technology often requires problem-solving and critical thinking skills, which are fundamental to creativity. Children who use technology to solve puzzles, code, or explore scientific concepts are actively engaging their creative minds.In conclusion, technology can serve as a powerful tool to foster creativity in children when used thoughtfully and in moderation. It opens up new avenues for expression and problem-solving, making it a valuable asset rather than a hindrance to creativity.3. 环境问题题目：Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, and that only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree?I disagree with the notion that individuals cannot make a difference in solving environmental problems. While government and large companies play significant roles, individual actions collectively have a substantial impact on the environment.Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by conserving energy, using public transportation, and adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives. By making environmentally conscious choices, such as reducing plastic waste or conserving water, individuals contribute to positive environmental change.Furthermore, individual actions can influence governments and corporations. Grassroots movements and consumer demand for eco-friendly products have led to policy changes and increased corporate responsibility. For instance, the push for renewable energy sources and stricter environmental regulations has been driven, in part, by public awareness and advocacy.In conclusion, individuals have the power to make a difference in addressing environmental problems through their choices, actions, and influence on largerentities. While governments and corporations have a crucial role to play, individual efforts are integral to creating a sustainable future.4. 社会问题题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for governments to spend money on art such as music, painting, and dance?I strongly agree with the statement that it is important for governments to spend money on art. Art plays a vital role in society, fostering cultural enrichment, creativity, and social cohesion.Government investment in art supports cultural preservation and heritage. Museums, galleries, and cultural institutions receive funding to protect and showcase valuable artworks, preserving the cultural identity and history of a nation.Art also enhances creativity and innovation, benefiting society as a whole. Exposure to various forms of art, such as music, painting, and dance, stimulates creative thinking, problem-solving, and individual expression. This creativity can have positive impacts in fields beyond art, including science, technology, and business.Additionally, art contributes to social cohesion by providing a platform for shared experiences and expressions of diverse perspectives. Cultural events and artistic performances bring communities together, fostering a sense of unity and belonging.In conclusion, government investment in art is a wise allocation of resources that promotes cultural preservation, creativity, and social cohesion. It enriches society in ways that extend beyond the artistic realm.5. 移民与多元文化题目：Some people believe that immigrants should adopt the culture of their new country, while others think they should maintain their own cultural traditions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.The question of whether immigrants should adopt the culture of their new country or maintain their own cultural traditions is a complex one, with valid arguments on both sides.Advocates for cultural assimilation argue that adopting the culture of the host country is essential for social cohesion and integration. They contend that shared values, language, and customs facilitate better communication and understanding among diverse communities. Cultural assimilation, they argue, helps immigrants become active and productive members of their new society.On the other hand, supporters of cultural preservation argue that maintaining one's cultural traditions is vital for preserving identity and diversity. They believe that a multicultural society is enriched by the contributions of various cultures and that immigrants should not be forced to abandon their heritage. Cultural preservation, they argue, can lead to a more vibrant and inclusive society.In my opinion, the ideal approach lies in a balance between assimilation and cultural preservation. Immigrants should have the freedom to choose which aspects of their cultural heritage they wish to maintain, while also respecting and adapting to the cultural norms and values of their new country. This balance allows for the coexistence of diverse cultures while fostering integration and understanding within the broader society.6. 健康与生活方式题目：Some people believe that the government should promote a vegetarian diet to improve public health, while others think it should be a personal choice. Discuss both views and give your opinion.The promotion of a vegetarian diet by the government to improve public health is a topic of debate. Some argue that it should be a personal choice, while others believe in government intervention.Proponents of government promotion of a vegetarian diet argue that it can lead to better public health outcomes by reducing the consumption of meat, which is associated with various health risks. They contend that government campaigns can educate the public about the benefits of a vegetarian diet and provide incentives for healthier eating.On the other hand, advocates for personal choice argue that individuals should have the freedom to make their dietary decisions based on their preferences and beliefs. They believe that government should not interfere in matters of personal choice, including what people choose to eat.In my view, the government should play a role in promoting healthy dietary choices, but it should not mandate a vegetarian diet. Education and awareness campaigns can provide information about the health benefits of reducing meat consumption, but the ultimate decision should rest with individuals. Encouraging a balanced and informed approach to diet is key to improving public health.7. 社会问题题目：Some people argue that the death penalty should be abolished because it is inhumane, while others believe it serves as an effective deterrent for serious crimes. Discuss both views and give your opinion.The debate over the death penalty is a contentious one, with arguments on both sides regarding its humanity and effectiveness as a deterrent for serious crimes.Opponents of the death penalty argue that it is inhumane and violates the right to life. They contend that there is a risk of executing innocent individuals, and that the death penalty does not serve as an effective deterrent, as there is no conclusive evidence that it reduces serious crimes.On the other hand, proponents of the death penalty believe that it serves as a powerful deterrent for heinous crimes such as murder. They argue that it provides closure to victims' families and ensures that dangerous criminals do not have the opportunity to commit further crimes.In my opinion, the death penalty should be abolished. The potential for irreversible errors in judgment and the ethical concerns surrounding taking a human life outweigh any potential deterrent effect. Alternative forms of punishment, such as life imprisonment, can ensure public safety without resorting to state-sanctioned killing.8. 教育话题题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school.I strongly agree with the statement that all students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Art and music education offer numerous benefits that contribute to a well-rounded education and personal development.Firstly, art and music stimulate creativity and self-expression. They provide students with an outlet for their emotions and thoughts, fostering imagination and critical thinking. These skills are valuable in various aspects of life and can enhance problem-solving abilities.Secondly, art and music education promote cultural appreciation and awareness. They expose students to different artistic styles, historical periods, and culturaltraditions, fostering empathy and an understanding of diverse perspectives. This cultural awareness is essential in an increasingly globalized world.Furthermore, art and music can have a positive impact on emotional well-being. They provide avenues for stress relief and self-reflection, contributing to mental and emotional health.In conclusion, requiring students to study art and music in secondary school is essential for their holistic development. These subjects nurture creativity, cultural understanding, and emotional well-being, making them integral components of a comprehensive education.9. 科技与社会题目：Some people believe that advancements in technology, such as the internet and smartphones, have made people more isolated and less sociable. Do you agree or disagree?The impact of advancements in technology, including the internet and smartphones, on social interactions is a matter of debate. Some argue that these technologies have made people more isolated and less sociable, while others disagree.I agree with the view that advancements in technology have had a mixed impact on social interactions. While they have created new forms of communication and connection, they have also brought challenges related to isolation and reducedface-to-face interaction.Technology, such as social media and instant messaging, enables people to stay in touch with friends and family, even across great distances. It can also facilitate the formation of online communities and support networks. However, the overuse of technology can lead to reduced physical interactions, as people spend more time on screens and less time engaging with others in person.Moreover, technology has changed the nature of social interactions. It can lead to shallow, online-only relationships, making it essential for individuals to strike a balance between virtual and real-world connections.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to enhance social interactions and connections, it also carries the risk of isolation when used excessively. It is crucial for individuals to use technology mindfully and prioritize in-person interactions to maintain healthy social relationships.10. 环境问题题目：Some people believe that individual actions, such as recycling and conserving energy, are not sufficient to address environmental problems. They argue that governments and large corporations must take the lead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?I believe that individual actions, such as recycling and conserving energy, are important but not sufficient on their own to address environmental problems. Governments and large corporations must also take a proactive role in environmental conservation.Individual actions, such as reducing waste and adopting sustainable practices, play a crucial role in raising environmental awareness and setting an example for others. However, the scale of environmental issues, such as climate change and habitat destruction, requires coordinated efforts at a larger scale.Governments have the power to implement policies and regulations that can significantly impact environmental conservation. They can establish emissions standards, invest in renewable energy sources, and protect natural habitats. Government actions can create a conducive environment for sustainable practices.Large corporations are major contributors to environmental issues, but they also have the resources and influence to make substantial changes. When corporationsadopt sustainable practices, reduce emissions, and prioritize eco-friendly products, they can have a significant positive impact on the environment.In conclusion, addressing environmental problems requires a multi-pronged approach. While individual actions are important, governments and large corporations must also take responsibility and lead the way in implementing sustainable practices and policies.。
托福写作大作文
托福写作大作文我特别喜欢小狗呢。
小狗长得超级可爱。
它们有着毛茸茸的身子，就像一个会移动的小毛球。
我家邻居就有一只小狗，它的毛是白色的，软软的，每次看到它，我都想伸手去摸一摸。
它的眼睛圆溜溜的，像两颗黑宝石一样，亮晶晶的。
它还有一个小巧的鼻子，总是不停地嗅来嗅去，对这个世界充满了好奇。
小狗还很忠诚。
我听爷爷讲过一个故事。
有一次，爷爷在山上迷路了，是他家的小狗带着爷爷找到了回家的路。
小狗一直在前面跑，还时不时回头看看爷爷有没有跟上，就像一个小小的领路人。
不管遇到什么危险，小狗都会守护着自己的主人。
小狗也很有趣。
我和小伙伴们在院子里玩的时候，小狗就会跑过来和我们一起玩。
它会追着我们扔出去的小皮球，然后把球叼回来，还会摇着它的小尾巴，好像在说：“看我多厉害！”所以呀，小狗是我最喜欢的动物啦。
我的学校生活可有趣啦。
学校里有好多好玩的地方。
操场就是我们的欢乐天地。
课间休息的时候，我们会跑到操场上去跳绳。
绳子在空中甩得呼呼响，我们就像小兔子一样，蹦蹦跳跳的。
操场的旁边还有几棵大树，夏天的时候，大树就像一把把大伞，我们在树下乘凉，听着树上的小鸟叽叽喳喳地唱歌。
我们的教室也很温馨。
课桌上摆着我们的课本和文具，墙上贴满了我们的画作和奖状。
老师在黑板上写字的时候，粉笔吱吱作响，就像在给我们讲述着知识的故事。
我记得有一次上美术课，我们画自己的梦想家园，大家都画得特别认真。
有的同学画了一个大城堡，里面有好多好玩的东西；有的同学画了在天空中的房子，周围还有会飞的汽车呢。
我的同学们也特别好。
我们一起学习，一起玩耍。
有一次我不小心摔倒了，我的同学连忙跑过来把我扶起来，还关心地问我疼不疼。
我们还会互相分享小零食，今天你带了甜甜的糖果，明天我带了脆脆的饼干。
我爱我的学校生活，它充满了欢笑和温暖。
我最难忘的一次旅行是去海边。
当我第一次看到大海的时候，我都惊呆了。
大海好大好大，一眼望不到边，海水是蓝色的，像天空一样蓝。
海浪一波一波地涌过来，拍打着沙滩，发出哗啦哗啦的声音，就像大海在唱歌。
托福范文(共15篇)
一、举实例思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子!In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example二、做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的;世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。
下面是一些短语：相似的比较：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …托福范文第2篇托福tpo真题写作53作文范文，托福tpo53独立写作independentwriting范文+题目解析是托福考试官方指南（officialguide），tpo21-54 独立写作范文+独立写作批改服务，真题解析，解析，模版解析，文笔分析，写作技巧等，是托福考试官方给出的考试指南。
4月9日托福独立写作60篇
4月9日托福独立写作60篇（范文推荐）4月9日托福独立写作1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends in your same age.4月9日托福独立写作2Whenever people have some difficult problems that seem to be insurmountable, tend to seek advice or suggestions from others around them. In my opinion, advice is better obtained from people who are older than you, such as parents, teachers and supervisors.To start with, many people have the experience that a loving parent gives them much needed advice. For example, when children still young and immature, parents can help them choose suitable friends because they are better able to judge people“s personalities. Also as the first teachers who observe you on a daily basis, parents can easily discover children"s potential talents and give them appropriate advice for improvement.Similarly, an effective teacher is a good source of advice for his or her students. With the increasing workload for students in modern education, it is natural that most of them have a number of academic problems, andno one is better than a qualified and dedicated teacher to help them solve them. More importantly, when students are confused about choosing jobs upon graduation, teachers can give proper guidance for their future career development.Finally, for ordinary workers, a good supervisor can be relied on for advice. In most situations, a supervisor is older or much older than their subordinates and , therefore, has gathered more experience both in work and life. As a matter of fact, their suggestions can often help you develop your work skills. And as a senior leader, they can teach you how to manage interpersonal relationships.In conclusion , older people" s advice , whether they you are your parents , teachers or supervisors , is more valuable because they are more knowledgeable , experienced and mature.4月9日托福独立写作60篇扩展阅读4月9日托福独立写作60篇（扩展1）——1月9日托福独立写作参考200篇1月9日托福独立写作参考1Some people think it is the best approach for students to learn if school start the day at a early time in the morning. But someone think the school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.题目大意：学生是否需要起早去上学。
新东方托福作文背诵50篇
新东方托福作文背诵50篇01The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall,and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work,but no one can hear it until it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities,for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique,for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day,as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down,while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety,for the notes are already there,waiting for them,and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties;the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion,and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors:they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound,and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than cation knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere,whether in the shower or in the job,whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio,from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability,education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engagedin education from infancy cation,then,is a very broad,inclusive term.It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long before the start of school,and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling,on the other hand,is a specific,formalized process,whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country,children arrive at school at approximately the same time,take assigned seats,are taught by an adult,use similar textbooks,do homework,take exams,and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned,whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government,have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example,high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.03The Definition of“Price”Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,including labor,professional,transportation,and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the“system”of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define“price”,many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or,in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is,of course,valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount,but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged,the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made,the form of money to be used,the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction,guarantees on the product or service,delivery terms,return privileges, and other factors.In other words,both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total“package”being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights,radio,televisions,and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure,people grope about in flickering candlelight,cars hesitate in the streets because there areno traffic lights to guide them,and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet,people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats,it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram,which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain,too,sends out brain waves of electricity,which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small–often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals,certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together,the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.)As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity,and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning,human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable,and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned,but the stories,later called myths,persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music,dance,masks,and costumes were almost always used,Furthermore,a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate,a clear division was usually made between the"acting area"and the"auditorium."In addition,there were performers,and,since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes,they often impersonated other people,animals,or supernatural beings,and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle,the coming rain,the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to thisvies tales(about the hunt,war,or other feats)are gradually elaborated,at first through the use of impersonation,action,and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06TelevisionTelevision-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies,marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era,an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility,which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts,made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word"television",derived from its Greek(tele:distant)and Latin(visio:sight)roots,can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put,it works in this way:through a sophisticated system of electronics,television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses,which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses,when fed into a receiver(television set),can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system,however.It is a means of expression,as well as a vehicle for communication,and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First,there is broadcast television,which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second,there is nonbroadcast television,which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally,television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today.During those years,it has been controlled,for the most part,by the broadcast networks, ABC,NBC,and CBS,who have been the major purveyors of news,information,and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.07Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie,known as the King of Steel,built the steel industry in the United States,and,in the process,became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline,when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work,but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity,preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves."He who dies rich,dies disgraced,"he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name,including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh,which has a library,a museum of fine arts,and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations,the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research,and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established2,500libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08American RevolutionThe American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework,such as later occurred in France and Russia,when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in,but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying,marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting,and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia,which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island,the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials,everywhere ousted,were replaced by a home-grown governing class,which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.07Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie,known as the King of Steel,built the steel industry in the United States,and,in the process,became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economicdecline,when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work,but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity,preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves."He who dies rich,dies disgraced,"he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name,including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh,which has a library,a museum of fine arts,and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations,the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research,and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established2,500libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08American RevolutionThe American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework,such as later occurred in France and Russia,when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in,but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying,marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting,and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia,which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island,the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials,everywhere ousted,were replaced by a home-grown governing class,which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.11ArchaeologyArchaeology is a source of history,not just a bumble auxiliary discipline.Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right,not mere illustrations to written texts,Just as much as anyother historian,an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live-and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment.Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or,more succinctly,the fossilized results of human behavior.The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record.This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.Not all human behavior fossilizes.The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance.Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk.The movement of troops on the battlefield may"change the course of history,"but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint.What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable.Everything made of wood,hide,wool,linen,grass,hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries,save under very exceptional conditions.In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone,bone,glass,metal,and earthenware.Still modern archaeology,by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods,aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts,and frozen soils,is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.12MuseumsFrom Boston to Los Angeles,from New York City to Chicago to Dallas,museums are either planning,building,or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs.These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future.In New York City alone,six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex,but one factor is a consideration everywhere-space.With collections expanding,with the needs and functions of museums changing,empty space has become a very precious commodity.Probably nowhere in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,which has needed additional space for decades and which received its last significant facelift ten years ago.Because of the space crunch,the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art,in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen its collections.Deaccessing-or selling off-works of art has taken on new importance because of the museum's space problems.And increasingly,curators have been forced to juggle gallery space,rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to storage.Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space,however,"the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years,"according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president.13Skyscrapers and EnvironmentIn the late1960's,many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized.Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers,and wasters,of electric power.In one recent year,the addition of17million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by120,000kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany,New York,for a day.Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful.The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board.To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment,builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass,and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain.However,mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities,too.If fully occupied,the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate2.25million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford,Connecticut,which has a population of more than109,000.14A Rare Fossil RecordThe preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record.The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized.Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because,as marine animals,they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion.Still,their fossilization required a suite of factors:a slow rate of decay of soft tissues,little scavenging by other animals,a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones,and fairly rapid burial.Given these factors,some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden,Germany,present an interesting case for analysis.The ichthyosaur remains are found in black,bituminous marine shales deposited about190million years ago.Over the years,thousands of specimens of marine reptiles,fish and invertebrates have been recoveredfrom these rocks.The quality of preservation is outstanding,but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from6different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden,suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development;their paddles,for example,are already well formed.One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal.In addition,the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between20and30inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere?The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.15The Nobel AcademyFor the last82years,Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature,thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal.But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within.Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself.According to Ingmar Bjorksten,the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers,the prize continues to represent"what people call a very Swedish exercise:reflecting Swedish tastes."The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences.This may well be true,but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.Regardless of concerns over the selection process,however,it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise,and as an elusive goal that writers seek.If for no other reason,the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it;not only is the cash prize itself considerable,but it also dramatically increases sales of an author's books.16.the war between Britain and FranceIn the late eighteenth century,battles raged in almost every corner of Europe,as well as in the Middle East,south Africa,the West Indies,and Latin America.In reality,however,there was only one major war during this time,the war between Britain and France.All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict,and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’goals andstrategies.France sought total domination of Europe.this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon;through treaties. Britain built coalitions(not dissimilar in concept to today’s NATO)guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts.These two antagonists were poorly matched,insofar as they had very unequal strengths;France was predominant on land,Britain at sea.The French knew that,short of defeating the British navy,their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships.Accordingly,France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon,from Jutland to Calabria.All of this entailed tremendous risk,because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.French strategists calculated that a navy of150ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy.Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain.This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology,and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war,allowing it to win with fewer forces.Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe.As his force neared that goal,Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.17.Evolution of sleepSleep is very ancient.In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds:it may extend back as far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep,dreaming and dreamless,depend on the life-style of the animal,and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep.In dream sleep,the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.Dreamless sleep is much shallower,and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep.The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection,and it makes sense that today,when sleep is highly evolved,the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones.But why should they sleep deeply at all?Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little.There is,by and large,no place to hide in the ocean.Could it be that,rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability,the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case.It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are,during periods of high risk,immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep.The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.。
托福高品质口语文稿50篇
I have to say, the singer I don’t like is Jay. Jay is a Chinese singer, who wrote a lot of campus songs.I don’t like him because of his lyrics, it’s not realistic at all.Almost all his lyrics involves around the beauty of the first love of high school students. but actually, in order to pass through the college antrance examination, we are all forced to study more than eight hours a day, we don’t even have the time to get enough sleep, let alone to fall in love with someone. The paradise he describes in his songs always reminds me of the misery of my life.Another reason I don’t like him is that I feel the rhythem of his songs is often too fast, which makes me feel nervous.My favourite place is a little café called the times café.It just locates in our campus so it’s really convineant for me to get there.I love its name---times cafe.I guess it probably means that, staying there, people can easily forget about the time.Music there is great.It’s Jay’s song most of the time, which admires the purity of first love and recalls the funny little things happened in childhood. The lyrics and the melodies can really make you feel relaxed. People there are great, I mean the waiters, they are very friendly and helpful.As long as you enter the café, they would smile at you and quickly help you find a table. If it’s in the winter, they would help you take off the coat and bring you a cup of hot tea, and it’s free. And also, the food there is great, cheap and delicious.The chocolate cookie there is my favourite, it’s the best chocolate cookie I’ve ever had. And it only takes 8RMB to buy a box of it. I usually stop by the café to buy a box of chocolate cookie to enjoy on my way to calss.One person I admire is my grandfather.He is a hardworking man.He was poor when he was young, so he had to work at two jobs to support his family. During the daytime, he was a railway worker, and he worked as a conductor in the night. Though it was difficult, he manage to save enough money to open up his own business. Now he is old and wealthy.He owns a factory of 1500 workers.He’s humours, everone love talking to him.He has a lot of friends and is known as the best story teller of our town. Now he is old, he spends a lot of time at home and tells us many interesting stories about his early life. All of us love his story.I do admire him and want to be a person like that.IntelligenceIntelligence is the most important characteristic for a person to have.Because we live in a world full of troubles, we need to solve new problems in our lives now and then, so an intelligent person can be really helpful.For example, I have troulble studying mathematics, my friend Tom, who is really intelligent, always helps me with my study. Because his generous help, I do make great progess.It’s easier to make friends with an intelligent person. A person who is intelligentknow the importance of friendship, and as a result he would try hard to maintain and improve the friendship.For example, my friend Jane and I used to have conflicts. But both of us value the friendship between us, so we tried to compromise and learnt to tolerate the differences, and finally a strong friendship is built between us. Now, she’s my best friend.HumerSpecial friendWho would you love talking with? What would you talk?A person you want to learn more about.The person I want to learn more about is my grandfather.He is very successful in business.Starting almost bare-handed, he now has a factory of his own. Now he usually tells stories about his early life. I find those stories interesting, and I really want to know more about this.My grandfather is also very popular, he’s humrous, and people always like to spend time with him. But I’m kind of shy, I want to make a lot of friends but I don’t know how. I really want to know how does he make himself so popular, what am I gonna do to be like that.I strongly agree with the opinion that its necessary to prohibit people from using phone calls in some places.Though you can say that people have the right to use their cell phone as they like, but it is also improtant to realize that the others are not supposed to be involved in the unnecessary disturbance.For example, once I was supposed to do an improtant presentation in my class, I worked really hard on that and wanted to make it perfect. At the beginning of the presentation, everything was going so well that I was confident that it would be successful. But just when I was trying to explain an improtant concept, someone’s cell phone rings, and it attracts everyone’s attention, which completely ruined my work.So I really think, the usage of cell phones should be banned in some situations, like you’re listening to a presentation or something.In my point of view, government should provide fund to build museums and theaters, so that the public would have more access to the arts.Theaters can often enhance cultural exchange.In the theater you can enjoy preformances from all around the world. The city I live has a very great theater, performances there are often high quality. I still remember the first time I went into that theater to see the Swan Lake, which is performed by a Russian band. I t’s my first time to see ballet dance on site, the proformance moved me deeply. And it’s also the first time for me to enjoy the art form of a completely different culture.Tower park is one of my favourite bitsin my city.Scenery there is great. There are trees and meadow, pigons flying around. And there are also agreat variety of flowers, the fragrance will make you feel relaxed. I often go for a stroll there. There is a music school near the park, and because the park is quiet, so some of the students often choose to practice in the park, many of them did pretty well actually. So the park is also a great place to enjoy music.The park is located near the subway station, so the transportation is very convinient. It only takes 5 minutes to get there.I’m not so optimistic about university for all.For one thing, it can cause tension on budget and resources. If higher education is opened for all, it will definitely lead to a boost in enrollment. In turn, more money, facilities and faculties are needed to cope with the surge, which is likely to result in great pressure in funding and resources. In addition, university for all may go against the selective purpose of higher education. With more people attending college, the value of college degrees will drop. This will cause trouble for students’ job hunting.So, for these reasons, I don’t support university for all.I definitely prefer to be a leader.For one thing, being a leader can build up good relationship with many people, and this can be benificial for my future career. For example, I was elected the president of the Student Union during the colleges years, and because of this I was able to cooperate with student leaders form many other colleges through out the country, which greatly broadened my horizen.For another, the experence of being a leader will help me mature fast and become more capble. Because compared with other students, sturent leaders always have more chances to learn from the process of planning and organizing activities.So I prefer being a leader rather than a follower.Which one do you think is better to help do research, internet or academic books.When it comes to doing research, searching information through the internet is much better than through academic books.For one thing, internet contains a tremendous amount of information that academic books can never compare with. You may even rise questions online and ask for help. Whenever I have problems, I always post it online and someone who know it will help me figure out the problem. It’s really a good way to get information.For another, it’s more efficient and convinient to use the internet. Carrying volums of books here and there can be cumbersome, however, you can get whatever information you want through the computer just with your fingers clicking. You can type in your key words, all the imformation needed is diaplayed on your screen.Last but not least, compared with academic books, the information from internet is much more up to date. For example, the publication of academic books often needs a long time, however, you can get the information of a certain event even if it just happened several minutes ago.I think people around us will definitely influence us more than medias like TV, newspaper and broadcasts.Information we get from people around us is often much more profound compared with information form medium. So it can influence us more easily. For example, my grandfather is hardworking. He started bare-handed and now he’s a very successful businessman. When I was a little child, he always tell stories about his hard early years to let me know that diligence is the most crucial element in one’s success. The education he gave me is much more profound than any media can do.Information we get from people are often more detailed compared with information from medium, so it’s earier for us to learn from people around us. For example, when I was a little child I tried to grow lily in our backyard, I read books and watched viedos to learn how to do it. I tried and tried but just couldn’t make it. Untill one day I made friends with another girl who grow beautiful lilies, she showed mehow she did it. With her help, soon I become successful in growing lilies.Take a long vacation or several short vacations in a year?I think take a long vacation in a year is a much better choice.For one thing, I am a big fine of traveling and I especially love traveling to places far far away from the place I live in, so in my case a short vacation is obivously not enough. For example, I live in China and last year I went to africa, during the vacation I got to know the lives of the local people and enjoyed the beautiful landscape of Africa. Also, the trip took me 2 month, so if I can only get short vacations, that would be disapointing.For another, when it comes to work, vacation can really be a distraction. Several short vacation will break up my work period in to pieces which would be hard for me to focus on the thing I am doing.What do you think are the characteristics of a good parent?I think choosing a major out of personal interest is a better idea.For one thing, interest is the best teacher. When people are doing the things they are intersted in, they have the inner drive to make it better, to creat new things. As a result, it’s easy for people focus on the things they do and of course with greater efficency. For example, I love drawing, I usually froget about the time when I draw, but I can easily get bored in doing other things.For another, long-term success often depends on performance out of vital interest. The interest about something often encourage people to keep doing it without giving up, and continued effort often leads to success.What do you think are the characteristics of a good parent?First of all, parents should be patient. As far as I see, good parents distinguish themselves in being patient with their childre. It often takes a lot of efforts for too teach the kits about right and wrong. And somethimes when the kids get really radical, the parents need to be patient to bring them back to the track.In addition, good parents should also be supportive. They should trust the decisions their children make, like how to spend their pocket money or which study group to join.Do you prefer to study alone on work assignment from class or to study in group?I prefer study in group.Study in group will give me the chances to make more friends. I love making friends, because communicating with people from different background can greatly broaden my horizen. For example, last month I make friends with a girl in a group studying occasion. She played cello, I didn’t know a thing about classical music then, but she explain to me what is that and lend me some CDs, now I am a big fan of classical music.Working in group means I will have parterners cooperate with. Thus the work will be separated into several parts and each of us is only responsible for our own part, which will greatly decrease our workload and increase the efficiency.Besides, when I confront with difficulties while studying, I can make brainstorms with my partners. In this way, creative solutions may probably be carried out, and all the group can benefit from the brainstorming.喜欢看那种电影，为什么？Comedy, drama…I’d say I like comedy the best.First of all, it can give me a break from my tedious work, you don’t have to think much about the meaning---they are just produced for you to laugh and relax.For another, comedy always provide good topics to chat with someone. You know, chatting about the plots, characters and the jokes in it is always funny.Some people believe that we should help those in an emergency. Others think that we should first make clear of the situation, then decide wether to assist or not. What’s your opinion? Please include specific details in your explanation.I think we should first make clear of the situation, then decide wether to assist or not.First of all, making clear of the situation can help you come up with the right solution to the emergency. For example if you met with a person who suffers an heat attack, you firstmake sure him lay down still and then call the ambulance as soon as possible , any incorrect rescue may lead to his death.Moreover, when you are faced with an emergency, you should first make sure you have the ability to deal with that problem, or it might endanger yourself. For example if a person gets drowned in the lake, you should first make sure you are a good swimmer before you go save him, if not, the rash action might endanger your own life.Have a relaxed and unhurried life, yes or no?I don’t think people should have a relaxed and unhurried life.First of all, only the ones who are willing to take the challenges of life can lead a happy life, and our culture tends to appreciate people who are ambitious and energetic. Think about Edison, the man who light up the world, he works days and nights to creat new things and make money by his talent and diligence. He’s life really shows us what life should be like.First another, it’s impossible for one to ve relaxed forever. Life is full of troubles and difficulties, if you are used to an easygoing life, you’ll lose the abilities to dealwith the hardships of real life.Favorite room.My favourite room is our living room.For one thing, living room is the biggest room in our house. My family always watch TV and chat together in the living room, after a day’s hard work, that’s really a good way to relax.make phone call to mum当你去restaurant或café的时候最care about的features有哪些？The first feature I care about is the location. Because the traffic condition in our city is bad, traffic jams are frequent, so if I can walk to the café or if the café is located near a subway station, that would be great. As we all know, getting caught in a traffic jam is really upsetting, especially when you want to enjoy a good dinner.The other feature I care about is the food there. There is a café that I like very much, it’s located near my house and the food there is cheap and delicious. The chocolate cookies there is my favourite, I often stop by the café to buy a box of cookie to enjoy on my way home.And the music in the café is important too, I prefer to listen to some music while eating. Classical music would be the best, other light music is OK too. Listening music would light up my mood and help me enjoy my dinner better.Do you agree that we can judge a person by the appearance at the first glance?I don’t think its reliable to judge a person by the first glance.Firstly, appearance can’t represent all. The information you can get from a glance is very limited, it takes time and effort to really get to know someone. Just like you will never know if a book is good or not unless you take some time to really read it. It would be stupid to judge a book by its cover.Furthermore, appearance may lies, it may trick you. We all know in the novel Pride and Prejudice, Elithebath has a prejudice against Dacy, because Dacy appeared to be pride at first sight. But when times gose by she found out that Dacy was actually a very modest man, and finally she even fall in love with him.What do you think the students should do in their vacations? Please include specific examples and details in your statement.I think there is a lot of things students can do in vacation.Firstly, I think joining a sports team is a great idea. By joining a sports team, they can learn many things that can never be taught in the classroom. I still remember my experence of joining a basketball team, there was this game, that at the beginning everyone thought we would lose because our opponent were so strong, but we didn’t gave up and finally we actually won the game. That’s one of my best experences in my life, through which I learnt that as long as you keep fighting for yourself, you will finally get your chance.Furthermore, I think go traveling would be another choice. You know, travel around, enjoy the bueatiful landscapes and relax yourself. And after a period of hard work, this is also a good chance to think about your life, like am I contend with my study? what should I do next? this sort of thing.Communicate with your family and friends by letter and e-mail or by telephone?I usually communicate with my family and friends by telephone.Firstly, it’s really convinient to communicate by telephone, it won’t take as much time as writing letters and e-mails do. For example, I usually chat with my mom on my way to work, these chattings are often very short and don’t take much time. But if I had to write her a letter or e-mail, I guess it would have take at least up to an hour to cover all the imformation.Furthermore, compared with communicating through writen words, I think talking with friends and families directly is much better. Because hearing their voice really gives me a sence of intimacy and also the interactive style of communication can make us understand each other better.Get advice from family and friends or learning through personal experience.I think learning through personal experience is a better choice.Firstly, I strongly believe the most important lessons in our lives are lessons that we can only learn through our own experience. For example, I had a precious experience. I played a basketball game last year, at the beginning, many people thought we would lose, because our components were so strong, but we didn’t gave up, and finally we won the game. We’ve all heard the idea that as long as you keep fighting for yourself, you will finally get your chance. I think the experience teach me the idea better than anyone have ever done.In addition, relying on learning through personal experience would lead to a more independent life. If whenever we arefaced with difficulties, the first thing comes to our mind is how can I cope with it rather than what my mon would say about it, this would surely make us become more independent.城市建设中应该保持old building呢还是应该用new building replace old building?new building replace old buildingOld building might be an obstacle of modern life.eg. In the city I live in, traffic jam in the downtown area is frequent because there is an ancient tower located in the center of downtown. But because the ancient tower is a cultural relic, the government won’t remove it, so the tower just stands there keep disturbing the traffic, this really makes the citizens life very inconvient.Some old buildings are not safe for people to live in any more, so we should replace the old buildings with new ones.My grandmother used to live in a old house that was built when she was young, the house was old and you can even find big cracks on the wall, so we persuade her to move out of the house. It’s really lucky for her that soon after she moved out of the house, the house crashed suddenly in a rainning night.My grandmother used to live in a house that was old and you can even find cracks on the wall. So my grandmother moved out of the house and it’s really lucky for her that soon after she moved out of the house, the house crahed suddenly at a raining night.Do you agree or disagree: Students should wear uniform in school.I think students should not wear uniform in school.Too much restrictions will pose negtive impacts on students’ development.teenagers usually have strong willings to express themselves, the most important issue for them might be personality development. So they need some freedom to decide what they likeand what they don’t. Considering people’s clothes is an particular important way of expressing oneself, a restriction on the cloth will be inapropriate.Colorful clothes may help enhance students study.As we all know, some subject we learn in the school are serious, so it’s easy for students to get bored on that. Scientists have established that colors can light up people’s mood. So if students are dressed in colorful clothes, the atmosphere in class would be more active and as a result, students would learn better.你选择online courses还是traditional courses(老师上课讨论)traditional coursetraditional courses is much more efficient than onlilne courses.For example, I was busy with a intership during the second year of my college, so I took a lot of online courses. It turns out that online couses involves a lot of reading---all the materials that the teacher would have taught you directly if you took a traditional class---you have to read them all, that is really unefficent.And when you find something intereting, there is no one you can discuss with, this really pose a negtive impact on my study.Also, when you have problems with the meterial, it’s quite inconvient for you to ask the questions, I mean if you leave the question on line, it often took severals days for the teacher to give you the answer.Subject which will lead to better job or subject which you are interested.Subject which will lead to better job.For everyone of us, the most important thing is to make a living. Compared with surviving, everything has to be placed in the second place.I love literature but I choose journalism as my major in University. Because in the country I live in, a literature major can hardly find a job but journalists are usually well paid.A good job can give you enough money to do the things to develop your interests.I love traveling, and because the job I take brings me a decent income, so I have enough money to plan for my travling. Last year, I went to Africa and stayed there for several weeks, the experence greatly satisfy my appetite for the beautiful scenery of Afican landscape. The journey also takes quiet a lot of money, but luckily my buget can still handle it.有些人觉得在大学学习是很重要的，有些人觉得在大学学习是不重要。
托福范文155篇WORD打印版
托福范文155篇W O R D打印版-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除托福范文155篇W O R D打印版(总27页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除31. It has recently been announced that a new high school may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan Why Use specific reasons and details in your answer.I oppose having a new high school built in my neighborhood. Although I know there’s a real need for a new facility, I have to say that I don’t want one built so close to me. I think it would cause a lot of problems.First of all, there are very few teenagers in this neighborhood, or in our suburban subdivision, for that matter. Most of the residents here are either retired or are just starting out with young children. This means that the kids coming to the new high school wouldn’t be walking. They would come on buses or would be driving to the school. Either way, this would mean a lot more traffic on our streets.In addition to the traffic on school days, there also would be traffic whenever there was a sporting event, such as a basketball or football game, or activities at the school. Would there be enough parking in the school lot for everyone attending those events Probably not.Consequently, those extra cars would end up our neighborhood.My neighbors and I would also be upset about the loss of the park, which is the s ite that’s been selected for the high school. Mothers with young children gather there every morning for their kids to play together. People my age like to take a walk after dinner. On weekends, that park is a place for picnic and relaxation. We’d be sorry to lose our neighborhood park.I also have some concerns about all those young people being in our neighborhood. Would there be problems with drugs or fights Could the school district guarantee us that security would be a priority These are concerns that I don't think can be addressed sufficiently for me to support a new high school in my neighborhood.32 Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: saying in one place or moving in search of another place Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.Even though I have lived in the same house, in the same neighborhood, in the same city my entire life. I know I would behappy living in a variety of place. Moving would expose me to new people, new weather, and new housing.Even if I were to move to another part of my city, I would encounter new people. Each neighborhood has a distinct personality. When I move to that neighborhood, I would meet the shopkeepers and residents that shape that personality. I may even adopt part of there manner as my own so I could be recognized as part of that community.If I want to encounter different weather patterns, I would have to move beyond my city. Where I live now, it is the same temperature all year, I would like to go to a place where there are four seasons so I can experience really cold temperatures. I would like to walk in the snow and perhaps go skiing. I could learn winter sports if I lived in the north.Now of course, I live with my parents in their home. It is a one story house built around a courtyard where our family spends a lot of time. If I were to move, I would like to live in an apartment on a very high floor so I could see all around me. I could also meet my neighbors in theelevator and we could get together for coffee in my apartment.The more I move the more I would experience change. I would meet new people in every place I lived; I could move tosample countries with four seasons or even a continent like Antarctica which only has two. Wherever I lived, I would experience living in housing particular to that area. I would then be a citizen of the world, wouldn’t I Could you call me a foreigner if I called everyplace my home33. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.“Save it for rainy day.” That’s my motto. When I have a choice between spending my money or putting it in my savings account at the bank, I always put it in the will have a lot of expenses in the future like my education, travel, and unforeseen emergencies. I need to have money set aside for these expenses.Education is expensive. I can’t depend on my parents to pay all my bills. I have tuition, room and board, books, and incidental expenses to pay for. I’ll try to get a scholarship to cover some of these costs, but I know I willbe responsible for a lot of the expenses. If I spend my money now, I won’t be able to pay for my education. I need to save money for my education.Travel is also very expensive. I don’t mean vacation travel. I mean travel to get to and from school. Transpacific airfare costs a lot even special reduced fares. I first have to get to school and then, of course, I want to return to my family for important festivals and occasions. Going back and forth will be costly, but worth it. I need to save money for these trips.Emergencies could arrive at any moment. I might have an unexpected illness while I am at school. There might be costs that won’t covered by the school insurance. One of my family members may need help, I will have to send them money. You can’t predict emergencies like this, but you can be prepared. I need to save money for these emergencies.When you are not rich, you cannot spend your money carelessly. You must plan ahead. I know in my life, I will have expenses for my schooling and for travelling to and from my home. I know that I will also have unexpected expenses related to unforeseen emergencies. I must be prepared. I need to save money for these events.34. You have received a gift of money. The money isenough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which would you buy Usespecific reasons and details to support your answer.The choice between spending money on tickets to a concert or spending money on jewelry is an easy one. Given this choice, I would buy jewelry. The reasons are obvious, jewelry is an investment; it is permanent; and it is fashionable.Jewelry like a gold bracelet for example is a very good investment. It is important for women( and for man, too) to have gold jewelry. If you have some serious financial problem, you could always sell your jewelry to help you over any rough spots. You could not sell your used concert ticket.Jewelry, unless you sell it, is permanent. You always have it ware. Each time you put it on , you will remember the day you bought it. It will give you pleasure for years and years. You could not wear the ticket stub from the concert.Jewelry is very fashionable. I would feel very smart wearing a beautiful gold bracelet or diamond pin. People would comment and tell me how much they loved my jewelry. They would compliment me on my good taste.I would feel very rich with my jewelry. I would have a good investment which is permanent and fashionable. Then, whensomeone invites me to a concert( and pays for my ticket), I will have something beautiful to wear.35. You must select a person to teach others to do a job. Which one of the following is the most important for you to consider in making you selectionThe person’s educationThe person’s work experienceThe quality of the person’s previous workUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Training someone to do a job is an important task. It requires a good education, work experience, and skilled job performance. Of these three requirements, I believe it is most important that a potential job trainer be judged on the quality of his or her previous work.A person may be well educated, but not able to perform a job proficiently. A doctor may know how to treat childhood diseases, but not be able to train medical students to perform surgery. An accountant may be able to balance a company’saccounts, but not be able to help the company’s executives invest their money.A person may have a lot of work experience, but not be able to do the job well. Time is not the best measure of quality. A mother may spend 17-years raising her children, but not be able to train young mothers to care for their infants. A typist may have typed ten-years worth of letters, but may not type over 30 words a minute.A person who does a job well is the one you want to be a trainer. I want to learn to fly a plane from a pilot who has faced a lot of mechanical problems in flight and never had an accident. I want to learn how to make money from a billionaire not form a salaried investment broker.As in all things, it is quality that we look for, not general knowledge or time spent in an occupation. I want others to learn from the best, so they can be the best, too.36. Business should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In some business cultures, it is the practice to hire workers when they are young and employ them until they retire. In other business cultures companies hire people to do a job and then fire them when they are not needed. To me, the important considerations in today’s economy is job performance: speed and change. Loyalty is not a consideration.Today there is a lot of competition and we need to hire workers who can perform a task well. We need to find skilled workers who can do a job without a lot of training. We need to match the job to the worker, and, if the job changes, we change the worker.Because of this increased competition, we need to be able to produce our goods or services quickly. We need young people who are willing to put in long hours. We need young people who are aggressive and will push themselves to do their job faster.In order to compete, we have to be innovative. By changing our workforce frequently, we can bring in new ideas. We must constantly be looking for new ways to do new things. We need fresh workers with fresh points of view.Although a company’s loyalty to a worker and a workers loyalty to a company is a noble idea, it is not practical today.Skilled workers do not want to be tied down to one company; they want the flexibility to improve their opportunities. Change makes the economy powerful.37. Countries, businesses, and schools are three areas that need good leaders. Choose one of these three areas and describe the most important qualities of a leader in that area. Explain why these qualities are important, using specific examples and details.The principal of a school is one of our first encounters with a figure of authority. Consequently, he or she must be a good example of a leader. The principal must be firm, fair and foresighted which are important qualities of a principal.When a principal announces a rule, you must understand that he or she means it. If a rule requires all students to be in their seats when the bell rings, the rule must be enforced. If students are out of their seats, they should be punished. If a rule requires that students not wear bats in school, the rule must be enforced. If studentswear bats, the bats must be taken away from them. A principal must be firm.When a principal enforces a rule, you must understand that he or she will treat everyone equally. If I get caught eating at my desk, I must receive the same punishment that my classmate got when she got caught eating at her desk. If a sophomore is late for school, he or she must receive the same punishment that a senior would. A principal must be fair.When a principal establishes a rule, you must understand that he or she has a good reason for it. If a rule requires that students must participate in extracurricular sports, you should understand that the principal knows that a strong body as well as a strong mind will help us in the future. If a rule requires that students must do two hours of volunteer work in the community each week, you should understand that the principal knows that close involvement in the community builds strong character. A principal must be foresighted.A principal’s job is not as easy one. I only hope that in the future, I can model my own leadership abilities on the ones I observed in school. I hope I can be as firm, fair, and foresighted as my principal.38 Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people’s lives.AutomobilesBicyclesAirplanesUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer.An airplane is a form of transportation that has changed people’s lives. Thanks to the plane, our lives are now faster, more exciting, and more convenient that before.You cannot deny that a plane is fast. For example, the Concorde flies at supersonic speed. A businessman can leave Paris at 11 a.m. in the morning and arrive in New York at 8 a.m. the same morning in time for a day’s work. Many business people in Europe will fly to London for a noon morning in time for a da y’s work. Many business people in Europe will fly to London for a noon meeting and then return home to Rome or Madrid for dinner.It is always exciting to take a plane trip. When you take a trip by plane, you know that you might cross many timezones, many oceans, and many countries. When you get off the plane, you could be in a place that speaks a different language. A planeis like a magician’s trick. You get in a box and you come out somewhere totally different.Nothing can beat the convenience of a plane. In the old days, it might take you days to do what the plane can do it an hour. Boats, for example, only leave on certain days of the week and take a long time to get to their destination. Planes give you the option to leave several times a day and get you to your destination quickly.Although other forms of transportation may be more comfortable, none has changed the way we do business and live our lives more than the plane. Thanks to the speed, excitement, and convenience of the planes, our lives are richer.39. Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Who would disagree with the statement “ progress is good” Without progress , there would be no change. Without progress, there would be no change in our economy, our standard of living, or our health.Progress is required to keep the economy moving forward. New products need to be developed; new services need to becreated. Without progress, our economy would stand still. There would be no change. Without progress, there would be no supermarkets with fress produce brought in from all over the world.Progress is required to improve our standard of living. Our homes today are more efficient and use less natural resources thanks to improvement in home construction techniques. Our clothes are warmer and safer thanks to developments in textile manufacturing. Our educational system is better thanks to the use of the computers and the Internet.Progress is required to improve the heath of the world population. Without progress, there would be no vaccines against deadly diseases like smallpox. Without progress, there would be increased infant mortality. Thanks to progress, our lives are longer and healthier.Progress is a natural state. Without it, we would not evolve. Without it, our economy, our standard of living, and our health would deteriorate. Who could deny the necessity of progress.40 Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.People often say “ Those who don’t understand history will repeat the mistakes of the past.” I totally disagree. I don’t see any evidence that people have made smart decisions based on their knowledge of the past. To me, the present is what is important, not the past. I think that people, the weather, and politics determine what happens, not the past.People can change. We can’t assume that people will continue to hate one another just because they have had hated one another for years. Look at Turkey and Greece. When Turkey had an earthquake, Greece sent aid. When Greece had an earthquake, Turkey sent aid. Now, these two countries are cooperating and looking forward to improved relations. No doubt, if we looked at the past, we could have thought this was a lost cause. But people change.The weather can change. Farmers think that they can plant certain crops because these crops have always grown well in their fields before. But the weather can change. There can be a long drought. The crops that have always worked well , will die.A drought-resistant crop needs to be tried. If we looked at the past, we would not have changed our crop and we would have lost our farm. Weather changes.Politics an change. According to my way of thinking, politicians must be responsive to changes in the people. If politicians looked only at the past, they would always say the same thing. People change. On the whole, people today care about human rights. They warn all people to have the equal rights. If we looked at the past in the United States, we would see a lot of discrimination against races, women, and sexual orientation. Now, that is changing. Politicians changes, too.As a rule what is important today is to follow the mood of the moment. We can’t be looked in the past. It doesn’t do us any good to think about the past. People, the weather, and politics can change in any direction. The direction of this change, in my opinion, can not be predicted by studying the past.。
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List of Contents1. Cells and Temperature 细胞与温度 12. Sleep 睡眠 23. Bacteria 细菌 34. Folk Cultures 民间文化 45. Vision 视觉 66. The source of Energy 能量的来源77. Obtaining Fresh water from icebergs 从冰山中获取淡水88. Statistics 统计学109. Coal-fired power plants 火力发电厂1110. American black bears 美国黑熊1311. Cohesion-tension Theory 内聚压力理论1412. The Salinity of Ocean Waters 海水盐度1513. Topaz 黄水晶1614. Icebergs 冰山1719 15. Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Spreading 板块结构与海床扩张16. Oil Refining 炼油2017. Raising Oysters 饲养牡蛎2218. Plankton 浮游生物2319. Botany 植物学2520. British Columbia 英属哥伦比亚2621. The origin of Refrigerators 冰箱的由来2722. Telecommuting 电子交通2931 23. Changing Roles of Public Education 公共教育的角色变化24. Scientific Theories 科学理论3234 25. International Business and Cross-cultural 国际商业和跨文化26. Movie Music 电影插曲3527. The piano 钢琴3728. Henry Ford 亨利.福特3829. Collectibles 收藏品3930. The Origin of Sports 体育的起源4042 31. The Historical Significance of American Revolution 美国革命的历史意义32. Children’s numerical skills 儿童的数学能力4333. Modern American Universities 现代美国大学4434. Evolution of sleep 睡眠的进化4535. The war between Britain and France 英法战争4736. The Nobel Academy 诺贝尔委员会4837. A Rare Fossil Record 罕见的化石记录4938. S kyscrapers and Environment 摩天大楼与环境5139. Museums 博物馆5240. Archaeology 考古学5341. Suburbanization 郊区的发展5542. Types of Speech 语言的类型5643. American Revolution 美国革命5744. Andrew Carnegie 安德鲁·卡内基5845. Television 电视6046. The Beginning of Drama 戏剧的起源6147. Electricity 电6348. The Definition of “Price” "价格"的定义6449. Schooling and Education 学校与教育6550. The Language of Music 音乐的语言661、Cells and TemperatureCells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-blooded----usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called home0therms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms. But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.细胞与温度细胞只能在一定的温度范围内存活，而进一步保证它们有效工作的温度范围就更小了。
哺乳动物和鸟类的酶系统只能在37℃左右的很小范围内才能有效工作。
与此相差仅几度的温度都会大大削弱它们的工作效率。
尽管温度变化更大时细胞仍能存活，但机体系统的整体运行能力却被削弱了。
其它动物对体温的变化有更强的适应性。
几个世纪以来，人们就认识到哺乳动物和鸟类调节体温的方式与其它动物不同。
随着时间的推移，人们对这种差异的描述越来越精确和有意义，但是"暖血动物" 和"冷血动物"这一古老的分类方式至今仍在大众词汇中有所反映。
暖血动物包括哺乳动物和鸟类，其它动物统统被视为冷血动物。
但是对更多物种进行的研究表明这种分类显然是不适当的。
美洲一种小型蜥蜴和沙漠鬣蜥同属冷血动物，但实际上它们的体温通常只比人类的体温低1～2度，因此并不是真正的冷血。
因此又出现了恒温动物(即保持恒定体温的动物)和变温动物(即体温随外界环境的变化而改变的动物)这一区分方式。
但这种分类也不恰当。
因为有不少哺乳动物在冬眠期间会改变体温，而许多生活在深海的无脊椎动物在寒冷的深海水域中体温并不变化，而是恒定的。
2、SleepSleep is part of a person’s daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, you temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves for a few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep.. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, and your breathing will grow slow and regular once more. Your breathing will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep - only to riseonce again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.睡眠睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分。