2018-2019学年上海杨浦高级中学高一上摸底考英语试卷
2018-2019学年杨浦高级中学高一上英语期末考试试卷(含答案)
2018学年杨浦高级中学高一上学期期末考试卷II. Grammar and vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and DChoose the one answer that best completes the sentence. (10%)17. Animal World is competing for more not just against other animal shows but against all dramatic television.【A】records【B】viewers【C】varieties【D】audiences18. Having coffee as an occasional treat in though, is much healthier for you than having it every day as you do your daily vitamins and water.【A】appetite【B】source【C】mixture【D】moderation19. These facts revealed recently highly embarrassing for the government.【A】proved【B】was proved【C】was proving【D】is proved20. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to his soul with the dream【A】involve【B】experiment【C】achieve【D】nourish21. If your mind is relaxed but your body is do, some low-intensity stretches and exercises to relax your muscles.【A】energetic【B】faint【C】risky【D】tense22. The young man didn’t understand English, but he was enough to understand my question from the gestures I made.【A】adequate【B】subtle【C】intelligent【D】effective23. This company is likely to dealings with other firms before details of the investigation aremade clear.【B】arrange【C】advise【D】amaze24. The smell from the garbage dulled her .【A】influence【B】facility【C】surroundings【D】appetite25. Companies that get service right are rewarded with growth and devoted customers【A】tiny【B】profitable【C】economical【D】traditional26. Now, the gene discovered today doesn't all the diseases.【A】account for【B】involve in【C】make the best use of【D】mix with27. There is still high possibility, as can be seen at the moment, our company can the opponents(对手).【A】which, beat【B】which, win【C】that, beat【D】that, win28. The girl, in front of me, is the tour guide of this journey.【A】seating【B】seated【C】who seats【D】that seated29. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, he is accompanied by an adult.【A】once【B】when【C】if【D】unless30. My trusty printer was busy producing an important report it simply stopped【A】and【B】as【C】when【D】until31. In the end, we got to the situation we had to take immediate action to save the wounded.【A】where【B】when【C】how32. We lost track of her in previously belonged to China but now is part of Russia.【A】whom【B】which【C】what【D】where33. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction millions of people pour in every year.【A】that【B】which【C】as【D】where34. How long do you think the computer company brings out a new product?【A】it will be before【B】will it be until【C】will it be when【D】it will be that35. Raymond always carries some painkillers in his bag a headache suddenly attacks.【A】so that【B】so long as【C】in case【D】even if36. leaves the classroom last should remember to turn off the electrical appliances and lock the door.【A】No matter who.【B】Who that【C】Who【D】WhoeverSection BDirections: Conplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(10%)We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has beencut by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then __37__ ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical(伦理的) decisions is a(n) __38___ part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to __39___risks, because if we can't see the risks were taking, we can't make responsible choices. To recognize risks, we need to know the rules and be ___40___of the facts.For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism(剽窃)may accidentally use words or ideas without giving___41___credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote(引用) and cite sources as__42___. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a(n) ____43___.Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselvesabout the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it, ","i'm not hurting anyone,or "I really need this grade. "Excuses can get very complex: "I know i'm looking at anothers exam,even though i'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not ___44___ because. I'm just checking my answers, not copying, We must be honest about our actions, and____45____ excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we,re not doing anything wrong, we can'tsee the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if.your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ___46___of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication thatyou're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Ill. Reading Comprehension (43%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(15%)A Study of Point of view and ArgumentEveryday life is an interaction(互动,相互作用) of points of view. Sometimes these interactions pass by virtually___47___ like when you find yourself forced to buy the newest cell phone but suddenly stop and ask yourself, Do I even need this thing? and then realize that the latest ad campaign has____48___ you of something without you really knowing it. Sometimes these interactions with others are obvious and deeply felt, like when an emotional argument__49___over why your father won’t quit smoking even though his health is __50____---you only see your desire for him to be OK, he only sees his independence, Then there are those times when these sorts of ___51__-feel delighted. like when you voice your opinion, as you do every year at the Thanksgiving table, about some political issue, and finally- after years of trying-see the ___52___ of hmm, you may be right' on your uncle's face.Advertising, media, novels and even the people you love often aim to___53___ our opinions. We see the usual practice of close reading not just as a method of doing the academic work of looking closely at text evidence, word and structure, but as an opportunity to bring those practices together, to ___54___our students to see the subtle messages in texts and in their lives, to help them be strong and ___55____consumers of ideas and reflective, caring members of society.One large, multi-year study suggested that many students graduated without being able to distinguish- __56___ from the influence of carefully designed opinions and public relations, We believe educators can help ___57___this. We want our students to be able to recognize the points of view and arguments in texts and in life to see when they are happening and to-__58____engage them. We want our students to listen to those points of view and arguments with an open mindto truly listen to what other people believe and respectfully __59____or question what they are saying. We also want our students to live with the confidence of ___60____ themselves to make sound-___61___, to make sense of the world, and to take risks. Reading closely in this way can give our students a healthy skepticism (质疑态度) while also helping them to have a more open mind.47.A. unbelievable B unnoticed C. mistaken D. available48.A .convince B. informed C reminded D. expected49.A .takes up B. takes in C. works out D. breaks out50.A .recovering B. improving C. failing D. developing51.A. interactions B. functions C messages D. issues52. A phrase B.expectation C. reflection D. look53.Aaccept B. influence C. misunderstand D. refuse54. A engage B understand C enable D. recognize55.A affordable B. capable C.agreeable D. noticeable56. A. facts B. conclusions C. conflicts D. arguments57.A mistake B. question C. change D. discover58.A. flexibly B. powerfully C unwillingly D.actively59.A look out B.take in C. carry on D. give away60.A exposing B.engaging C. trusting D. adapting61. A improvements B. appointments C arrangements D judgmentsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(22%).(A)A brother and sister have been reunited after more than 60 years, thanks to a letter in the Welwyn and Hatfield Times.For years John Hannant kept a photograph of his long-lost sister, hoping they would meet again. Margery, the eldest of the three children, had signed up to the Royal Air Force as part of the war effort, when John was still a baby. The family lost touch and as the decades passed only a single letter gave a clue to where she might be The clue was enough for a WHT reader to recognize Margery and put the family back in touch.John, 67, said he had been searching for a long time and a friend suggested his writing to the paper.“That's what made it, the letter to the paper was written back a few months ago, he said.” it's as if a dream came true. The last time we ever heard from Margery was in 1953 after the floods. She wrote home to see if we were all right. My sister Dorothy wrote back, but Margery had moved again and never got the letter. "Having retired from his job as a gardener at Park House on the royal estate at Sandringham, Mr. Hannant decided to take action once and for all. He and his wife Doreen, travelled to Margery’s home in Chelwood Avenue, Hatfield, which she shares with her husband Jack Cooke.Margery is 88 this year (2008), and she was getting better after several months in hospital. She immediately recognized her brother”. John said,” it's something that I never thought was going to happen, but I always hoped it would”.62. Why did Margery leave home?A. Because a war destroyed her home.B. Because she signed up to serve in the army.C Because there was a flood in her hometown.D. Because she went to search for her brother.63. When she wrote to John the last time, Margery was_______.A.20B.21C.33D.3464. John found his sister________.A. by writing to his friendB. by traveling aroundC. with the help of DorothyD. with the help of a newspaper reader65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A Margery was not in very good health.B. The photograph kept by John was the most important clue to where Margery might be.C. Margery and Jack live with their children now.D. Since 1953, Margery has come back home only once.(B)RAINFOREST ADVENTURE TIPS1. Find out about the trail and surroundings, be sure that you have enough time to complete the entire route before darkness falls. Do not stray off the path to chase after animals.2. Use good judgement regarding the fitness level required for the trek(徒步跋涉) and know your physical limits.3. Always inform the park officials or let someone know of your plans and destination for the day, especially if going alone.4. Take plenty of water and pack a few easy to eat snacks to keep energy level up. Unless trekking with a local guide, it is not advisable to eat jungle fruit or drink from any water source.5. Be as quiet as possible to avoid scaring any wildlife. Getting an early start during the dawn provides the best chance to sight animals seeking food and the warmth of the early morning sun.6. Wear thin, loose, preferably cotton clothing to remain comfortable.7. Cover arms and legs with long trousers and long-sleeved shirts to ward off mosquitoes and to provide protection against thorny plants.8. Be prepared for sudden rain showers by carrying a poncho that wraps over both body and your carrying pack to keep everything dry.9. Choose footwear with proper ankle support and good traction.10. A wide brimmed hat helps to shade a trekker from the heat of the tropical sun.66. Before an adventure, a trekker should .A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center67. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.68. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may .A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence - their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was film over a period of 10 years, during which the show's makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show's "character" grow older for real, and their stories are all real."Coming-of-age" stories, as they're known, have special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else' life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also cannot help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there's no re-writing of the script (副本) and there's no turning back - this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood. a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr. played by US actor Ellar Coltrane - from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood's appeals comes from its "ordinariness". Mason Jr. isn't some child genius....He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary— the power of life itself.69. In the documentary, we see post-00's growing experience EXCEPT .A. how they deal with their studies.B. how they help look after brothers or sisters.C. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents70. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They're intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They're a kind of reality show of ordinary kids' growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.71. Audience are interested in "coming-of-age" stories because .A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossip.D. they appreciate stories of daily life72. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniuses.B. Actors are ordinary characters.C. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big StorySection C(4')Directions: complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apples today?” Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then 73 .All pretense(借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood There were other generosities. 74 Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. "Here, daring," I said, "is what I owe(欠) you", 75 "Give it back as I gave it to you - a little at a time.” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks late. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can't afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie’s death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.76 At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can be marked closed, for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her.第II 卷（21%）IV. Grammar (6%)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding hidden secrets in the masterpieces they lookafter. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered thedead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (77)_______(scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. Looking at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it must have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (78)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied further to possibly identify (79) season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached to examine the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign (80) movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (81)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (82)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see whether they can spot the dead insect.V. Translation (17%)1. 那些没有均衡饮食的孩子更容易得病。
上海市杨浦区2018第一学期高三年级英语期末考试题附答案解析
杨浦区2017届高三第一学期模拟质量调研英语试题2016.12II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In two days , it will be Christmas, children all over world (21) ________(look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people , gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right.(22)______their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed(23)__________(wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning, (24)________we opened them.Picking a great gift require (25)________(know) the person y ou’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challenge . Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (26)______ _________the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gift s are personal . Many Americans don’t feel money constitutes a good gift(27)_______it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person. If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason(28)______ people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit him, (29)________(bring) expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise man, but from God-----the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we (30)______ live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift.Section BDirections: Fill each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used270 electoral vote threshold(门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy with White House.The rise of Trump , a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the ___32___ or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic ___33___of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply ___34__ by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him , Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed vi ctory, Trump ___35___ Americans to “ come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans ,” he said in his victory speech . Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would teach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for ___36___and help so that “ we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s governing agenda remains unclear. The president elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexio border to stop immigrants from coming into the country___37___.___38___ immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and ___39___incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but he definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as he recognizes the responsibilities he ___40__and follows through on his promises.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Security guard, truck driver, salesperson—year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job ___41___ --unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement—these three jobs ___42___ for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under ___43___. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and the n ___44___ each conversations either “small talk” (“What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!”) or “serious” (“Did they break up soon after?”). They found that the second type is connected with happiness—the happiest students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, ___45___ only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don’t just consider small talk ___46___ yet. Scientists believe tha t small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could ___47___ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.Small talk can also help us feel connecter to our ___48___. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and ___49___ spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of ___50___ than those who rushed through the transaction（交易）. ___51___, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not ___52___.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation ___53___ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanwhile, needed no help ___54___ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays intofriendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,” the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive social ___55___.”Therefore, go ahead—small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.41. A. rewarding B. depressing C. exhausting D. challenging42. A. stand out B. turn up C. give off D. put forward43. A. negotiation B. construction C. investigation D. examination44. A. divided B. entitled C. imposed D. cataloged45. A. figured out B. made up C. look over D. added to46. A. worthless B. essential C. boring D. ridiculous47. A. occupy B. satisfy C. brighten D. spoil48. A. emotions B. heart C. customers D. surroundings49. A. purposefully B. briefly C. continuously D. generally50. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. achievement51. Consequently B. Oppositely C. Unexpectedly D. Similarly52. A. approached B. attached C. addressed D. attended53. A. breaking B. pausing C. rolling D. stopping54. A. evolving B. substituting C. adapting D. transforming55. A. interaction B. standard C. impact D. involvementSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dear Alcohol,You’ve been around forever, I can remember all the pain you’ve caused me.Do you remember the night you almost took my father’s life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He’s addicted to you, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street, crashing into two other car s. He wasn’t the only one hurt by you that night.Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were there. My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen completely. “I’m so embarrassed,” they said as I held their hair back so that they could vomit. “I’m sorry,” they said when I called taxies for them, walking them out and paying the driver in advance. “This won’t happen again,” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night thanks to you.Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. Hissister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn’t realize her brother was in the midst of it all. She never saw him again. And it’s all your fault.I wish you’d walk out of my life forever. I don’t want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you’ve made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you’ve caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring（引诱）in the people I love. Stop hurting me, please.Sincerely,Anonymous56. What did alcohol do to the author’s father?A. It took his life away one night.B. It helped to get rid of his problems.C. It pushed him to hurt others when driving.D. It got him seriously injured in a car accident.57. T he underlined words “were intrigued by” in paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ______.A. were familiar withB. were curious aboutC. were disappointed atD. were fed up with58. Which of the statements is TRUE about the author’s neighbor or his sister?A. He drove to pickup his drunken sister.B. His sister was to blame for the car accident.C. He crashed into a car from the other direction.D. His sister was too scared to look at the scene of the accident.59. What is the tone of the article?A. HumorousB. DoubtfulC. indifferentD. Critical(B)60. The total capacity for the public forum on nee and joint pain is ______ people.A. 5B. 20C. 50D. 10061. Mr Li, a marathon runner, has an irreparable slip disc（椎间盘突出）.Which hospital should he go to if he does not want to undergo any operation?A. Mt Elizabeth HospitalB. Gleneagles HospitalC. Changi General HospitalD. Singapore General Hospital62. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Any Singaporean can attend Dr Tan’s talk free-of-charge.B. Participants of public forum can get a book $20 cheaper.C. People “like” the Mind Your Body Facebook page can win a prize.D. People can book the Bone Density Scan on Feb 4th at a special price.(C)China’s domestically developed, long-acting experimental AIDS drug is undergoing a final review by the China Food and Drug Administration, the last stage in the approval process.Different from traditional oral drugs that require daily use, but it’s a heavy burden for patients to take medicine every day for years. As a result, long-acting drugs are the future direction in developing innovative AIDS medicine. For Chinese patients, the number of oral drugs available in the domestic market is very limited, so there is an urgent need for drugs to solve the problem of drug resistance.Zhao Yan, a treatment specialist at the National Center for AIDS said seven or eight oral drugs for AIDS are currently provided to patients for free. “The injection solution could give an alternative to patients … if it could be included in the country’s health insurance system,” she said.“Now very few patients are using drugs from the health insurance system, both because no differentiated drugs are provided and because the procedure is more complex and could harm their privacy,” she said. “New drugs will be broadly used only if the system can embrace more varieties of drugs.”Albuvirtide went into the research and development stage in 2002 and entered phase three of clinical trials—a step to assure safety and effectiveness before market approval—in 2014. Phase three is the last round of clinical trials for new drug tests in China. If the drug can pass the reviews of the country’s drug watchdog, usually at least two rounds, it can then enter the market. The time needed for the review ranges from months to years.Clinical trials showed that the new drug performs even better than the oral drugs being used. Most of the oral drugs for AIDS being used in China are generic drugs developed in the 1970s and ‘80s that are not so efficient. In terms of safety and effectiveness, evidence so far showed that Albuvirtide is better than most second-line drugs—drugs used when first-line standard drugs fail—in developed countries because of lower toxicity（毒性）and fewer side effects.Worldwide, a number of long-acting AIDS drug are in development. None has been approved for sale. Only Albuvirtide and a few in the United States have entered phase three of clinical trials.63. Albuvirtide is ______.A. a China-developed long-acting oral AIDS drugB. undergoing a clinical test on dogs to assure its safetyC. more efficient than other AIDS drugs and has fewer side effectsD. the only AIDS drug that has entered the last round of clinical trials64. Albuvirtide is good news for AIDS patients in China because ______.A. it’s a new drug and they are not resistant to itB. it is one of the most effective first-line drugsC. it has been included in the health insurance systemD. they can keep their privacy by being injected once a week65. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. The research and development of Albuvirtide began in 2002.B. There are usually three phases in the clinical trial for a new drug.C. Albuvirtide is now in the stage of carrying out clinical trials.D. The time needed for review varies from drug to drug.66. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. Albuvirtide can spare patients from taking oral drugs every dayB. the health insurance system has room for further improvementC. most AIDS drugs being used now were developed in last centuryD. China is leading the whole world in the field of AIDS researchSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches?A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? ___67___ Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that t ax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there’s another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” ___68___ But workers in order countries are not used tolooking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical,non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.On a damp, boring, stay-in-house kind of day, I was a 4-year-old artist armed with a new treasure: my own big box of crayons（蜡笔）. Somehow, the usual paper wasn’t special enough for these 64 perfect, sweet-smelling sticks of vivid color. I looked around for a bigger canvas （画布）. If only there were hidden walls. Walls like the ones in Mom and Dad’s closet.Slipping quietly down the hall to the bedroom, I stood on tiptoe to reach the string for the closet light. Words and images filled my mind faster than my hands could make them.A brilliant rainbow was seen on one wall, with a cheery golden sun peeking out from above. Below, a giant shade tree supported a swing for stick-figure children. Around them, flowers bloomed everywhere.My masterpiece! All my very own magic! I look in the walls, the colors and the brightness. Joy swelled inside me. But as my creativity wound down, a thou ght popped up: I’ve got to show Mom! Suddenly I was still.Mom called out, “Dinner’s ready.” After a short time, her footsteps approached, and then finally, the closet door opened. I stood nervously in the corner.Mom breathed in sharply, then stood frozen. Only her eyes moved as she slowly looked over my masterpiece. She was quiet for a long, long time. I didn’t dare breathe.Finally, she turned to me.“I like it,” she said, “No, I love it! I feel I have a new closet!”Now, 45 years later, my childhood artwork is still there. And in my own house, the closet walls are masterpieces, too, created by my own daughters when they were little girls.Every time I open a closet door, I remember that, as big as that box of crayons and white walls seemed when I w as little, my monther’s love was the biggest thing of all.I. TranslationsDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.为了赶时髦，一些年轻人花费一个月的工资去购买新发行的电子产品。
英语_2018年上海市杨浦区中考英语一模试卷(含答案)
2018年上海市杨浦区中考英语一模试卷一、 Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（）A m e thodB e nemyC m e moryD r e cent2. The main purpose of international laws of war is to protect ________ innocent．（）A aB anC theD /3. Sue's still very angry _______ me for forgetting her birthday．（）A forB toC withD by4. The world's smallest lizard has been discovered ________ a small Caribbean island．（）A onB inC forD at5. At night， it's __________ on the farm than it is in the city．（）A darkB darkerC darkestD the darkest6. Did Professor Li give you some ________ about the exam？（）A skillB pointC opinionD advice7. You _______ tired． You should get some rest．（）A hearB soundC listenD listen to8. Volunteers help with research and animal rescue， and they teach _______ about sea life．（）A otherB othersC the otherD another9. ﹣﹣________ the Shanghai World Financial Center？﹣﹣It is 492meters．（）A How longB How farC What sizeD How tall10. If I _______ too much coffee， I have to run to the bathroom all day long．（）A drinkB am drinkingC drankD will drink11. Don't forget the user name and password ______you won't be able to sign in．（）A orB butC andD so12. The suspect's friend denies _______him destroy evidence．（）A helpB helpedC helpingD to help13. The government made a promise ______ medical care and social security strong.A keepB to keepC keepingD to keeping14. Big TV's aren't popular today _______ most people watch shows on their phones．（）A even ifB so thatC becauseD as long a s15. A woman who fell 10 meters from High Peak _______ to safety by a helicopter．（）A liftedB is lftedC was liftingD was lifted16. We shouldn't put metal in the microwave． It ______ start a fire．（）A canB shouldC mustD need17. By the time I found the website， they _______ all the tickets．（）A are sellingB have soldC had soldD will sell18. This method is rarely used in modern laboratories，_________？（）A is itB isn't itC did itD didn't it19. ﹣I'm sorry I was at a meeting all morning． I just didn't have time to write the report．﹣﹣ _______ But I need it this week．（）A How terribleB That's OKC I'm not sureD I'm sorry to hear that20. ﹣I think it's a good idea to volunteer somewhere before college．﹣﹣_______． It's a great experience．（）A Not at presentB Are you kidding？C I don't think soD I suppose you're right二、 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词或者词组只能填一次）21.As a child， I used to dream about life in the 21st century． I often read science fiction stories （1）_______on popular science． I loved watching everything on television that had anything to do with future．But the reality of life in the 21st century（2）_______to be quite different from my imagination． People still don't live on other planets， space travel is not（3）_______to everyone， and you still have to go to school where you are taught by human teachers， not computers or robots． I'm not （4）_______， thought． Some things are better in real life than in my dreams．22.In the science fiction stories I read，（1）_______people didn't have computers． Computers were always enormous machines that needed experts to work with them．Often， only the government had access to them． In one story by Issac Asimov， the computer， Multivac is so huge and complicated that they have to （2）_______it with a special building．In reality ， however， many people now own computers in their homes． And I'm not just talking about their PCs or Macs， but （3）_______specialized computers， microprocessors，in their washing machines or in their cars， for example． And these machines are getting smaller and smaller as the years go by． I am convinced that an up﹣to﹣date laptop computer these days（4）_______more computing power than Asimov's Multivac． And you most certainly don't have to build a house to find some space for it．三、 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）：（共8分）23. My name is Katherine but my friends all call________" Kitty"．（I）24. There have been 16________ of damage to cars in the area so far．（case）25. There are many animals with dangerous bite in the world， but which one is the________？（bad）26. I was very________ when I saw huge spider on my bed．（frighten）27. Although there may have been other factors ， the dinosaurs died________ ofdisease．（main）28. We're supposed to do all this work by tomorrow， but it's________．（possible ）29. The total________ of the completed subway line 17is 2016kilometers．（long ）30. The detective studied the scene and tried to________ every detail to look back on later．（ memory）四、Rewrite the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子． 62-67 题，每空格限填一词． 68 题注意句首大写）：（共14分）31. You need a mouse for your laptop．（改为否定句）You________ a mouse for your laptop．32. Eric goes to the movie________（对划线部分提问）________ does Eric go to the movies？33. The weather affected our plans．（保持句意基本不变）The weather had an________ our plans．34. Mrs Church said to me，" I ‘m surprised that you progressed sorapidly．"（保持句意基本不变）Mrs． Church didn't________me________ progress so rapidly．35. The first mobile phone was the size of a shoe box．（保持句意基本不变）The first mobile phone was________ as a shoe box．36. Last year the company put three recycling bins in our school cafeteria（改为被动语态）Last year three recycling bins________ in our school cafeteria by the company．37. me， briefly explain， to ， the touch pad， how， let， use（连词成句）________五、 Reading comprehension （阅读理解）：（共50 分） A. Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案：（共12分）38. You've probably never seen a movie quite like this one． Loving Vincent is the first animated film in the world to be made entirely with paintings． Every scene was creating using oil paint on canvas（画布）． Twelve paintings were needed just to show one second of the film． It took more than 100artists seven yeas to complete it．The movie has gotten good reviews since it came out on the Chinese mainland onDec． 8． Its box office （票房） earnings have reached over $20million（132.43million yuan） worldwide， according to Variety．The film tells the story of the final moths of famous Dutch artist Vincent van Goph（1853﹣1890）． The story is told through his paintings and the characters in them． It shows his death as being part of a murder mystery， as Hollywood Reporter said．A young man named Armand Roulin servers as both detective and storyteller． A year after the death of Vincent van Gogh， Armand is instructed by his father ， Postman Joseph Roulin， to personally deliver a letter to Vincent's brother， Theo． Armed isn't fond of Van Gogh， but to please his father he agrees to give the letter， traveling across Europe to the town where Vincent spent his final moths． When he finds that Theo has died of a disease shortly after his brother， he visits several important people in Van Gogh's life to find out the truth behind his death． He talks with Van Gogh's friend， a doctor， and the owner ofthe hotel he lived in． But each person tells a different story．There are many examples of the examples of the artist's work in the movie． It shows over 120of his paintings， such as The Night Café， Wheatfield With Crows， and The Starry Night． It's no wonder Empire Magazine called it " one of the most beautiful films of 2017"．The real﹣life letters that Van Gogh wrote to his brother are shown as well． The movie lets you see the real Vincent van Gogh in a different way．44． Loving Vincent is________．A the world's first animated filmB a 3D movie full of adventure．C a fully oil﹣painted feature filmD a move introducing Vincent's paintings45．D frames were painted for the 90﹣minute movie．A． 12B． 120C． About 20，000D． About 65，00046． The story is told from B point of view．A． Vincent'sB． Armand'sC． Theo'sD． Joseph's47． Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the events？Da． Armed was asked to send a letter to Therob． Vincent van Gogh died in a small townc． Theo died of a diseased． Armand interviewed several important peoplee． Armand travelled across EuropeA． b﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣dB． e﹣c﹣b﹣d﹣aC．e﹣a﹣d﹣b﹣cD．b﹣c﹣a﹣e﹣d48． What is not mentioned about the movie？AA． DirectorB． PlotC． Release dateD． Box office49． Which of the following might be the review of the film？BA． The film explores what it is to follow your dreams， respect your family and that seeingis not always believingB． Should I go out to a movie tonight， or visit the art museum？ The film is the closest you can get to doing both．C． I'm rather surprised at the number of people saying it's too violent or scary． Even if some scenes are a bit scary， the humour of it gives it a balance．D． It is funny ， well acted． well animated and stays true to the original comicstrip． This is a great kids movie that I am sure adults who watched this as a kid will love it too．39. B． Choose the words or expressions and complete the passageHow many times have you seen someone on TV or in a crowd and had that nagging feeling that you've seen them somewhere before but can quite place them? This seems to be quite a（n）（1）_______experience and it raises questions about exactly how we recognize faces． What's going on in our brains when we see a face?Scientists have recently carried out tests on volunteers to find out which areas in the brain are involved in face recognition． The tests must have been a lot of fun to take part in! The volunteers were （2）_______a photograph of a famous person on a computer and then the face gradually changed into another famous person's． For example a picture of the 1950s film star Marilyn Monroe （3）_______changed into a picture of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher! Obviously, Marilyn's beautiful curly blonde hair became greyer, her nos became sharper and longer, and her face developed wrinkles and lines around the mouth． As they watched the person change, complicated equipment scanned thevlunteers' brains to see which parts of the brain were lighting up．The （4）_______showed that we use three main areas of the brain to identify people's faces． While one section of the brain looks at the physical features such as size and shape of eyes, another part identifies the face as known or unknown．（5）_______, a third part of the brain is checking out the name or other information about the face in our memory． It sounds （6）_______but it seems that human beings can store as many as 10, 000faces in their memories and most of us can recognize about ninety per cent of our classmates up to thirty five years after we last saw them!（1）A badB commonC unusualD exciting（2）A shownB slowlyC slowlyD suddenly（3）A surveyB situationC changesD results（4）A What's moreB For the time beingC As a resultD At the same time（5）A sillyB amazingC seriousD familiar40. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper wordsAvoid being a crime victimVisiting a new city can be exciting， but every big city has crime． Nevertheless， that shouldn't stop you from having a great time． Here are some tips so that you don't become a victim．①Let's start with the obvious． Day or night， don't hang out in areas that don't seem safe． And remember： It's always better to be with other people than to be a （56）________．②We all want to look our best， but it's not a good idea to wear an e（57）________watch or valuable jewelry in public． Carry those in a pocket or bag where no one can see them．③Don't act like you're from out of town． Walk like you live there! Pay attention to your "personal space，" and know what the people a（58）________you are doing． Headphones are cool， but let's face it， ou can't pay attention to others while you're listening to music．④Always bring your phone with you， but don't make it easy for the bad guys to s （59）________it from you． Wait to call or text u（60）________you're inside a restaurant or some other safe place． Before you take any photos， be aware of who's nearby．⑤Be e（61）________careful if you use an ATM or cash machine at a bank or when you're buying souvenirs or tickets． Don't let other people see your money．There are millions of people who visit cities all over the world every day． S（62）________somewhere will probably become the victim of a crime． But it doesn't have to be you!41. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）Jack arrived at the SOC（Scottish Outdoor Challenge）centre and went to the hall where Mr Riley， the leader of the SOCC Centre， was speaking． "This is a two﹣day course about being a leader，"Mr Riley said．"There are two challenges（挑战）． Try to finish them but remember the rules． One： work as a team． Two： don't do anything dangerous． And three： use your intelligence．"For the first challenge， Mr Riley took groups to a forest， about three miles from the SOC Centre．"It's half past three． I've given you a map and a compass． You must find your way back to the SOC centre． The first team back is the winner． Good luck!"Jack was in a team with Lisa， Edward and Kim．"Hi，"Jack said．"We haven't met before but I'm usually the leader at school． Shall I be the leader of our group？""Why don't we just work as a team？"Lisa asked．"It's better if I'm the leader，"Jack said． He kept the map and the compass．Half an hour later， Jack and his team were lost．"Why don't I read the map？"Lisa said．"Good idea，"Edward said．"I've hurt my ankle so let's get back．""I've got a getter idea，"Jack replied．"There's a house over there． I'm going to ask for a ride．""Are you crazy？"Lisa said．"It's against the rules．""Which rules？"Jack asked．"Edward has hurt his ankle and Mr Riley said‘Use your intelligence'． Come on， let's go．"Twenty minutes later， Jack， Lisa， Kim and Edward arrived back at the centre in a car． They walked into the centre where Mr Riley was working on his computer．"Congratulations!"said Mr Riley．"You are the winners． How do you feel？"Lisa， Edward and Kim looked at Jack．"Why don't you ask our leader？"said Lisa．63． Where was Mr Riley speaking at the beginning of the story？________64． How long did Jack's course last？________65． What was the first challenge？________66． How did Jack's team with the challenge？________67． According to Lisa， which rule did Jack break？________68． Was Jack a good leader？ Why or why not？________六、Writing42. In 60﹣120words， write a story to go long with the given picure．（根据所给图片，合理发挥想象，用60﹣120 个词写一个故事）（注意：短文中不得初选考生的姓名、校名以及其他相关信息，否则不予评分）The following words and expressions are for reference（以下词语仅供参考）：theft， handbag， bench， run away， walking stick， trip， arrest2018年上海市杨浦区中考英语一模试卷答案1. D2. C3. C4. A5. B6. D7. B8. B9. D10. A11. A12. C13. B14. C15. D16. A17. C18. A19. B20. D21. E,B,D,A22. C,E,A,D23. me24. cases25. worst26. frightened27. mainly28. impossible29. length30. memorize31. don't need32. three times a week．,How often33. effect on34. believe,to35. as big36. were put37. let me explain briefly how to use the touch pad38.39. BADDB40. lone,xpensive,round,teal,ntil,specially,till41. In the hall．,Two days．,ThefirstchallengeisaboutthreemilesfromtheSOCcenter,Work asa team．,The third rule．,Yes，Ithinkhe'sgoodleaderBecauseheobeystherulesandusesthewisdomtocareforhisteam'shealth 42. 略。
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
精心整理2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5分）A．Job applicants．B．University students．C．News reporters．6．（1.5分）A．The Student Union．B．The Tutoring Service Center．C．Her professor's office．D．Her tutor's home．7．（1.5分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate．D．The impact of mass media．8．（1.5分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．9．（1.5分）A．She is disappointed with his decision．B．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days12．（4.5分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside．Tea contains caffeine which，（1）it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems．（2）would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesbooks is like a room without windows．Mann （1）pointed out the value of books，but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world．A new study in the journal Social Science Research，publishing in October，suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational （2），and to achieve more in life，than people who grow up without them．In the study，over 160，000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were intheir homes when they were 16 years old．Then they were（3）in literacy，numeracy （计算能力）and information communication technology．The research shows that the number of books for each household （4）greatly from country to country．（5），the number of books is 27 in Turkey，143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia．But "the total （6）of home library size on literacy are large everywhere" ，according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study．paper．（1）A．simply B．definitely C．generally D．randomly （2）A．backgrounds B．advantages C．requirements D．development （3）A．estimated B．examined C．tested D．investigated （4）A．changes B．alters C．shifts D．varies（5）A．By comparison B．As a result C．For instance D．In total（6）A．effects B．expenses C．inputs D．contributions （7）A．higher B．lower C．average D．similar（8）A．make up for B break up with C．live up to D．catch up with （9）A．senior B．essential C．equal D．familiar（10）A．addition B．engagement C．devotion D．exposure （11）A．prove B．demonstrate C．enhance D．acquireUS，suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress．People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression，anxiety，and body aches，reported the Daily Mail．But with secrets so often getting out，why do people share them at all？Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend．Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them．A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other．"Keeping or sharingsecrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone．" according to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out．But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people．A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself inC．It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand．D．Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets．（4）What's the best title for the passage？A．Walls have ears．B．Still tongues make wise heads．C．A word spoken is past recalling．D．Every wall has a crack．17．（6分）Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder？Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress﹣free day．With a range of time﹣saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists，this is the only festive menu you'll ever need．Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2 pmView and print our at﹣a﹣glance infographic time plan．? 11 am Take your turkey out of the fridge．Buy your ingredientsWe've pre﹣loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go．Just click below to be taken to your shopping list，where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket，and remove any ingredients as needed，and even print the list，to use direct when shopping．（Serves 6）Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk．Please check your list thoroughly beforepurchasing．If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you'll need to do this manually．Please also check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program，as you may prefer a different brand from that listed．（1）Which section CAN'T we find on the website？A．Classic cocktailsB．Vegetarian Christmasphenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves．In order to explore how our brain does this，a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments．In the experiment，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily．During the first several days，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University，told Live Science．Scientists found that their auditory cortex （听觉皮层）﹣the area of the brain that processes sound ﹣became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two orexperience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment？A．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter？A．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement．（3）Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played？conflicts．D．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs．E．This analysis of "we﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships．F．They found that too much "I﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with，and who share their lives with us in return．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk"．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，thewell．IV. Summary Writing20．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes，many of us often think：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are，chances are that we don't stick to our promise．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination（拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014，bedtime procrastination is a common problem．In their study，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule，delaying itat least twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things，which were keeping them up in the first place．21．（5分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right）22．（5分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution）23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．24．（5分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not）VI. Guided Writing25．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening ComprehensionB．Excited．C．Surprised．D．Calm．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略4．（1.5分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate．D．The impact of mass media．【考点】15：短对话理解．【解答】略【点评】略8．（1.5分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略11．（4.5分）（1）A．A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem，which spoils good mood．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers．D．It is terrified of explosive device．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略13．（6分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts．（2）A．It includes fantasy role﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending．C．It is an expensive online game．D．It is something like a racing game．14．（15分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside．Tea contains caffeine which，（1）although it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems．（2）What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste andgoodness but with little or （3）none of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）growing（grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian province，southern China．（5）As they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine﹣free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that，the locals believe，offer considerable health benefits．（6）Known（know）locally as Hongyacha，the newly discovered plant grows only6．Known．考查非谓语，be known as：被称为，作为..被熟知，这里是过去分词做状语，故填known．7．above．考查介词，海平线1000米以上，故填above．8．are exploring．考查时态，根据now可知使用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填are exploring．9．to be bred．考查语态，to do这里表将来，将来被培育的新品种，故填to be bred．10．has been reported．考查时态，但是没有报道任何进展，因为是进展做主语，故使用被动，表示动作的持续，故填has been reported．【点评】语法填空题是考查学生对语篇的理解能力和语言知识的应用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，充分考虑语境和上下文的联系．运用所掌握的词汇，语法等知识进行作答．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.a large number of books at home got a（n）（7）D score as university graduates who grewup with only a few books．The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage．""Reading books in a young age can （8）A shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy；its impacts are （9）C to additional years of education．" Sikora told Science Alert．Apart from the educational benefits，growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success．"Early （10）D to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that（11）C lifelong cognitive （认知的）abilities"，Sikora told Science Alert．These abilities are（12）B to future development．Without doubt，the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could（13）A the importance of printed books．For now，（14）B，"they still seem to（15）C quite（14）A．therefore B．however C otherwise D．likewise （15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduce【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】短文主要通过研究表明书对人们的文化程度、计算机能力和认知能力等都有积极的影响．【解答】1﹣15 ABCDC ADACD CBABC1．A．副词的辨析，simply简单地，definitely绝对地，generally一般而言，randomly随意地，Mann只是指出书的重要性而已，故答案为A．2．B．名词的辨析，backgrounds背景，advantages优点，requirements要求，development 发展，研究表明成长中有更多书的人更有可能有教育上的优势，故答案为B．3．C．动词的辨析，estimated估计，examined检测，tested试验，investigated调查，接着这些人被测试他们的文化和计算机能力等，故答案为C．4．D．动词的辨析，changes改变，alters改变，shifts改变，varies各异，研究表明家庭里的藏书不同国家间各异，故答案为D．义务的，这些能力对于将来的发展具有关键性的作用，故答案为B．13．A．动词的辨析，weaken变弱，highlight强调，overestimate评价过高，reflect反映，毫无疑问我们现在生活的数码时代会使纸质书的重要性变弱，故答案为A．14．B．副词的辨析，therefore所以，however然而，otherwise不然的话，likewise同样地，前后句子构成转折的关系，故答案为B．15．C．动词的辨析，enjoy享受，obtain获得，maintain保持，reduce减少，直到现在，书似乎还是对人有积极的作用，故答案为C．【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage youaccording to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out．But this doesn't mean that it isa good idea only to share secrets with quiet people．A quiet person may be someone whokeeps everything inside．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give theinformation away．Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it．Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore．（1）The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to A．A．let out a secretB．tell the truthC．eat our wordsD．take gossip【分析】本文章主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．【解答】1．A．词义猜测题．根据文章第一段内容，"Don't tell anyone"．We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us．But it can be hard to keep a secret．We're often tempted to "spill the beans "，even if we regret it later．"不要告诉任何人"．当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话．但是很难保守秘密．即使我们后来后悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去，结合选项，故选A．2．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容，People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression，anxiety，and body aches．知道他人秘密、替他人保守秘密的人会患上抑郁症、焦虑症和身体疼痛．．结合选项，故选D．3．D．推理题．根据文章最后一段内容，Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away．由此可知，沙阿Shah 说，要判断是否要告诉skin．? 12 pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast．? 12.15 pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables．Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze．Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts．? 1 pm Baste the turkey，pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird．Return to the oven．? 1.10 pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter．? 1.25 pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven．? 1.30 pm Check the turkey﹣take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C．Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking．? 1.35 pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze，then put in the oven．? 1.40 pm Make the gravy，cook the sprouts and keep warm．?2 pm Sit down to the starter，with everything for your lunch ready to go．?The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ，so you can do it once you've enjoyedD．Wealth management（2）How long does it take to toast the turkey？CA．1 hourB．2 hoursC．1.5 hoursD．2.5 hours（3）Which of the following is True？BA．The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert．B．The automatically﹣generated shopping list is just for user's reference．C．Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand．D．You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了为朋友和家人烹饪整个圣诞晚餐的想法会让你不寒而栗吗？我们的烹饪作家Sophie Godwin为无压力的一天创造了最终的简why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps ，not ours？According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September，this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves．In order to explore how our brain does this，a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals theability to monitor，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments．In the experiment，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily．During the first several days，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University，told Live Science．﹣such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano ﹣and we compare this to what we actually hear，"explains Schneider．"We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment？AA．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter？CA．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement．easily after tuning out familiar sounds．这表明老鼠大脑中的"感觉过滤器"可以帮助它在排除熟悉的声音后，很容易地检测到新的声音或环境中的异常噪音．所以A选项他们的大脑对熟悉的声音反应迟钝．是实验的结果，故选A．2．C．推理判断题．根据倒数第五段的句子：It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter（过滤）out the sound of their own movements这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音．可见这种过滤器可以识别大环境中的声音，所以选C．3．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段句子；Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well．But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important．能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说也很重要．但是预测自己动作声音的能力对于更复杂的人类行为来说也很重要，可见一个好的指挥家对在管弦乐队中如何演奏每个音符有很好的预测．故选D．4．B．推理判断题．着时间的推移，根据第一段句子：You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps．Undoubtedly ，it means that there's someoneD．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs．E．This analysis of "we﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships．F．They found that too much "I﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with，and who share their lives with us in return．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk"．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5，000 participants．【考点】PF：选句填空．【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如何建立一种持久的社会关系，朋友是我们共同生活的特殊人．他们与我们分享他们的生活．但寻找朋友和保持友谊绝非易事．【解答】1．E．推理判断题．根据文章前文Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5，000 participants由加州大学心理学家梅根?罗宾斯和她的同事领导，研究人员对30项不同的研究进行了回顾和分析，涉及超过5项；可知交谈"表明，频繁使用"我们"和"我们"与更幸福、更健康的关系有关；故选E．2．A．推理判断题．根据前文The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership，which makes us more interdependent我们"这个词将人们从个人职位转移到合伙企业，罗宾斯告诉"科学日报"；可知代词有助于洞察人们是把自己看作是个人还是整体的一部分；故选A．3．C．推理判断题．根据后文The primary point is that interdependence may bring aboutthink：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are，chances are that we don't stick to our promise．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination（拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014，bedtime procrastination is a common problem．In their study，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule，delaying it at least twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things，which were keeping them up in the first place．"People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed．" Floor Kroese，a psychologist at Utrecht University，further explained to HuffPost．Yet，according to scientists，lack of self﹣control is not the only thing to blame．Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time．In order to check the分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句．【解答】Two studies carried out separately in Netherlands and Germany find that lack of self ﹣control and the influence of body clock on sleep are to blame for "bedtime procrastination "，the behavior of delaying going to bed．（要点Psychologists reached the conclusion by following participants' sleep schedule and studying sleep patterns．（高分句型一）（要点二）They warn that bedtime procrastination is potentially bad for health．（高分句型二）（要点三）【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.【解答】答案：Inspired by the team spirit ，every member of the research group made his contributions to the new project．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用过去分词作状语，make contributions to对…做出贡献．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．More and more people suffer from mental problems ，which results from the increasing pressure in life．【考点】Q2：汉译英．【分析】越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．【解答】答案：More and more people suffer from mental problems ，which results from the increasing pressure in life．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用动词短语suffer from意为"遭受"，which引导非限制性定语从句，result from源自．法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．VI. Guided Writing25．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．【考点】R3：图画类．【分析】高分句型一：Some people think success is simple and direct，while in fact，theway to success is twist and it needs hard work．译文：有些人认为成功是简单而直接的，而事实上，成功的途径是曲折的，它需要努力工作．分析：这句话使用while连接并列句，表示对比关系．高分句型二：It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work．译文：你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率．中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．。
2018-2019学年上海杨浦高级中学高一上摸底考英语试卷
2018年杨浦高级中学高一摸底考英语试卷I. Grammar and Vocabulary (40%)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked, B, C and D Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Many of his friends are very______people and I am already_______with them.A, boring , bored B bored, boring C boring, boring D bored , bored答案选D。
bored感到无聊的，修饰人，boring无聊的，修饰物或事2. Computers can be_______assistance in many aspects of project planning and control.A. atB.onC. ofD. in答案选C，of加名词相当于形容词，of assistance相当于assistant,有帮助的3.He is considering_______her father if she keeps behaving badly in class.A. to contact withB contacting withC contactingD. to contact答案选C,consider doing sth.4.I don't think the young man______his ideas clearly at yesterday's meeting.A communicated B. concentrated C. confused D managed答案选A,传达，B,集中注意力，C，使混淆，D，管理5.Rather than _______everything to the last minute,he always prefers_________early.A.leave ,startingB.to leave,to startC.leaving.,to startD.leave,to start答案选D，考察prefer to do rather than do sth.6. If you tell your father what you have done, he will be______angry.A. very muchB.more thanC. less thanD a lot of答案选B,more than表示程度，更加7. It is said that the young job applicant was rejected by the interviewer just______eye contact.A. for lack ofB because of lackC. for lacking forD. because his lack of答案选A,固定搭配，因为缺乏8.The shy little girl hid herself behind her mother to avoid_______.A. staringB. staringC being staredD. being stared at答案选D，avoid doing sth.避免做某事，此处要用被动，避免被凝视，stare at固定搭配，凝视9. The way____you say something is far more important than the thing you say.A.in that B which C that D where答案选C，考察定语从句the way做先行词，关系词只能用that或in which或不填10. In many Asian cultures, avoiding eye contact________respect.A. gesturesB.signalsC.remindsD. assists答案选B,动词词义辨析signal表示，标志，用信号表示11. In ancient China, the Moon Day was________a harvest festival since fruits,vegetables and grain had been collected from the fields.A looked uponB thought ofC regardedD considered答案选D，be considered被认为，被视为。
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
2019 年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5 分）A．Job applicants．B．University students ．C．News reporters．D．Public speakers．2．（1.5 分）A．﹩36．B．﹩60．C．﹩24．D．﹩303．（1.5 分）A．Nervous．B．Excited ．C．Surprised．D．Calm．4．（1.5 分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise ．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise ．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do ．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man ．5．（1.5 分）A．Student and teacher．B．Guest and receptionist．C．Customer and shop assistant．D．Daughter and father ．6．（1.5 分）A．The Student Union ．B．The Tutoring Service Center ．C．Her professor's office ．D．Her tutor's home ．7．（1.5 分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate ．D．The impact of mass media．8．（1.5 分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays ．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule ．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday ．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．9．（1.5 分）A．She is disappointed with his decision ．B．She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle ．C．She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry ．D．She suggests the man reconsider his plan．10．（1.5 分）A ．Because he favors goods in physical stores．B．Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience ．C．Because he doesn't have much money．D．Because he doesn't like the shopping festival ．11．（4.5 分）（1）A ． A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests ．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians ．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem ，which spoils good mood ．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers ．D．It is terrified of explosive device ．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days12．（4.5 分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food ．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020 ．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public ．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other ．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim ．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter ．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise ．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries ．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time ．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games ．13．（6 分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game ．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts ．（2）A．It includes fantasy role ﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending ．C．It is an expensive online game ．D．It is something like a racing game ．（3）A．Players have opportunities to make new friends ．B．Players can have face﹣to﹣face communication ．C．Players may be rewarded with delicious food ．D．Players can start the game at any time they want．（4）A．Add variety to the recommended game ．B．Look around to find a cheaper online game ．C．Persuade the woman to change her mind．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game ．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word ；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15 分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine ﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year ．Tea can be goodfor health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol （胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside ．Tea contains caffeine which ，（1）it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems ．（2）would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）of the caffeine has been found ．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）（grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian province，southern China．（5）they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine ﹣free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that ，the locals believe，offer considerable health benefits ．（6）（know）locally as Hongyacha ，the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1，000 metres（7）sea level around a handful of Chinese villages ．Now the researchers（8）（explore）methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out ．It can take time ﹣and sometimes it does not work ﹣for new plant varieties （9）（breed）for commercial use ． A pair of naturally caffeine﹣free coffee plants were discovered in 2003，but little progress （10）（report）Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest ．And others will wonder what else is out there．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections ：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A ，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.15．（15 分）According to German novelist Heinrich Mann （1871﹣1950）， a house without books is like a room without windows ．Mann （1）pointed out the value of books ，but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gaina window on the world ．A new study in the journal Social Science Research ，publishing in October ，suggeststhat people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational （2），and to achieve more in life ，than people who grow up without them ．In the study，over 160，000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old ．Then they were（3）in literacy ，numeracy（计算能力）and information communication technology ．The research shows that the number of books for each household （4）greatly from country to country ．（5），the number of books is 27 in Turkey ，143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia ．But "the total （6）of home library size on literacy are large everywhere" ，according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study．The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a（n）（7）score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books ．The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage．""Reading books in a young age can （8）shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy；its impacts are （9）to additional years of education ．" Sikora told Science Alert．Apart from the educational benefits，growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success ．"Early （10）to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices tha（t 11）lifelong cognitive （认知的）abilities" ，Sikora told Science Alert ．These abilities are（12）to future development ．Without doubt ，the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could （13）the importance of printed books ．For now ，（14），"they still seem to（15）quite a large positive benefit ，which shows no sign of decreasing" ，researchers wrote in the paper．（1）A．simply B．definitely C．generally D．randomly（2）A．backgrounds B．advantages C．requirements D．development （3）A．estimated B．examined C．tested D．investigated（4）A．changes B．alters C．shifts D．varies（5）A．By comparison B．As a result C．For instance D．In total（6）A．effects B．expenses C．inputs D．contributions（7）A．higher B．lower C．average D．similar（8）A．make up for B break up with C．live up to D．catch up with （9）A．senior B．essential C．equal D．familiar（10）A．addition B．engagement C．devotion D．exposure（11）A ．prove B．demonstrate C．enhance D．acquire（12）A．relevant B．crucial C．opposite D．compulsory （13）A．weaken B．highlight C．overestimate D．reflect（14）A．therefore B．however C otherwise D．likewise（15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduceSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.16．（8 分）"Don't tell anyone" ．We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us．But it can be hard to keep a secret．We're often tempted to "spill the beans " ，even if we regret it later．According to Asim Shah，professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine ，US，keeping a secret may well "becomea burden"．This is because people often have an "obsessive（无法摆脱的）and anxious urgeto share it with someone" ．An earlier study ，led by Anita E ．Kelly ，a scientist at the University of Notre Dame ，US，suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress ．People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression ，anxiety，and body aches，reported the Daily Mail ．But with secrets so often getting out ，why do people share them at all ？Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend ．Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them． A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other．"Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone．"according to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out ．But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people ． A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside ．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away．Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it．Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore ．（1）The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to ．A ．let out a secretB．tell the truthC．eat our wordsD．take gossip（2）A person who is entrusted with a secret ．A ．is oft often obsessed with a certain threatB．often would rather not have been told about itC．usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD．may suffer from physical or psychological problems（3）What can we learn from the passage？A ．Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves ．B．Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt ．C．It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand ．D．Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets ．（4）What's the best title for the passage？A ．Walls have ears．B．Still tongues make wise heads．C． A word spoken is past recalling ．D．Every wall has a crack ．17（．6 分）Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder？Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress﹣free day．With a range of time ﹣saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists ，this is the only festive menu you'll ever need ．Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2 pmView and print our at ﹣a﹣glance infographic time plan ．? 11 am Take your turkey out of the fridge ．? 11.30 am Heat the oven ．Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkey skin．? 12 pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast ．? 12.15 pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables．Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze．Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts ．? 1 pm Baste the turkey，pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird．Return to the oven ．? 1.10 pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter．? 1.25 pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven．? 1.30 pm Check the turkey ﹣take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C ．Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking ．? 1.35 pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze，then put in the oven．? 1.40 pm Make the gravy ，cook the sprouts and keep warm．?2 pm Sit down to the starter ，with everything for your lunch ready to go ．?The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ，so you can do it once you've enjoyed the main course．Buy your ingredientsWe've pre﹣loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go ．Just click below to be taken to your shopping list ，where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket ，and remove any ingredients as needed，and even print the list ，to use direct when shopping ．（Serves 6）Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk ．Please check your list thoroughly beforepurchasing．If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you'll need to do this manually ．Please also check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program，as you may prefer a different brand from that listed．（1）Which section CAN'T we find on the website ？A ．Classic cocktailsB．Vegetarian ChristmasC．Roast calculatorD．Wealth management（2）How long does it take to toast the turkey ？A ． 1 hourB． 2 hoursC． 1.5 hoursD． 2.5 hours（3）Which of the following is True ？A ．The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert ．B．The automatically ﹣generated shopping list is just for user's reference．C．Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand ．D．You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click ．18 ．（8 分）You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear somefootsteps．Undoubtedly ，it means that there's someone around．But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps ，not ours？According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September，this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves ．In order to explore how our brain does this， a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University ．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor ，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relationto those of their larger environments ．In the experiment ，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily ．During the first several days ，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney ，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University ，told Live Science ．Scientists found that their auditory cortex （听觉皮层）﹣the area of the brain that processes sound ﹣became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it ．" It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter （过滤）out the sound of their own movements ．" David Schneider ，an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science at New York University ，told HuffPost ．But once the sound changed，their auditory cortex became active again ．This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds ．"For mice ，this is really important ，" said Schneider．"They are prey animals ，so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them ，even when they're walking and making noise．Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humansas well．But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument ．"When we learn to speak or to play music ，we predict what sounds we are going to hear ﹣such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano ﹣and we compare this to what we actually hear，"explains Schneider ．"We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment ？A ．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice ．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps ．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds ．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter ？A ．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds ．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions ．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement ．（3）Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played？A ．He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player ．B．He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement ．C．He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors ．D．He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra ．（4）What can be inferred from the passage？A ．Noise﹣filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment ．B．The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers ．C．The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance ．D．Sound﹣predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals ．ection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.19．（8 分）A ．Pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole ．B．If you are speaking in a person context ，you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you．C．Their research also found that "we ﹣talk" is helpful for resolving conflicts ．D．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs ．E．This analysis of "we ﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships ．F．They found that too much "I ﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions ．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with ，and who share their lives with us in return ．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk" ．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5 ，000 participants ．（1）．The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership，which makes us more interdependent．" （2）．Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them ．" Robbins told Science Daily ．（3）．The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship ﹣centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner﹣﹣especially important in times of stress and disagreement ．Contrary to "we ﹣talk" ，there is "I ﹣talk" ，which refers to the frequent use of the first ﹣person singular pronouns ，such as "I" ，"me" and "mine" ，when writing or speaking．Earlier this year ，researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4，7000 people in Germany and the US ．（4）．As you can see from the two studies ，too much "I ﹣talk" can make you feel depressed．But "we ﹣talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others ．So next time you are talking to a friend，try using more "we﹣talk" ．You may find yourself feeling more positive ﹣﹣and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well ．IV. Summary Writing20．（10 分）Directions ：Read the following passage ．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible ．When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes ，many of us oftenthink：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are ，chances are that we don't stick to our promise ．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination （拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014 ，bedtime procrastination is a common problem ．In their study ，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule ，delaying it atleast twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things ，which were keeping them up in the first place ．"People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed ．" Floor Kroese ， a psychologist at Utrecht University ，further explained to HuffPost ．Yet，according to scientists，lack of self ﹣control is not the only thing to blame ．Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time．In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep ，psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February ．It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning ．"The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough ，" Jane Kuhnel ， a psychologist at Ulm University ，concluded in Popular Science．"Biological processes need to support this intention ．"People always think that bedtime procrastination isn't a big problem ，but as Kroese told Popular Science，"the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health ．"V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the wordsgiven in the brackets.21．（5 分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right ）22．（5 分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution ）23．（5 分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．24．（5 分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not ）VI. Guided Writing25．（20 分）Directions ：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese ．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．2019 年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5 分）A．Job applicants．B．University students ．C．News reporters．D．Public speakers．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5 分）A．﹩36．B．﹩60．C．﹩24．D．﹩30【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1.5 分）A．Nervous．B．Excited ．C．Surprised．D．Calm．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略4．（1.5 分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise ．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise ．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do ．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略5．（1.5 分）A．Student and teacher．B．Guest and receptionist．C．Customer and shop assistant．D．Daughter and father ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略6．（1.5 分）A．The Student Union ．B．The Tutoring Service Center ．C．Her professor's office ．D．Her tutor's home ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5 分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate ．D．The impact of mass media．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略8．（1.5 分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays ．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule ．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday ．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略9．（1.5 分）A．She is disappointed with his decision ．B．She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle ．C．She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry ．D．She suggests the man reconsider his plan．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略10．（1.5 分）A ．Because he favors goods in physical stores．B．Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience ．C．Because he doesn't have much money．D．Because he doesn't like the shopping festival ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略11．（4.5 分）（1）A ． A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests ．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians ．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem ，which spoils good mood ．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers ．D．It is terrified of explosive device ．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略12．（4.5 分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food ．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020 ．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public ．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other ．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim ．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter ．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise ．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries ．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time ．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games ．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略13．（6 分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game ．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts ．（2）A．It includes fantasy role ﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending ．C．It is an expensive online game ．D．It is something like a racing game ．（3）A．Players have opportunities to make new friends ．B．Players can have face﹣to﹣face communication ．C．Players may be rewarded with delicious food ．D．Players can start the game at any time they want．（4）A．Add variety to the recommended game ．B．Look around to find a cheaper online game ．C．Persuade the woman to change her mind．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game ．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ：After reading the passage below，fill inthe blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with agiven word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word ；for the other blanks，useone word that best fits each blank.14．（15 分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine ﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year ．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol （胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside ．Tea contains caffeine which ，（1）although it improves mental alertness ，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems ．（2）What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）none of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）growing （grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian。
2018-2019高中英语上海高三专题试卷联考模拟试卷一含答案考点及解析
2018-2019高中英语上海高三专题试卷联考模拟试卷一含答案考点及解析班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择1.________ all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. (2011·陕西，19)A．Since B．WhileC．If D．As【答案】【解析】B解析句意为：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。
since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。
根据句意选while。
二、完形填空2.第二部分：英语知识及运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Rubber ducks are being used to help scientists understand global warming and melting glaciers. NASA researchers have 21 90 ducks into holes in Greenland's fastest moving glacier, the Jakobshavn Glacier between Greenland and Canada. The 22 have each been marked with the words "science experiment" along with an e-mail address. If they are found scientists will be able to 23 how the water moves through the ice and provide information about the 24 of glaciers. Scientists are still 25 about why glaciers speed up in summer and head towards the sea. One theory is that as the summer sun melts ice on top of the glacier's surface, the water moves to the bottom of the glacier, where it helps to 26 the movement of ice toward the coast. The Jakobshavn Glacier is believed to be the 27 of the iceberg that sank the Titanic in 1912. RobertJones, the experiment organizer, said none of the ducks had been 28 yet. "We haven't heard back but it may take some time until somebody actually finds it and decides to send usa/an 29 that they have found it," he said. "These are places that are 30 so there aren't people walking around."21. A. flown B. buried C. hidden D. dropped22. A. results B. toys C. glaciers D. scientists23. A. remember B. invent C. learn D. control24. A. development B. movement C. growth D. travels25. A. unsure B. excited C. concerned D. ignorant26. A. reduce B. control C. speed D. stop27. A. position B. source C. reason D. result28. A. hurt B. eaten C. missing D. reported29. A. email B. card C. fax D. sign30. A. hidden B. lost C. remote D. quiet【答案】21—25 DBCBA 26—30 CBDAC【解析】略三、阅读理解For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescent s’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrelsover unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.3.Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A．Both can continue for generations.B．Both are about where to draw the line.C．Neither has any clear winner.D．Neither can be put to an end.4.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.5.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ______.A．give orders to the otherB．know more than the otherC．gain respect from the otherD．get the other to behave properly6.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A．Causes for the parent –teen conflicts.B．Examples of the parent –teen war.C．Solutions for the parent –teen problems.D．Future of the parent-teen relationship.【答案】3.B4.A5.C6.C【解析】试题分析：对许多父母来说，抚养孩子就像打一场持久战，但经过长年累月的战斗，依然分不出胜负。
杨浦区2018届高三一模英语卷(含答案)
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟质 调研英语学科试卷2017.12本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。
全卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。
2.第I卷（1-20小题，31---70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第21-30小题，IV.Summary Writing部分和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。
第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a professor's office. B.In a second-hand book shop.C.In a library.D.In a hospital.2. A.10yuan. B.20yuan.C.30yuan.D.50yuan.3. A.House agent and customer. B.Shop assistant and customer.C.Car mechanic and car owner.D.Employer and employee.4. A.The man doesn't believe what the woman says.B.The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C.They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D.The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure.5. A.She always talks bad about her colleagues.B.She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C.She is good at handling complicated relationships.D.She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.6. A.Harmony in a community. B.Safety in the neighborhood.C.Preparation for Christmas.D.Ways to save electricity.7. A.Watching advertisements may help ease eyestrain（眼疲劳）.B.It's a great chance to break the habit of watching TV.C.The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D.Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes.8. A.The man decides to go home by rail.B.Most people travel by car during the festival.C.Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D.The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A.He is not a bit overweight.B.He likes his fitness instructor.C.She has set too many rules for him.D.She should talk with his personal trainer.10.A.Greeks are not allowed to get married before18.B.Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C.American parents don’t pay for children's wedding.D.Greek parents will take care of children until they are18.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s)and the passage(s).The conversation(s)and passage(s) will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.The burn is20millimeters across.B.The burn is small but very painful.C.The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D.The burn is small but the skin is damaged.e a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B.Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C.Treat the burned area with cold running water.D.Flush（冲洗）the burn with ice water for several minutes.13.A.To avoid infection. B.To ease pain.C.To speed recovery.D.To reduce stickiness.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.A cell phone. B.A leather wallet.C.A mini camera.D.An alarm clock.15.A.The wallet will sound an alarm.B.It will track the thief with GPS system.C.It will contact the bank to block balance.D.Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16.A.It's out-dated in this digital age.B.It can text messages automatically.C.It is a multifunctional wallet.D.It is unique in appearance and function.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.The concert is beyond her curfew(宵禁).B.She can’t go out on school night.C.Her mother is not available.D.She doesn’t like the band.18.A.His parents set a strict rule for him.B.His parents don’t care when he is back.C.He is self-disciplined and trustworthy.D.He envies those who have curfews.19.A.Promoting maturity. B.Giving sense of security.C.Improving sense of responsibility.D.Discouraging independence.20.A.It’s a severe punishment. B.It’s for her good.C.It’s a ridiculous practice.D.It’s an exceptional case.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation(21)______appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners,and yet when it comes to eating noodles,Japanese people can be(22)______ (loud)in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp,slurping(发出"哧溜"声)when eating noodles(23)______ (encourage)in Japanese culture.It’s believed that taking air into your mouth(24)______enhance the flavor of the noodles,and that it helps cool down the noodles.It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish.Sometimes,just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression–“noodle harassment（骚扰）”--came out last year on social media(25) ______Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26)______a response,Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month.The fork,which looks like an electric toothbrush,is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp,the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone,(27)______ (make)it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary?Dining traditions do vary.(28)______is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another.In India,people eat with their hands(29) ______they think in this way they build a connection with the food.However,people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands(30)______(cover)in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture,just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So,if your are eating noodles,whether that’s ramen,uudon,or soba,please slurp,”wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku.“If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that,pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.MeTro is simple to apply,can be easily stored,and works closely with natural__37__to heal a wound. What’s more,it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are__38__to animal models.But human trials are in the works,and the results to date are incredibly__39__.If the MeTro can be further developed into a__40__product,it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Competition is good for businesses.In the world of navigation（导航）systems,however,competition is also a necessity---it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now,___41___remarkable accuracy and reliability,China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in1994.The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until2000.Now, ___42___,there are already more than20BeiDou satellites in orbit(轨道).They form a___43___network that provides positioning,navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This“home-grown"system is now___44___a major upgrade.Earlier this month,two BeiDou-3 satellites,the first of China’s most powerful___45___of navigation satellites,were launched into space.The launch marks the beginning of the global___46___of the BeiDou navigation system.Over the next three years,China plans to send up30more BeiDou-3satellites;The expanded navigation system will___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of2.5 meters to five meters,overtaking that of the___48___positioning technologies.BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to__49___which lane a car is using on a motorway and__50___the swing of a building in high winds.It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant(消防栓).The Chinese military,meanwhile,will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___.China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own,after the United States(GPS)and Russia(GLONASS).Developing BeiDou is a necessity.The system__52___national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems.Moreover,it enhances China’s international reputation for technological___53___.For most of us,the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are___54___with BeiDou chips(芯片).Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou.One product manager___55___most smartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals.He says:“In three years’time,people may still say‘I’m using GPS’,but in fact,their phone is tune in to BeiDou.”41.A.dominating B.boasting C.shifting D.inputting42.A.however B.afterwards C.moreover D.therefore43.A.continental B.local C.domestic D.regional44.A.enduring B.encountering C.undergoing D.processing45.A.generation rmation C.examination D.revolution46.A.extension B.expansion C.interaction D.invasion47.A.objectively B.eventually C.sufficiently D.essentially48.A.existing B.progressing C.upcoming D.everlasting49.A.explore B.investigate C.spot D.remind50.A.detect B.prevent C.protect D.adjust51.A.privacy B.accuracy C.fluency D.currency52.A.convinces B.insures C.highlights D.strengthens53.A.innovation B.consumption C.emission D.exhibition54.A.decorated B.furnished C.equipped D.connected55.A.respects B.instructs C.inspects D.expectsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal,Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes&Mauritz,more commonly known as H&M,is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy(发霉的)or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås,central Sweden,is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by2020.It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit,the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes,clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,”Jens Neren,head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant,told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl,head of communications for H&M in Sweden,told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,”she said.The Västerås plant has burned around15tons of old H&M clothes so far this year,compared with about400,000tons of rubbish,Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems,and has invested in bioenergy,solar power and electric buses.In2015,the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels.According to the Swedish government,the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil,which accounted for75%of the energy supply in 1970,and now makes up a20%share.56.Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A.Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B.Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C.Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D.H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57.The underlined word in the last paragraph“generating”is closest in meaning to______.A.eliminatingB.adjustingC.producingD.circulating58.What can we learn from the passage?A.The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B.Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C.Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D.Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59.What is the main idea of the passage?A.A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B.The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C.H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D.Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)60.Before an adventure,a trekker should ______.A.tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB.pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC.consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD.have his fitness level assessed at the touristcenter61.Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A.Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B.Tight sports shorts.C.Hiking boots.D.A wide brimmed hat.62.If a trekker starts out at dawn,he may______.A.escape being caught in the rainB.sight scared wildlifeC.enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD.see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa,putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria （疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes'growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying,which have helped cut malaria cases since2000,now threatens“to disturb malaria control”in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,”said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization(WHO)data show that216million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫),which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed445,000people in2016,and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving,the researchers sequenced the DNA of765wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from15locations across eight African countries.Their work,published in the journal Nature on Wednesday,created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data,the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse（多样化的）compared with most other animal species.This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution,they said,and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes.The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa,but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew,an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research,said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine,insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent,united action by scientists,drug companies,governments and the WHO.63.Which of the following is scientists’headache?A.The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B.Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C.The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.lions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64.Malaria cases can be cut by______.A.threatening drug companiesB.spraying insecticidesC.limiting blood donationD.transmitting data65.What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A.Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B.Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C.The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D.Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66.Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A.It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B.It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C.It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D.It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.But despite its popularity,experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure aswe’d imagined.B.Security experts don’t think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology.C.But using multiple security measures is the best defense.D.Now,this type of technology might not be far away.E.If a person’s biometric information is stolen,that could have extremely seriousconsequences for that individualF.The chance that a random person could look at your iPhone X and unlock it withhis face is about one in a million.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next,you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or,a camera scans your face,your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________As technology companies move away from traditional password,biometric （生物识别）security,which includes fingerprint,face and voice ID,is becoming increasingly popular.In2013,Apple introduced the iPhone5s,one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then,using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives.And since last year,Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones,while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________“Biometrics,ideally,are good,”John Michener,a biometric expert,told tech website Inverse.“In practice,not so much.”When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September,Phil Schiller,Apple’s senior vice president,said,“__________69__________”But it’s already been done.In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov3,two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face,Quartz reported.And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,”Anil Jain,a computer science professor at Michigan State University,told CBS news.“No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year,Jain found a way to trick biometric ing a printed copy of a thumbprint,she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,”Jain told CBS News,“because it adds another factor for security.__________70__________”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China.Most of them seem to be in a hurry,as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time.However,such reckless （鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year,food delivery drivers had76traffic accidents in Shanghai alone,according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau.This means that on average,there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every2.5days.Other cities also share similar problems.In Nanjing,three people died and2,473were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period,according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service,reported People’s Daily.About150million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International(CRI).Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers,with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However,food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers.They face company fines of20yuan for delivering food late and upwards of200yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI.Moreover,the more orders they take,the more commission（佣金）they can earn,leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules,“there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears,brains and hearts,”Wang Liang,deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau,told news website The Paper.To solve the problem,some cities have taken action.Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety.Now in Shenzhen,if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice,he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。
[数学]2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷带答案解析
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2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5分）A．Job applicants．B．University students．C．News reporters．D．Public speakers．2．（1.5分）A．﹩36．B．﹩60．C．﹩24．D．﹩303．（1.5分）A．Nervous．B．Excited．C．Surprised．D．Calm．4．（1.5分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man．5．（1.5分）A．Student and teacher．B．Guest and receptionist．C．Customer and shop assistant．D．Daughter and father．6．（1.5分）A．The Student Union．B．The Tutoring Service Center．C．Her professor's office．D．Her tutor's home．7．（1.5分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate．D．The impact of mass media．8．（1.5分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．9．（1.5分）A．She is disappointed with his decision．B．She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle．C．She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry．D．She suggests the man reconsider his plan．10．（1.5分）A．Because he favors goods in physical stores．B．Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience．C．Because he doesn't have much money．D．Because he doesn't like the shopping festival．11．（4.5分）（1）A．A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem，which spoils good mood．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers．D．It is terrified of explosive device．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days12．（4.5分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games．13．（6分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts．（2）A．It includes fantasy role﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending．C．It is an expensive online game．D．It is something like a racing game．（3）A．Players have opportunities to make new friends．B．Players can have face﹣to﹣face communication．C．Players may be rewarded with delicious food．D．Players can start the game at any time they want．（4）A．Add variety to the recommended game．B．Look around to find a cheaper online game．C．Persuade the woman to change her mind．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside．Tea contains caffeine which，（1）it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems．（2）would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）（grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian province，southern China．（5）they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine﹣free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that，the locals believe，offer considerable health benefits．（6）（know）locally as Hongyacha，the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1，000 metres （7）sea level around a handful of Chinese villages．Now the researchers （8）（explore）methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out．It can take time ﹣and sometimes it does not work ﹣for new plant varieties （9）（breed）for commercial use．A pair of naturally caffeine﹣free coffee plants were discovered in 2003，but little progress （10）（report）Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest．And others will wonder what else is out there．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.15．（15分）According to German novelist Heinrich Mann （1871﹣1950），a house without books is like a room without windows．Mann （1）pointed out the value of books，but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gaina window on the world．A new study in the journal Social Science Research，publishing in October，suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational （2），and to achieve more in life，than people who grow up without them．In the study，over 160，000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were intheir homes when they were 16 years old．Then they were（3）in literacy，numeracy （计算能力）and information communication technology．The research shows that the number of books for each household （4）greatly from country to country．（5），the number of books is 27 in Turkey，143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia．But "the total （6）of home library size on literacy are large everywhere" ，according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study．The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a（n）（7）score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books．The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage．""Reading books in a young age can （8）shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy；its impacts are （9）to additional years of education．" Sikora told Science Alert．Apart from the educational benefits，growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success．"Early （10）to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that（11）lifelong cognitive （认知的）abilities"，Sikora told Science Alert．These abilities are（12）to future development．Without doubt，the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could（13）the importance of printed books．For now，（14），"they still seem to（15）quite a large positive benefit，which shows no sign of decreasing"，researchers wrote in the paper．（1）A．simply B．definitely C．generally D．randomly（2）A．backgrounds B．advantages C．requirements D．development （3）A．estimated B．examined C．tested D．investigated （4）A．changes B．alters C．shifts D．varies（5）A．By comparison B．As a result C．For instance D．In total（6）A．effects B．expenses C．inputs D．contributions （7）A．higher B．lower C．average D．similar（8）A．make up for B break up with C．live up to D．catch up with （9）A．senior B．essential C．equal D．familiar（10）A．addition B．engagement C．devotion D．exposure（11）A．prove B．demonstrate C．enhance D．acquire（12）A．relevant B．crucial C．opposite D．compulsory （13）A．weaken B．highlight C．overestimate D．reflect（14）A．therefore B．however C otherwise D．likewise（15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduceSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.16．（8分）"Don't tell anyone"．We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us．But it can be hard to keep a secret．We're often tempted to "spill the beans "，even if we regret it later．According to Asim Shah，professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine，US，keeping a secret may well "becomea burden"．This is because people often have an "obsessive （无法摆脱的）and anxious urgeto share it with someone"．An earlier study，led by Anita E．Kelly，a scientist at the University of Notre Dame，US，suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress．People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression，anxiety，and body aches，reported the Daily Mail．But with secrets so often getting out，why do people share them at all？Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend．Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them．A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other．"Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone．"according to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out．But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people．A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away．Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it．Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore．（1）The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to．A．let out a secretB．tell the truthC．eat our wordsD．take gossip（2）A person who is entrusted with a secret．A．is oft often obsessed with a certain threatB．often would rather not have been told about itC．usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD．may suffer from physical or psychological problems（3）What can we learn from the passage？A．Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves．B．Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt．C．It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand．D．Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets．（4）What's the best title for the passage？A．Walls have ears．B．Still tongues make wise heads．C．A word spoken is past recalling．D．Every wall has a crack．17．（6分）Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder？Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress﹣free day．With a range of time﹣saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists，this is the only festive menu you'll ever need．Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2 pmView and print our at﹣a﹣glance infographic time plan．•11 am Take your turkey out of the fridge．•11.30 am Heat the oven．Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkey skin．•12 pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast．•12.15 pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables．Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze．Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts．• 1 pm Baste the turkey，pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird．Return to the oven．•1.10 pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter．•1.25 pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven．•1.30 pm Check the turkey﹣take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C．Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking．•1.35 pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze，then put in the oven．•1.40 pm Make the gravy，cook the sprouts and keep warm．•2 pm Sit down to the starter，with everything for your lunch ready to go．•The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ，so you can do it once you've enjoyed the main course．Buy your ingredientsWe've pre﹣loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go．Just click below to be taken to your shopping list，where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket，and remove any ingredients as needed，and even print the list，to use direct when shopping．（Serves 6）Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk．Please check your list thoroughly before purchasing．If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you'll need to do this manually．Please also check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program，as you may prefer a different brand from that listed．（1）Which section CAN'T we find on the website？A．Classic cocktailsB．Vegetarian ChristmasC．Roast calculatorD．Wealth management（2）How long does it take to toast the turkey？A．1 hourB．2 hoursC．1.5 hoursD．2.5 hours（3）Which of the following is True？A．The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert．B．The automatically﹣generated shopping list is just for user's reference．C．Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand．D．You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click．18．（8分）You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps．Undoubtedly ，it means that there's someone around．But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps ，not ours？According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September，this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves．In order to explore how our brain does this，a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals theability to monitor，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments．In the experiment，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily．During the first several days，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University，told Live Science．Scientists found that their auditory cortex （听觉皮层）﹣the area of the brain that processes sound ﹣became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it．" It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter（过滤）out the sound of their own movements．" David Schneider，an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science at New York University，told HuffPost．But once the sound changed，their auditory cortex became active again．This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds．"For mice，this is really important，" said Schneider．"They are prey animals，so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them，even when they're walking and making noise．Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well．But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument．"When we learn to speak or to play music，we predict what sounds we are going to hear ﹣such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano ﹣and we compare this to what we actually hear，"explains Schneider．"We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment？A．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter？A．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement．（3）Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played？A．He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player．B．He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement．C．He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors．D．He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra．（4）What can be inferred from the passage？A．Noise﹣filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment．B．The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers．C．The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance．D．Sound﹣predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals．ection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.19．（8分）A．Pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole．B．If you are speaking in a person context，you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you．C．Their research also found that "we﹣talk" is helpful for resolving conflicts．D．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs．E．This analysis of "we﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked tohappier and healthier relationships．F．They found that too much "I﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with，and who share their lives with us in return．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk"．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5，000 participants．（1）．The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership，which makes us more interdependent．" （2）．Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them．" Robbins told Science Daily．（3）．The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship﹣centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner﹣﹣especially important in times of stress and disagreement．Contrary to "we﹣talk"，there is "I﹣talk"，which refers to the frequent use of the first ﹣person singular pronouns，such as "I"，"me" and "mine"，when writing or speaking．Earlier this year，researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4，7000 people in Germany and the US．（4）．As you can see from the two studies，too much "I ﹣talk" can make you feel depressed．But "we﹣talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others．So next time you are talking to a friend，try using more "we﹣talk"．You may find yourself feeling more positive﹣﹣and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well．IV. Summary Writing20．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes，many of us often think：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are，chances are that we don't stick to our promise．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination（拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014，bedtime procrastination is a common problem．In their study，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule，delaying it atleast twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things，which were keeping them up in the first place．"People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed．" Floor Kroese，a psychologist at Utrecht University，further explained to HuffPost．Yet，according to scientists，lack of self﹣control is not the only thing to blame．Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time．In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep，psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February．It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning．"The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough，" Jane Kuhnel，a psychologist at Ulm University，concluded in Popular Science．"Biological processes need to support this intention．"People always think that bedtime procrastination isn't a big problem，but as Kroese told Popular Science，"the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health．"V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.21．（5分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right）22．（5分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution）23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．24．（5分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not）VI. Guided Writing25．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening Comprehension1．【解答】略2．【解答】略3．【解答】略4．【解答】略5．【解答】略6．【解答】略7．【解答】略8．【解答】略9．【解答】略10．【解答】略11．【解答】略12．【解答】略13．【解答】略II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．【解答】1．although．考查连词，although引导让步状语从句，虽然提高了精神警觉，故填although．2．What，考查连词，该句是what引导的主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．3．none．考查代词，没有一种咖啡因被发现，表示没有任何一种，故填none．4．growing．考查非谓语，grow与plant之间是动宾关系，故填growing作后置定语，故填growing．5．As．考查连词，as引导定语从句，翻译成"正如，正像"，故填as．6．Known．考查非谓语，be known as：被称为，作为..被熟知，这里是过去分词做状语，故填known．7．above．考查介词，海平线1000米以上，故填above．8．are exploring．考查时态，根据now可知使用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填are exploring．9．to be bred．考查语态，to do这里表将来，将来被培育的新品种，故填to be bred．10．has been reported．考查时态，但是没有报道任何进展，因为是进展做主语，故使用被动，表示动作的持续，故填has been reported．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.15．【解答】1﹣15 ABCDC ADACD CBABC1．A．副词的辨析，simply简单地，definitely绝对地，generally一般而言，randomly随意地，Mann只是指出书的重要性而已，故答案为A．2．B．名词的辨析，backgrounds背景，advantages优点，requirements要求，development 发展，研究表明成长中有更多书的人更有可能有教育上的优势，故答案为B．3．C．动词的辨析，estimated估计，examined检测，tested试验，investigated调查，接着这些人被测试他们的文化和计算机能力等，故答案为C．4．D．动词的辨析，changes改变，alters改变，shifts改变，varies各异，研究表明家庭里的藏书不同国家间各异，故答案为D．5．C．短语的辨析，By comparison相比之下，As a result结果，For instance例如，In total 总共，一下列举了不同国家的例子，故答案为C．6．A．名词的辨析，effects影响，expenses费用，inputs输入，contributions贡献，家庭的藏书对文化总的影响还是很大的，故答案为A．7．D．形容词的辨析，higher更高的，lower更低的，average平均的，similar相似的，研究者发现受教育低但家里书很多的人跟教育程度高但书少的人获得的分数很相近，故答案为D．8．A．短语的辨析，make up for弥补，break up with分离，live up to履行，catch up with 赶上，年轻的时候读书能弥补文化上和计算能力上的缺点，故答案为A．9．C．形容词的辨析，senior年老的，essential必要的，equal平等的，familiar熟悉的，此处指读书对人的影响等同于另外的受教育年限，故答案为C．10．D．名词的辨析，addition另外，engagement约定，devotion致力，exposure接触，此处指早期在家里的成长接触书是非常重要的，故答案为D．11．C．动词的辨析，prove证明，demonstrate展示，enhance增强，acquire习得，书对于增强人们一生的认知能力是有必要的，故答案为C．12．B．形容词的辨析，relevant相关的，crucial决定性的，opposite相反的，compulsory 义务的，这些能力对于将来的发展具有关键性的作用，故答案为B．13．A．动词的辨析，weaken变弱，highlight强调，overestimate评价过高，reflect反映，毫无疑问我们现在生活的数码时代会使纸质书的重要性变弱，故答案为A．14．B．副词的辨析，therefore所以，however然而，otherwise不然的话，likewise同样地，前后句子构成转折的关系，故答案为B．15．C．动词的辨析，enjoy享受，obtain获得，maintain保持，reduce减少，直到现在，书似乎还是对人有积极的作用，故答案为C．Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.16．【解答】1．A．词义猜测题．根据文章第一段内容，"Don't tell anyone"．We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us．But it can be hard to keep a secret．We're often tempted to "spill the beans "，even if we regret it later．"不要告诉任何人"．当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话．但是很难保守秘密．即使我们后来后悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去，结合选项，故选A．2．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容，People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression，anxiety，and body aches．知道他人秘密、替他人保守秘密的人会患上抑郁症、焦虑症和身体疼痛．．结合选项，故选D．3．D．推理题．根据文章最后一段内容，Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away．由此可知，沙阿Shah 说，要判断是否要告诉别人一个秘密，你最好把自己放在他们的位置上．想想当别人告诉你不要泄露这些信息时你会有什么感觉，要从自己的感受中体会到保守一个秘密的难度，结合选项，故选D．4．D．主旨题．根据文章内容，主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．结合选项，故选D．17．【解答】1．D．推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段We've pre﹣loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go．可知，该网站是购买食材的，故我们在网站上找不到财富管理部分．故选D．2．C．细节理解题．根据 1 pm Baste the turkey，pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird．以及1.30 pm Check the turkey﹣take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C可知，烤火鸡需要1.5小时．故选C．3．B．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段Just click below to be taken to your shopping list，where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket，and remove any ingredients as needed，and even print the list，to use direct when shopping．可知，自动生成的购物清单仅供用户参考．故选B．18．【解答】1．A．细节理解题．根据倒数第四段的句子：This suggests that the "sensory filter"in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds．这表明老鼠大脑中的"感觉过滤器"可以帮助它在排除熟悉的声音后，很容易地检测到新的声音或环境中的异常噪音．所以A选项他们的大脑对熟悉的声音反应迟钝．是实验的结果，故选A．2．C．推理判断题．根据倒数第五段的句子：It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter（过滤）out the sound of their own movements这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音．可见这种过滤器可以识别大环境中的声音，所以选C．3．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段句子；Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well．But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important．能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说也很重要．但是预测自己动作声音的能力对于更复杂的人类行为来说也很重要，可见一个好的指挥家对在管弦乐队中如何演奏每个音符有很好的预测．故选D．4．B．推理判断题．着时间的推移，根据第一段句子：You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps．Undoubtedly ，it means that there's someone around．But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps ，not ours？你走在一条安静的街道上，突然听到一些脚步声．毫无疑问，这意味着周围有人．但你有没有想过为什么我们会想到这是别人的脚步声，而不是我们的？可以判断出。
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
habitat while further studies are carried out ． It can take time ﹣ and sometimes it does not
between 700 and 1，000 metres（ 7）
sea level around a handful of Chinese villages ．
Now the researchers（8）
（ explore） methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural
A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine ﹣ free The world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year ． Tea can be good
第 3 页（共 38 页）
for health ， as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol （胆固醇） and reduce the
﹣ Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
have discovered just such a plant （ 4）
（ grow） wild in a remote area in Fujian
2019 年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
I. Listening Comprehension 1．（ 1.5 分） A ． Job applicants．
B ． University students ． C． News reporters． D ． Public speakers． 2．（ 1.5 分） A ． ﹩ 36． B ． ﹩ 60． C． ﹩ 24． D ． ﹩ 30 3．（ 1.5 分） A ． Nervous ． B ． Excited ． C． Surprised ． D ． Calm ． 4．（ 1.5 分） A ． They can hardly find time to do exercise ． B ． Both of them are fond of doing exercise ． C． Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do ． D ． The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man ． 5．（ 1.5 分） A ． Student and teacher． B ． Guest and receptionist ． C． Customer and shop assistant． D ． Daughter and father ． 6．（ 1.5 分） A ． The Student Union ． B ． The Tutoring Service Center ． C． Her professor's office ． D ． Her tutor's home ． 7．（ 1.5 分） A ． The coverage of newspapers． B ． The nature of humans． C． The increase of crime rate ．
【2018最新】2018届上海市杨浦区高考英语模拟试卷及答案-优秀word范文 (14页)
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2018届上海市杨浦区高考英语模拟试卷题目II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___(shake)her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his oldtricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.(23)______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women___(24)(return)her shopping cart. I remembered something in mypurse(25)________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’regoing through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two wo rds, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea(26)_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.(27)________(not do)anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______(say)was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”(29)________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card(30)____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Section BA. technologyB. contemporaryC. stretchedD. hiddenE. recognizedF. discoveryG. updatedH. extensiveI. countlessJ. estimatedK. definitionMost of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia” is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific va lue of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrotein their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, aswell as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 201X, the International AstronomicalUnion(IAU)decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years afterits ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight othersin our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet(矮行星)”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The bestway to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth toold age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits(特征) .Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburghteam has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had bee n given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’sgoing on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. setin stoneSection B(A)One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended bylocal residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since th e landis usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of deliciousfruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate.Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Gar den even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens areoften described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places(B)African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1) Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2) Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3)Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anyt hing up to 300 people. Show more…4)GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5)Wh at’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6)The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7)Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8)Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 201XD. October 201X62. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.(C)A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchersthink that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories(卡路里)to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate(乳酸盐)—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited toU.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says;the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extracalories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brainand weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feedthe brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Notethat there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake orpracticing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it cancause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we growolder , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what otherpeople are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you” rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to ourthinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every shiparrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast ofAustralia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 201X , a Spanish sailingship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences intoEnglish ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海杨浦区2019高考一模试题--英语
上海杨浦区2019高考一模试题--英语〔一模〕〔本卷总分值150 分；完卷时间120 分钟〕第I卷〔共105 分〕I. ListeningComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a post office. B. On the campus. C. In a hotel. D. At the airport.2. A. Doctor and patient. B. Lawyer and client.C. Manager and customer.D. Passer and policeman.3.A. To book a ticket.B. To make complaints.C. To make an appointment.D. To consult a dentist.4. A. She has trouble in getting along with the professor.B. She regrets taking up much of theprofessor’s time. C. She knows theprofessor has been busy recently.D. She doesn’t know the professor has run into trouble.5. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.6. A. Everyone failed in the exam. B. Everyone passed the exam.C. Sixty students passed the exam.D. All the students got sixty.7.A. It was tiring.B. It cost more money.C. It saved time.D. It was acceptable.8.A. It’s inconvenient to go to work.B. The job was not well paid.C. He didn’t like to have meetings.D. The working hours were notsuitable.9. A. $10. B. $13. C. $18. D. $19.10. A. He feels the professor should be merciful.B. He considers the punishment toosevere. C. He thinks it right topunish those students. D. He thinksthe students deserve sympathy.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the followingpassage.11. A. To charge battery. B. To take in empty bottles.C. To sell subway tickets.D. To exchange money.12. A. To donate it directly. B. To exchange it for a subway ticket.C. To withdraw the cash.D. To charge their credit cards.13. A. At bus stops. B. In schools. C. Outside the bank. D. In residential areas.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 1200. B. 8,000,000. C. 15,000. D. 120,000.15. A. It is heavy with texts.B. It lacks visual materials.C. It has virtual tours and interactive maps.D. It provides details about price and requirements.16. A. Never trust any third-party website.B. Make contact with the school.C. Apply for a free campus visit.D. Try to be good enough.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the followingconversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for eachanswer.(Jan. 15th) Charge for tailoring: 20yuanBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write for each answer.Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. People who had lived the horror and suffering of the war began to rebuild their nation.A. fromB. withC. byD. through26. The gangs were all dealing drugs, but Bob was who got caught.A. someoneB. oneC. the oneD. anyone27. Life is a hospital every patient is possessed by the desire to change his bed.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. whose28. Don’t spend time beating on a wall, to change it into a door.A. hopeB. hopingC. hopedD. to hope29. A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure he begins to blame somebody else.A. evenB. untilC. in caseD. once30. The tragedy calls for gun control measures 26 people were killed in theschool shooting in Newtown.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. why31. Mere words cannot match the depths of our sorrow, our wounded hearts.A. nor they can healB. so they can healC. nor can theyheal D. so can they heal32. you look into your heart that your vision will become clear.A. It is only whenB. Only whenC. When it is onlyD. Only when it is33. Don’t let the sadness of your past and the fear of your futurethe happiness of your present.A. ruinB. to ruinC. ruiningD. ruined34. the city’s public school system should be open to the children ofmigrant workers has become the focus of discussion.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. If35. – Who be phoning us at this time of night?– It might be your sister.A. mightB. canC. dareD. must36. Always remember to get every bit of criticism between two thick layers of praise.A. sandwichingB. being sandwichedC. having been sandwichedD. sandwiched37. difficult explorations are, humans have never stopped moving forward.A. WhileB. DespiteC. AsD. However38. To avoid off, you should be prepared to state how your contributionswill benefit the company.A. layingB. to be laidC. being laidD. having beenlaid39.– Do you bring the picture?– Yes, I it for a whole morning.A. looked forB. have looked forC. have been looking forD. had looked for40. My grandfather, is often the case with old people, is fond of talkingabout good old days.A. whichB. suchC. asD. whatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. emphasize B. misunderstanding C. reflect D. referred E. privacyF. attachedG. occurringH. opposeI. civilizationJ. concerningThe most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences. Thetraditional Chinese culture is established on the Confucian philosophy, while the western culture is based on ancient Greek 41 . Cultural differences exist in almost every aspect and therefore42 also onrelationships and marriage.From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship 43 many aspects such as family, friends and relatives, while from the Western point of view, marriage is a contract signed between two people thatis based on trust and love. Furthermore, Westerners’marriages44 more the independence and 45of the couple.That is why Westerners sometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to support our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their “face” and “relations”. Even in a relationship, we are somehow still 46 to our family and relatives. Our partner has to understandit and at least does not 47 it.It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Culturaldifferences may result in48 . Young Asian ladies are fond of western men because they believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearances are more attractive. Western men may think Chinese ladiesare gentler and more feminine.My suggestion for the cross-culture relationship is always trying to put yourself in other’s shoes: accepting rather than changing; always respectingyour partner but clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.There are more and more cross-culture marriages 49 recently. I would like to take this chance to sincerely wish them the very best in theirlove journeys.III. ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.A new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than once thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measureit? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill50 into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage (基因遗传). Trickscan be learned byrepetition, but no real thinking is 51 . Cuing, in which animals learnto do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence. Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools, andcommunication using human language are all 52 measures of the mental ability of animals.When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla (大猩猩) could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates (木板箱) on the lawn near the tree. She 53 the crates into a pyramid, thenclimbed on them to reach her 54 . The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence. Crows (乌鸦) use sticks topry (撬开) peanuts out of cracks. The crow 55 intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. 56 , otter (水獭) use rocks to crack open crab shells in order to get at the meat.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 57 symbols on a keyboard. These symbols 58 human words. An amazing parrot can 59 five objects of two different types. He can understand the difference between the number, color, and kind of object. The ability to 60 is a basic thinking skill. In addition, he seems to use language to express his needs and 61 . When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay, this parrot turned to go. “Come here!” he cried to a scientist who works with him. “I love you. I’m sorry. Wanna go back?”The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than62 thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would animals still be used for food, clothing, or 63 experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult 64 even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.50. A. developed B. admitted C. programmed D. injected51. A. inherited B. involved C. instructed D. intended52. A. realistic B. unusual C. accurate D. effective53. A. piled B. assembled C. supported D. divided54. A. potential B. reward C. standard D. top55. A. explores B. expands C. explains D. exhibits56. A. Likewise B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise57. A. magical B. flexible C. abstract D. permanent58. A. substitute for B. stand for C. appeal to D.carry out59. A. foresee B. determine C. combine D. distinguish60. A. classify B. justify C. qualify D. simplify61. A. satisfaction B. emotions C. gratitude D. beliefs62. A. objectively B. professionally C. previously D. scientifically63. A. electrical B. physical C. medical D. logical64. A. decision B. translation C. choice D. puzzleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Brigham Young University students can now receive the unconditional love of dogs without breaking rules prohibiting pets in university housing.Jenna Miller started her company Puppies for Rent this summer in the Provo area as a way for students and others to rent puppies by the hour.The pups have been rented for first dates and surprise parties and by mothers rewarding their children. After signing a contract, customers can rent them for $15 an hour, $25 for two hours and$10 for eachadditional hour.Miller offers her seven puppies for playtime rentals, with each dog hand delivered straight to the customers’ door. Her lawyer brother helps her with legal contracts and fees. She now has four employees helping look after and deliver the animal.Carl Arky, spokesman for the Humane Society of Utah said his group is against the business. Puppies need consistency and stability in their lives, he said, and renting them to various people might affect the animals’growth and development.Miller said the animals are treated well and she has a 100 percent success rate so far finding them a permanent home. Money paid by renters goes toward adoption fees if they decide to own a puppy.65. Which of the following are not possible rentersof the puppies?A. Young lovers.B. Party organizers.C. Mothers.D. Scientific group members.66. Miller’s brother’s mainresponsibility is to .A. draft contractsB. deliver animalsC. find adoption familiesD. walk dogs67. Why is Carl in disagreement with theservice?A. Because playing with pets is harmful tochildren’s health. B. Because some people willbe cruel to the rented animals.C. Because unstable living enviroment is not good foranimal’s growth. D. Because it will prohibit the puppies from finding a permanent home.(B)DEFINITIONSTENANCY AGREEMENTTHE LANDLORD Mrs Gloria Black of 6 Sutton Road, Cambridge CB57AQ THE TENANT Marina KahnPROPERTY 24a Wood Road, Cambridge CB2 8BGTOGETHER WITH CONTENTS (fixtures, furniture and equipment) specified in the inventory(attached)TERM from 1 st January 20 to 31 st December 20 (12 months)RENT £500 per calendar month, payable in advance on the first day of each month DEPOSIT £500, payable on commencement of this AgreementAGREEMENTSA The Landlord may re-enter the Property and terminate this Agreement if theRent or any part of it is not paid within fourteen days after it becomes due.B The Landlord may bring the tenancy to an end at any time before the expiryof the Term (but not earlier than six months from the Commencement Date of this Contract) by giving the Tenant not less than two months’ written notice starting that the Landlord requires possession of the Property.C The Landlord shall put the deposit with the Deposit Protection Service, andshall inform the Tenant within 14 days of taking the deposit of the contact details of this service and details of how to apply for the release of the deposit from this service.TENANT’S OBLIGATIONS1 Pay the Rent into the Landlord’s bank account at the times specified.2 Pay for all water, gas and electricity consumed on the Property during theTerm; and pay in full for all charges made for the use of telephone on the Property during the Term.3 Keep the interior of the Property during the Term in a good and clean stateof repair, condition and decoration.4 Permit the Landlord to enter the Property at all reasonable times; to inspectthe Property and its contents; and to carry out any works of maintenance or repair to the Property; to show prospective new Tenants around the Property at the end of the tenancy.5 Not take in any paying guest without the prior written consent of the Landlord.6 Not use the Property other than as a private dwelling; nor carry on anyprofession, trade or business in the Property.7 Not use any musical instrument, wireless or television between midnight and7 am, nor permit any singing or dancing between these hours.8 Not keep in the Property any cat, dog or other pet without the prior written consent of theLandlord.SIGNATURESTenant: Name (print): MARINA KAHN Signed: M a ri n a K a hn Witnessed by: Na Address: 16S c h ool Ho u s e L a ne,C ambr i d g e,CB28G HTenant: Name (print): GLO R I A BLACK Signed: Gl o r ia Bl a ckWitnessed by: Name (print): OLIVE LYDIA LEE Signed: Olive L Lee Occupation: Libr68. What’s the monthly rent of the property?A. £500.B. £575.C. £1000.D. £1500.69. What’s the landlord’s witness?A. A teacher.B. A librarian.C. A house agent.D. A bank clerk.70. Which of the following is allowed in the property?A. Watching TV at any time.B. Holding an all-nightdancing party. C. Changing itinto a business office.D. Entertaining friends with self-cooked meals.71. Which of the following is the right of the landlord?A. He can show new tenants around the property atany time. B. He can enter the property to inspectits contents.C. He can take back his property wheneverhe wants. D. He can keep the deposit forhimself.(C)Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when yousit a math exam? For most students, math can be tough but scientists have provedthat math problems can actually trigger physical pain.Scientists came to his conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which waspublished in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by findingout how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series ofquestions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when theywalk into a math lesson.Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One groupwas made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participantsin the other group were more comfortable with the subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math taskwas going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task wassoon to come, a blue square would be shown.Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from GroupOne saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when theirbody is feeling pain. It was like the pain they would fee, for example, if theyburnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain.”More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, t he anticipation of math is painful,” Lyons said.Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.72. In the first stage, scientists ask participants some questions to _.A. see whether math hurtsB. find out how much they fear mathC. observe how their brain responseD. test their endurance of pain73. The underlined word “the anicipation of math” is closest in meaning to.A. the attempt of learning mathC. the effort to understand math B. the motivation to work out math problemD. the act of thinking about math74.Which is the best title for the passage?A. How to overcome math fear.B. Physical pain affects math performance.C. Math pain in your brain.D. Unknown truth about pain.75. What can be concluded from the experiment?A. The anticipation of math has no relation to students’confidence in math. B. Moderate mathematic anxiety promotesstudents’ academic performance.C. Effective solutions have been worked out to lower students’ anxiety ofmath.D. Physical pain caused by HMA disappears in the process of doing math problem. Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Weather is to blameB. Divided opinionsC. Inheriting characteristicsD. Home of the redheadsE. Greater sensitivity to painF. Gene mutation76.Britain may be the most red-headed country in the world. About 1 to 2 percent of the world’spopulation has red hair, but in the UK the numbers are much higher, with 13 percent of Scots, 10percent of the Irish, and 6 percent of people in England having red hair, according to the BBC.77.Scientists have tried to explain why some people have red hair for some time and now they may have found an answer: the dull weather in Britain. The human body needs vitamin D from sunshine, but unfortunately people living in Britain do not have enough of it because of its maritime climate. In fact, Britain gets even more cloud than countries in the far north of Europe. In Sweden,for example, the average daily hours of sunshine is 5.4. In Scotland it is only 3.1 hours.78.To deal with this, the DNA of people living in these areas has changed slightly; scientists callthis a mutation. Originally, the coloring on our body is a mixture of two kinds of melanin — black melanin and red/yellow melanin, but with certain parts of DNA changed, the production of black melanin is suppressed while only red/yellow melanin is made. The result is red hair, light skincolor, freckles and a greater sensitivityto sunlight.79.However, what’s more interesting is that redhead DNA mutation is recessive, which means itis hidden and can often skip generations without showing. At least 1.6 million Scots carry a red-head gene mutation, and most are unaware that they do. This is why a person who does nothave red hair can still produce red-haired children if he or she is a carrier of this special DNA.80.The research on red hair, like many areas of science, is contradictory. In 2002 researchersshowed that redheads are more sensitive to pain, and need more anaesthetic during surgery than people with blonde or dark hair. However, in 2005 scientists found that a MCR1R mutation gives redheads a higher tolerance for pain. Research into these aspects of red hair genetics continues. Redheads should though be more careful about their exposure to sunlight as they are at an increased risk of contracting skin cancer. If you are a redhead, the advice is not to stay out of the sun, but to be careful about how much exposure you get, and to cover yourself with a higher factor sunscreen.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke — although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product.According to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers announced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aromas (芳香). Four yearsago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2006, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a.82. pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?水母84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?第I I 卷〔共45分〕I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 任何人都会犯错，但只有傻瓜坚持他的错误。
杨浦高级中学2018学年高三第一学期英语摸底考试--解析版
杨浦高级中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期英语摸底考试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mbappe, who was born on 20 December 1998, is technically still on loan at Paris St-Germain from Monaco but (21) (expect) to join the French champions for 180m euros (£165.7) as the second (22) (expensive) player of all time. Only the 200m euros (£177m) PSG paid for Brazil forward Neymar in 2017 surpasses that fee. It is not just searing pace Mbappe is blessed with but sublime skill, quick thinking, two clever feet, a cool head, bravery, belief and a brutal eye for goal. His two finishes were predatory, low and powerful. What’s more, He is fast. This requires some clarification: most professional soccer players are fast, in the sense (23) they move more quickly than the average person. Some are fast in a more impressive sense, (24)they move more quickly than the average professional soccer player. It was an incredible performance from a centre forward (25) has the lot: blistering pace, goals, touch and technique.“At 19, to put in a performance like that, (26) millions watching and Messi at the other end, it was simply brilliant.” Mbappe, from the suburbs of Paris, only made his international debut last year. His rise to the top has been dizzying (27) he burst on to the scene in the 2016-17 season, scoring 26 goals in 44 games as Monaco (28) (reach) the Champions League semi-finals and won Ligue 1.His two goals here utterly wiped out Argentina’s gathering momentum and announced his supreme talent to the world. Not since 1958, (29) the legendary Brazilian Pele, then 17, found the net twice against Sweden in the final, has a teenager scored twice in a World Cup game.“I’m very happy, and it’s amazing (30) (compare) to a great player like Pele but he’s in another category,” Mbappe said. “Still, it’s great to join the list of players that have achieved such feats.”【答案】21. is expected 22. most expensive 23. that 24. in that 25. that/who26. with 27. since 28. reached 29. when 30. to be compared【解析】21. 并列句，考查谓语动词。
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试题答卷
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I.ListeningComprehension1．（1.5分）A．Jobapplicants．B．Universitystudents．C．Newsreporters．D．Daughterandfather．6．（1.5分）A．TheStudentUnion．B．TheTutoringServiceCenter．C．Herprofessor'soffice．D．Hertutor'shome．7．（1.5分）A．Thecoverageofnewspapers．B．Thenatureofhumans．C．Theincreaseofcrimerate．D．Theimpactofmassmedia．8．（1.5分）A．DoctorGreenisverybusyonMondays．B．DoctorGreenforgottoputthemanontheschedule．C．AnunexpectedpatientvisitedDoctorGreenlastMonday．D．PatientscanusuallyseeDoctorGreenonschedule．9．（1.5分）A．Sheisdisappointedwithhisdecision．B．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days12．（4.5分）（1）A．Itbansthesalesofsaltyandunhealthyfood．B．Itsresidentslosealtogether100，000kgby2020．C．Everyoneweighshimselfongiantscalesinpublic．D．Localdoctorsmakepersonalizeddietsforeveryone（2）A．Localpeoplesharehealthydietwitheachother．B．Thousandsofresidentskickfootballtokeepslim．C．Localrestaurantsuseoliveoiltoreplacebutter．D．Governmentofficialspersevereinphysicalexercise．（3）A．StudentsareencouragedtowalkorridetoschoolB．Studentsareallowedtoridebicyclesinschoollibraries．C．Parentsareoffereddevicestomonitorchildren'swalkingtime．D．Trytofindanextraordinaryonlinegame．II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagiven word，fillineachwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（15分）Anewlydiscoveredteaplantiscaffeine﹣freeTheworldlovesteaandsome3mtonsofteaareconsumedeveryyear．Teacanbegoodforhealth，asitcontainscompoundsthathelptolowercholesterol（胆固醇）andreducetheriskofheartdisease．Butthereisadownside．Teacontainscaffeinewhich，（1）itimprovesmentalalertness，canalsocauseanxiety，insomniaandotherproblems．（2）wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor （3）ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound．LiangChenandJi﹣QiangJinoftheTeaResearchInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalScienceshavediscoverahousewithoutbooksislikearoomwithoutwindows．Mann（1）pointedoutthevalueofbooks，butsomeresearchershavefoundevidencethatpeoplewithbooksintheirhomesreallydogainawindow ontheworld．AnewstudyinthejournalSocialScienceResearch，publishinginOctober，suggeststhatpeoplewhogrowupwithmorebooksaremorelikelytohaveeducational（2），andtoachievemoreinlife，thanpeoplewhogrowupwithoutthem．Inthestudy，over160，000adultsfrom31countriesandregionswereaskedaboutthenumberofbookstherewereintheirhomeswhentheywere16yearsold．Thentheywere（3）inliteracy，numeracy（计算能力）andinformationcommunicationtechnology．Theresearchshowsthatthenumberofbooksforeachhousehold（4）greatlyfromcountrytocountry．（5），thenumberofbooksis27inTurkey，143intheUKand218inEstonia．But"thetotal（6）ofhomelibrarysizeonliteracyarelargeeverywhere"，accordingtoresearcherJoannSikornofAustralianNationalUniversityinapaperbasedonthestudy．（2）A．backgrounds B．advantages C．requirements D．development （3）A．estimated B．examined C．tested D．investigated （4）A．changes B．alters C．shifts D．varies（5）A．Bycomparison B．Asaresult C．Forinstance D．Intotal（6）A．effects B．expenses C．inputs D．contributions（7）A．higher B．lower C．average D．similar（8）A．makeupfor Bbreakupwith C．liveupto D．catchupwith （9）A．senior B．essential C．equal D．familiar（10）A．addition B．engagement C．devotion D．exposure （11）A．prove B．demonstrate C．enhance D．acquire（12）A．relevant B．crucial C．opposite D．compulsoryAnearlierstudy，ledbyAnitaE．Kelly，ascientistattheUniversityofNotreDame，US，suggestedthatkeepingasecretcouldcausestress．Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepre ssion，anxiety，andbodyaches，reportedtheDailyMail．Butwithsecretssooftengettingout，whydopeoplesharethematall？Shahexplainedthatpeopleoftenfeelthatitwillhelpthemkeepapersonasafriend．Anotherreasonpeo plesharesecretsisguiltoverkeepingitfromsomeoneclosetothem．Asenseofdistrustcandevelopwhenpeoplewhoareclosedonotshareitwitheachother．"Keepingorsharingsecretsoftenputspeoplein apositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone．"accordingtoShah．Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout．Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlyto sharesecretswithquietpeople．Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside．Totell suchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress，andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret．Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgiD．Puttingyourselfinothers'shoeshelpsrealizethedifficultyofkeepingsecrets．（4）What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？A．Wallshaveears．B．Stilltonguesmakewiseheads．C．Awordspokenispastrecalling．D．Everywallhasacrack．17．（6分）DoesthethoughtofcookinganentireChristmasdinnerforfriendsandfamilymakeyoushudder？OurcookerywriterSophieGodwinhascreatedtheultimatesimplifiedmenuforastress﹣freeday．Witharangeoftime﹣savingtechniquesandshowstoppingflavourtwists，thisistheonlyfestivemenuyou'lleverneed．Embracetheartoftheshortcut!Yourtimeplantoeatat2pmViewandprintourat﹣a﹣glanceinfographictimeplan．?11amTakeyourturkeyoutofthefridge．?11.30amHeattheoven．Preparetherosemarybutterandrubunderneaththeturkeyskin．ckbelowtobetakentoyourshoppinglist，whereyoucanbuyallyouringredientsfromyourpreferredsupermarket，andremoveanyingredientsasneeded，andevenprintthelist，tousedirectwhenshopping．（Serves6）AddtoshoppingList TheaboveshoppinglistispoweredbyWhisk．Pleasecheckyourlistthoroughlybeforepurchasing．Ifthesameitemsappearacrossdifferentrecipestheywillnotautomaticallycombineinyourlistandyou' llneedtodothismanually．PleasealsochecktheproductsthathavebeenselectedviatheWhiskprogram，asyoumaypreferadifferentbrandfromthatlisted．（1）WhichsectionCAN'Twefindonthewebsite？A．ClassiccocktailsB．VegetarianChristmasC．RoastcalculatorD．Wealthmanagement（2）Howlongdoesittaketotoasttheturkey？nintuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣thatweareusuallyunawareofthesoundofourownfootsteps﹣﹣﹣asavehicleforunderstandinglargerneural（神经系统的）phenomena；howthisbehaviorrevealstheabilitytomonitor，recognize，andrememberthesoundofone'sownmovementsinrelationtothoseoftheirlargerenvironments．Intheexperiment，researchcontrolledthesoundsofagroupofmicecouldhear，reportedScienceDaily．Duringthefirstseveraldays，themicewouldhearthesamesoundeachtimetheytookastep．Thiswasjustlike"runningonatinypianowitheachkeyplayingexactlythesamenote"，seniorstudyauthorRichardMooney，aprofessorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity，toldLiveScience．Scientistsfoundthattheirauditorycortex（听觉皮层）﹣theareaofthebrainthatprocessessound﹣becameactiveatfirstbutdecreaseditsresponsetothesoundaftertwoorthreeminuteswhenthemicebec amefamiliarwithit．"It'salmostliketheywerewearingspecialheadphonesthatcouldfilter（过滤）outthesoundoftheirownmovements．"DavidSchneider，B．Theyareabletodetectsoundsotheranimalsdon'tnotice．C．Theycannotidentifydifferentsoundsexcepttheirownfootsteps．D．Differentareasoftheirbrainareresponsiblefordifferentsounds．（2）What'sthefunctionofthesensoryfilter？A．Gettingusedtoabnormalorunfamiliarsounds．B．Ignoringthesoundsmadebyourcompanions．C．IdentifyingthesoundsfromalargerenvironmentD．Beingsensitivetothesoundsofourownmovement．（3）Whycanagoodsymphonyconductorimmediatelyrecognizeitwhenawrongnoteisplayed？A．Hehastheabilitytomatchthewrongnotewiththeinstrumentplayer．B．Hehasanintuitionthatheshouldignorethesoundofhisownmovement．C．Hehasalowexpectationandknowswhereplayersarelikelytomakeerrors．D．Hehasagoodpredictionofhoweachnoteshouldbeplayedintheorchestra．（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？talk"suggestedthatthefrequentuseof"we"and"us"islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships．F．Theyfoundthattoomuch"I﹣talk"wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencin gnegativeemotions．Buildingalastingsocialrelationship Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith，andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn．Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy．AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships，thekeyistouse"we﹣talk"．LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants．（1）．Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，IV.SummaryWriting20．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Whenwewakeupfeelingsleepyandwithdarkcirclesundereyes，manyofusoftenthink："I'mgoingtogotobedearliertomorrow!"Buthoweverdeterminedweare，chancesarethatwedon'tsticktoourpromise．Thisbehavioriscalled"bedtimeprocrastination（拖延症）"．AccordingtoastudycarriedoutbyagroupofhealthpsychologistsatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlan dsin2014，bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblem．Intheirstudy，53percentofthe2，400participantssaidtheydidn'tfollowtheirsleepschedule，delayingitatleasttwiceaweek．It'sfoundthattheydelayedbedtimenotbecausetheylikedtostayuplate，buttheycouldn'tstopdoingotherunimportantthings，whichwerekeepingthemupinthefirstplace．"Peoplewhogenerallyhavetroubleresistingtemptationsandstickingtotheirintentionsaremorelikely todelaygoingtobed．"FloorKroese，apsychologistatUtrechtUniversity，献．（contribution）23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．24．（5分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not）VI.GuidedWriting25．（20分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I.ListeningComprehension1．（1.5分）A．Jobapplicants．B．Universitystudents．D．Calm．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略4．（1.5分）A．Theycanhardlyfindtimetodoexercise．B．Bothofthemarefondofdoingexercise．C．Doingexerciseisthelastthingthey'dliketodo．D．Thewomandisagreestodoexercisewiththeman．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5分）A．Thecoverageofnewspapers．B．Thenatureofhumans．C．Theincreaseofcrimerate．D．Theimpactofmassmedia．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略8．（1.5分）A．DoctorGreenisverybusyonMondays．B．DoctorGreenforgottoputthemanontheschedule．C．AnunexpectedpatientvisitedDoctorGreenlastMonday．D．PatientscanusuallyseeDoctorGreenonschedule．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略11．（4.5分）（1）A．Anumberofgiantratsarehiddeninthefieldsorforests．B．Violentrobbersmaycomeoutandhurtinnocentcivilians．C．Peoplemaystepontoalandmine（地雷）andgetinjured．D．Otherroadshavealitterproblem，whichspoilsgoodmood．（2）A．Itisararespeciesofrat．B．Ithasagoodsenseofsmell．C．Itsacrificesitslifetodetectdangers．D．Itisterrifiedofexplosivedevice．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略13．（6分）（1）A．Neitherofthemcanfindasuitablegame．B．Theyarebothenthusiasticaboutgames．C．Goodgamescostalargeamountofmoney．D．TheyoftengoDutchwhenbuyinggifts．（2）A．Itincludesfantasyrole﹣playing．B．Itdoesn'thaveanactualending．C．Itisanexpensiveonlinegame．D．Itissomethinglikearacinggame．（3）A．Playershaveopportunitiestomakenewfriends．B．Playerscanhaveface﹣to﹣facecommunication．Theworldlovesteaandsome3mtonsofteaareconsumedeveryyear．Teacanbegoodforhealth，asitcontainscompoundsthathelptolowercholesterol（胆固醇）andreducetheriskofheartdisease．Butthereisadownside．Teacontainscaffeinewhich，（1）although itimprovesmentalalertness，canalsocauseanxiety，insomniaandotherproblems．（2）What wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor（3）none ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound．LiangChenandJi﹣QiangJinoftheTeaResearchInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalScienceshavediscover edjustsuchaplant（4）growing（grow）wildinaremoteareainFujianprovince，southernChina．（5）As theyreportintheJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry，notonlyistheteaplantnaturallycaffeine﹣freebutitalsocontainsanumberofuniquemedicinalcompoundsthat，thelocalsbelieve，offerconsiderablehealthbenefits．（6）Known（know）locallyasHongyacha，5．As．考查连词，as引导定语从句，翻译成"正如，正像"，故填as．6．Known．考查非谓语，beknownas：被称为，作为..被熟知，这里是过去分词做状语，故填known．7．above．考查介词，海平线1000米以上，故填above．8．areexploring．考查时态，根据now可知使用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填areexploring．9．tobebred．考查语态，todo这里表将来，将来被培育的新品种，故填tobebred．10．hasbeenreported．考查时态，但是没有报道任何进展，因为是进展做主语，故使用被动，表示动作的持续，故填hasbeenreported．【点评】语法填空题是考查学生对语篇的理解能力和语言知识的应用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，充分考虑语境和上下文的联系．运用所掌握的词汇，语法等知识进行作答．III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.booksathomegota（n）（7）D scoreasuniversitygraduateswhogrewupwithonlyafewbooks．TheGuardiannewspapercommentedthat"bookishadolescencemakesforagooddealofeducationala dvantage．""Readingbooksinayoungagecan（8）A shortcomingsnotonlyinadultliteracybutalsonumeracy；itsimpactsare（9）C toadditionalyearsofeducation．"SikoratoldScienceAlert．Apartfromtheeducationalbenefits，growingupwithmorebooksalsoplaysanimportantroleinadultsuccess．"Early（10）D tobooksintheparentalhomemattersbecausebooksareanessentialpartofroutinesandpracticesthat （11）C lifelongcognitive（认知的）abilities"，SikoratoldScienceAlert．Theseabilitiesare （12）B tofuturedevelopment．Withoutdoubt，thefactthatwearemovingtowardadigitaleracould（13）A theimportanceofprintedbooks．Fornow，（14）B，"theystillseemto（15）C quitealargepositivebenefit，whichshowsnosignofdecreasing"，researcherswroteinthepaper．（15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduce【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】短文主要通过研究表明书对人们的文化程度、计算机能力和认知能力等都有积极的影响．【解答】1﹣15ABCDCADACDCBABC1．A．副词的辨析，simply简单地，definitely绝对地，generally一般而言，randomly随意地，Mann只是指出书的重要性而已，故答案为A．2．B．名词的辨析，backgrounds背景，advantages优点，requirements要求，development 发展，研究表明成长中有更多书的人更有可能有教育上的优势，故答案为B．3．C．动词的辨析，estimated估计，examined检测，tested试验，investigated调查，接着这些人被测试他们的文化和计算机能力等，故答案为C．4．D．动词的辨析，changes改变，alters改变，shifts改变，varies各异，研究表明家庭里的藏书不同国家间各异，故答案为D．5．C．短语的辨析，Bycomparison相比之下，Asaresult结果，Forinstance例如，Intotal13．A．动词的辨析，weaken变弱，highlight强调，overestimate评价过高，reflect反映，毫无疑问我们现在生活的数码时代会使纸质书的重要性变弱，故答案为A．14．B．副词的辨析，therefore所以，however然而，otherwise不然的话，likewise同样地，前后句子构成转折的关系，故答案为B．15．C．动词的辨析，enjoy享受，obtain获得，maintain保持，reduce减少，直到现在，书似乎还是对人有积极的作用，故答案为C．【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstate ments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustreapositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone．"accordingtoShah．Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout．Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlyto sharesecretswithquietpeople．Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside．Totell suchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress，andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret．Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgi vetheinformationaway．Shahalsorecommendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone'ssecretyoushouldcomecleanaboutit．Letthepersonknowthattheirsecretisn'tsosecretanymore．（1）Theunderlinedphrase"spillthebean"isclosestinmeaningto A．A．letoutasecretB．tellthetruthC．eatourwordsD．takegossip（2）Apersonwhoisentrustedwithasecret D．秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．【解答】1．A．词义猜测题．根据文章第一段内容，"Don'ttellanyone"．Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous．Butitcanbehardtokeepa secret．We'reoftentemptedto"spillthebeans"，evenifweregretitlater．"不要告诉任何人"．当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话．但是很难保守秘密．即使我们后来后悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去，结合选项，故选A．2．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容，Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression，anxiety，andbodyaches．知道他人秘密、替他人保守秘密的人会患上抑郁症、焦虑症和身体疼痛．．结合选项，故选D．3．D．推理题．根据文章最后一段内容，Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgi vetheinformationaway．由此可知，沙阿Shah说，要判断是否要告诉别人一个秘密，你最好把自己放在他们的位置上．想想当别人告诉你不要泄露这些信息时你会有什么感觉，?12.15pmBoilthepotatoesandrootvegetables．Maketheharissa&orangemarmaladeglaze．Chop theingredientsforthestuffingsprouts．?1pmBastetheturkey，pourinthewhitewineandnestlecabbagewedgesaroundthebird．Returntotheoven．?1.10pmPreparetheseparateingredientsforthemackerelstarter．?1.25pmSmashtheroastiesandputthemintheoven．?1.30pmChecktheturkey﹣takeouttorestiftheinternaltemperaturehasreached65C．Returnthecabbagetotheoventofinishcooking．?1.35pmTosstheroastedrootsintheharissaglaze，thenputintheoven．?1.40pmMakethegravy，cookthesproutsandkeepwarm．?2pmSitdowntothestarter，witheverythingforyourlunchreadytogo．?Thedesserttakesjust10minutestoassemble，soyoucandoitonceyou'veenjoyedthemaincourse．BuyyouringredientsWe'vepre﹣B．2hoursC．1.5hoursD．2.5hours（3）WhichofthefollowingisTrue？B A．TheentireChristmasdinneriscomposedofaroastedturkeyanddessert．B．Theautomatically﹣generatedshoppinglistisjustforuser'sreference．C．Mostoftheingredientsontheshoppinglistcomefromthesamebrand．D．YoucanbuyallyouringredientsonlinethroughWhiskybyoneclick．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了为朋友和家人烹饪整个圣诞晚餐的想法会让你不寒而栗吗？我们的烹饪作家SophieGodwin为无压力的一天创造了最终的简化菜单以及购买菜单中食材的方法．【解答】1．D．推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段We'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．可知，Inordertoexplorehowourbraindoesthis，agroupofscientistscarriedoutanexperimentwithmiceatDukeUniversity．Theresearchenteredona nintuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣thatweareusuallyunawareofthesoundofourownfootsteps﹣﹣﹣asavehicleforunderstandinglargerneural（神经系统的）phenomena；howthisbehaviorrevealstheabilitytomonitor，recognize，andrememberthesoundofone'sownmovementsinrelationtothoseoftheirlargerenvironments．Intheexperiment，researchcontrolledthesoundsofagroupofmicecouldhear，reportedScienceDaily．Duringthefirstseveraldays，themicewouldhearthesamesoundeachtimetheytookastep．Thiswasjustlike"runningonatinypian owitheachkeyplayingexactlythesamenote"，seniorstudyauthorRichardMooney，aprofessorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity，toldLiveScience．Scientistsfoundthattheirauditorycortex（听觉皮层）﹣theareaofthebrainthatprocessessound﹣becameactiveatfirstbutdecreaseditsresponsetothesoundaftertwoorthreeminuteswhenthemicebec amefamiliarwithit．（1）Whatcanbediscoveredaboutmiceintheexperiment？A A．Theirbrainrespondsinactivelytothefamiliarsounds B．Theyareabletodetectsoundsotheranimalsdon'tnotice．C．Theycannotidentifydifferentsoundsexcepttheirownfootsteps．D．Differentareasoftheirbrainareresponsiblefordifferentsounds．（2）What'sthefunctionofthesensoryfilter？C A．Gettingusedtoabnormalorunfamiliarsounds．B．Ignoringthesoundsmadebyourcompanions．C．Identifyingthesoundsfromalargerenvironment D．Beingsensitivetothesoundsofourownmovement．（3）Whycanagoodsymphonyconductorimmediatelyrecognizeitwhenawrongnoteisplayed？DA．Hehastheabilitytomatchthewrongnotewiththeinstrumentplayer．B．Hehasanintuitionthatheshouldignorethesoundofhisownmovement．It'salmostliketheywerewearingspecialheadphonesthatcouldfilter（过滤）outthesoundoftheirownmovements这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音．可见这种过滤器可以识别大环境中的声音，所以选C．3．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段句子；Beingabletoignorethesoundsofone'sownmovementsislikelyimportantforhumansaswell．Butthe abilitytopredictthesoundsofourownactionsisalsoimportant．能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说也很重要．但是预测自己动作声音的能力对于更复杂的人类行为来说也很重要，可见一个好的指挥家对在管弦乐队中如何演奏每个音符有很好的预测．故选D．4．B．推理判断题．着时间的推移，根据第一段句子：You'rewalkingdownaquietstreetandsuddenlyyouhearsomefootsteps．Undoubtedly，itmeansthatthere'ssomeonearound．Buthaveyoueverwonderwhyitoccurstousthatit'ssomeoneels e'sfootsteps，notours？你走在一条安静的街道上，突然听到一些脚步声．毫无疑问，这意味着周围有人．但你有没有想过为什么我们会想到这是别人的脚步声，而不是我们的？可以判断出如果人类有忽视熟悉噪音的能力，有助于发现潜在危险，所以选B．talk"suggestedthatthefrequentuseof"we"and"us"islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships．F．Theyfoundthattoomuch"I﹣talk"wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencin gnegativeemotions．Buildingalastingsocialrelationship Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith，andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn．Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy．AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships，thekeyistouse"we﹣talk"．LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants．（1）E．Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，【考点】PF：选句填空．【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如何建立一种持久的社会关系，朋友是我们共同生活的特殊人．他们与我们分享他们的生活．但寻找朋友和保持友谊绝非易事．【解答】1．E．推理判断题．根据文章前文LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants由加州大学心理学家梅根?罗宾斯和她的同事领导，研究人员对30项不同的研究进行了回顾和分析，涉及超过5项；可知交谈"表明，频繁使用"我们"和"我们"与更幸福、更健康的关系有关；故选E．2．A．推理判断题．根据前文Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，whichmakesusmoreinterdependent我们"这个词将人们从个人职位转移到合伙企业，罗宾斯告诉"科学日报"；可知代词有助于洞察人们是把自己看作是个人还是整体的一部分；故20．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Whenwewakeupfeelingsleepyandwithdarkcirclesundereyes，manyofusoftenthink："I'mgoingtogotobedearliertomorrow!"Buthoweverdeterminedweare，chancesarethatwedon'tsticktoourpromise．Thisbehavioriscalled"bedtimeprocrastination（拖延症）"．AccordingtoastudycarriedoutbyagroupofhealthpsychologistsatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsin2014，bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblem．Intheirstudy，53percentofthe2，400participantssaidtheydidn'tfollowtheirsleepschedule，delayingitatleasttwiceaweek．It'sfoundthattheydelayedbedtimenotbecausetheylikedtostayuplate，buttheycouldn'tstopdoingotherunimportantthings，whichwerekeepingthemupinthefirstplace．"Peoplewhogenerallyhavetroubleresistingtemptationsandstickingtotheirintentionsaremorelikely todelaygoingtobed．"FloorKroese，apsychologistatUtrechtUniversity，furtherexplainedtoHuffPost．分析：这句话使用动名词．高分句型二：Theywarnthatbedtimeprocrastinationispotentiallybadforhealth．译文：他们警告说，睡前拖延可能对健康有害．分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句．【解答】TwostudiescarriedoutseparatelyinNetherlandsandGermanyfindthatlackofself﹣controlandtheinfluenceofbodyclockonsleeparetoblamefor"bedtimeprocrastination"，thebehaviorofdelayinggoingtobed．（要点Psychologistsreachedtheconclusionbyfollowingparticipants'sleepscheduleandstudyingsleeppatt erns．（高分句型一）（要点二）Theywarnthatbedtimeprocrastinationispotentiallybadforhealth．（高分句型二）（要点三）【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使everymemberoftheresearchgroupmadehiscontributionstothenewproject．【考点】Q2：汉译英．【分析】在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．【解答】答案：Inspiredbytheteamspirit，everymemberoftheresearchgroupmadehiscontributionstothenewproject．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用过去分词作状语，makecontributionsto对…做出贡献．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．Moreandmorepeoplesufferfrommentalproblems，whichresultsfromtheincreasingpressureinlife．【考点】Q2：汉译英．【分析】越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．butalso…，notonly后面的句子用倒装，butalso后面的不倒装．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．VI.GuidedWriting25．（20分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．【考点】R3：图画类．【分析】高分句型一：Somepeoplethinksuccessissimpleanddirect，whileinfact，thewaytosuccessistwistanditneedshardwork．译文：有些人认为成功是简单而直接的，而事实上，成功的途径是曲折的，它需要努力工作．分析：这句话使用while连接并列句，表示对比关系．careforeachotherandhelpeachother．Ifyoufollowtheseprinciples，youwillcertainlyachieveremarkablesuccessinthefuture．（自己的看法）【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．。
上海市杨浦区2019届高三上学期期末质量调研(一模)英语试题及答案(word版)
杨浦区2018~2019学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）2018.12考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension Section A1. A. Job applicants. B. University students. C. News reporters. D. Public speakers.2. A.$36. B. $60. C. $24. D.$303. A. Nervous. B. Excited. C. Surprised. D. Calm.4. A. They can hardly find time to do exercise.B. Both of them are fond of doing exercise.C. Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do.D. The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man.5. A. Student and teacher. B Guest and receptionist.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Daughter and father.6. A. The Student Union. B. The Tutoring Service Center.C. Her professor's office.D. Her tutor's home.7. A. The coverage of newspapers. B. The nature of humans.C. The increase of crime rate.D. The impact of mass media.8. A. Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays.B. Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule.C. An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday.D. Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule.9. A. She is disappointed with his decision.B. She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle.C. She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry.D. She suggests the man reconsider his plan.10. A. Because he favors goods in physical stores.B. Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience.C. Because he doesn't have much money.D. Because he doesn't like the shopping festival.Section B Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests.B. Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians.C. People may step onto a landmine(地雷) and get injured.D. Other roads have a litter problem, which spoils good mood.12. A. It is a rare species of rat. B. It has a good sense of smell.C. It sacrifices its life to detect dangers.D. It is terrified of explosive device.13.A. 13 minutes B. 30 minutes C. 40 minutes D. 4 daysQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food.B. Its residents lose altogether 100,000kg by 2020.C. Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public.D. Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone15. A. Local people share healthy diet with each other.B. Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim.C. Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter.D. Government officials persevere in physical exercise.16. A. Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB. Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries.C. Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time.D. Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. Neither of them can find a suitable game.B. They are both enthusiastic about games.C. Good games cost a large amount of money.D. They often go Dutch when buying gifts.18. A. It includes fantasy role-playing. B. It doesn't have an actual ending.C. It is an expensive online game.D. It is something like a racing game.19. A. Players have opportunities to make new friends.B. Players can have face-to-face communication.C. Players may be rewarded with delicious food.D. Players can start the game at anytime they want.20. A. Add variety to the recommended game.B. Look around to find a cheaper online game.C. Persuade the woman to change her mind.D. Try to find an extraordinary online game.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section AA newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows onlybetween 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work –for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) for commercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.Section BA. willingnessB. loyalC. priorityD. figureE. acknowledgingF. interactionG. academic H. drain I. stress J. tense K. convincingDealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ___31___ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ___32___ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yoursel f. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ___33___ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For ex ample, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ___34___ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ___35___.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1.How does this relationship affect me?Every ___36___ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone who pressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37___ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ___38___ to try something new.2.Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ___39___ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ___40___ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AAccording to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann ___41___ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, publishing in October, suggests thatpeople who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational ___42___, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them. In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were_ 43_ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.The research shows that the number of books for each household 44_ greatly from country to country. 45 _, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total 46 _ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere” , according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary eduation but had a large number of books at home got a(n)_47_ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.""Reading books in a young age can _ 48 shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy; its impacts are __49 to additional years of education." Sikora told Science Alert. Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success."Early _50_ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that 5l_ lifelong cognitive (认知的)abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are_ 52_ to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could_ 53_ the importance of printed books. For now, 54_, "they still seem to_ 55_ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly42 A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated44 A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies45 A By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar48. A. make up for B break up with C. live up to D. catch up with49 A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar50. A. addition B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect54. A. therefore B. however C otherwise D. likewise55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduceSection B(A)"Don't tell anyone". We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. We're often tempted to “spill the beans”, even if we regret it later According to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Bchavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well “become a burden". This is because people often have an "obsessive(无法摆脱的) and anxious urge to share it with someone".An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. "Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone." according to Shah.He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out. But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, you'd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore.56. The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to ________.A. let out a secretB. tell the truthC. eat our wordsD. take gossip57. A person who is entrusted with a secret ________.A. is oft often obsessed with a certain threatB. often would rather not have been told about itC. usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD. may suffer from physical or psychological problems58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves.B. Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt.C. It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand.D. Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets.59. What’s the best title for the passage?A. Walls have ears.B. Still tongues make wise heads.C. A word spoken is past recalling.D. Every wall has a crack.(B)Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder? Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress-free day. With a range of time-saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists,this is the only festive menu you'll ever need. Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2pmView and print our at-a-glance infographic time plan.·11am Take your turkey out of the fridge.·11.30am Heat the oven. Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkeyskin.·12pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast.·12.15pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables. Make the harissa & orangemarmalade glaze. Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts.·1pm Baste the turkey, pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around thebird. Return to the oven.· 1.10pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter.· 1.25pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven.· 1.30pm Check the turkey—take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C. Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking.· 1.35pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze, then put in the oven.· 1.40 pm Make the gravy, cook the sprouts and keep warm.·2 pm Sit down to the starter, with everything for you lunch ready to go.·The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ,so you can do it once you’ve enjoyed the ma in course.Buy your ingredientsWe’ve pre-loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go. Just click below to be taken to your shopping list, where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket, and remove any ingredients as needed, and even print the list, to use direct when shopping.(Serves 6)·Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk. Please check your list thoroughly before purchasing. If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you’ll need to do this manually. Please als o check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program, as you may prefer a different brand from that listed.60.Which section CAN’T we find on the website?A. Classic cocktailsB. Vegetarian ChristmasC. Roast calculatorD. Wealth management61.How long does it take to toast the turkey?A.1 hourB.2 hoursC.1.5 hoursD.2.5 hours62.Which of the following is True?A. The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert.B. The automatically-generated shopping list is just for user’s reference.C. Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand.D. You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click.（C）You’re walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps .Undoubtedly ,it means that there’s someone around. But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it’s someone else’s footsteps , not ours?According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research entered on an intuition(直觉)---that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ---as a vehicle for understanding larger neural(神经系统的) phenomena; how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one’s own movements in r elation to those of their larger environments.In the experiment, research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like “running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note”, senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.Scientists found that their auditory cortex (听觉皮层) – the area of the brain that processes sound –became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it.“ It’s almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter(过滤) out the sound of their own movements.” David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science at New York University, told HuffPost.But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the “sensory filter” in a mouse’s brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds.“For mice, this is really important,” said Schneider. “They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to lis ten for a cat creeping up on them, even when they’re walking and making noise.Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument."When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we are going to hear –such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano – and we compare this to what we actually hear, "explains Schneider. “We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play –and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors.”63. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB. They are able to detect sounds other animals don’t notice.C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.64. What’s the function of the sensory filter?A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.65. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played?A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.Section CA. Pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole.B. If you are speaking in a person context, you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you.C. Their research also found that "we-talk" is helpful for resolving conflicts.D. Self-centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs.E. This analysis of "we-talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships.F. They found that too much "I-talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions.Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000 participants.___67____.The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent."____68____.Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily._____69______. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US. ______70_____. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.IV. Summary WritingWhen we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to dela y going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利。
2018-2019学年高一英语考试试题
2018-2019学年高一英语考试试题温馨提示：本试卷共7个大题，满分100分，90分钟完卷。
I. 单项选择。
（每小题 1 分，共 10分）1. Is ________ ID card on the desk yours?A. theB. aC. anD. /2. As a team, ________ of us are supposed to pull together in order to win the match.A. everyB. eachC. noneD. all3. —When was the concert?—It was ________ half past eight ________ the night of March. 1 0th.A. at; onB. at; atC. on; atD. /; on4. If you want to get more ________ about the trip, don’t wait t o email us at 7509257@.A. messageB. informationC. suggestionD. advantage5. This kind of sea food tastes really ________ and it sells ___ _____ for sure.A. well; goodB. well; wellC. good; wellD. good; good6. ________ it’s not easy to make my dream come true, I will n ever give it up.A. UnlessB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. If7. As long as the rain ________ tomorrow, we will have a scho ol trip.A. stopB. stopsC. will stopD. is stopping8. —People should use public transportation to work rather than by car.—Yeah, ________ cars we use, ________ pollution will be.A. fewer; lessB. less; fewerC. the fewer; the lessD. the less; the fewer9. Brian is a sports star. He is good at ________ basketball __ ______ tennis.A. not only; but alsoB. neither; norC. as; asD. not; but10. —I wonder ________.—Well, she is humorous and beautiful.A. what’s Kevin’s mother likeB. what Kevin’s mother likesC. what does Kevin’s mother look likeD. what Kevin’s mother is likeⅡ.完形填空。
2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语摸底考
2018-2019学年上海中学⾼三上英语摸底考上海中学⾼三英语练习II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.Section BDirection: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teamsparticipated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut ?zil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim L?w, the German coach since 2006, used that same word —“schock,” in his own language —to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said L?w, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. H e said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things lik e ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more tha n 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said th ey___49___ performing in the subways, thoughit isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that peopl e need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away. The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development. Becoming China’s first architectural historian s was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Lia ng and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceSection BDirection: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B and C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Bo ynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and w hat fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination foll ows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create。
2019年上海市高三英语模拟试题(含答案)
杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2018.12考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分；2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分.所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题>在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分；3务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,井将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of e ach conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Theconversations and the questions will be spoken only once, After you hear aconversation and the question about it,read the four poss ible answers on your paper.and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Job applicants. B. University students.C. News reporters.D. Public speakers.2. A.$36. B. $60.C. $24.D.$303. A. Nervous. B. Excited.C. Surprised.D. Calm.4. A. They can hardly find time to do exercise.B. Both of them are fond of doing exercise.C. Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do.D. The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man.5. A. Student and teacher. B Guest and receptionist.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Daughter and father.6. A. The Student Union. B. The Tutoring Service Center.C. Her professor's office.D. Her tutor's home.7. A. The coverage of newspapers. B. The nature of humans.C. The increase of crime rate.D. The impact of mass media.8. A. Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays.B. Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule.C. An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday.高三英语第1页共19页D. Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule.9. A. She is disappointed with his decision.B. She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle.C. She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry.D. She suggests the man reconsider his plan.10. A. Because he favors goods in physical stores.B. Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience.C. Because he doesn't have much money.D. Because he doesn't like the shopping festival.Section BDirection:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you wil be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests.B. Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians.C. People may step onto a landmine(地雷) and get injured.D. Other roads have a litter problem, which spoils good mood.12. A. It is a rare species of rat.B. It has a good sense of smell.C. It sacrifices its life to detect dangers.D. It is terrified of explosive device.13.A. 13 minutes B. 30 minutesC. 40 minutesD. 4 days高三英语第2页共19页Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food.B. Its residents lose altogether 100,000kg by 2020.C. Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public.D. Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone15. A. Local people share healthy diet with each other.B. Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim.C. Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter.D. Government officials persevere in physical exercise.16. A. Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB. Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries.C. Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time.D. Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. Neither of them can find a suitable game.B. They are both enthusiastic about games.C. Good games cost a large amount of money.D. They often go Dutch when buying gifts.18. A. It includes fantasy role-playing.B. It doesn't have an actual ending.C. It is an expensive online game.高三英语第3页共19页D. It is something like a racing game.19. A. Players have opportunities to make new friends.B. Players can have face-to-face communication.C. Players may be rewarded with delicious food.D. Players can start the game at any time they want.20. A. Add variety to the recommended game.B. Look around to find a cheaper online game.C. Persuade the woman to change her mind.D. Try to find an extraordinary online game.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant高三英语第4页共19页naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know)locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) for commercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ___31___ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ___32___ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ___33___ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your fr iend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ___34___ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protec t your own ___35___.高三英语第5页共19页How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1.How does this relationship affect me?Every ___36___ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37___ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ___38___ to try something new.2.Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try t o keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ___39___ you it’s yourobligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ___40___ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.S ettling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann ___41___ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, publishing in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational ___42___, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them. In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were_ 43_ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.高三英语第6页共19页The research shows that the number of books for each household 44_ greatly from country to country. 45 _, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total 46 _ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere” , according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n)_47_ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.""Reading books in a young age can _ 48 shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy; its impacts are __49 to additional years of education." Sikora told Science Alert.Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success."Early _50_ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that 5l_ lifelong cognitive (认知的)abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are_ 52_ to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could_ 53_ the importance of printed books. For now, 54_, "they still seem to_ 55_ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly42 A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated44 A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies45 A By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar高三英语第7页共19页48. A. make up for B break up with C. live up to D. catch up with49 A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar50. A. addition B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect54. A. therefore B. however C otherwise D. likewise55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)"Don't tell anyone". We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. We're often tempted to “spill the beans”, even if we regret it laterAccording to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well “become a burden". This is because people often have an "obsessive (无法摆脱的) and anxious urge to share it with someone".An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share高三英语第8页共19页secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. "Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone." according to Shah.He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out. But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, you'd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore.56. The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to ________.A. let out a secretB. tell the truthC. eat our wordsD. take gossip57. A person who is entrusted with a secret ________.A. is oft often obsessed with a certain threatB. often would rather not have been told about itC. usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD. may suffer from physical or psychological problems58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves.B. Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt.C. It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand.D. Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets.59. What’s the best title for the passage?高三英语第9页共19页A. Walls have ears.B. Still tongues make wise heads.C. A word spoken is past recalling.D. Every wall has a crack.(B)Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder? Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress-free day. With a range of time-saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists, this is the only festive menu you'll ever need. Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2pmView and print our at-a-glance infographic time plan.·11am Take your turkey out of the fridge.·11.30am Heat the oven. Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkey skin.·12pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast.·12.15pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables. Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze. Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts.·1pm Baste the turkey, pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird. Return to the oven.· 1.10pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter.高三英语第10页共19页· 1.25pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven.· 1.30pm Check the turkey—take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C. Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking.· 1.35pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze, then put in the oven.·1.40 pm Make the gravy, cook the sprouts and keep warm.·2 pm Sit down to the starter, with everything for your lunch ready to go.·The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ,so you can d o it once you’ve enjoyed the ma in course.Buy your ingredientsWe’ve pre-loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go. Just click below to be taken to your shopping list, where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket, and remove any ingredients as needed, and even print the list, to use direct when shopping.(Serves 6)·Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk. Please check your list thoroughly before purchasing. If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you’ll need to do this manually. Please als o check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program, as you may prefer a different brand from that listed.60.Which section CAN’T we find on the website?A. Classic cocktailsB. Vegetarian ChristmasC. Roast calculatorD. Wealth management61.How long does it take to toast the turkey?高三英语第11页共19页A.1 hourB.2 hoursC.1.5 hoursD.2.5 hours62.Which of the following is True?A. The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert.B. The automatically-generated shopping list is just for user’s reference.C. Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand.D. You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click.（C）You’re walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps .Undoubtedly ,it means that there’s someone around. But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it’s someone else’s footsteps , not ours?According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research entered on an intuition(直觉)---that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ---as a vehicle for understanding larger neural(神经系统的) phenomena; how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one’s own movements in r elation to those of their larger environments.In the experiment, research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like “running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note”, senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.Scientists found that their auditory cortex (听觉皮层) – the area of the brain that processes sound – became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it.“ It’s almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter(过滤) out the sound of their own movements.” David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science高三英语第12页共19页at New York University, told HuffPost.But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the “sensory filter” in a mouse’s brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds.“For mice, this is really important,” said Schneider. “They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they’re walking and making noise.Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument."When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we are going to hear – such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano –and we compare this to what we actually hear, "explains Schneider. “We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play – and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors.”63. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB. They are able to detect sounds other animals don’t notice.C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.64. What’s the function of the sensory filter?A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.65. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played?高三英语第13页共19页A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.高三英语第14页共19页Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000participants.________67________.The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent."__________68____________.Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.___________69___________. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.___________70___________. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the高三英语第15页共19页passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologi st at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Po pular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.高三英语第16页共19页72.无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利。
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2018年杨浦高级中学高一摸底考英语试卷I. Grammar and Vocabulary (40%)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked, B, C and D Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Many of his friends are very______people and I am already_______with them.A, boring , bored B bored, boring C boring, boring D bored , bored答案选D。
bored感到无聊的，修饰人，boring无聊的，修饰物或事2. Computers can be_______assistance in many aspects of project planning and control.A. atB.onC. ofD. in答案选C，of加名词相当于形容词，of assistance相当于assistant,有帮助的3.He is considering_______her father if she keeps behaving badly in class.A. to contact withB contacting withC contactingD. to contact答案选C,consider doing sth.4.I don't think the young man______his ideas clearly at yesterday's meeting.A communicated B. concentrated C. confused D managed答案选A,传达，B,集中注意力，C，使混淆，D，管理5.Rather than _______everything to the last minute,he always prefers_________early.A.leave ,startingB.to leave,to startC.leaving.,to startD.leave,to start答案选D，考察prefer to do rather than do sth.6. If you tell your father what you have done, he will be______angry.A. very muchB.more thanC. less thanD a lot of答案选B,more than表示程度，更加7. It is said that the young job applicant was rejected by the interviewer just______eye contact.A. for lack ofB because of lackC. for lacking forD. because his lack of答案选A,固定搭配，因为缺乏8.The shy little girl hid herself behind her mother to avoid_______.A. staringB. staringC being staredD. being stared at答案选D，avoid doing sth.避免做某事，此处要用被动，避免被凝视，stare at固定搭配，凝视9. The way____you say something is far more important than the thing you say.A.in that B which C that D where答案选C，考察定语从句the way做先行词，关系词只能用that或in which或不填10. In many Asian cultures, avoiding eye contact________respect.A. gesturesB.signalsC.remindsD. assists答案选B,动词词义辨析signal表示，标志，用信号表示11. In ancient China, the Moon Day was________a harvest festival since fruits,vegetables and grain had been collected from the fields.A looked uponB thought ofC regardedD considered答案选D，be considered被认为，被视为。
其他选项若表达此意需要和as搭配使用12. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_______advertisement showing happy families.A. are often seeingB.have often seenC. will often seeD. often see答案选C,祈使句和and 连用，后面用一般将来时13. Last year Sara_______a book about China's economy and I’m wondering whether she______.A wrote, completedB. was writing, has completedC wrote, has completedD was writing, completed答案选B,last year 一般过去时标志，现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响，我想知道她是否已经完成。
14. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.I am tired. I________the living room all day.A paintedB. had paintedC have been paintedD have been painting答案选D，现在完成进行时，根据all day,表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能继续延续下去。
I5 He_____football regularly for many years when he was young.A was playingB has playedC. playedD had played答案选D,过去完成时，发生在过去的过去16. The news of the construction of the new buildings______now.A is being talked aboutB. are being talked aboutC is being talkedD are being talked答案选A，根据now考察现在进行时，主语是news不可数，talk about 固定搭配，所以答案选A。
17. I must return the money I borrowed from him as he______me of what I owe（欠）him．A is always remindingB was always remindingC always remindsD has always reminded答案选A,现在进行时与频度副词连用表达某种感情色彩18. When she graduates from the college this summer, she______here for four years.A will studyB, will be studyingC will have studiedD. studies答案选C，when 引导时间状语从句，主将从现，又因为for和一段时间连用要用将来时，所以此题应用将来完成时19. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time thatsomeone_____me that evening.A to have interruptedB would have interruptedC had interruptedD has interrupted答案选C,句中出现次数，是完成时的标志，因为was是过去时，所以应用过去完成时20.I________along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_______.A was going, had occurredB. went, occurredC. went, was occurringD was going, occurred答案选D,when主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时21. -You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?-I’m sorry I___anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you.A. wasn't sayingB. don’t sayC. won't sayD. didn't say答案选D，此处指过去不能抢先说，sooner抢先的意思22. -I know Mr Brown: we________to each other.A. are introducedB had been introducedC would be introducedD have been introduced答案选D，现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响。
我们直到彼此，因为我们彼此已经介绍过了。
23. The plane_____at 7: 00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6: 40 at the latest.A has leftB would leaveC. leftD. leave答案选D,考察一般现在时表示将来，用于列车具体在何时到站、离开。
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank (7%)Vaccinations（接种疫苗）For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, smallpox (24) (be) responsible for the deaths of about one in ten people round the worldA British doctor named Edward Jenner studied cowpox, a similar but much less deadly disease (25) his studies, he came to believe that, by injecting people with cowpox, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. His theory (26) (prove) to be right. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and (27) of them got the disease.News of Jenner's success soon spread. In 1800, the Royal Vaccine Institution was founded in Berlin, Germany. In the following year, Napoleon opened a similar institute in Paris, France. Vaccination soon became (28) (common) method to protect people against diseases such as rabies.It was nearly two centuries before Jenner’s dream of completely eliminating (清除) smallpox (29) (achieve) In 1967. the world Health Organization started an ambitious vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. Many new diseases are being discovered. Therefore, the challenge for medical researchers (30) (continue) for several more centuries.【答案】24. had been25. Through26. proved27. none28. the most common29. has achieved30. will continue【解析】24. 本题考查过去完成时。