软件工程复习资料浓缩版

Product specificationGeneric productsThe specification of what the software should do is owned by the software developer and decisions on software change are made by the developer.Customized productsThe specification of what the software should do is owned by the customer for the software and they make decisions on software changes that are required.产品规格仿制产品规范的软件应该做的是由软件开发人员和软件变更是由开发人员决定。

定制化产品规范的软件应该做的是属于客户的软件,他们决定改变是必需的。

What is software?Computer programs，associated documentation and data.软件是什么?计算机程序、相关文档和数据。

What are the attributes of good software?（随意其中4点就行）Maintainability Dependability Functionality usable security Efficiency Acceptability好的软件的属性是什么?可维护性可靠性功能可用的安全效率可接受性What is software engineering?（定义）Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production from the early stages of system specification through to maintaining the system after it has gone into use.软件工程是什么?软件工程是一个工程学科,涉及软件生产的所有方面的早期阶段,系统规范通过维护系统后,已经投入使用。

What are the fundamental software engineering activities?Software specificationsoftware developmentsoftware validationsoftware evolution软件工程的基本活动是什么?软件规范软件开发软件验证软件演化What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals; software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software什么是软件工程和计算机科学之间的区别吗?计算机科学侧重于理论和基础;软件工程涉及开发和交付有用软件的实用性What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer-based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. Software engineering is part of this more general process软件工程和系统工程的区别是什么?系统工程涉及计算机系统开发的各个方面,包括硬件、软件和过程工程。

软件工程是更一般的过程的一部分What are the best software engineering techniques and methods?While all software projects have to be professionally managed and developed, different techniques are appropriate for different types of system. You can’t, therefore, say that one method is better than another最好的软件工程技术和方法是什么?尽管所有软件项目专业管理和开发,不同的技术适合不同类型的系统。

因此,你不能说一个方法比另一个好Importance of software engineeringMore and more, individuals and society rely on advanced software systems. We need to be able to produce reliable and trustworthy systems economically and quickly.It is usually cheaper, in the long run, to use software engineering methods and techniques for software systems rather than just write the programs as if it was a personal programming project. For most types of system, the majority of costs are the costs of changing the software after it has gone into use.软件工程的重要性越来越多的个人和社会依靠先进的软件系统。

我们需要能够生产可靠和值得信赖的系统经济和迅速。

它通常是更便宜,从长远来看,使用软件工程方法和技术为软件系统而不是编写程序,仿佛这是一个个人编程项目。

对于大多数类型的系统,大部分的成本改变软件的成本后,已经投入使用。

Ch4Functional and non-functional requirements的相关ppt，定义不需要考功能性和非功能性需求的相关ppt，定义不需要考Ch5System modeling✧the process of developing abstract models of a system, with each modelpresenting a different view or perspective of that system.✧represent a system using some kind of graphical notation✧helps the analyst to understand the functionality of the system and models areused to communicate with customers.系统建模发展的过程系统的抽象模型,每个模型提供一个不同的看法或观点的系统。

使用某种图形符号表示一个系统帮助分析师理解系统的功能和模型用于与客户沟通。

System perspectives includeAn external perspective, An interaction perspective, A structural perspective,A behavioral perspective.系统的观点包括外部的角度来看,一个交互的角度来看,结构的角度来看,一个行为的观点。

UML diagram types includeActivity diagrams,Use case diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Class diagrams, State diagrams.UML图类型包括活动图、用例图、序列图、类图、状态图。

Context modelsContext models are used to illustrate the operational context of a system上下文模型上下文模型是用于说明系统的操作环境Process perspective✧Context models simply show the other systems in the environment, not howthe system being developed is used in that environment.✧Process models reveal how the system being developed is used in broaderbusiness processes.✧UML activity diagrams may be used to define business process models过程的角度上下文模型只显示了其他系统环境,不是正在开发的系统是如何在这种环境下使用。

流程模型揭示系统正在开发用于更广泛的业务流程。

UML活动图可以用来定义业务流程模型Interaction models✧helps to identify user requirements.✧highlights the communication problems that may arise.✧helps us understand if a proposed system structure is likely to deliver therequired system performance and dependability.✧Use case diagrams and sequence diagrams may be used for interactionmodeling交互模型有助于确定用户的需求。

强调了可能出现的沟通问题。

帮助我们理解如果提出系统结构可能会交付所需的系统性能和可靠性。

用例图和序列图可以用于交互建模Use case modeling✧Use cases were developed originally to support requirements elicitation andnow incorporated into the UML.✧Each use case represents a discrete task that involves external interaction witha system.✧Actors in a use case may be people or other systems.用例建模用例开发最初支持需求抽取和现在纳入UML。