碳纳米管的羧基化

Carbon-Nanotube-Templated and

Pseudorotaxane-Formation-Driven Gold Nanowire

Self-Assembly

Toby Sainsbury and Donald Fitzmaurice*

Department of Chemistry,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin4,Ireland Received December22,2003.Revised Manuscript Received March15,2004

A cation-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube is used to template the noncovalent self-assembly in solution of a gold nanowire from crown-modified gold nanoparticles.The driving force for self-assembly is formation of the surface-confined pseudorotaxane that results from the electron-poor cation threading the electron-rich crown.

Introduction

The demand for integrated circuits that will allow information to be processed at even faster speeds remains undiminished.This is despite the fact that the density of the wires and switches that comprise such circuits has doubled every eighteen months for nearly four decades,giving rise to Moore’s Law.1

It is clear that Moore’s Law will hold true until2012; it is not clear that it will hold true thereafter.2The responses of the relevant technological and scientific communities have been two-fold:first,to continue to develop existing fabrication and materials technologies; and second,to consider alternative fabrication and materials technologies.

When considering alternative fabrication technolo-gies,one is attracted to the self-assembly in solution and self-organization at a conventionally patterned silicon wafer substrate of nanoscale wires and switches.3 When considering alternative materials technologies, one is attracted to the use of the growing number of nanoscale condensed-phase and molecular building blocks that are becoming available.4

Specifically,one is attracted to the use of nanoscale condensed-phase and molecular building blocks to self-assemble in solution and self-organize at a patterned silicon wafer substrate metal nanowires.5

It was in this context that Fullam et al.previously reported the multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWNT) templated self-assembly of gold nanowires from gold nanoparticles.6Briefly,unmodified MWNTs added to a stable dispersion of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB)-modified gold nanoparticles templated the as-sembly in solution of gold nanowires comprised of discrete gold nanoparticles.It was suggested that the driving force for self-assembly was charge transfer from the conduction band states of the gold nanoparticle to theπ*states of the carbon nanotubes.7

It is noted that there has been a large number of subsequent reports describing the preparation of metal-and metal-oxide-coated carbon nanotubes.8It is also noted that there has been a large number of reports describing the chemical modification of carbon nano-tubes.Initially,these reports focused on the covalent introduction of carboxy groups at the surface of the carbon nanotubes.9Subsequently,these reports have focused on the covalent coupling of an increasingly wide range of functional molecules and biomolecules to the surface of carboxy-modified carbon nanotubes.10 Reported herein is the preparation of cation-modified (dibenzylammonium)MWNTs and crown-modified(di-benzo[24]crown-8)gold nanoparticles(Scheme1).It was expected that the above cation-modified MWNTs would

*To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail: donald.fitzmaurice@ucd.ie.

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10.1021/cm035368k CCC:$27.50©2004American Chemical Society

Published on Web05/01/2004