托福阅读四_插入句子题共30页文档
托福培训丨托福阅读句子插入题解题要点
托福培训丨托福阅读句子插入题解题要点朗阁托福培训中心孙亚楠句子插入题是托福阅读中的一道必考题型，题量不多，每篇文章中出现一道。
句子插入题是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应该加入1-2个段落中的四个黑方块的哪个部分，用鼠标点击所选的黑色方块即可。
做这类题目的关键首先是理解待插入的句子，寻找其中的衔接词，分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用，然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。
下面朗阁托福培训中心的专家将就句子插入题的解题步骤做出详细的说明。
解题步骤与解题要点阅读并分析待插入的句子，找出其中的线索词；从第一个小黑方块前一句开始读，逐一代入进行验证；插入句必须满足前后两条线索，先前再后。
（先用前线索再看后线索）从此步骤中可以看出掌握线索词是解答此题的关键，那么线索词都有哪些？主要有两大类，指代线索和逻辑线索。
1. 指代线索(1). 指代词(they, it, them)必然有所指代；指代词(this, these, their, other, another, such)后面若有名词短语，则向前寻找此名词短语或其同义改写。
例题1:Paragraph 4: Regularly flowing rivers and streams that originate within arid lands are known as "endogenous." These are generally fed by groundwater springs, and many issue from limestone massifs, such as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Basaltic rocks also support springs, notably at the Jabal Al-Arab on the Jordan-Syria border. ■Endogenous rivers often do not reach the sea but drain into inland basins, where the water evaporates or is lost in the ground.■Most desert streambeds are normally dry, but they occasionally receive large flows of water and sediment.■Paragraph 5: Deserts contain large amounts of groundwater when compared to the amounts they hold in surface stores such as lakes and rivers. ■But only a small fraction of groundwater enters the hydrological cycle—feeding the flows of streams, maintaining lake levels, and being recharged (or refilled) through surface flows and rainwater. (TPO 16 Water in the Desert)12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.These sudden floods provide important water supplies but can also be highly destructive.Where would the sentence best fit?解析：1. 分析黑体句，找到其中的线索词即为these sudden floods, 则要插入的方块前面必定要出现名词短语sudden floods或是其同义改写。
成都雷哥网托福之TOEFL十大题型之句子插入题
成都雷哥网托福之TOEFL十大题型之句子插入题Insert Text question，属于托福阅读十大题型中难度比较大的一种。
除了需要对全文有良好的把握之外，有一定读懂长难句的能力。
句子插入题顾名思义就是给一句新的句子，要求考生们把这个句子插入指定位置，文章中四个黑色方块的地方。
这些方块分布在句首或句末，四个方框有时都出现在一个段落里，有时分布在一段的末尾和下一段的开头。
句子插入题考察的具体是什么内容呢？类似于写作，当我们把2个句子写在一起的时候，这个两个句子不可能没有任何关系，那么当我们做题时，决定在某2个句子之间插入一个新句子，很可能是应为觉得他们连接关系不精密，反之，当我们拒绝在某2个句子中插入第3个句子时，即认为这2个句子间的联系非常紧密，不需要再补充。
换言之，句子插入题需要我们判断句子与句子间的逻辑关系，插入的句子后必须和前后句子在逻辑关系上保持一致。
所以我们只要熟悉各种句子衔接手段，我们就能立即判断出来句子所插入的相应位置。
以下，我们将对考试中经常出现的几种衔接手段进行详细分析。
1.词指代同义替换1.Earth's internal heat,fueled by radioactivity,provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift,mountain building,and earthquakes.It can also be harnessed to drive electric generators and heat homes.Geothermal energy becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks(a heat reservoir)that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep.■The water is usually naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically,the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface.■The water is brought to the surface,as a liquid or steam,throughholes drilled for the purpose.■By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of80°to180°centigrade.■Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential,commercial,and industrial spaces.More than20,000apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin.Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Reykjavik,the capital of Iceland,is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.In either case,the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea--level boiling point of100°centigrade.找到过渡词either case，两种情况中的任何一种，当作者仍在谈论同一主题时，句子在意义上关系密切，一般会重复使用前面句子提到的同一个词(通常是名词)，或者使用代词替代，新句子说到两种情况中的任何一种，拿在本句之前的句子应该已经出现了两种情况。
托福阅读备考之句子插入题答题技巧
托福阅读备考之句子插入题答题技巧今日我们学习句子插入题答题技巧吧，我们一起来看看，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读备考之句子插入题答题技巧句子插入问题许多同学会花很长时间在这个话题上，或者花太多时间。
主要缘由是每个人都没有想出这个主题背后的核心测试点。
假如每个人都关注的是使用这句话的意思来推断应当消失在原始段落中的正确位置，那么将会有一半的状况。
接下来，让我们争论解决此类问题的重要思想。
在分析解决问题的思想之前，首先要明确的是，本课题着重于同学对句子与句子之间规律关系的把握和推断。
所以这提示我们的同学，除了留意这句话的意思之外，我们还试图推断这句话与其前后句子之间的规律关系，以关心每个人确定正确的位置。
然后，在我们的句子插入问题中，将在测试中测试什么规律关系，这里是对其中一个的简洁分析。
参考规律在我们的插入问题中，我们常常会遇到这种类型的句子。
在句子的前半部分，将消失代词+名词结构。
这意味着在前一句中提到代词后面的名词。
而且，我们所能做的就是回到最初的段落来找到该术语中消失的句子。
但是，这里需要强调的是，在原始段落中很难找到术语本身，由于一般来说，插入句子中代词之后的名词不会复制原始词，但会使用更一般性。
名词或同义词，所以我们在原始文本中查找的是名词的特定内容。
找到包含这样一个词汇表的句子，那么你最初可以假设我们的插入应当放在它之后。
我们可以看一下典型参考规律的以下示例。
The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils. Smith was able to put all the strata of Englands earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere.It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.依据我们前面的分析我们在这句插入句中找到了两个代词后的名词，这意味着在这句话前面已经提到过了一些地质学家的发觉，而且我们需要留意的是这两个名词都是复数。
托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读
托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读（实用版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文，如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析 ,句子插入题核心技巧解读。
托福TPO4阅读文本及题目答案Part3整理
托福TPO4阅读文本及题目答案Part3整理托福TPO是我们托福阅读的重要参考资料，为了便利大家备考，下面我给大家整理了托福TPO4阅读文本及题目答案Part3，盼望大家喜爱。
托福TPO4阅读真题原文Part3Petroleum ResourcesPetroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.Continued sedimentation-the process of deposits settling on the sea bottom-buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections ofdrilling pipe. Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out. At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and various oils. Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the oceans continental shelves-those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of the worlds oil and almost one-fifth of the worlds natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered. It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling. Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface. The rest is far too difficult to extract and has to remain underground.Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.Paragraph 1: Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulatein marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygenin the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.托福TPO4阅读真题题目Part31.The word accumulate in the passage is closest in meaning to○grow up○build up○spread out○break apart2.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about petroleum formation?○Microscopic organisms that live in mud produce crude oil and natural gas.○Large amounts of oxygen are needed for petroleum formation to begin.○Petroleum is produced when organic material in sediments combines with decaying marine organisms.○Petroleum formation appears to begin in marine sediments where organic matter is present.Paragraph 1: Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.Paragraph 2: Continued sedimentation-the process of deposits settling on the sea bottom-buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandylayers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.3.In paragraphs 1 and 2, the authors primary purpose is to○describe how petroleum is formed○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas4.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.○Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.○Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.○The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum once they are buried under mud.Paragraph 3: Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe. Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out. At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and various oils. Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.5.The word adjacent in the passage is closest in meaning to○nearby○existing○special○deep6.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about gushers?○They make bringing the oil to the surface easier.○They signal the presence of huge oil reserves.○They waste more oil than they collect.○They are unlikely to occur nowadays.Paragraph 4: As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the oceans continental shelves-those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of the worlds oil and almost one-fifth of the worlds natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.7.Which of the following strategies for oil exploration is described in paragraph 4?○Drilling under the oceans surface○Limiting drilling to accessible locations○Using highly sophisticated drilling equipment○Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms8.What does the development of the Alaskan oil field mentioned inparagraph 4 demonstrate?○More oil is extracted from the sea than from land.○Drilling for oil requires major financial investments.○The global demand for oil has increased over the years.○The North Slope of Alaska has substantial amounts of oil.9.The word sloping in the passage is closest in meaning to○shifting○inclining○forming○rollingParagraph 5: Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered. It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling. Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface. The rest is far too difficult to extract and has to remain underground.10.According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT○permission to access the area where oil has been found○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site○the political situation in the region where drilling would occurParagraph 6: Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from hugeoil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.11.The word foul in the passage is closest in meaning to○reach○flood○pollute○alter12.In paragraph 6, the authors primary purpose is to○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spillsParagraph 2: Continued sedimentation-the process of deposits settling on the sea bottom-buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. █As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. █Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. █Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment. █13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Unless something acts to halt this migration, these natural resources will eventually reach the surface.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Petroleum is a broad term that includes both crude oil and natural gas.●●●Answer choices○Petroleum formation is the result of biological as well as chemical activity.○The difficulty of finding adequate sources of oil on land has resulted in a greater number of offshore drilling sites.○Petroleum extraction can have a negative impact on the environment.○Petroleum tends to rise to the surface, since it is lower in density than water.○Current methods of petroleum extraction enable oil producers to recover about half of the worlds petroleum reserves.○Accidents involving oil tankers occur when tankers run into shore reefs or collide with other vessels托福TPO4阅读真题题目答案Part3参考答案：1. ○22. ○43. ○14. ○35. ○16. ○47. ○18. ○29. ○210. ○411. ○312. ○113. ○414. Petroleum formation is the…The difficulty of finding…Petroleum extraction can…托福TPO4阅读真题翻译Part3参考翻译：石油资源石油是由原油和自然气组成，好像都源自于海洋的有机物沉淀。
托福阅读句子插入题实例解析
托福阅读句子插入题实例解析为了帮助大家备考托福。
提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读句子插入题实例剖析，希望大家喜欢。
托福阅读句子插入题实例剖析每篇阅读文章的倒数第二题为句子插入题。
此题给出一个额外的句子，并且在原文的几个句子间给出四个方块，每个方块分别代表前后两个句子之间的空位。
我们需将这个句子放入其中的某一个位置，作为最佳答案。
这种题长这样：怎么做插入句子题?题目给出的句子(后文直接称之为“插入句”)能被放入其中一个位置的原因，就是这个句子与正确位置的前后文存在着某种语义上的联系。
在阅读原文之前，若能根据一些信息词找出这种联系，并且推测前后文的信息，则我们在找答案的时候就会更准确。
做插入句子题时的步骤应该是酱紫的：1)仔细阅读插入句，准确理解句意2)根据句内信息词，推断插入位置前或后可能出现的内容3)寻找复合推测的位置4)将句子放入，讲插入句及前后两句话连起来通读一遍，检验是否流畅逻辑严谨、语意流畅信息词是啥?如何根据这类词推测?插入句子题中出现的信息词分两类：1. 代词;2. 逻辑词1)指代词这里的指代词指的是：1. 代词;2. 定冠词the+名词所组成词。
代词(Pronoun)是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。
the+名词的结构，在文中有时会起指代前文的作用。
大部分出现指代词的插入句子题非常简单。
当题目的句子中出现指代词，插入位置前面必然会提到其指代的内容。
这个时候，若我们能根据代词的种类、指代词的词义和插入句的句意推断出指代的具体内容，那么只需要将插入句放入出现该内容的句子之后的位置，即可满足指代关系，得到答案# 情况1如果四个位置中，只有一个位置前面出现句中指代词的指代对象，则这个位置就是我们的正确答案。
例题如下：句中出现代词“this massive population”，这巨大的群体数量来自于“twelve pairs of imported rabbits”，则插入位置前面必然提到巨大的兔群数量。
托福阅读句子插入题解题技巧
托福阅读中句子插入题的解题技巧在托福阅读考试中，同学们会遇到句子插入题。
那么本文就来探讨一下句子插入题的解题技巧供大家参考。
在做题的时候，我们需要先读句子插入题中出现的句子，再看原文。
这样做的好处是比较省时间，可以较快的找到被插入句子的主语。
而且重点把握该句的动词和名词，从而为读原文做好准备。
举个例子，比如TPO34中Passage 3 Protection of Plants by Insects里的第13题：Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae.Where does the sentence best fit?通过这句话，我们可以发现they是该句的主语，动词capture是谓语，而insects 是句子中的宾语，那么抓住这个句子的主干再去做题，就明确了回原文阅读的目的了。
下面我们来看原文：Ants are probably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants.[A] Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit this need by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy.[B]To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar.[C]Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of the plants.[D]此时我们需要注意的，将句子插入原文后，插入后的句子不能改变原文间的内在逻辑关系。
托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2
托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2，望喜欢！托福TPO4阅读真题原文：Part2Cave Art in EuropeThe earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of ahuman image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period thatfollowed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.Paragraph 1: The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show amarked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe asmuch as 60,000 years ago.托福TPO4阅读题目：Part21.The word "marked" in the passage is closest in meaning to○considerable○surprising○limited○adequate2.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about painting in Europe?○It is much older than painting in Australia.○It is as much as 28,000 years old.○It is not as old as painting in southern Africa.○It is much more than 30,000 years old.Paragraph 2: The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principallocations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.3.The word "principal" in the passage is closest in meaning to○major○likely○well p rotected○distinct4.According to paragraph 2, what makes some researchers think that certain cave paintings were connected with magical-religious activities?○The paintings were located where many people could easilysee them, allowing groups of people to participate in the magical-religious activities.○Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use paintings of animals in their magical-religious rituals.○Evidence of magical-religious activities has been found in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves.○The paintings were found in hard-to-reach places away from the inhabited parts of the cave.Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.5.The word "trappings" in the passage is closest in meaning to○conditions○problems○influences○decorations6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.○Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.○If Up per Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.○Although many contemporary peoples believe that th e drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.7.According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting8.Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have "reached a peak toward the end of the UpperPaleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing"?○To argue that Upper Paleo lithic art ceased to include animals when herds of game became scarce○To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of animals for hunting○To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper Paleolithic period○To show the direct connection between the decrease in herds of game and the end of the Upper Paleolithic period Paragraph 4: The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals(because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.9.According to paragraph 4, scholars believe that wild cattle, horses, and mammoths are the animals most frequently portrayed in cave paintings for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:○These animals were difficult to hunt because their unpredictable behavior.○People preferred these animals for their meat and for their skins.○The painters admired the beauty of these large animals.○People feared these animals because of their size and speed.10.According to paragraph 4, which of the following may best represent the attitude of hunters toward deer and reindeer in the Upper Paleolithic period?○Hunters did not fear deer and reindeers as much as they did large game animals such as horses and mammoths.○Hunters were not interested in hunting deer and reind eer because of their size and speed.○Hunters preferred the meat and hides of deer and reindeer to those of other animals.○Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons, such as horns.11.According to paragraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the Upper Paleolithic?○This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.○This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtained their food.○This new art no longer consists mostly of repre sentations ofanimals.○This new art begins to show the importance of hunting to the economy.Paragraph 5: Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following has been used as evidence to suggest that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and conscious awareness of their environment?○They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects.○They may have used engraved signs to record the phases of the Moon.○Their figurines represented the human female in exaggerated form.○They may have used figurines to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertility.Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals.The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. █This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. █But if imp roving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. █Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing. █13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Therefore, if the paintings were connected with hunting, some other explanation is needed.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that explain the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Upper Paleolithic cave paintings in Western Europe are among humanity's earliest artistic efforts.● ●●Answer choices○Researchers have proposed several different explanations for the fact that animals were the most common subjects in the cave paintings.○The art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic ceased to portray large game animals and focused instead on the kinds of animals that people of that period preferred to hunt.○Some researchers believe that the paintings found in France provide more explicit evidence of their symbolic significance than those found in Spain, southern Africa, and Australia.○The cave paintings focus on portraying animals without also depicting the natural environments in which these animals are typically found.○Some researchers have argued that the cave paintings mostly portrayed large animals that provided Upper Paleolithic people with meat and materials.○Besides cave paintings, Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds of artwork, one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought托福TPO4阅读题目答案：Part2参考答案：1. ○12. ○23. ○14. ○45. ○46. ○37. ○48.○29. ○310. ○111. ○312. ○213. ○314. Researchers have proposed…Some researchers believe…Besides cave paintings…托福TPO4阅读题目翻译：Part2参考翻译：欧洲的岩洞艺术迄今为止，发现的最早的并且有迹可寻的工艺品是珠链和雕刻，然后还有绘画，人类在旧石器时代晚期的遗址上发现了它们。
托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2
托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2，望喜欢！托福TPO4阅读真题原文：Part2Cave Art in EuropeThe earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of ahuman image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period thatfollowed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.Paragraph 1: The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show amarked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe asmuch as 60,000 years ago.托福TPO4阅读题目：Part21.The word "marked" in the passage is closest in meaning to○considerable○surprising○limited○adequate2.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about painting in Europe?○It is much older than painting in Australia.○It is as much as 28,000 years old.○It is not as old as painting in southern Africa.○It is much more than 30,000 years old.Paragraph 2: The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principallocations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.3.The word "principal" in the passage is closest in meaning to○major○likely○well p rotected○distinct4.According to paragraph 2, what makes some researchers think that certain cave paintings were connected with magical-religious activities?○The paintings were located where many people could easilysee them, allowing groups of people to participate in the magical-religious activities.○Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use paintings of animals in their magical-religious rituals.○Evidence of magical-religious activities has been found in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves.○The paintings were found in hard-to-reach places away from the inhabited parts of the cave.Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.5.The word "trappings" in the passage is closest in meaning to○conditions○problems○influences○decorations6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.○Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.○If Up per Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.○Although many contemporary peoples believe that th e drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.7.According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting8.Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have "reached a peak toward the end of the UpperPaleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing"?○To argue that Upper Paleo lithic art ceased to include animals when herds of game became scarce○To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of animals for hunting○To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper Paleolithic period○To show the direct connection between the decrease in herds of game and the end of the Upper Paleolithic period Paragraph 4: The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals(because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.9.According to paragraph 4, scholars believe that wild cattle, horses, and mammoths are the animals most frequently portrayed in cave paintings for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:○These animals were difficult to hunt because their unpredictable behavior.○People preferred these animals for their meat and for their skins.○The painters admired the beauty of these large animals.○People feared these animals because of their size and speed.10.According to paragraph 4, which of the following may best represent the attitude of hunters toward deer and reindeer in the Upper Paleolithic period?○Hunters did not fear deer and reindeers as much as they did large game animals such as horses and mammoths.○Hunters were not interested in hunting deer and reind eer because of their size and speed.○Hunters preferred the meat and hides of deer and reindeer to those of other animals.○Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons, such as horns.11.According to paragraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the Upper Paleolithic?○This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.○This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtained their food.○This new art no longer consists mostly of repre sentations ofanimals.○This new art begins to show the importance of hunting to the economy.Paragraph 5: Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following has been used as evidence to suggest that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and conscious awareness of their environment?○They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects.○They may have used engraved signs to record the phases of the Moon.○Their figurines represented the human female in exaggerated form.○They may have used figurines to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertility.Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals.The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. █This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. █But if imp roving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. █Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing. █13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Therefore, if the paintings were connected with hunting, some other explanation is needed.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that explain the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Upper Paleolithic cave paintings in Western Europe are among humanity's earliest artistic efforts.● ●●Answer choices○Researchers have proposed several different explanations for the fact that animals were the most common subjects in the cave paintings.○The art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic ceased to portray large game animals and focused instead on the kinds of animals that people of that period preferred to hunt.○Some researchers believe that the paintings found in France provide more explicit evidence of their symbolic significance than those found in Spain, southern Africa, and Australia.○The cave paintings focus on portraying animals without also depicting the natural environments in which these animals are typically found.○Some researchers have argued that the cave paintings mostly portrayed large animals that provided Upper Paleolithic people with meat and materials.○Besides cave paintings, Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds of artwork, one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought托福TPO4阅读题目答案：Part2参考答案：1. ○12. ○23. ○14. ○45. ○46. ○37. ○48.○29. ○310. ○111. ○312. ○213. ○314. Researchers have proposed…Some researchers believe…Besides cave paintings…托福TPO4阅读题目翻译：Part2参考翻译：欧洲的岩洞艺术迄今为止，发现的最早的并且有迹可寻的工艺品是珠链和雕刻，然后还有绘画，人类在旧石器时代晚期的遗址上发现了它们。
托福阅读句子插入题解题技巧
托福阅读句子插入题解题技巧托福阅读考试中有10大类题型，针对这个题型的多样性，考生在备考托福阅读考试的时候就要对每一种题型进行总结。
这里小编为大家整理了托福阅读句子插入题的解题方法，希望对大家轻松应对托福阅读考试。
这里有8个解题步骤，大家一起来学习一下吧。
托福阅读句子插入题解题策略1、如果是段落之前的空，那么错误率高达百分之九十九，因为每个段的第一句往往是段落的中心句，如果把第一句内容改变了，同样也是改变了整个句子甚至段落的意思。
但两段式的插入句子。
第二个段落前面或者第一个段落后面的空格往往最容易是正确的。
2、空格后面出现代词"this, these, that, those, he, she,they, it, such, each, other, one, another, both, each,anybody, none, some, any"等，一般都是错的，因为代词不能跨距，如果在代词的前面加入了一句话，那么就会改变代词的指代对象。
但也并不绝对，如果概念只有一个主语，其他格局出现连续指代前句，就无法排除后又代词的选项，这就是例外情况。
3、被插入的句子中如果存在指代关系，如"this, these, that, those, he, she, they, it, such, each, other, one,another, both, each, anybody, none, some, any"等，建议不选择整段最前面的空格，主要是因为插入句本身无足轻重的地位，一般不会考察段落之间的承接关系。
但要明确一点，两段式插入句子除外。
4、正确的答案优先考虑段落最后的空，并不是最后一个空格，而是空格在段落的最后。
因为是放在段尾的，本身对文章没有过多的印象，所以优先考虑。
5、如果空格后出现时间点，而句子又不是在强调某件事，所以一般不建议选择，时间一般和前句所发生的时间衔接较为紧密，不可拆分。
托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析插入题如何做的又快又对
托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析插入题如何做的又快又对（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析插入题如何做的又快又对托福阅读插入题，也叫托福阅读句子插入题，出题位置为每篇阅读的倒数第二题。
toefl阅读句子插入题
toefl阅读句子插入题托福阅读部分中的句子插入题相对于词汇题、句子简化题、事实信息题，它在每篇文章都会出现一道题，而且位置是固定的，一定在最后一题内容小结题之前的倒数第二题，如此一来若是答错了也不影响考生对文章的理解和做题。
那么如何应对该类考题呢?店铺接下来就跟大家分享toefl阅读句子插入题的解法。
既然这句插入的话对文章本身是没有影响的，那么插入的句子插在某段段首的几率大么?答案明显是否定的。
原因呢?因为外国人的思维模式比较直截了当，不会像中国人那样藏着掖着，抛砖引玉或是画龙点睛。
所以往往在某段第一句的句子在该段都起着至关重要的角色：主题句，它会总结上文，而更多的情况是引领下文。
我们排除了一个答案：就是段首的位置，但是还有三个干扰选项啊句子插入题到底在考察什么呢?答案是：上下文的衔接。
插入的句子一定要和上下文衔接得当。
下面环球托福老师就带广大的托儿们了解句子插入题解题方法。
步骤一：先阅读要插入的句子。
步骤二：关注插入的句子主语部分，要在该插入句子之前得以重复。
以TPO4 Deer Population of the Puget Sound的句子插入题为例。
Paragraph 2-3: Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer'sdiet, where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants,the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrubor herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay anddormancy? Onecompensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall.Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed;also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder,and other arboreal fodder.The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeansinto Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundantdeer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack ofthis succulent game animal.Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence couldbe added to the passage.There food is available and accessible throughout the winter.Where would the sentence best fit?插入的句子主语部分出现两个单词there 和food, there是地点状语，说明插入的位置之前出现了地点和食物。
托福阅读四：插入句子题
10. pulverize: grind or smash (sth) to powder or dust
只需要找出待插入的句子跟前后某一句话的逻辑联系即可。
该题型重点考查英文句子间的逻辑语义关系， 即英文中句子与句子是如何衔接在一起的。
英语句子间的衔接手法(cohesive devices)
Cohesive devices
1. 代词(Pronouns) 具体包括人称代词、指示代词和关系代词等（personal, demonstrative, relative, etc）。
改变句意了
Suggestion 2 空后有代词they，it的，一般是不对的。（因为代词不能跨句，如果在代词前面加一句
话，就会改变代词的指代对象。但是有例外存在，比如一段中只有一个主语。）
Suggestion 3 优先考虑段落最后的空。（因为放在最末尾，对文章内容影响小。）
Example 1:
4 steps
Question：
在托福阅读中Biblioteka 为什么不论插入题出现在文章的那 个位置，这种题都位于总结题之前,存在于倒数第 二题的位置呢?
ETS是一个很人性化的机构, 如果这类题出现在前几道题的位置, 选 错了会对文章的理解造成影响, 影响做其它题。
插入的句子对文章本身的影响有多大？和几句话相关？如果和前后两句 话都相关,是不是把它拿掉了, 就会对文章有较大的影响？
3. arid: (of land or climate) having little or no rainfall; dry
托福句子插入题
托福句子插入题1. 托福句子插入题，这不就是在文字迷宫里找线索嘛！就像你在一堆拼图碎片里，非要找出那关键的一块才能拼出完整的画面。
比如说，给你一段讲历史的文章，“古代的贸易路线非常重要，它们连接了不同的大陆。
（）丝绸、香料等珍贵物品通过这些路线流通。
” 你就得想想，这空里该插个啥句子，才能让文章顺溜起来！2. 托福句子插入题，简直是在考验我们的文字敏感度！这不就跟在茫茫人海中一下子认出你的老友一样难嘛？好比这段：“音乐有着神奇的力量，它能触动人们的心灵。
（）很多人在疲惫时都会选择听音乐来放松。
” 到底哪个句子能恰到好处地插进这里？3. 托福句子插入题，那可是文字游戏中的大挑战！就好像让你在混乱的书架上准确找到那本你急需的书。
像这样：“科学研究需要大量的时间和精力，成果也并非一蹴而就。
（）一个新的发现往往要经过多次实验和验证。
” 你能猜到该插啥句子吗？4. 托福句子插入题，这不就是在打乱的文字积木里搭建城堡嘛！难道不比在黑暗中摸索开关还难？比如：“绘画是一种视觉艺术，能够展现出作者的内心世界。
（）不同的绘画风格反映了不同的文化和时代背景。
” 哪个句子能完美嵌入？5. 托福句子插入题，这简直是在文字的海洋里捞针啊！难道不像在一堆乱麻中找出那根关键的线头？就像：“旅行能让人开阔眼界，增长见识。
（）你可以体验不同的风俗和文化。
” 你能找到合适的句子插进去吗？6. 托福句子插入题，这可真是对我们文字驾驭能力的大考！不就跟在错综复杂的迷宫里找出口一样让人头疼？比如说：“电影是一种强大的艺术形式，它能够引发观众的情感共鸣。
（）很多经典的电影至今仍被人们津津乐道。
” 你能猜到该插什么句子吗？7. 托福句子插入题，这简直是在文字的丛林里探险！难道不比在沙漠里找水源还费劲？比如这段：“阅读是获取知识的重要途径，它能丰富我们的思想。
（）各种类型的书籍为我们打开了不同的世界。
” 你知道该插哪个句子吗？8. 托福句子插入题，这可不就是在文字的棋局里布局吗！难道不像在浓雾中辨别方向那么难？就像：“运动有益于身心健康，能增强体质和免疫力。
托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧汇总讲解
托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧汇总讲解（实用版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文，如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧汇总讲解托福阅读中难度方面颇有争议的题型是句子插入题，会做插入题的同学觉得这个题型看似复杂其实就是送分题，今天本店铺给大家带来了托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧,希望可以帮助到大家，下面本店铺就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题集锦（四）
托福阅读真题集锦（四）托福阅读真题集锦（四）PASSAGE 7As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland.Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairsand auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Exportmerchants became differentiated from their importingcounterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business,after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle,but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened inPhiladelphia because(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets(B) the High Street Market was forced to close(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. The word "hinterland " in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) tradition(B) association(C) produce(D) region4. The word "it" in line 6 refers to(A) the crowded city(B) a radius(C) the High Street Market(D) the period5. The word "persisted" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) returned(B) started(C) declined(D) continued6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held(A) on the same day as market says(B) as often as possible(C) a couple of times a year(D) whenever the government allowed it7. It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they7. It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia(D) could easily be transported8. The word "eradicate" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) eliminate(B) exploit(C) organize(D) operate9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that "economic development was on the merchants' side "?(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.10. The word "undergoing" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) requesting(B) experiencing(C) repeating(D) includingPASSAGE 8The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulent environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly. Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may fluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy for insects,flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are surpassed, in the competition for food, by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight of a gibbon (a small ape)hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down so that fruit-bearing foliage drops toward the gibbon's face. Walking or leapingspecies of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping off and retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail and plucking food with their hands.Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that typify the high canopy.A macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard, even bouncing on a climb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the relatively large surface area of its body. Finally, for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds, an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic, since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.1. The passage answers which of the following questions?(A) How is the rain forest different from other habitats?(B) How does an animal's body size influence an animal's need for food?(C) Why does the rain forest provide an unusual variety of food foranimals?(D) Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?2. Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?(A) Monkeys(B) Cats(C) Porcupines3. The word "they" in line 4 refers to(A) trees(B) climbing mammals of moderately large size(C) smaller species(D) high tropical canopies4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest?(A) They have body shapes that are adapted to live in the canopy.(B) They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments.(C) They have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy.(D) They use the trees of the canopy for shelter from heat and cold.5. In discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that(A) small animals require proportionately more food than larger animals do(B) a large animal's size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopy(C) small animals are often attacked by large animals in the rain forest(D) small animals and large animals are equally adept at obtaining food in the canopy6. The word "typify" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) resemble(B) protect(C) characterize7. According to paragraph 4, what makes jumping from one tree crown to another difficult for small mammals?(A) Air friction against the body surface(B) The thickness of the branches(C) The dense leaves of the tree crown(D) The inability to use the front feet as hands8. The word "supplement" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) control(B) replace(C) look for(D) add to9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) canopy (line 1)(B) warm blooded (line 5)(C) terminal leaves (line 13)(D) springboard (line 21)答案： PASSAGE 7 BCDCD CBABBPASSAGE 8 DDCCB CADA。