成都电子科技大学 汉语写作与百科知识 2015-2016年硕士研究生考研真题
621英语水平测试-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。
桂林电子科技大学448汉语写作与百科知识(2015年-B)考研真题
桂林电子科技大学2015年研究生统一入学考试试题科目代码：448 科目名称：汉语写作与百科知识请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）。
第一部分：百科知识（一）选择题（每小题1分，满分10分）1. 孔子说：“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。
”这里的__________是指礼、乐、射、御、书、数。
A.“道”B.“仁”C.“志”D.“艺”2.“水善万物而不争”是__________的哲学思想。
A.老子B.孔子C.子渊D.子有3.《老子》又称__________，只有五千多个汉字，共81章。
虽然简短，但它在中国文化发展史上却发挥了重大作用，其思想直接影响了中国人的民族特性、思想倾向和审美情趣。
A.《中庸》B.《易传》C.《黄帝内经》D.《道德经》4.《周易》学说的核心是“阴阳”；《周易》中的“易”，是__________的意思。
A.无为B.违反C.变化D.和谐5. 孙子倡导的“以迂为直，以患为利”、“后人发，先人至”、“投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生”等战略，都是运用__________的辩证思维。
A.因势利导B.对立因素互相转化C.以柔克刚D.示弱备战6. 观察“打、捏、投”或“跑、跳、踢”等可见，汉字是一种__________。
A. 意符突显性文字B. 音符突显性文字C. 象形文字D. 自源文字7. 下面是有关汉语的描述，其中正确的一项是：__________。
A. 汉语是主题突出性语言B. 汉语是主语突出性语言C. 汉语是形态突出性语言D. 汉语是文字突出性语言8 由于大唐帝国在文化上的开放与包容，当时__________成了一个世界上最繁华的国际性大都会，来自世界各地的外交使节、商人、留学生齐聚此地。
A. 南阳B. 北京C. 长安D. 南京9. 水墨画__________是北宋人基于唐代诗人王维的绘画风格而创造出来的一件传世佳作，作者运用黑色的水墨，居然创造了一个平淡悠远的白色世界。
受其影响，水墨画一度成为中国画的主要形式。
电子科技大学【2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题】241专业课真题
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D. Nous travaillerons vite avant que ce soit fini.
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8.L’art de réussir une fête 1. Envoyer un plan d’accès détaillé à chaque participant. 2. Donner du rythme à la soirée avec de la musique dès l’apéritif. 3. Organiser un jeu au moment du dessert. 4. Dresser une jolie table avec une belle nappe et des bougies. A. 4 – 2 – 3 – 1 B. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 C. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 D. 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
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2016年成都电子科技大学448汉语写作与百科知识考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
2016年成都电子科技大学448汉语写作与百科知识考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：448 汉语写作与百科知识注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
I．百科知识（50分，每小题2分）1. 全球气候变暖是世界各国所关注的问题，大气中能产生温室效应的气体已经发现近30种，造成温室效应最重要的气体是（）。
A. 二氧化碳B. 氟利昂C. 一氧化二氮D. 臭氧2. 开电扇使人体感到凉快的主要原因是（）。
A. 电扇有制冷作用B. 汗水在空气流通中迅速蒸发C. 空气流通后室内温度迅速降低D. 心理作用，其实并没有凉快多少3. 生命遗传的物质基础是（）。
Ａ. 细胞Ｂ. 蛋白质Ｃ. 核酸Ｄ. 细胞核4. 电是用途最广泛的能源之一，它属于（）。
Ａ.一次能源Ｂ.二次能源Ｃ.可再生能源Ｄ.不可再生能源5. 集成电路的主要原材料是（），它是世界上除氧以外最丰富的元素。
A. 磷B. 钾C. 氢D. 硅6.“蓝蓝的天空，飘着那白云；白云的下边，跑着那羊群．．．．．．”这段歌词中赞美的蓝天，其蓝色的形成是由于（）。
Ａ. 大气对太阳辐射的吸收作用Ｂ. 大气对太阳辐射的反射作用Ｃ. 大气对地面辐射的吸收作用Ｄ. 大气对地面辐射的反射作用7. 我国最早的一部诗歌总集《诗经》，收集的是我国历史上（）民间诗歌和祭祀歌词。
Ａ.夏至商朝Ｂ.商至周朝Ｃ.西周至春秋时期Ｄ.春秋时期8.“祸兮，福之所依，福兮，祸之所伏”，是我国先秦时期著名思想家（）的名言。
共4页第1页。
824理论力学-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题考试科目：824 理论力学注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、 填空题( 每空3分，共81分)1. 沿边长为m a 2=的正方形各边分别作用有1F ，2F ，3F ，4F ，且1F =2F =3F =4F =4kN ，该力系向B 点简化的结果为： 主矢大小为R F ¢=_____ ，主矩大小为B M =______向D 点简化的结果是什么？ _ ___DCABF 1F 2F 3F 4题1.1图2. 在点的合成运动问题中，当牵连运动为定轴转动时A 、一定会有科氏加速度；B 、不一定会有科氏加速度；C 、一定没有科氏加速度。
2015年翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题,通知类考研范文,辅导培训
翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析通知2.7.1文体简介1.通知的概念通知是上级机关用来批转下级机关的公文、转发上级机关和不相隶属机关的公文，发布规章，向下级机关和有关单位传达需要周知或者共同执行的事项以及任免和聘用干部的一种公文。
通知具有广泛性、周知性、时滞性。
2.通知的结构(1)标题通常有三种形式，一种是由发文机关名称、亊由和文种构成；一种是由事由和文种构成；一种是由文种“通知”作标题。
⑵主送机关视通知内容而定，有些应具体写明受文单位名称，有些属普发性的则应写上规范化的统称。
1.正文由开头、主体和结尾三部分组成。
开头主要交代通知的缘由、根据；主体说明通知事项；结尾提出执行要求。
在写正文之前，要在标題之下、正文之上顶格写出被通知对象的名称，在名称后加冒号，或将名称以“抄送”形式写于最后一页的最下方。
正文除篇幅简短者外，多数用条款格式，要点应一目了然。
2.落款写明发文机关名称和发文时间。
如已在标题中写了机关名称和时间，这里可以省略不写。
. 3.通知的种类1.指示性通知用于直接发布行政法规和对下级某项工作的指示、要求。
带有强制性、指挥性和决策性。
2.批示性通知又称转发性通知。
领导机关用批转、转发的方式发布某些法规，要求下级贯彻执行。
批转下级机关送来的工作报告、建议、计划等，以及沟通情况，指导工作。
3.周知性通知多用于上级机关向下级机关宣布某些应知事项，不具有强制性。
⑷会议通知‘用于对上级或平级。
这种通知要求写得明确具体，交待清楚会议名称•、主持单位、会议内容、起止时间、参加人员、会议地点、报到地点、携带材料以及其他有关事宜。
如果这些事项交待不清，有所遗漏，就可能影响会议的如期召开和正常进行。
3.任免通知上级机关对任免的人员用通知的形式告知下级机关。
2.7.2考研真题与典型题【指示性通知】国务院关于加强城市供水节水和水污染防治工作的通知国发[2000]78号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：我国是水资源短缺的国家，城市缺水问题尤为突出。
2015年翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,说明书文体写作
翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析第2章应用文写作说明书2.4.1文体简介1.说明书的概念说明书，是以应用文体的方式对某事或物来进行相对的详细表述，使人认识、了解到某事或物。
说明书要实事求是，不可为达到某种目的而夸大产品的作用和性能。
说明书要全面地说明事物，不仅介绍其优点，同时还要清楚地说明应注意的事项和可能产生的问题。
产品说明书、使用说明书、安装说明书一般采用说明性文字，而戏剧演出类说明书则可以以记叙、抒情为主。
说明书可根据情况需要，使用图片、图表等多样的形式，以期达到最好的说明效果。
2.说明书的分类一般来讲，按所要说明的事物来分，说明书可以分为以下几种：产品说明书、使用说明书、安装说明书和戏剧演出说明书等。
（1）产品说明书产品说明书主要指关于那些S常生产、生活产品的说明书。
它主要是对某一产品的所有情况的介绍，诸如其组成材料、性能、存贮方式、注意事项、主要用途等情况的介绍。
这类说明书可以是有关生产消费品的，如电视机；也可以是有关生活消费品的，如食品、药品等。
（2）使用说明书使用说明书是向人们介绍具体的关于某产品的使用方法和步骤的说明书。
（3）安装说明书安装说明书主要介绍如何将一堆分散的产品零件安装成一个可以使用的完整产品。
我们知道，为了运输的方便，许多产品都是拆开分装的。
这样用户在购买到产品之后，需要将散装部件合理地安装在一起。
因此，产品的说明书就需要对如何组装进行具体翔实地说明。
例“CD-ROM 驱动器安装”。
（4）戏剧演出说明书这是一种比较散文化的说明书，它的主要目的在于介绍戏剧、影视的主要故事情节，同时向观众推荐该剧。
大型演出活动中对于演职员的介绍和节目的介绍等也是为了吸引更多的观众而采用的一种宣传式的文字说明。
3.说明书的作用（1）解释说明的作用解释说明是说明书的基本作用。
随着我国经济的发展，人民生活的不断提高，工业、农业的飞速发展，文化娱乐活动也日益繁荣，人们将会在生活生产中遇到各种各样的生产产品和生活消费品。
2015-2016年电子科技大学考研试题 244英语
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：244 英语(二外仅日语方向)注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetPassage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those “zero-emissions”cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes —“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.”Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat —at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far —so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill（垃圾填埋场）. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.1. What does “clueless” mean in paragraph 1?A) The California Greens are covering their eyes.B) People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehiclesC) People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cellsD) People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc.2. According to the passage, why the California Greens hold the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.”?A) They prefer not to realize the fact those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.B) They do believe that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.C) They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.D) They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run __________.A) not less than 25 miles.B) more than 25 miles.C) no less than 25 miles.D) not more than 25 miles.4. Compared with cars using gas, electric cars __________A) do not burn fuel and more environmental.B) are toxic and it is difficult for nature to clean it up when their batteries are buried in one spot.C) are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentratedD) are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill.5. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A) Being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationsB) Electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something.C) Zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment.D) Electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins. Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.German Chancellor ( 首相) Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy ( 遗产) includes many of today's social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion ( 怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first worker' s compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers' compensation insurance. America's injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state worker's compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states' average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not surprising that doctors, and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.6. The world's first workers' compensation law was introduced by Bismarck ________.A. for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movementB. out of religious and political considerationsC. to speed up the pace of industrializationD. to make industrial production safer7. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe ________.A. met growing resistance from laborers working at machinesB. resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC. was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsD. required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace8. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _________.A. they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accidentB. America's average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingC. different states in the U. S. had totally different compensation programsD. they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law9. After 1972, workers' compensation insurance in the U. S. became more favorable to workers so that _______.A. the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB. more money was allocated to their compensation systemC. there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsD. the number of workers suing for damages increased10. The author ends the passage with the implication that _______.A. compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB. people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensations systemC. the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemD. money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U. S. economyPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, you're not an investor in one of those hedge funds that failed completely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $8.The once all-powerful dollar isn't doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar.The weak dollar is a source of humiliation (屈辱), for a nation's self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It's also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U.S. economy--from giant companies like Coca-Cola to morn-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami--for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U.S. than a weak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak. Many Europeans now apparently view the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico--as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals can't afford to join the merrymaking.The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which, thanks in part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For the first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006.If you own shares in large American corporations, you're a winner in the weak-dollsr gamble. Last week Coca-Cola's stock bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Coke's beverage (饮料) business. Other American companies profiting from this trend include McDonald's and IBM.American tourists, however, shouldn't expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up--slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don't turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.11. Why do Americans feel humiliated?A. Their economy is plunging.B. Their currency has slumped.C. They can't afford trips to Europe.D. They have lost half of their assets.12. How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?A. They have to cancel their vacations in New England.B. They find it unaffordable to dine in morn-and-pop restaurants.C. They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.D. They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.13. How do many Europeans feel about the U.S. with the devalued dollar?.A. They feel contemptuous of it.B. They are sympathetic with it.C. They regard it as a superpower on the decline.D. They think of it as a good tourist destination.14. What is the author's advice to Americans?A. They treat the dollar with a little respect.B. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble.C. They vacation at home rather than abroad.D. They treasure their marriages all the more.15. What does the author imply by saying "currencies don't turn on a dime" (Line 2, Pare. 7)?A. The dollar's value will not increase in the short term.B. The value of a dollar will not be reduced to a dime.C. The dollar's value will drop, but within a small margin.D. Few Americans will change dollars into other currencies.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.The unique human habit of taking in and employing animals--even competitors like wolves--spurred on human tool-making and language, which have both driven humanity's success, Pat Shipman says, paleoanthropologist of Penn State University. "Wherever you go in the world, whatever ecosystem (生态系统), whatever culture, people live with animals," Shipman said.For early humans, taking in and caring for animals would seem like a poor strategy for survival. "On the face of it, you are wasting your resources. So this is a very weird behavior," Shipman said. But it's not so weird in the context something else humans were doing about 2.6 million years ago: switching from a mostly vegetarian diet to one rich in meat. This happened because humans inventedstone hunting tools that enabled them to compete with other top predators. Quite a rapid and bizarre switch for any animal. So we invented the equipment, learned how to track and kill, and eventually took in animals who also knew how to hunt--like wolves and other canines. Others, like goats, cows and horses, provided milk, hair and, finally, hides and meat.Managing all of these animals--or just tracking them--requires technology, knowledge and ways to preserve and convey information. So languages had to develop and evolve to meet the challenges. Tracking game has even been argued to be the origin of scientific inquiry, said Peter Richerson, professor emeritus (名誉退休的) in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California, Davis. One of the signs that this happened is in petroglyphs (史前岩画) and other rock art left by ancient peoples. At first they were abstract, geometric patterns that are impossible to decipher (破译). Then they converge on one subject: animals.There have also been genetic changes in both humans and our animals. For the animals those changes developed because human bred them for specific traits, like a cow that gives more mill or a hen that lays more eggs. But this evolutionary influence works both ways. Dogs, for instance, might have been selectively taken in by humans who shared genes for more compassion, Those humans then prospered with the dogs' help in hunting and securing their homes.16. What do we learn from the first paragraph about animals?A. Animals have driven humanity's success.B. Tool-making and language are uniquely human habits.C. Employing wolves is uniquely human habit.D. People live with animals everywhere.17. Why did Shipman say taking in animal is a poor strategy for survival?A. Early humans were poor in survival resources.B. Taking in animal was a very weird behavior.C. Early humans didn't know how to track and kill.D. Early humans switched from a vegetarian diet to meat.18. Why did languages have to develop and evolve to meet the challenges?A. Early humans should have communication in tracking game.B. Language can enable humans to compete with other top predators.C. Animals should understand the orders given by humans.D. Language could give a rapid and bizarre switch for any animal.19. What do we learn from the statement of Pat Shipman and Peter Richerson?A. Caring for animals seemed common after people invented tools.B. After language developed early humans learned how to track and kill.C. Managing and tracking animals are the origin of modem science.D. Language developed from abstract to specific because of animals.20. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Animals changes are developed by themselves.B. Human bred animals for specific genes.C. Evolutionary influence works on both humans and animals.D. Genes could make the dogs help people in hunting.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that can best complete the sentence and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.21. The way other people behave towards us influences how we _____ ourselves.A）conceive of B）consist of C）confront with D）conform to22. Based on the ____ that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of thechanging market, I would predict a marked improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.A）guidance B）instruction C） premise D） eminence23. With the economy of the country going strong, the ____ mood is one of optimism.A) presiding B) circulating C) floating D) prevailing24. She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is not ____ .A) consistent B) insistent C) beneficent D) resistant25. I reject absolutely the ____ that privatization is now inevitable in our industry.A) realization B) notion C) impression D) concept26. I admire her courage, compassion and ____ to the cause of humanity, justice and peace.A) dedication B) determination C) opposition D) realism27. The remedy proposed by Mr. Maxwell is simple, easy and ____ .A) appreciable B) amendable C) collapsible D) feasible28. We shall offer you advice, but you are under no ____ to follow it.A) pursuit B) obligation C) command D) instruction29. These technological advances in communication have ____ the way people do business.A) revolted B) represented C) adopted D) transformed30. The accused was ____ to have been the leader of a plot to overthrow the government.A) reconciled B) blended C) alleged D) referred31. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ____ the qualities andvarieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A) improve B) enhance C) guarantee D) gear32. The novel contains some marvelously revealing ____ of rural life in the 19th century.A) glances B) glimpses C) glares D) gleams33. Christmas is Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ____ the birth of JesusChrist.A) in accordance with B) in terms of C) in favor of D) in honor of34. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ____produces artificial cold surrounding it.A) absorption B) transition C) consumption D) interaction35. I ____ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.A) express B) confess C) verify D) acknowledge36. The new secretary has written remarkably ____ report only in a few pages but with the details.A) concise B) explicit C) precise D) elaborate37. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ____ them the rights andprivileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A) deprives B) restricts C) rejects D) denies38. The continuous unrest was ____ the nation’s economic depression.A) exaggerating B) aggravating C) amending D) elevating39. The family in great distress did not know whom to thank for the ____ endowment.A) spontaneous B) anonymous C) spacious D) suspicious40. It is well-known that knowledge is the ____ condition for the expansion of mind.A) incompatible B) incredible C) indefinite D) indispensable41. France’s ____ of nuclear testing in the South pacific triggered political debates and massdemonstrations.A) assumption B) consumption C) presumption D) resumption42. In my opinion, you can widen the ____ of these improvements through your active participation.A) depth B) site C) magnitude D) scope43. Expected noises are usually more ____ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A) manageable B) controllable C) tolerable D) perceivable44. No ____ has been reached among the historians about the major cause of American Civil War.A) controversy B) consensus C) contradiction D) context45. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ____ and needs proving.A) spontaneous B) hypothetical C) intuitive D) empirical46. Difficulties and hardships have ____ the best qualities of the young geologist.A) brought out B) brought in C) brought forth D) brought up47. If you know what the trouble is, why don’t you help them to ____ the situation.A) simplify B) modify C) verify D) rectify48. From this material we can____ hundreds of what you call direct products.A) derive B) discern C) diminish D) displace49. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them ____.A) off B) aside C) out D) down50. Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were ____ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic51. I haven't got the ________ idea of what you mean. Would you please make it clear to me?A) lightest B) furthest C) smallest D) faintest52. We've ________ salt. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.A) run away with B) run over C) run off D) run out of53. He was always ill for a time，but he managed to ________ .A) pull on B) pull in C) pull up D) pull through54. He ________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.A) continually B) continuously C) consistently D) consequently55. The actors have to ________ before they appear in front of the strong lights on television.A) cover up B) make up C) paint up D) do up56. When the whole area was ________ by flood，the government sent food there by helicopter.A) cut away B) cut down C) cut up D) cut off57. They have left New York ________ good; they'll never go back and live there again.A) for B) at C) by D) in58. The dress in the window ________ her eye when she passed it.A) attracted B) got C) caught D) met59. To develop light industry in a big way ________ to improving the people's livelihood.A) owes B) attributes C) distributes D) contributes60. As they haven't a child of their own，they are going to ________ a little girl.A) accept B) receive C) adapt D) adoptPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in each of the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Methods of studying vary; what works (61) for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment (62) you 61. A) good B) easilyC) sufficiently D) well62. A) until B) afterC) while D)sofind a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: (63) else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that (64) for everybody. The hint is “don’t get (65)”. The problem of studying, (66) enough to start with, becomes almost (67) to solve when you are trying to do three (68) in one weekend. (69) the fastest readers have trouble (70) that. And if you are behind in written work that must be (71), the teacher who accepts it (72) late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it (73). Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no (74). Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t (75) one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the (76) of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should (77) all their time to it. (78) the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this (79), begin with the shortest and easiest (80). Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work. 63. A) somebody B) nobodyC) everybody D) anybody64. A) follow B) goC) operate D) work65. A) behind B) afterC) slow D) later66. A) hardly B) unpleasantC) hard D) heavy67. A) improbable B) necessaryC) impossible D) inevitable68. A) week’s work B) weeks’ worksC) weeks’ work D) week’s works69. A) Even B) AlmostC) If D) With70. A) to do B) doingC) at doing D) with doing71. A) turned in B) tuned upC) turned out D) given in72. A) very B) quiteC) such D) too73. A) anyway B) eitherC) at all D) that74. A) solution B) methodC) answer D) excuse75. A) help B) encourageC) assist D) improve76. A) expense B) payC) debt D) charge77. A) devote B) putC) spend D) take78. A) Whichever B) WhateverC) However D) Wherever79. A) attraction B) decisionC) temptation D) dilemma80. A) arrangements B) wayC) assignments D) classPart V Translation (15%)Directions: In this section, you are required to put the following passage from English into Chinese. Read the passage through carefully before translation.As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn toa Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture. During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable （庄严的，珍贵的）civilization.As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning toChinese acupuncture, herbal medicines, martial arts. They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum （点心）, ginseng （人参）, gingko （银杏）, oolongcha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.Part VI Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Reform of English Education. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.目前要求改革大学英语教育的呼声很髙2. 产生这一现象的原因3. 你认为应如何改革英语教育Reform of English Education电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：244 英语(二外仅日语方向)注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
2015年翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题,信函类考研范文,辅导培训
翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析信函2.2.1文体简介(一)信函的概念信函是一种向特定对象传递信息、交流思想感情的应用文书。
(二)信函的格式信函般由开头、正文、结尾、署名、日期等5个部分组成。
(1)开头开头写收信人或收信单位的称呼。
称呼单独占行、顶格书写，称呼后用冒号。
1.正文信函的正文是书信的主要部分，叙述商业业务往来联系的实质问题，通常包括：1.向收信人问候；2.写信的事由，例如何时收到对方的来信，表示谢意，对于来信中提到的问题答复等等；3.该信要进行的业务联系，如询问有关事宜，回答对方提出的问题，阐明自己的想法或看法，向对方提出要求等。
如果既要向对方询问，又要回答对方知询问，则先答后问，以示尊重；4.提出进一步联系的希望、方式和要求。
2.结尾结尾往往用简单的一两句话，写明希望对方答复的要枣。
如“特此函达，即希函复。
”同*时写表示祝愿或致敬的话，如“此致敬礼”、“敬祝健康”等。
祝语一觫分为两行书写，“此致”、"敬祝”可紧随正文，也可和正文空开。
“敬礼”、“健康”则转行顶格书写。
3.署名署名即写信人签名，通常写在结尾后另起一行（或空一、二行）的偏右下方位置。
以单位名义发出的商业信函，署名时可写单位名称或单位内具体部门名称，也可同时署写信人的姓名。
重要的商业信函，为郑重起见，可加盖公章。
4.日期写信H期一般写在署名的下一行或同一行偏右下方位置。
商业信函的日期很重要，切勿遗漏。
(三)信函的分类常见的信函主要有：①感谢信；②祝贺信；③遨请信；④一般信件；⑤商业信件；⑥求学信。
2.2.2考研真题与典型题【四川大学2010翻译硕士真题】根据下面的文字说明写一篇450字左右的应用文，要求包含标题、正文、结尾语、落款等几个要素。
假设你是中国长虹集团电子产品海外销售部经理贾俊朋先生。
今天你刚刚从阿里巴巴国际网站上了解到，世界500强之一、全球最大的移动通讯公司一一英国沃达丰公司2010年将面向全球采购一款高端手机，数量是100万支/台。
448汉语写作与百科知识名校考研真题及答案
448汉语写作与百科知识名校考研真题及答案2015年北京外国语大学448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题及详解一、百科知识：解释出现在下列短文中划线的名词（共25个名词：每个名词2分，50分）1．苏丹致力于尼罗河水资源的开发利用。
70年代仍优先发展灌溉、水电，增加对尼罗河水份额的使用。
大型项目主要是兴建赖哈德和凯纳纳灌区。
到目前为止，尼罗河流域已有大型水闸7座，大坝l0座，水电装机容量290.1万kW，全流域灌溉面积454.8万平方百米，其中尼罗河水所灌溉的耕地面积达446.8万平方百米。
答：尼罗河长6670公里，是世界上最长的河流。
有两条主要的支流，白尼罗河和青尼罗河。
流经非洲东部与北部，自南向北注入地中海。
与中非地区的刚果河以及西非地区的尼日尔河并列非洲最大的三个河流系统。
2．国家主席习近平2014年03月28日在柏林同德国总理默克尔举行会谈。
双方就中德关系及共同关心的重大国际和地区问题深入交换意见，达成重要共识，决定将两国关系提升为全方位战略伙伴关系，为中德关系发展进一步确定了方向。
答：战略伙伴关系最早在冷战后俄美签订的《俄美伙伴和友好关系宪章》中提出，是一种不针对第三国、不搞对抗，推动平等合作的正常国家关系，是政治对话关系，而不是传统意义上的结盟关系。
3．佛教对中国文化的影响广泛而深刻，远不止于上述几个方面。
佛教是中国民众的一种普遍信仰，因此形成了很多佛教圣地，如佛教四大名山，它们分别是的四大菩萨的道场。
答：佛教中四大菩萨，指的是文殊菩萨、观音菩萨、普贤菩萨、地藏菩萨四位法力高深的菩萨。
文殊菩萨代表聪明智慧，观音菩萨代表大慈大悲，普贤菩萨代表菩萨行愿，地藏菩萨是发大愿的象征。
4．罗马教廷是发动十字军东侵的祸首。
1095年，教皇乌尔班二世（1042--1099年）在法国的克勒芒宗教大会上号召组织十字军。
在会议结束时，他向人们发表了慷慨激昂的煽动性演说。
他历数基督教徒在东方的痛苦和突厥人的“暴行”，号召贪婪的领主、好战的骑士、冒险的商人和盲从的农民，拿起武器，到东方去，从异教徒手中夺回主的坟墓。
820计算机专业基础-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：820计算机专业基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
《计算机操作系统》一、填空题（5分，每空1分）1.在生产者——消费者问题中，若10个生产者、5个消费者共享容量为8的缓冲区，则互斥使用缓冲区的信号量的初值为。
2.某简单段式存储管理系统中，地址长度为32位，若允许的最大段长为64KB，则段号占位。
2015年四川大学翻译硕士(MTI)入学考试《汉语写作与百科知识》真题及答案
2015年四川大学翻译硕士（MTI）入学考试《汉语写作与百科知识》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释1.古希腊人把对过去进行思考的回忆视作人类固有的本能。
古希腊人很早就有了历史意识，殊不知荷马就扮演了一部分史学家的角色，他的诗虽有文学成分，但也不乏众多的历史事实。
特洛伊的成功发掘，本身就证明了荷马记载的真实性。
希罗多德和修昔底德成就出两部古典史学名著《希波战争史》和《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》。
_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：((1)荷马：古希腊盲诗人。