2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1.概念：

定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，

定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。:

2.常见考点：

①先行词与关系词

先行词：

被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例：Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?（the girl为先行词）

关系词：

引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。

例：Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing comes to mind.

注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。下面的句子是错误的：

例：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.（应去掉the book)

②关系代词和关系副词：

常见的关系代词

③关系代词的用法

↓↓↓who和whom的用法：

二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。

例：In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.

↓↓↓whose的用法:

whose一般指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于of which。在定语从句中作定语。

例：You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.

↓↓↓which的用法:

☻which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.

☻在定语从句中作介词的宾语。

例：The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

↓↓that的用法

that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，否则需要用which或whom等其他词替代。例：Jack is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I met five years ago.

↓↓↓↓注意：下列情况关系词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用which引导

①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词。例：Is there anything that you don't understand?

②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。

例：This is the only book that I can find.

③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。

例：This is the best book that I have ever read.

④当先行词前面有only，all，any, no等修饰时。

例：I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.

⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。

例：Which is the hotel that you like best?

④关系副词的用法

↓↓↓when的用法

在从句中作时间状语。常用on which，in which, at which, during which等代替。例：April Fool's Day is the day when people make fun of others.

(=April Fool's Day is the day on which people make fun of others.)

↓↓↓where的用法

在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, to which等替代。

例：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

↓↓↓why的用法

why 在定语从句中作原因状语，可以用for which代替。why不可引导非限制性定语从句，此时可用for which。

例：I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.

⑤定语从句中需注意的事项

↓↓主谓一致问题

关系代词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词应一致。

☻先行词是单数，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用复数。例：Mr. Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.

☻“one of+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the（only）one of+复数名词”或“the very/right one of+复数名词”后定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例：Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded.

↓what不可引导定语从句

what本身是“复合关系代词”，等同于“先行词+关系代词（which/that）”。因此，不能用what引导定语从句。

例：Tell me what is happening.=Tell me all that is happening.

↓↓↓关系代词与关系副词的选用

☻用关系代词或用关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词，而不及物动词则要用关系副词。

例：(×)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

例：(√)This is he mountain village(which)I visited last year.