音标

6.开音节
开音节分两种,绝对开音节和相对开音节
绝对开音节指: 以元音字母结尾的音节 如: me, he , she,no, be,I 相对开音节= 辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ( re除外 ) 在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音 如: tape, sage, take, sage, bate， these, bike, home
hope 希望
mute 哑音 字母
suck 吸
Байду номын сангаас
hike 远足
kit 用具包
slit 撕开
wet 湿的
mate 伙伴
写出下列单词的音标：
cat bag gate pot so bike
bee
dust
desk
not
in
bus
kite
egg
no beg
truck
根据音标写单词
/həum/
7.闭音节
闭音节= 辅音+元音+辅音或辅组 ( -al等除外) 在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音 bag，tack, beg, egg ,fish, not ,cup
区分以下单词是开音节词还是闭音节词:
drink pick bad
hi rule ice
hat by pop
hand gate back bit
国际音标
1．语音和音素
凡是人说出来用以交流思想或表 达感情的声音都叫做语音。 语音可以分解成许多大小不同的单位, 例如: 一句话、一个短语、一个词， 以至于一个音节等都是语音单位。
其中最小的、不可再分解的单位便是 音素(phone)。 例如： begin一词本身就是一个语音单位, 它又可以分成两个较小的单位(syllable, 音节), 还可以进一步分成5 个最小的单 位(音素), 如：/b-i -ɡ-i-n /。
desk bed
[e]
yes
e /i:/ we /e/ leg ee /i:/ see
she mend jeep
these yellow green
ea /i:/ tea
ea /e/ bread
meat
heavy
please
sweater
元音字母 Ii 在单词中的发音
开音节： I
hi bike fine
辅
爆破音：
音
鼻 音：
发音时气流会受到某些阻碍，声带有的振动。
[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
[m] [n] [ŋ]
摩 擦 音：
[f] [θ] [s] [∫] [h] [v] [ ð] [z] [ʒ] [r]
破 擦 音：
[ ts ] [ t∫] [ tr ]
[ dz ] [ dʒ ] [ dr ]
/pek/ /pæ k/
/deiz/
/lait/
/lit/
/main/
/min/ /mai/
/sain/
/siŋ/
/nail/
/nil/ /kait/ /gaid/
/laim/
/mei/
/it/ /et/ /mis/ /mes/
/leim/
/pin/ /pen/
/keit/
/liŋk/ /lend/
joke
jazz
ride
he
size
元音字母 Aa 在单词中的发音
开音节: Kate
name face map and
grade age game bag thank
［ei］ cake
闭音节： Ann
[æ ]
am
元音字母 Ee 在单词中的发音
开音节： he
she
me
［i:］
闭音节： egg
pen ten
father
mother
sorry friend eleven tenth
4.音节
由音素组合而成。一个元音加上辅音 即构成一个音节。一个元音也能构成 一个音节。 有一个音节的叫单音节词, 有两个音节的叫双音节词, 有三个和三个以上音节的叫多音节词。
区分以下单词是单音节词,双音节 词还是多音节词：
thin three thirty
ck [k]
black clock ticket
y [ i ] candy early many city y [ j ] yes you year young
Do not be afraid of making mistakes.
Because everyone makes mistakes.
nice
like kite ［ai］
闭音节： in it
is six
sit
[i this] Miss
元音字母 o 在单词中的发音 go home those ［əu］ hello zero
闭音节： not
开音节： no
wrong ［‫ ］כ‬dog
box on
clock
元音字母 Uu 在单词中的发音
box
good clock bag class zero
Read the following:
/s/ /əu/ /nəut/ /‫/כ‬ /n‫כ‬t/ /ө/
/si:m/
/sin/ /sed/
/өi:m/
/өin/ /өeft/
/ð/ /ði:/ /ðis/ /ðen/
/z/ /zi:/ /zip/ /zed/
heavy like culture favorite palace person short captain popular curly hobby yesterday application
5. 单词重音 (Word stress):
一般来说, 单音节和双音节词只有一个 音节是重读的, 叫做重读音节（个别的 也有两个都重读的, 如:（ re tell, re write) 重音符号是个直撇, 位置在重读音节的左上方。
['difərənt] ['hɔlədi]
[kən'və:ʃən] ['sju:tkeis]
['redi] [,ʌndə'stæ nd]
多音节词中往往有次重读音(secondary stress),次重音符号是一个从下往上挑的 直撇,位置在次重读音节的左下方，如： ‚conver sation。
ee， meet see between queen ea， read tea please clean
ch [ tʃ ] much lunch chess chair sh [ ʃ ] ship shop fish wish
th /ð/ this th /θ/ think
that
these those
p［p］ pen
t ［ t ］ ten
picture
two
jeep
boat
map
meet
b［b］ bike
d［d ］ desk k［k］ cake g [ g ] good s [ s ] sit z [z] is
bus
down Kate girl see his
book
bird thank egg yes these
fox not dog
/f/ fine
five four
/v/
very
/θ/
thin
/ð/
this that these those
seven think
have thank
family love face glove over
three
home pot
thirteen there thirty
those clock floor rose
/ðəuz/
/s‫כ‬ŋ/
/sməuk/ /f‫כ‬k/
/si:/
/gi:s/
/ki:p/
/kept/ /pi:p/
/bi:t/
/bed/ /mi:t/ /di:d/
/sez/ /ges/ /si:k/
/seik/
/et/ /æ t/ /sed/ /sæ d/
/peid/
/beg/ /bæ g/
/meit/
开音节 [ ju:] use huge excuse
闭音节 [Λ]
bus cup mug cut
must us
much
[ei]
[æ ]
[ i: ] [e]
[ai] [i]
[ ju:]
[ əu ]
[‫] כ‬
grade lake make snack plan match neck send rest
清辅音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [ tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h]
辅 音
28个
11个
浊辅音
17个
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ ] [dӡ] [dr] [dz] [ r ]
[m] [n] [ŋ] [w] [ j ] [ l ]
发音不变化的辅音字母：
2. 音素和字母
音素是语音的最小单位，音素靠听觉 来辨认; 字母(letter)是书写的最小单位,字母 靠视觉来辨识。
3.音标
用来指示单词读音的记音符号称为音 标，音标一律放在/ /或[ ]中，以免同 字母混淆。
元
音
发音时气流不受阻碍，声带振动。
单 前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [æ ] 元 中元音：[ə :] [ə] [Λ] 音 后元音：[a:] [ ɔ: ] [‫[ ]כ‬u:] [u] 双 合口双元音：[ei] [ai] [‫כ‬i] [əu ] [au] 元 音 集中双元音：[iə] [εə] [uə]
floor
/get/
door
/faiv/
mom
/meni/
get
/θæŋk/
five
/skai/
many
/θiŋk/
the /sm‫:כ‬l/ n small
/veri/
thank
/l‫כ‬k/
sky
/əunli/
think
very
lock
only
字母组合发音：
e [ i: ] 有ee , ea字母组合
舌 侧 音：
[l]
半 元 音：
[j]
[w]
辅
音
清辅音: [p] [t] [k] [f ] [θ] [s] [∫] [ ts ] [ t∫] [ tr ]
浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z] [ʒ] [ dz ] [ dʒ ] [ dr ]
[m] [n] [ŋ] [h] [ l ] [r]
[ j ] [w]
语音知识——国际音标
元 音
20个
单元音
12个
长元音 短元音
[a: ] [ɔ:] [ʌ] [ɔ]
[ә:] [i:] [u:] [ә] [i] [u] [æ ] [e]
双元音 [ ai ] [ ei ]
8个
[ ɔi ] [ әu ] [ au ] [ iә ] [εә] [ uә]
/geit/
/ai/
/i/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
bike
nice find five
sit
Miss hill this
look
hello floor
my
nine
morning
map
am
new
ten
wrong
think
family game
son
thank
/ əu / no
go so old
/‫/כ‬ box
/b‫כ‬ks/
/si:/
/hil/
/teik/
/sæ d/
/laik/ home sad
/gəu/
/hi:/ box go he
/taid/
/n‫כ‬t/ see tide not
/kΛt/
/ fju:s / hill cut fuse
/Λs/
/ju:z/
take us use
like
Read and spell out the /fl‫/:כ‬ /d‫/:כ‬ /m‫כ‬m/ /ðen/ words.
There is a little bee. Coming from the apple tree. Flying in the flowers. And can’t see me.
The brown cow is out now.
Bark.Bark.Bark. The dog is barking after the car.
Look.This is little John. Goes to bed with his trousers on. One shoe off and one shoe on. Look.This is little John.
1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake. 2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports. 3. I like the toy bear. I often brush its hair. I have a pear near the chair. 4.Today is cold. Don’t forget to put on your coat. You can go to school by boat. 5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying” Maybe Kate can’t skate.” 7)The ugly man has one hundred ducks. 8)The farmer has a large farm and a car. 9) After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass. 10) Miss Mo, She’s tall. She has a dog, it’s small. She likes walking and riding a horse.
[Λ]
beef freeze Greece
slice mike kite yuck duck bug
till
ago
stop
lot mop
fox
ill
lip junk truck dust
whole
nose duty
pot
top
mute
fuse
pupil flute
tune
much
hate 憎恨
mat 草席