06 Transportation
新剑桥商务英语 Unit_6_Transportation
Pipelines transportation
• The most important characteristics of pipeline transportation include: • Designed for a specific purpose only, to carry one commodity from a location to another • Effective in transporting large quantities of products • Link isolated areas of production with major centers of refining and manufacture
Airways
railways
Bicycles Pedestrians
Roadways
Waterways
Pipelines
the modes of transportation
General Introduction of Transportation
• What is transportation?
• 在公路运输市场中，承运人可以使用现有 的公路设施，无须先进行大量的资本投入 。因此这个市场中竞争者很多，他们以有 竞争力的价格提供相似的服务。
• 3. Rail offers the cost-effective transport of large quantities of cargos over long distances. It is especially good for cargos with high volume and low value, such as coal, timber and grain. • 4. It offer rapid, flexible delivery, but it is also perceived as expensive compared to the charges of land and ocean freight. Bulky cargo with low unit value can not afford to ship by air.
新职业英语职业综合英语Unit_6_Transportation
( F ) 1. bulky
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Unit 6 Transportation
LL-Task 2-1 Lab Language
Task 2 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases from Task 1. Change the form if necessary.
Unit 6 Transportation
Language Lab LL-Task 5-1
Task 5 Translate the following into English using the given words or phrases. 1. 这家航空公司今年开始办理货运业务。(freight) This aircraft company began to deal with freight this year.
A. the act of taking goods, letters, etc. to a particular person or place ( H ) 2. volume B. the act of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it ( E ) 3. transport regularly ( C ) 4. namely C. that is (to say) ( D ) 5. advantageous D. good or useful in a particular situation E. movement of people or goods from one ( A ) 6. delivery place to another F. large and difficult to move or carry ( J ) 7. economical G. be replaced by ( B ) 8. maintenance H. the amount of something ( I ) 9. lie in I. exist or be found J. not spending more money than ( G ) 10. give way to necessary
最新新职业英语 职业综合英语1 Unit 6 Transportation 电子教案
Unit 6 TransportationWarming-upTask 1 Match the following express company logos with their names. Objective: Ss can identify some world-famous express companies. Steps:1. Ss read warming-up task 1.2. Go through logos 1-4 with Ss.3. Get Ss to match the logos with their company names.4. Give the key.Background informationExpress Mail Service (EMS) (全球邮政特快专递业务) is an international express postal service offered by postal-administration members of the Universal Postal Union (UPU), a specialized agency of the UN, which created the EMS Cooperative in 1998 to promote the harmonization and development of postal services worldwide.United Parcel Service, Inc. (国际联合包裹运输公司), commonly referred to as UPS, is one of the world’s largest package delivery companies.FedEx Corporation (联邦国际快递) is a logistics services company based in the United States. Its current slogan is “The World on Time”.China Railway Express Co., Ltd. (中铁快运) is a logistics services company in China. Task 2Use one or two sentences to describe the meaning of the following shipping labels. Objective: Ss can identify some typical shipping labels.Steps:1. Ss read warming-up Task 22. Get Ss to do the task individually before they discuss their answers with others.3. Ask some Ss to present their work.4. Give the key.Study of Reading AObjectives:1.Grasp the main idea2.Master some language points3.Get to know the mode of transporting goods and their advantages and disadvantages Steps:1.Structure of Reading A----How Do We Transport Our Goods?Ask the students to talk about the title before reading the text. Ss can tell several way of transportation and then ask them to think about the advantages and disadvantages of each mode of transportation to help students understand the text. After that, ask Ss to skim the text with Task 1, next, ask several students to share their answers; finally, the Ts give some explanation to Ss.nguage PointsParagraph 1①be characterized by: to have the character or qualities ofe.g. This book is characterized by colorful pictures.Paragraph 2①lie in: (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.) to exist or be founde.g. The problem lies in deciding when to expand the business.②compare favorably with: to be better in nature or quality in relation to anothere.g. Your spoken English compare favorably with your sister’s.Paragraph 3①in relation to: connected with or compared with something.e.g. Women’s earnings are still low in relation to men’s.②what matters the most: what is the most importante.g. What matters the most is the way you look at your life.Paragraph 4①advantage n.advantageous adj.②deliver v.delivery n. e.g. free deliveryParagraph 5①economic adj. of or relating to the production, development and management of material wealth, as of a country, household or business enterprise; of or relating to an economyc.f. economical adj. not spending more money than necessary②maintain v.maintenance n.Paragraph 6①give way to: to be replaced bye.g. Excitement gave way to fear as she stepped on the stage.②the key to…e.g. the key to successStudy of Reading BIn this section, at first, T should ask Ss to learn the new words and expressions by themselves as well as the text, and then T makes some supplement. Ask Ss to do the exercises after class and give them reference answer.Listening & SpeakingIn this section, there are six tasks in total. Ss are asked to listen twice for each task. After listening, Ts should check the answers before giving Ss the correct ones. While listening, Ts should give explanation to the key points and some difficult statements.Writing------Letter of ComplaintObjective: Master how to write a letter of complaint in a right formSteps:Ts teach Ss how to write a letter of complaint and give Ss some samples. Ask Ss to write a letter of complaint after class and ask them to hand in their homework. Requirements:A letter of complaint requests compensation for defective or damaged goods or for poor services. It usually consists of the following parts:1. Background: describing the situation;2. Problem: explaining cause and effect;3. Solution: stating exactly what you want to be done about the problem4. Warning: stating actions to take if the problem is not solved5. Closing: ending with a wish to solve the problem.Tip: For a letter of complaint to be effective, it should be short, clear, friendly and packed with necessary.Mini-projectThis project asks Ss to solve a problem, which is sending an urgent document to a teacher in London. It helps Ss develop problem-solving and research skills. Ss search online and select a suitable express service. They should compare different services and decide which offers the best value. In order to complete it successfully, Ss should use the knowledge and skills they’ve learned from other activities in the unit. The tips on Ss’books give some famous companies in the line. Ss can log on their websites and then make a decision. Steps:1. Grouping. Divide the class into groups.2. Defining the project. Go through the project with the class and clarify requirements.3. Timing & cooperation. Give Ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working together. Ss discuss to decide who will log on which website and hen compare the services of different companies.4. Presentation. Ss present their evidence for completion. In this project, they need to give an oral presentation about the service they choose in class.Language LabThis section is about the exercises of the whole unit, ask Ss to do it after class first and then check their answers and give explanations to common errors they make.Self-study Room---- Attributive Clauses(定语从句)Ask Ss how much they know about attributive clauses first and then Ts give explanation and provide some exercises to help Ss understand attributive clauses and master how to use it.在英语复合名中充当定语的句子称作定语从名。
transportation翻译成中文
transportation翻译成中文transportation汉语翻译:运输,输送,交通车辆。
一、词意辨析：communication,traffic,transportation这些名词均有“交通”之意。
communication:指邮电、无线电、铁路、公路等各种交通方式或媒介。
traffic:指来往的东西的情况，表示一种抽象概念的交通流动量。
transportation:指将乘客或货物从一处运到另一处，也可指交通运输工具。
二、英语解释：1、名词transportation:a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods2、同义词：transportation system,transitthe act of moving something from one location to another 3、同义词：transfer,transferral,conveyancethe sum charged for riding in a public conveyance4、同义词：farethe United States federal department that institutes and coordinates national transportation programs;created in 1966 5、同义词：Department of Transportation,DoTthe commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials6、同义词：shipping,transportthe act of expelling a person from their native land7、同义词：exile,deportation,expatriation三、例句：The building of the bridge is very important for the transportation between the two towns.这座桥的建造对这两个镇的交通很重要。
Chapter06-运输问题和指派问题
The P&T Co. Transportation Problem
运输问题模型参数表(供应 量、需求量和单位成本)
Copyright 2007 © 深圳大学管理学院 运筹学 20
Spreadsheet Formulation
Copyright 2007 © 深圳大学管理学院 运筹学 21
Copyright 2007 © 深圳大学管理学院 运筹学 5
P&T Company Distribution Problem
CANNERY 1 Bellingham
罐头厂1-贝林翰
CANNERY 2 Eugene
罐头厂2-尤基尼
WAREHOUSE 3 Rapid City
仓库3-赖皮特城
CANNERY 3 Albert Lea
Copyright 2007 © 深圳大学管理学院 运筹学 2
Table of Contents (主要内容)
Variants of Transportation Problems: Nifty (Section 6.3)(运输问题的变形：耐芙 迪公司问题) Applications of Transportation Problems: Metro Water (Section 6.4)(运输问题的应 用：米德罗水管站问题) Applications of Transportation Problems: Northern Airplane (Section 6.4)(运输问题 的应用：北方飞机制造公司问题)
贝林翰先满足萨克拉门托， 剩余的运送到盐湖城 艾尔贝先满足奥尔巴古， 剩余的运送到赖皮特 尤基尼满足剩余需求
旅游英语课件Unit 6 Transportation
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
Background Information: 3. 阿西乐快线 阿西乐快线（英文全名为Acela Express，但通常只
称Acela）于2000年12月投入运营，是一条由美铁 （Amtrak）经营、沿美国东北走廊的一条高速铁路，全 长734km，从华盛顿特区至波士顿，途径巴尔的摩、费 城和纽约，使用摆式列车的技术。阿西乐快线是美国真 正意义上的第一条高速铁路，最高时速可达240公里， 但平常行驶的平均时速都在110公里，不到最高时速的 一半。
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
Background Information: 2. 美国国家铁路客运公司 美国国家铁路客运公司（National Railroad
Passenger Corporation of the USA），常用商标为 Amtrak，简称美国国铁或美铁，是美国一家长途和城际 铁路客运公司，创立于1971年5月1日。Amtrak是由美 国（America）和铁轨（track）组成的混合词。美国国 铁有雇员超过19000人，全国总路线长22000英里 （35000公里），服务覆盖美国46个州和加拿大三个省 份，总共约500个车站。
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
Language Points: 1. The USA has an excellent rail network, trans-
continental and inter-city trains in the USA operated by Amtrak. 美国的铁路网四通八达，由美铁经营着长 途及城际列车。 2. There are two types of train—‘Acela Express’ 150mph high-speed trains with 1st class and business class (premium fares apply) and regular trains with coach class and (in most cases) business class. 美国有两种类型的火车：一种是阿西 乐特快，运行速度为每小时150英里，配有头等座和 商务座（含保险费）；另一种是普通列车，配有经济 座，多数列车还有商务座。
Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件
Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件一、教学内容本节课选自英语教材第5册“Travel and Transportation”章节，详细内容包括交通工具的英文命名，如car, bus, train, plane, bicycle等；各种交通工具的特点及用途；相关英语句型，例如：“How do you go to school?”和“I go to schoolbus/train/plane.”二、教学目标1. 让学生掌握交通工具的英文表达，并能正确运用。
2. 培养学生运用英语描述日常出行方式的能力。
3. 增强学生对不同交通工具特点的认识，培养他们的环保意识。
三、教学难点与重点重点：交通工具的英文命名及其用法。
难点：如何运用英语描述出行方式，以及各种交通工具的特点。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT课件、交通工具图片、磁铁、黑板。
2. 学具：单词卡片、练习册、彩色笔。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示交通工具图片，引导学生用英语说出他们认识的交通工具。
2. 新课内容：讲解新单词和句型，让学生跟读并模仿。
a. 教师展示PPT，介绍各种交通工具的英文表达。
b. 学生跟读，并进行小组竞赛，看哪个小组读得最准确。
c. 教师给出例句，引导学生用新学的单词造句。
3. 实践情景引入：邀请学生扮演乘客，用英语描述他们的出行方式。
4. 例题讲解：讲解如何回答“How do you go to school?”这个问题，并给出几个示例。
5. 随堂练习：让学生两人一组，互相提问并回答关于出行方式的问题。
六、板书设计1. 板书Transportation2. 板书内容：交通工具单词：car, bus, train, plane, bicycle等。
句型：“How do you go to school?”和“I go to school bus/train/plane.”七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. 根据所学单词，画出你最喜欢的交通工具，并标注英文。
Transportation教案
Transportation 教案第一章：课程概述1.1 课程目的本课程旨在帮助学生了解和掌握各种交通工具及其相关知识，提高他们的英语听说读写能力。
1.2 课程内容本课程将涵盖各种交通工具，包括公共交通工具和非公共交通工具，以及与交通相关的安全知识和环保意识。
1.3 教学方法采用任务型教学法，通过互动讨论、小组活动、角色扮演等丰富的教学活动，激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性。
第二章：公共交通工具2.1 教学目标学生能够识别和描述常见的公共交通工具，如公交车、地铁、火车等，并能够用英语进行简单交流。
2.2 教学内容公交车（bus）地铁（subway/tube）火车（trn）渡轮（ferry）2.3 教学活动展示各种公共交通工具的图片，让学生进行辨认和描述。
进行角色扮演，模拟在公共交通工具上的对话。
第三章：非公共交通工具3.1 教学目标学生能够识别和描述常见非公共交通工具，如自行车、电动车、私家车等，并能够用英语进行简单交流。
3.2 教学内容自行车（bicycle）电动车（electric scooter）私家车（car）摩托车（motorcycle）3.3 教学活动展示各种非公共交通工具的图片，让学生进行辨认和描述。
进行角色扮演，模拟在不同非公共交通工具上的对话。
第四章：交通规则与安全4.1 教学目标学生能够了解和掌握基本的交通规则和安全知识，并能够用英语进行简单交流。
4.2 教学内容交通信号灯（traffic lights）交通标志（traffic signs）安全带（seat belts）头盔（helmets）4.3 教学活动展示交通信号灯和交通标志的图片，让学生进行辨认和描述。
进行角色扮演，模拟在交通场景中的对话。
第五章：环保意识5.1 教学目标学生能够了解和认识到交通工具对环境的影响，并能够提出一些环保的建议。
5.2 教学内容污染排放（pollution emissions）公共交通（public transportation）骑自行车（cycling）环保意识（environmental awareness）5.3 教学活动进行小组讨论，让学生分享对交通工具对环境影响的认识。
Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件
Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件一、教学内容本节课我们以交通工具为主题，通过学习第五单元"Transportation" 中的课文 "The Different Modes of Transportation"，让学生了解各种交通工具的特点和用途。
课文内容涵盖了乘用车、公共交通、水上运输、铁路运输和航空运输等不同交通方式，以及它们在人们日常生活中的重要作用。
二、教学目标1. 学生能够听懂、会说、会读、会写与交通工具相关的词汇，如car, bus, train, plane, ship 等。
2. 学生能够理解并运用目标句型 "What is this? It's a/an " 描述交通工具。
3. 学生能够在真实情景中运用所学知识，正确使用交通工具的名称和特点进行简单交流。
三、教学难点与重点重点：交通工具的名称和特点。
难点：目标句型的运用和单词的准确发音。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体课件、交通工具图片、单词卡片等。
2. 学具：笔记本、彩色笔等。
五、教学过程1. 情景引入：教师展示一张交通拥堵的图片，引导学生谈论交通工具和交通状况。
2. 新课导入：教师展示交通工具图片，引导学生用 "What is this? It's a/an" 句型描述交通工具。
3. 课文学习：教师播放课文录音，学生跟读并模仿发音。
教师讲解课文中的生词和短语，如 "passenger, transportation, subway" 等。
4. 课堂练习：学生分组，每组选择一种交通工具，用英语介绍其特点和用途。
5. 游戏环节：教师设计 "Transportation Concentration" 游戏，学生通过翻开卡片匹配交通工具，增强记忆。
六、板书设计板书内容包括本节课的主要词汇和目标句型，如 "What is this? It's a/an"，以及各种交通工具的图片和名称。
旅游英语课件Unit 6 Transportation
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
Background Information: 4. 高速列车 TGV是法文单词的缩写，高速列车的意思。TGV计
划开始于20世纪60年代。当时，法国国家铁路（SNCF） 认识到，要与日益增长的私家车和快捷的空中交通竞 争，他们除了提供快捷的速度外，别无他法。最初，这 项计划被认为是走上了技术的“死胡同”。当时的业内 人士以为，钢制轮轨系的技术已经研究到底了，应该是 转移到磁悬浮或喷气动力式研究的时候了，因此，这项 计划在一开始没有得到任何政府投资。法国国家铁路局 对TGV的构想是在列车保持兼容现有铁路设施的条件下 开发高速铁路系统。
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
Background Information: 2. 美国国家铁路客运公司 美国国家铁路客运公司（National Railroad
Passenger Corporation of the USA），常用商标为 Amtrak，简称美国国铁或美铁，是美国一家长途和城际 铁路客运公司，创立于1971年5月1日。Amtrak是由美 国（America）和铁轨（track）组成的混合词。美国国 铁有雇员超过19000人，全国总路线长22000英里 （35000公里），服务覆盖美国46个州和加拿大三个省 份，总共约500个车站。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
New Word: trans-continental 长途的，洲际的 inter-city trains 城际列车 premium ['pri:mɪəm] n. 保险费，额外费用 remarkably [rɪ'mɑ:kəblɪ] adv. 非常地，显著地 reclining seat 可躺座椅 sleeper ['sli:pə] n. 卧铺，卧车 coach fare 普通座票价
物流专业英语Chapter 6 Transportation
11
6.2.3 Water Transport Most supply chains use shipping to cross the oceans at some point, and over 90% of world trad e is moved by sea. You can see the importance o f shipping to a country like the UK, where 95% of freight arrives or leaves by ship, shipping is the fif th largest service sector exporter, the City of Lond on insures 25% of the world’s marine risk, the ma rine and repair business is one of the largest in E urope, there are 300 ports around the coast, and the surrounding waters are among the busiest in t he world.
8
③Box-bodied lorries are like the flat beds, ex cept they have bodies added, traditionally with ac cess from the rear. These give more protection th an flat beds. In the 1970s Boalloy added curtain s iding to give easier access to the load.
【完整版教案】-小学一年级幼儿园中班英语教案：Transportation(交通工具)
不为什么，就为他破旧箱筐里那一札皱巴巴的诗文。
https://屈原自没于汨罗江，而柳宗元则走过汨罗江回来了。
幸好回来，柳州、永州无所谓，总比在长安强。
什么也不怕，就怕文化人格的失落。
中国，太寂寞。
在柳州的柳宗元；宛若一个鲁滨逊。
他有一个小小的贬滴官职，利用着，挖了井，办了学，种了树，修了寺庙，放了奴婢。
毕竟劳累，在47岁上死去。
共2页: 上一页12下一页写完《柳侯祠》，南去20里，去看白莲洞。
先我30余年，两位古人类学家到这里作野外考察。
他们拿着小耙东掘掘、西挖挖。
突然，他们的手停住了，在长时间的静默中，3万年光阴悄悄回归，人们终于知道，这个普通的溶洞，曾孕育过远古人类的一个重要系脉。
今天，至少亚洲的许多人类学家都在研究他们的种族与“白莲洞人”的血缘关系。
更浪漫的学者甚至把联系的长线拉上了南美洲的地图。
在我看来，诸般学问中，要数考古学最有诗意。
难怪不少中外大诗人兼通此道。
白莲洞要末不进，进去便是半个诗人。
我走进洞口。
不知是哪一天，哪一个部落，也偶然走进了洞口。
一声长啸，一片欢腾。
他们惊惧地打量过洞内黑森森的深处，野兽的鸣叫隐隐传出。
他们疑虑地仰望过洞顶的钟乳石，不知它们会带来什么灾祸。
但是，不管了，握起尖利的石块朝前走，这里是该我们的家。
洞内的猛兽早已成群结队，与人类争夺这个天地。
一场恶斗，一片死寂。
一个部落被吞没了，什么也没有留下。
又不知过了多少年月，又一个部落发现了这个洞穴，仍然是一场恶斗，一片死寂。
终于，有一次，在血肉堆中第一个晃晃悠悠站起来的，是人而不是兽。
人类，就此完成了一次占有。
我跌跌撞撞往里走。
有声响了。
头顶有“吱吱”的叫声，那是蝙蝠，盘旋在洞顶；脚下有“喇喇”的水声，那是盲鱼，窜游在伏流。
洞里太黑，它们都失去了眼睛，瞎撞了多少万年。
洞边有火坑遗迹，人在这里点燃了火炬，成了唯一光明的动物。
深深的黑洞在火光下映入瞳孔，这一人种也就有了乌黑的眼珠。
想起了一篇作品《野古马》，写成吉思汗留下的一个马群始终活着，奔驰游观，直至如今。
旅游英语课件Unit 6 Transportation
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
New Word: trans-continental 长途的，洲际的 inter-city trains 城际列车 premium ['pri:mɪəm] n. 保险费，额外费用 remarkably [rɪ'mɑ:kəblɪ] adv. 非常地，显著地 reclining seat 可躺座椅 sleeper ['sli:pə] n. 卧铺，卧车 coach fare 普通座票价
need to choose a vehicle? Is it price, speed or service?
Section A Passage Reading
Text A Travel Agency
Background Information: 1. 美国铁路公司
The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak, is a publicly funded service operated and managed as a for-profit corporation and began operations on May 1, 1971, to provide intercity passenger train service in the United States.
Section A Passage Reading
Text B Independent Travel
Background Information: 1. 中国主要航空公司 The major airlines in China so far are Air China, China
transportation和transport的区别
transport造句
1、sediment transverse transport
2、vertical transport coefficient
3、There's more timber to transport now.
4、The benefits of this project include reduced travel time for passengers and freight transport, lower transport costs, and increased reliability and safety of the urban transport system.
5、Pod transport technology is even starting gain some stateside attention.
6、Increased sensitivity of trade flows to transport costs and reliability.
7 climate change.
chusancom隶属于吉林省春雨秋风科技有限公司其它同名网站均为侵权或假冒
transportation和transport的区别
transport用作名词，及物动词，接名词、代词作宾语，可用于被动结构。transportation只能用作名词，本义是“运输”。transport表示运输，同时能表示运输器材。transportation侧重于指运输，指距离较短的“交通”。
外贸英语之运输Transportation
外贸英语之运输Transportation外贸英语900句之运输 Transportation（一）We arrange shipments to any part of the world.我们承揽去世界各地的货物运输。
From what I've heard you're ready well up in shipping work.据我所知，您对运输工作很在行。
What is your specific transport requirement?你们需要的运输条件是什么？It will cause a lot of problems in our transportation.这将给我们的运输带来很多问题。
The two sides finally reached an agreement on the mode of transportation.双方就运输方式达成了协议。
Today let's discuss the mode of transportation of the steel we ordered.今天我们就谈谈关于钢材的运输方式吧。
How do you usually move your machines?你们出口机器习惯使用哪种运输方式？The goods are now in transit.此批货物正在运输途中。
A part of the goods were damaged in transit.一部分货物在运输途中受损。
If the cargo space must be reserved, please send us the necessary application forms.如果要预订货舱，请将订舱表寄给我们。
do you do any chartering?你们租船吗？Words and Phrasestransport 运输to be in transit 正在运输move 运输transportation business 运输业transportation company (corporation) 运输公司transportation cost 运输成本mode of transportation 运输方式way of transportation 运输方式means of transportation 运输方式to do charter 租船cargo space 货舱（二）Transport by sea is the most important mode of transportation in the world today.海运是目前世界上最重要的一种运输方式。
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4. Land Bridge: ocean freight shipment + railroad
Transportation vs. Other Logistics Activities
1. Transportation costs vs. locations of facilities 2. Transportation mode vs. inventory requirements 3. Transportation mode vs. packaging
Classifications of Carriers
• Common Carriers:
1) to serve the public;
2) for-hire carriers; 3) railroads & pipelines; 4) most highly regulated
• Contract Carriers:
A Surface Container
Air Freight ULDs 航空集装设备
• Common Intermodal Service Combinations
1. Birdyback Service: truck + air 2. Fishyback Service: truck + water 3. Piggyback Service / Trailer-on-Flatcar (TOFC): truck + rail
Modes of Transportation
Charateristics of Transportation Modes
1. Cost 成本
2. Speed 速度
3. Reliability 可靠性 4. Capability 能力 5. Capacity 容量: ton miles 6. Flexibility 柔性
regulations
• Private Carriers
1) not for-hire carriers 2) a firm's own transportation
Birdyback
Fishyback
Trailer & Semi-Trailer
Piggyback
Reverse Land Bridge
Russian Gas Pipelines
Central Asia-China Pipeline (Longest)
European Oil Pipelines
Railroads
1. Cost: air > motor > rail 2. Speed: airfreight > trucking > railroads > water > pipelines 3. Flexibility: affected by weather, stop offs, etc.
Freight Cars: Flatcars 平车
Very large or heavy
Water
1. Cost: air > motor > rail > water 2. Speed: airfreight > trucking > railroads > water 3. Reliability: drought, flooding, weather conditions
4. The type of carrier vs. materials handling equipment
5. Transportation capacity vs. consolidation of shippments
6. Quality of carrier and carrier service vs. customer
• 14,000 cats and dogs
• 11,100 tons of seafood • 3,500 tons of fresh meat
Motor Carriers / Trucking 汽车运输
1. Cost: < airfreight
2. Speed: < airfreight
3. Reliability: affected by weather, traffic jam, etc. 4. Great capability 5. Limited capacity due to some constraints 6. Flexibility: best
• 2000 horses
• 1200 tons of roses for Valentine's Day
• 300 tons of worms (baits for European angler industry) • 6 Hippoptamuses (河马) • 4 life-saving organs per day • 2 Leopards • 1 Giraffe
disturbed.
Containerization: a system of freight transport based on a range of steel intermodal containers
Container
• Definition: "a uniform, sealed resuable metal 'box' in which goods are shipped" • Standard-sized Containers:
4. Capability: lower-value, high-volume, bulk-type, such as Products of forests, mines & agriculture
5. Carrying capacity: railroads > trucking > air
6. Flexibility: only < trucking
LTL (less-than-truckload) shipment vs. TL (truckload) shipment
零担运输 (terminal集散中心) vs. 整车运输
Pipelines
one-way transporation, no need for vehicles 1. Cost: low per unit, but quite costly to construct 2. Speed: Slowest
4. Great capability: similar with those of freight train
5. Carrying capacity: water > railroads > air / trucking
6. Low accessibility: trucking > railroads > airfreight >
1) to serve customers on a basis of contract 2) for-hire carriers; 3) water, motor & air
• Exempt Carriers:
1) for-hire carriers
2) water, motor & air
3) to serve customers with products exempt from economic
5. Flexibility: accessorial transportation service (附加服务) is
needed
Lufthansa Cargo 汉莎货运航空
Lufthansa freight (2012 data)
• 80,000,000 tropical fish for aquarium industry • 25,915 tons of fresh fruits and vegetables • 20,000 tons of plants and flowers
service goals
Transportation Specialists
• Freight Forwarders 货运代理人: offers pickup and delivery service but does not perform the line-haul service • 3PL companies • Parcel carriers包裹承运人
Freight Cars: Tank Cars 罐车
liquid or gas
Freight Cars: Open-topped Cars敞车
Products of Mines: Coal
Bulk Cargo of limestone
Freight Cars: Boxcars 箱车
General Freight: grain, wheat
Airfreight
1. Highest cost 2. Fastest speed on the line-haul(长途运输): 500-600 m/h
3. Reliability: problematic
4. Limited capability: high value, low volume, perishable nature, urgent delivery (no bulky cargo) 4. Limited capacity: mostly belly freight (机腹载货); dimensional / dim weight (体积计重)
3. Reliability: most
4. Limited capability: only for for liquid, liquefiable, or gaseous in nature (slurry system 泥浆系统) 5. Large carrying capacity 6. Flexibilon