mmps_15_engl
MMPs简介
• 斑块破裂: MMPs 一方面可分解维持斑块稳定的 胶原；另一方面通过影响VSMCs 增殖，间接影 响VSMCs 所产生的胶原含量。 VSMCs 凋亡则可 直接破坏斑块稳定，而VSMCs 凋亡所导致的胶 原合成减少也是导致斑块不稳定的重要因素。 MMP-2、7、11、12、13、14、16 的表达量升高 ,MMPs-9 兼具保护性破坏性
肿瘤发展
• 肿瘤侵袭转移：MMPs几乎能降解ECM中的各种 蛋白成分，改变细胞间粘附，破坏肿瘤细胞侵袭 的组织学屏障 • 参与血管新生：降解ECM 促进内皮细胞、内皮祖 细胞和造血干细胞的迁移；调节VEGFR 等影响 内皮细胞的活力和生物学行为；血管生成有多种 炎症因子参与，MMPs 也能够招募更多的炎症因 子，炎症因子也能进一步促进MMPs 的产生。 • 抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡：通过激活TGF-β 等生长因子 • 作用于白细胞、单核细胞等破坏免疫系统等影响 肿瘤的进展。
药物
• PG-530742 中度膝骨性关节炎 宝洁 二期临 床 MMP-9 13 3 2 8 • CTS-1027 抗关节炎 罗氏 二期后停止 MMP-9 12 13 14 3 2 • 脂质条纹形成：降解ECM，方便单核细胞向内皮 侵入。侵入内膜的单核细胞分化成巨噬细胞，最 终转化成泡沫细胞，这些荷脂泡沫细胞在动脉内 膜上形成的黄色斑点或条纹，被称为脂质条纹。 MMP-1、3、7、9、10、12、14 • 斑块形成： 促进血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs ）的 迁移。 VSMCs 在侵入内膜后会由收缩型转变为 合成型，开始分泌以I 型胶原、II 型胶原、蛋白聚 糖为主要成分的ECM，泡沫细胞、淋巴细胞、平 滑肌细胞等在内膜不断富集，结合胞外基质的改 变，逐渐发展为AS 斑块 。MMP-8、10、12、13
分类
英斯特朗电子万能材料试验机
安全
关系到安全的关键功能由控制器直接实现，而不是通过计算机 软件间接实现。这样能对紧急情况和限位开关做出最快的反应， 一旦有这些情况发生，控制器会检测到试验过程中传感器断开， 停下横梁。如果计算机关机或者软件出现错误，机器会自动切 换到等待模式。力传感器达到满载荷的 105% 时会有自动过载 保护。另外，用户可以在软件里设置软极限。
数据完整性和可靠性
传感器自动识别，校准和平衡大大加快了测试速度，保证了测 试数据的一致和精确。使用优化的零部件，板式安装接头和可 靠性高的零部件，减少了维护时间和费用，提高了可靠性。 先进的数字控制系统使所有通道的数据采集同步达到 500Hz。 即使在材料屈服阶段或者剥离，撕裂等应用中快速发生变化的 状况，也能保证数据的真实可靠。每次测试的数据都会自动保 存在计算机的硬盘中，即使突然断电，数据结果也不会丢失。
我们的使命是成为公认的力学性能试验设备世界领导者。我们的 目标是通过不断地技术创新提供高品质的产品、专业的技术支持 和世界水平的服务从而使得我们的用户获得拥有英斯特朗产品的 最佳体验。
关于英斯特朗 致承™系列
致承系列产品是美国英斯特朗公司于 2013 年推出的针对质量控 制领域新的解决方案。 在过去超过四十多年的时间里，美国英斯特朗公司在中国为众多 领域的客户提供了各类测试要求高且极为复杂的材料测试解决方 案。随着近年来中国制造业水平的飞速提升，国内更多的用户希 望英斯特朗能够在继承原有技术的基础上开发出快捷实用，高性 价比的解决方案。基于中国市场的需求，英斯特朗于 2013 年推 出了全新产品系列——“致承”。该系列传承了英斯特朗在材料测 试领域的最新技术和丰富经验，以“精准”、“卓越”为特点，旨在 为更多客户的不同需求提供丰富的解决方案以及快速响应的专业 服务，更好地满足客户对测试系统的需求。 目前，致承产品系列下有 2 大类产品：电子万能试验机和液压万 能试验机。
PCB 板载继电器 G2RL 高容量低架构继电器说明书
PCB RelayG2RL670High Capacity,Low Profile RelayD Low profile:15.7mm max.in height.DCadmium-free contacts ensuring environment-friendly use.D 10kV impulse surge withstand.DClearance and creepage distance:10mm/10mm.D Tracking resistance:CTI>250.D Class-F insulation systems,standard.D Low coil power of 400mW.D UL,CSA and VDE approved.DRoHS Compliant.VDEOrdering InformationClassificationEnclosure ratings Contact form gSPST-NO SPDTDPST-NODPDTModelClass-FGeneral-purpose Flux protection G2RL-1A G2RL-1G2RL-2A G2RL-2p p Fully sealed G2RL-1A4G2RL-14G2RL-2A4G2RL-24High-capacity Flux protection G2RL-1A-E G2RL-1-E ------g p yFully sealedG2RL-1A4-EG2RL-14-E------Note:When ordering,add the rated coil voltage to the part number.Example:G2RL-1A DC12J MODEL NUMBER LEGENDG2RL-jjj -j -j123451.Number of Poles1:1pole 2:2poles2.Contact FormNone:j PDTA:j PST-NO3.Enclosure RatingsNone:Flux protection (vented)4:Fully sealed (with “knock off vent nib”)4.ClassificationNone:General purpose E:High capacity (1pole)5.Approved StandardsNone:UL,CSA,VDE,UL Class F InsulationSpecificationsJ COIL RATINGSRated voltage5VDC12VDC24VDC48VDC Rated current80.0mA33.33mA16.7mA8.96mA Coil resistance62.5Ω360Ω1,440Ω5,358ΩCoil inductance(H)(ref. l)Armature OFF0.18 1.01 4.1915.91C()(value)Armature ON0.44 2.479.7233.65Must operate voltage70%max.of the rated voltageMust release voltage10%min.of the rated voltageMax.voltage130%of the rated voltage(at85°C)Power consumption Approx.400mW Approx.430mW J CONTACT RATINGSNumber of poles1pole2polesContact material AgSnO2AgNiLoad Resistive load(cosφ=1)Resistive load(cosφ=1)Rated load12A(16A)at250VAC12A(16A)at24VDC 8A at250VAC 8A at30VDCRated carry current12A(16A)8A(70°C)/5A(85°C) Max.operating voltage440VAC,300VDCMax.operating current12A(16A)8AMax.switching power3,000VA(4,000VA),288W(384W)2,000VA,240W Note:Values in parentheses are those for the high-capacity model.J CHARACTERISTICSItem1pole2polesContact resistance100mΩmax.Operate(set)time Approx.7msRelease(reset)time Approx.2msMax.operating frequency Mechanical:18,000operation/hrElectrical:1,800operation/hr at rated loadInsulation resistance1,000MΩmin.(at500VDC)Dielectric strength5,000VAC,1min between coil and contacts1,000VAC,1min between contacts of same polarity 5,000VAC,1min between coil and contacts2,500VAC,1min between contacts of different polarity 1,000VAC,1min between contacts of same polarityImpulse withstand voltage10kV(1.2×50µs)between coil and contactVibration resistance Destruction:10to55Hz,1.5-mm double amplitudeMalfunction:10to55Hz,1.5-mm double amplitudeShock resistance Destruction:1,000m/s2Malfunction:Energized:100m/s2Not energized:100m/s2Life expectancy(Mechanical)20,000,000operations(at18,000operations/hr)Ambient temperature Operating:--40°C to85°C(with no icing)Storage:--40°C to85°C(with no icing)Ambient humidity35%to85%Weight Approx.12gPackaging Standard:20relays/stick671PCB Relay G2RL672PCB RelayG2RLJ APPROVED STANDARDSUL508(File No.E41643)/CSA C22.2(No.14)(File No.LR31928)Part number Contact form Coil ratings Contact ratingsG2RL-1A SPST-NO 3to 48VDC12A at 250VAC (General use),100k ops.24VDC (Resistive)ops G2RL-1SPDT12A at (Resistive),50k ops.1/3hp,120VAC,30k ops.,60_CG2RL-1A-E SPST-NO (High capacity)16A at 250VAC (General use),100k ops.16A at 24VDC (Resistive),50k ops.240use)C G2RL-1-E SPDT (High capacity)20A at VAC (General use),85_15A at 240VAC (General use),105_C 1/2hp,120VAC,100k ops.,70_C (NO)G2RL-2A DPST-NO 8A at 277VAC (General use),100k ops.t 30VDC (R i ti )G2RL-2DPDTC (G ),00p 8A at (Resistive),100k ops.VDE (VDE0435)Part number Contact form Coil ratingsContact ratingsG2RL1pole5,12,18,22,24,48VDC12A at 250VAC (cos φ=1)12A at 24VDC (L/R=0ms)AC15:3A at 240VACDC13:2.5A at 24VDC,50ms 1pole (High capacity)16A at 250VAC (cos φ=1)16A at 24VDC (L/R=0ms)AC15:3A at 240VAC (NO)1.5A at 240VAC (NC)DC13:2.5A at 24VDC (NO),50ms 2poles8A at 250VAC (cos φ=1)8A at 24VDC (L/R=0ms)AC15: 1.5A at 240VAC DC13:2A at 30VDC,50msNote:To achieve approved life cycles on sealed models,the relay should be vented by removing “knock off vent nib”on top of relay caseafter the soldering/washing process.Part numberContact ratingMinimum operationsG2RL-1-E 16A at 250VAC (cos φ=1)100,000operations min.(1sec.ON /9sec.OFF)G16A at 24VDC30,000operations min.8A at 250VAC (cos φ=0.4)200,000operations min.(N.O.side operation)8A at 30VDC (L/R=7ms)10,000operations min.G2RL-112A at 250VAC (cos φ=1)100,000operations min.(1sec.ON /9sec.OFF)G 12A at 24VDC30,000operations min.5A at 250VAC (cos φ=0.4)150,000operations min.5A at 30VDC (L/R=7ms)20,000operations min.G2RL-28A at 250VAC (cos φ=1)100,000operations min.(1sec.ON /9sec.OFF)G8A at 30VDC30,000operations min.G2RL-1A-E Pilot duty (A300),250VAC 250,000operations min.(1sec.ON /9sec OFF)GPilot duty (A300),125VAC150,000operations min.(1sec.ON /9sec OFF)Note:1.The results shown reflect minimum cycles using a very severe duty cycle of 1sec ON/1sec OFF (unless otherwise specifiedabove).2.In order to obtain the full rated life cycles on the fully sealed models,the relay should be properly vented by removing the“knock off vent nib”on top of the relay case after the soldering /washing process of the P .C.B.Contact Omron for applications where venting of the sealed relay is not possible.673PCB RelayG2RLEngineering DataDC resistive loadAC resistive loadJ MAXIMUM SWITCHING CAPACITYSwitching voltage(V)J AMBIENT TEMPERATURE VS MAXIMUM COIL VOLTAGEAmbient Temperature (°C)J AMBIENT TEMPERATURE VS RATED CARRY CURRENTAmbient Temperature (°C)G2RL-2A,G2RL-2G2RL-1A-E,G2RL-1-EG2RL-1A,G2RL-1G2RL-1A,G2RL-1G2RL-1A-E,G2RL-1-EG2RL-2A,G2RL-2Switching voltage (V)Switching voltage (V)Note:The maximum coil voltage refers to the maximum value in a varying range of operating power voltage,not a continuous voltage.DC resistive loadAC resistive loadDC resistive loadAC resistive load85S w i t c h i n g c u r r e n t (A )S w i t c h i n g c u r r e n t (A )S w i t c h i n g c u r r e n t (A )R a t e d c a r r y c u r r e n t (A )M i n i m u m c o i l v o l t a g e (%)DimensionsUnit:mm (inch)*Indicates average dimensions.G2RL-1A,G2RL-1A4Four,1.3±0.1dia.holesMounting Holes (Bottom View)Terminal Arrangement/Internal Connection (Bottom View)3451(2.5)674PCB RelayG2RLFive,1.3±0.1dia.holesMounting Holes (Bottom View)Terminal Arrangement/Internal Connection (Bottom View)*Indicates average dimensions.G2RL-1,G2RL-1413452(2.5)Six,1.3±0.1dia.holesMounting Holes (Bottom View)Terminal Arrangement/Internal Connection (Bottom View)*Indicates average dimensions.G2RL-1A-E,G2RL-1A4-E453618(2.5)Eight,1.3±0.1dia.holesMounting Holes (Bottom View)Terminal Arrangement/Internal Connection (Bottom View)*Indicates average dimensions.G2RL-1-E,G2RL-14-E18273645(2.5)Six,1.3±0.1dia.holesMounting Holes (Bottom View)Terminal Arrangement/Internal Connection (Bottom View)*Indicates average dimensions.G2RL-2A,G2RL-2A4183645(2.5)Eight,1.3±0.1dia.holesMounting Holes (Bottom View)Terminal Arrangement/Internal Connection (Bottom View)*Indicates average dimensions.G2RL-2,G2RL-2418273645(2.5)MEMO675PCB Relay G2RLTerms and Conditions of Sale1.Offer; Acceptance. These terms and conditions (these "T erms") are deemedpart of all quotations, acknowledgments, invoices, purchase orders and other documents, whether electronic or in writing, relating to the sale of products or services (collectively, the "Products") by Omron Electronic Components LLC ("Seller"). Seller hereby objects to any terms or conditions proposed in Buyer's purchase order or other documents which are inconsistent with, or in addition to, these T erms.2. Prices; Payment. All prices stated are current, subject to change withoutnotice by Seller. Buyer agrees to pay the price in effect at time of shipment.Payments for Products received are due net 30 days unless otherwise stated in the invoice.3. Discounts. 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Product specifications and accessories may bechanged at any time based on improvements and other reasons. It is our prac-tice to change part numbers when published ratings or features are changed,or when significant construction changes are made. However, some specifica-tions of the Product may be changed without any notice. When in doubt, spe-cial part numbers may be assigned to fix or establish key specifications for your application. Please consult with your Seller representative at any time to con-firm actual specifications of purchased Product.5.Errors and Omissions. The information in this publication has been carefullychecked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for clerical, typographical or proofreading errors, or omissions.6.RoHS Compliance. Where indicated, our products currently comply, to the bestof our knowledge as of the date of this publication, with the requirements of the European Union's Directive on the Restriction of certain Hazardous Sub-stances ("RoHS"), although the requirements of RoHS do not take effect until July 2006. These requirements may be subject to change. Please consult our website for current information.OMRON ON-LINEGlobal - USA - Canada - http://www.omron.caCat. No. JB301-E3-01Printed in USAOMRON CANADA, INC.885 Milner AvenueT oronto, Ontario M1B 5V8416-286-6465OMRON ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS LLC55 E. Commerce Drive, Suite B Schaumburg, IL 60173847-882-22883/05 Specifications subject to change without noticeComplete “Terms and Conditions of Sale” for product purchase and use are on Omron’s website at – under the “About Us” tab, in the Legal Matters section.ALL DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN MILLIMETERS.T o convert millimeters into inches, multiply by 0.03937. T o convert grams into ounces, multiply by 0.03527.。
急性冠脉综合征
3.1 mm
3.1 mm
血管造影未能发现冠脉血管重构
急性冠状动脉综合征分类演变
80年代以前:〝透壁〞和〝非透壁〞心肌梗死 80-90年代初: 〝Q波〞和〝无Q波〞心肌梗死 90年代以来: 〝ST段抬高性ACS〞和〝非ST段抬高性ACS〞，后者包括无Q波心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛
Unstable Angina
NSTEMI
NQMI QwMI Myocardial Infarction
病理生理：稳定和不稳定斑块
不稳定斑块
稳定斑块
Thin fibrous cap Thrombus Thick fibrous cap Smooth muscle cells Lipid rich core and macrophages Media
二级预防
一级预防
WOSCOPS-PI
WOSCOPS-Rx
AFCAPS/TexCAPS-Rx
AFCAPS/TexCAPS-PI
PROVE IT结论
与标准降脂治疗（普伐他汀40mg/日）相比，对近期有急性冠脉综合征的患者进行他汀强化降脂治疗（阿托伐他汀80mg/日），能更好地预防死亡和主要心血管事件的发生 早期、持续地降低LDL胆固醇至显著低于目前治疗目标值的水平（立普妥组： LDL-C中位数水平降至62mg/dl ）能使这些患者获益 阿托伐他汀强效降脂在治疗早期（30天）即显示获益 阿托伐他汀强化降脂治疗将LDL-C降至明显低于AVERT、MIRACL和REVERSAL试验的水平，效果快而明显，且未见安全性问题
ACS的发病机制：两条主线
不稳定性动脉粥样硬化斑块 不稳定斑块内富含脂质，内面的覆盖薄弱，存在大量炎性细胞，容易破裂 血栓学说 大多数ST段抬高心肌梗死的血栓主要成分为纤维蛋白，被称为〝红血栓〞 大多数无ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征的血栓主要成分为血小板，为"白血栓"或"灰血栓"
SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODE LRB520S-商品说明书
DC
D=1/2 Sin(θ＝180)
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
1
10 100 1000
TIME:t(s)
Rth-t CHARACTERISTICS
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
AVERAGE RECTIFIED FORWARD CURRENT：Io(A) Io-Pf CHARACTERISTICS
10
15
Ifsm 8.3ms 8.3ms 10 1cyc
5
5
Ifsm t
0
1
10
100
NUMBER OF CYCLES IFSM-CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS
0
0.1
1
10
100
TIME:t(ms)
IFSM-t CHARACTERISTICS
10000
Mounted on epoxy board
75 100 125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE:Ta(℃) Derating Curve (Io-Ta)
0.5
0.4 DC
0.3 D=1/2
0.2
0A
Io
0V t
VR D=t/T
VR=20V
T Tj=125℃
0.1 Sin(θ＝180)
0
0
25
50
75 100 125
CASE TEMPARATURE:Tc(℃) Derating Curve (Io-Tc)
LESHAN RADIO COMPANY, LTD. LRB520S-40T1G
FORWARD CURRENT:IF(mA)
LM7805三极管正压电源数据手册说明书
3-TERMINAL POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7805 TO-220Plastic PackageThe Voltages Available allow these Regulators to be used in Logic Systems, Instrumentation, Hi-Fi Audio Circuits and other Solid State Electronic Equipment ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS UNIT V W W ºC ºC ºCELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (T j =25ºC unless specified otherwise)VI =10V, I O =500mA DESCRIPTION SYMBOLMINTYPMAXUNIT Output VoltageV OT j =25ºC4.805.20V I O =5mA ~ 1AV I =7V ~ 20V, P< 15W Line Regulation R EGV V I =7.0 ~ 25V T j =25ºC 100mV V I =8.0 ~ 12V50mV Ripple Rejection R R V I =8.0 ~ 18V, f=120HzT j =0 ~ 125ºC 62dB Load RegulationR EGL I O =5mA ~ 1.5A T j =25ºC100mV I O =250mA ~ 750mA50mV Output Resistance R O f=1KHz T j =0 ~ 125ºC 0.017ΩOutput Voltage Drift ∆V O /∆T I O =5mA T j =0 ~ 125ºC - 1.1mV/ºC Output Noise Voltage V NO f=10Hz ~ 100KHzT j =25ºC40µV Dropout Voltage V d I O =1AT j =25ºC 2.0V Quiescent CurrentI Q T j =25ºC8.0mA Quiescent Current Change ∆I Q V I =7.0 ~ 25V T j =0 ~ 125ºC 1.3mA I O =5mA ~ 1A0.5mA Short Circuit Output Current I SC T j =25ºC 750mA Peak Output CurrentI PKT j =25ºC2.2ATEST CONDITIONV T j =0 ~ 125ºC4.755.25Storage Temperature RangeT stg - 65 to +150Lead Temperature 1.6mm (1/16 inch) from Case for 10 seconds T L260Continuous Total Dissipation at T c =25ºC case TemperatureP D 15Operating free-air, case, or Virtual Junction Temperature Range T OPR 0 to 150DESCRIPTION SYMBOL VALUE Input VoltageV IN 35Continuous Total Dissipation at T a =25ºC free air TemperatureP D2.0Continental Device India LimitedAn ISO/TS 16949, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 Certified CompanyTO-220Leaded PlasticPackageMRegulatorsPin 1: In Pin 2: Ground Pin 3: OutPackaging dimensions, tube dimensions and quantity/tube are approximate and subject to change.TO-220 Series Packaging TubeLM7805 TO-220Plastic PackageCustomer Notes LM7805TO-220Plastic PackageDisclaimerThe product information and the selection guides facilitate selection of the CDIL's Semiconductor Device(s)best suited for application in your product(s)as per your requirement.It is recommended that you completely review our Data Sheet(s)so as to confirm that the Device(s)meet functionality parameters for your application.The information furnished in the Data Sheet and on the CDIL Web Site/CD are believed to be accurate and reliable.CDIL however,does not assume responsibility for inaccuracies or incomplete information.Furthermore,CDIL does not assume liability whatsoever,arising out of the application or use of any CDIL product;neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor rights of others.These products are not designed for use in life saving/support appliances or systems.CDIL customers selling these products(either as individual Semiconductor Devices or incorporated in their end products),in any life saving/support appliances or systems or applications do so at their own risk and CDIL will not be responsible for any damages resulting from such sale(s).CDIL strives for continuous improvement and reserves the right to change the specifications of its products without prior notice.CDIL is a registered Trademark ofContinental Device India LimitedC-120 Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi 110 028, India.Telephone + 91-11-2579 6150, 4141 1112 Fax + 91-11-2579 5290, 4141 1119*****************。
MPI TITAN RF Probe Selection Guide
MPI Probe Selection GuideWith a critical understanding of the numerous measurement challenges associated with today’s RF ap-plications, MPI Corporation has developed TITAN™ RF Probes, a product series specifically optimized for these complex applications centered upon the requirements of advanced RF customers.TITAN™ Probes provide the latest in technology and manufacturing advancements within the field of RF testing. They are derived from the technology transfer that accompanied the acquisition of Allstron, then significantly enhanced by MPI’s highly experienced RF testing team and subsequently produced utilizing MPI’s world class MEMS technology. Precisely manufactured, the TITAN™ Probes include matched 50 Ohm MEMS contact tips with improved probe electrical characteristics which allow the realization of unmat -ched calibration results over a wide frequency range. The patented protrusion tip design enables small passivation window bond pad probing, while significantly reducing probe skate thus providing the out -standing contact repeatability required in today’s extreme measurement environments. TITAN TM Probes with all their features are accompanied by a truly affordable price.The TITAN™ Probe series are available in single-ended and dual tip configurations, with pitch range from 50 micron to 1250 micron and frequencies from 26 GHz to 110 GHz. TITAN™ RF Probes are the ideal choice for on-wafer S-parameter measurements of RF, mm-wave devices and circuits up to 110 GHz as well as for the characterization of RF power devices requiring up to 10 Watts of continuous power. Finally, customers can benefit from both long product life and unbeatable cost of ownership which they have desired foryears.Unique design of the MEMS coplanar contacttip of the TITAN™ probe series.DC-needle-alike visibility of the contact point and the minimal paddamage due to the unique design of the tipAC2-2 Thru S11 Repeatability. Semi-Automated System.-100-80-60-40-200 S 11 E r r o r M a g n i t u d e (d B )Frequency (GHz)Another advantage of the TITAN™ probe is its superior contact repeatability, which is comparable with the entire system trace noise when measured on the semi-automated system and on gold contact pads.CROSSTALKCrosstalk of TITAN™ probes on the short and the bare ceramic open standard of 150 micron spacing compared to conventional 110 GHz probe technologies. Results are corrected by the multiline TRL calibration. All probes are of GSG configuration and 100 micron pitch.-80-60-40-200Crosstalk on Open. Multiline TRL Calibration.M a g (S21) (d B )Frequency (GHz)-80-60-40-200Crosstalk on Short. Multiline TRL Calibration.M a g (S21) (d B )Frequency (GHz)The maximal probe c ontac t repeatability error of the c alibrate S11-parameter of the AC2-2 thru standard by T110 probes. Semi-automated system. Ten contact circles.Cantilever needle material Ni alloy Body materialAl alloy Contact pressure @2 mils overtravel 20 g Lifetime, touchdowns> 1,000,000Ground and signal alignment error [1]± 3 µm [1]Planarity error [1] ± 3 µm [1]Contact footprint width < 30 µm Contact resistance on Au < 3 mΩThermal range-60 to 175 °CMechanical CharacteristicsAC2-2 Thru S21 Repeatability. Manual TS50 System.-100-80-60-40-200S 21 E r r o r M a g n i t u d e (d B )Frequency (GHz)MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICSThe maximal probe c ontac t repeatability error of the c alibrate S21-parameter of the AC2-2 thru standard by T50 probes. Manual probe system TS50.26 GHZ PROBES FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSUnderstanding customer needs to reduce the cost of development and product testing for the high competitive wireless application market, MPI offers low-cost yet high-performance RF probes. The specifically developed SMA connector and its outstanding transmission of electro-magnetic waves through the probe design make these probes suitable for applications frequencies up to 26 GHz. The available pitch range is from 50 micron to 1250 micron with GS/SG and GSG probe tip configurations. TITAN™ 26 GHz probes are the ideal choice for measurement needs when developing components for WiFi, Bluetooth, and 3G/4G commercial wireless applications as well as for student education.Characteristic Impedance 50 ΩFrequency rangeDC to 26 GHz Insertion loss (GSG configuration)1< 0.4 dB Return loss (GSG configuration)1> 16 dB DC current ≤ 1 A DC voltage ≤ 100 V RF power, @10 GHz≤ 5 WTypical Electrical Characteristics26 GHz Probe Model: T26Connector SMAPitch range50 µm to 1250 µm Standard pitch step from 50 µm to 450 µm from 500 µm to 1250 µm25 µm step 50 µm stepAvailable for 90 µm pitch Tip configurations GSG, GS, SG Connector angleV-Style: 90-degree A-Style: 45-degreeMechanical CharacteristicsT26 probe, A-Style of the connectorTypical Electrical Characteristics: 26 GHz GSG probe, 250 micron pitchPROBES FOR DEVICE AND IC CHARACTERIZATION UP TO 110 GHZTITAN™ probes realize a unique combination of the micro-coaxial cable based probe technology and MEMS fabricated probe tip. A perfectly matched characteristic impedance of the coplanar probe tips and optimized signal transmission across the entire probe down to the pads of the device under test (DUT) result in excellent probe electrical characteristics. At the same time, the unique design of the probe tip provides minimal probe forward skate on any type of pad metallization material, therefo -re achieving accurate and repeatable measurement up to 110 GHz. TITAN™ probes are suitable for probing on small pads with long probe lifetime and low cost of ownership.The TITAN™ probe family contains dual probes for engineering and design debug of RF and mm-wave IC’s as well as high-end mm-wave range probes for S-parameter characterization up to 110 GHz for modeling of high-performance microwave devices.Characteristic Impedance 50 ΩFrequency rangeDC to 40 GHz Insertion loss (GSG configuration)1< 0.6 dB Return loss (GSG configuration)1> 18 dB DC current ≤ 1 A DC voltage ≤ 100 V RF power, @10 GHz≤ 5 WTypical Electrical Characteristics40 GHz Probe Model: T40Connector K (2.92 mm)Pitch range50 µm to 500 µmStandard pitch step For GSG configuration:from 50 µm to 450 µm from 500 µm to 800 µmFor GS/SG configuration:from 50 µm to 450 µm 25 µm step 50 µm stepAvailable for 90 µm pitch25 µm stepAvailable for 90/500 µm pitch Tip configurations GSG, GS, SG Connector angleV-Style: 90-degree A-Style: 45-degreeMechanical CharacteristicsTypical Electrical Characteristics: 40 GHz GSG probe, 150 micron pitchT40 probe, A-Style of the connectorCharacteristic Impedance50 ΩFrequency range DC to 50 GHz Insertion loss (GSG configuration)1< 0.6 dB Return loss (GSG configuration)1> 17 dBDC current≤ 1 ADC voltage≤ 100 VRF power, @10 GHz≤ 5 W Typical Electrical Characteristics Connector Q (2.4 mm)Pitch range50 µm to 250 µm Standard pitch stepFor GSG configuration: from 50 µm to 450 µm For GS/SG configuration: from 50 µm to 450 µm 25 µm stepAvailable for 90/500/550 µm pitch 25 µm stepAvailable for 90/500 µm pitchTip configurations GSG, GS, SG Connector angle V-Style: 90-degreeA-Style: 45-degreeMechanical CharacteristicsT50 probe, A-Style of the connectorTypical Electrical Characteristics: 50 GHz GSG probe, 150 micron pitchCharacteristic Impedance50 ΩFrequency range DC to 67 GHz Insertion loss (GSG configuration)1< 0.8 dB Return loss (GSG configuration)1> 16 dBDC current≤ 1 ADC voltage≤ 100 VRF power, @10 GHz≤ 5 W Typical Electrical Characteristics Connector V (1.85 mm)Pitch range50 µm to 250 µm Standard pitch stepFor GSG configuration: from 50 µm to 400 µm For GS/SG configuration: from 50 µm to 250 µm 25 µm step Available for 90 µm pitch25 µm step Available for 90 µm pitchTip configurations GSG Connector angle V-Style: 90-degreeA-Style: 45-degreeMechanical CharacteristicsT67 probe, A-Style of the connectorTypical Electrical Characteristics: 67 GHz GSG probe, 100 micron pitchCharacteristic Impedance 50 ΩFrequency rangeDC to 110 GHz Insertion loss (GSG configuration)1< 1.2 dB Return loss (GSG configuration)1> 14 dB DC current ≤ 1 A DC voltage ≤ 100 V RF power, @10 GHz≤ 5 WTypical Electrical CharacteristicsMechanical CharacteristicsTypical Electrical Characteristics: 110 GHz GSG probe, 100 micron pitchT110 probe, A-Style of the connectorCharacteristic impedance50 ΩFrequency range DC to 220 GHz Insertion loss (GSG configuration)1< 5 dB Connector end return loss(GSG configuration)1> 9 dBTip end return loss(GSG configuration)1> 13 dBDC current≤ 1.5 ADC voltage≤ 50 V Typical Electrical CharacteristicsConnector Broadband interface Pitch range50/75/90/100/125 µm Temperature range -40 ~ 150 ºC Contact width15 µmquadrant compatible(allowing corner pads)Yes recommended pad size20 µm x 20 µm recommended OT (overtravel)15 µmcontact resistance(on Al at 20 ºC using 15 µm OT)< 45 mΩlifetime touchdowns(on Al at 20 ºC using 15 µm OT)> 200,000Mechanical CharacteristicsT220 probe, broadband interface Typical Performance (at 20 ºC for 100 µm pitch)BODY DIMENSIONS PROBES Single-Ended V-StyleT220 GHz Probe1.161.1628.328437.455.6512.5527.73Single-Ended A-StyleCALIBRATION SUBSTRATESAC-series of calibration standard substrates offers up to 26 standard sets for wafer-level SOL T, LRM probe-tip cali -bration for GS/SG and GSG probes. Five coplanar lines provide the broadband reference multiline TRL calibration as well as accurate verification of conventional methods. Right-angled reciprocal elements are added to support the SOLR calibration of the system with the right-angled configuration of RF probes. A calibration substrate for wide-pitch probes is also available.Material Alumina Elements designCoplanarSupported calibration methods SOLT, LRM, SOLR, TRL and multiline TRL Thickness 635 µmSizeAC2-2 : 16.5 x 12.5 mm AC3 : 16.5 x 12.5 mm AC5 : 22.5 x 15 mm Effective velocity factor @20 GHz0.45Nominal line characteristic impedance @20 GHz 50 ΩNominal resistance of the load 50 ΩTypical load trimming accuracy error ± 0.3 %Open standardAu pads on substrate Calibration verification elements Yes Ruler scale 0 to 3 mm Ruler step size100 µmCalibration substrate AC2-2Probe Configuration GSGSupported probe pitch100 to 250 µm Number of SOL T standard groups 26Number of verification and calibration lines5Calibration substrate AC-3Probe Configuration GS/SG Supported probe pitch50 to 250 µm Number of SOL T standard groups 26Number of verification and calibration lines5Calibration substrate AC-5Probe Configuration GSG, GS/SG Supported probe pitch250 to 1250 µm Number of SOL T standard groups GSG : 7GS : 7SG : 7Open standardOn bare ceramic Number of verification and calibration linesGSG : 2GS : 1Typical characteristics of the coplanar line standard of AC2-2 calibration substrate measured using T110-GSG100 probes, and methods recommended by the National Institute of Standard and Technologies [2, 3].2468(d B /c m )F requency (G Hz)α-6-4-202I m a g (Z 0) ()F requency (G Hz)AC2-2 W#006 and T110A-GSG100Ω2.202.222.242.262.282.30 (u n i t l e s s )F requency (G Hz)β/βо4045505560R e a l (Z 0) ()F requency (G Hz)ΩTypical Electrical CharacteristicsMPI QAlibria® RF CALIBRATION SOFTWAREMPI QAlibria® RF calibration software has been designed to simplify complex and tedious RF system calibration tasks. By implementing a progressive disclosure methodology and realizing intuitive touch operation, QAlibria® provides crisp and clear guidance to the RF calibration process, minimizing con-figuration mistakes and helping to obtain accurate calibration results in fastest time. In addition, its concept of multiple GUI’s offers full access to all configuration settings and tweaks for advanced users. QAlibria® offers industry standard and advanced calibration methods. Furthermore, QAlibria® is integrated with the NIST StatistiCal™ calibration packages, ensuring easy access to the NIST mul-tiline TRL metrology-level calibration and uncertainty analysis.MPI Qalibria® supports a multi-language GUI, eliminating any evitable operation risks and inconvenience.SpecificationsRF AND MICROWAVE CABLESMPI offers an excellent selection of flexible cables and acces-sories for RF and mm-wave measurement applications forcomplete RF probe system integration.CablesHigh-quality cable assemblies with SMA and 3.5 mm connectorsprovide the best value for money, completing the entry-level RFsystems for measurement applications up to 26 GHz. Phase stab-le high-end flexible cable assemblies with high-precision 2.92, 2.4, 1.85 and 1 mm connectors guarantee high stability, accuracy and repeatability of the calibration and measurement for DC applications up to 110 GHz.MPI offers these cable assemblies in two standard lengths of 120 and 80 cm, matching the probe system’s footprint and the location of the VNA.Cables Ordering InformationMRC-18SMA-MF-80018 GHz SMA flex cable SMA (male) - SMA (female), 80 cmMRC-18SMA-MF-120018 GHz SMA flex cable SMA (male) - SMA (female), 120 cmMRC-26SMA-MF-80026 GHz SMA flex cable SMA (male) - SMA (female), 80 cmMRC-26SMA-MF-120026 GHz SMA flex cable SMA (male) - SMA (female), 120 cmMRC-40K-MF-80040 GHz flex cable 2.92 mm (K) connector, male-female, 80 cm longMRC-40K-MF-120040 GHz flex cable 2.92 mm (K) connector, male-female, 120 cm longMRC-50Q-MF-80050 GHz flex cable 2.4 mm (Q) connector, male-female , 80 cm longMRC-50Q-MF-120050 GHz flex cable 2.4 mm (Q) connector, male-female , 120 cm longMRC-67V-MF-80067 GHz flex cable 1.85 mm (V) connector, male-female, 80 cm longMRC-67V-MF-120067 GHz flex cable 1.85 mm (V) connector, male-female, 120 cm longMMC-40K-MF-80040 GHz precision flex cable 2.92 mm (K) connector, male-female, 80 cm long MMC-40K-MF-120040 GHz precision flex cable 2.92 mm (K) connector, male-female, 120 cm long MMC-50Q-MF-80050 GHz precision flex cable 2.4 mm (Q) connector, male-female , 80 cm long MMC-50Q-MF-120050 GHz precision flex cable 2.4 mm (Q) connector, male-female , 120 cm long MMC-67V-MF-80067 GHz precision flex cable 1.85 mm (V) connector, male-female, 80 cm long MMC-67V-MF-120067 GHz precision flex cable 1.85 mm (V) connector, male-female, 120 cm long MMC-110A-MF-250110 GHz precision flex cable 1 mm (A) connector, male-female, 25 cm longMPI Global PresenceDirect contact:Asia region: ****************************EMEA region: ******************************America region: ********************************MPI global presence: for your local support, please find the right contact here:/ast/support/local-support-worldwide© 2023 Copyright MPI Corporation. All rights reserved.[1] [2][3] REFERENCESParameter may vary depending upon tip configuration and pitch.R. B. Marks and D. F. Williams, "Characteristic impedance determination using propagation constant measu -rement," IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 1, pp. 141-143, June 1991.D. F. Williams and R. B. Marks, "Transmission line capacitance measurement," Microwave and Guided WaveLetters, IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 243-245, 1991.AdaptersHigh-In addition, high-quality RF and high-end mm-wave range adapters are offered to address challenges ofregular system reconfiguration and integration with different type of test instrumentation. MRA-NM-350F RF 11 GHz adapter N(male) - 3.5 (male), straight MRA-NM-350M RF 11 GHz adapter N(male) - 3.5 (female), straightMPA-350M-350F Precision 26 GHz adapter 3.5 mm (male) - 3.5 mm (female), straight MPA-350F-350F Precision 26 GHz adapter 3.5 mm (female) - 3.5 mm (female), straight MPA-350M-350M Precision 26 GHz adapter 3.5 mm (male) - 3.5 mm (male), straight MPA-292M-240F Precision 40 GHz adapter 2.92 mm (male) - 2.4 mm (female), straight MPA-292F-240M Precision 40 GHz adapter 2.92 mm (female) - 2.4 mm (male), straight MPA-292M-292F Precision 40 GHz adapter 2.92 mm (male) - 2.92 mm (female), straight MPA-292F-292F Precision 40 GHz adapter 2.92 mm (female) - 2.92 mm (female), straight MPA-292M-292M Precision 40 GHz adapter 2.92 mm (male) - 2.92 mm (male), straight MPA-240M-240F Precision 50 GHz adapter 2.4 mm (male) - 2.4 mm (female), straight MPA-240F-240F Precision 50 GHz adapter 2.4 mm (female) - 2.4 mm (female), straight MPA-240M-240M Precision 50 GHz adapter 2.4 mm (male) - 2.4 mm (male), straight MPA-185M-185F Precision 67 GHz adapter 1.85 mm (male) -1.85 mm (female), straight MPA-185F-185F Precision 67 GHz adapter 1.85 mm (female) -1.85 mm (female), straight MPA-185M-185M Precision 67 GHz adapter 1.85 mm (male) -1.85 mm (male), straight MPA-185M-100FPrecision 67 GHz adapter 1.85 mm (male) -1.00 mm (female), straightDisclaimer: TITAN Probe, QAlibria are trademarks of MPI Corporation, Taiwan. StatistiCal is a trademark of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Data subject to change without notice.。
DMARDs的临床应用
艾得辛抑制MMP-1和MMP-3
MMP-1
MMP-3
ng/ml ng/ml
*
*
*
*
*
Ⅲ期临床试验患者血样MMP的检测提示，艾得辛显著 抑制RA患者的MMP-1 和MMP-3。
Du F et al. Int Immunolpharmarco 2012 online first
艾得辛抑制MMP-1和MMP-3
几种DMARDs对比在机理上的异同
T淋巴细胞 B淋巴细胞 成骨细胞
破骨细胞
CIA炎症 MMP-1 MMP-3
艾得辛
来氟米特
影响较小
明显抑制，作用 强于LEF和MTX
促进成骨 细胞分化 抑制破骨细胞生 成，不影响细胞
增殖
明显抑制
明显抑制
抑制T淋巴细胞 增殖
抑制，但不明显
无明显作用
抑制破骨细胞生 成，影响细胞增
Schett, G. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 8, 656–664 (2012)
2012EULAR
艾得辛抑制破骨细胞生成和骨吸收
H. Murao研究了艾得辛在体外对破骨细胞生成的影响， 并与其他DMARDs进行对比，结果发现： •艾得辛呈剂量依赖性的显著抑制TRACP(一种磷酸酶)的活性， 但不影响细胞的增殖，它还降低TRACP阳性的多核细胞的数 量 •艾得辛抑制了成熟破骨细胞的骨吸收活性 •艾得辛通过抑制NFATc1的表达来抑制破骨细胞的生成和骨 吸收，与其他DMARD不同，这种抑制并没阻止细胞增殖(来 氟米特和MTX都抑制细胞增殖)
早期联合DMARDs
改善病情
DMARDs单药或联合 慢作用药
单药DMARDs 对症
二线药
DET3 Contractor Series地球电阻测试器说明书
DET3 Contractor Series3-Terminal Earth/Ground Resistance Testerss 2and 3 point testingsART (Attached Rod Technique) testing capabilitys User selectable test voltage (25/50 V)s Choice of digital or analog display s Warning indicators prevent test failure s IP54 ratedsComplete with leads, stakes and rugged carry casesSimple one button operationDET3 Contractor Series Earth/Ground Resistance TestersDESCRIPTIONMegger’s already popular 3-terminal ground testing instrument family includes the following models:Model DescriptionDET3TD For basic requirements it provides digital ground testing and bond testing capabilities DET3TCThe revolutionary new model with thecapability of testing on-site grounds without disconnecting the utility connection.The DET3TC includes a current measuring function for ART (Attached Rod Technique) testing capabilities. With this added function, on-site grounds can be tested separately without having to remove the utilityconnection (as explained further in this document).The complete kit of instrument, test leads,stakes, batteries and calibration certificate isdelivered in a tough polypropylene carry case –everything you need tostart testing in one package. Optional terminal adapters are available for acceptance of a variety of test leads.All models are rated to IP54, making them truly outdoor instruments. They are designed to meet stringent safety standards and are rated CAT IV 100V.The ground testers have been designed to be easy to use – a large selector switch makes selection of 2 or 3 pole tests easy with gloved hands – and the design makes the fitting ofshorting links to perform 2-pole tests a thing of the past. A large, clear, easy to read LCD and thumb-sized test button also make the instruments particularly well suited to the outdoor conditions of ground testing. In addition to this ease of use feature, the ground tester automatically checks the connection and conditions of the P spike, C spike, and also the level of ground noise, indicating the status on the display. The instruments also include a voltmeter to enable measurement of ground voltage. They can measureresistance from 0.01 ohms to 2 k Ω.Also, to allow accurate testing in noisy environments, the instruments are capable of rejecting noise up to 40V peak to peak.The Megger ground testers are powered by eight AA batteries which are widely available and also give excellent testing time – the status of these batteries isgiven by a bar graph on the LCD, allowing the operator to decide when to change the batteries before they expire. By using the optional ICLAMP with the DET3TC, the user can augment the traditional fall-of-potential measurement method with ART (Attached Rod Technique), which allows electrode testing without disconnection and also leakagecurrent measurements down to 0.5 mA.Using ART method with the DET3TCto test commercial ground withoutdisconnecting the system1981DET3 Contractor Series Earth/Ground Resistance TestersAPPLICATIONSProper grounding provides many varied benefits to both people and facilities. It lessens the chance of injury due to faulty installation, reduces the likelihood of damage from lightning strikes and induced voltages, improves the performance of computer, communication and other sensitive equipment and protects against static electricity from friction. Over time, ground systems can degrade or become ineffective.Corrosion and weather influences exert mechanical strain on ground rods and cause metallic corrosion. Catastrophic events like lightning strikes or large fault currents can cause instant degradation. In addition, facility expansion can create different ground system needs.The risks from ground system deterioration include potentially deadly electrical shock situations, plant-wide equipment damage, disruption in the performance of sensitive equipment and heat build-up on a single piece of electrical equipment.The maintenance of an adequate low resistance ground connection is essential to both the protection and performance of any electrical system. Ground testing should be performed both upon installation, to meet design specification, and periodically thereafter in order to maintain service. All models can also perform bonding tests (using an ac signal), to determine that adequate connection has been made from equipment to the grounding system. Furthermore, the addition of a built-in current clamp capability enables the testing of attached grounds (ART) without lifting the utility connection.Selection is easy. For basic requirements, DET3TD affords ground testing and bond testing capabilities. Applications to systems that have been connected to the utility feed are simplified with model DET3TC, where a built-in clamp input permits individual components of an expanded system to be separately measured without extra calculations.Grounding electrodes from simple to complex systems can be tested, including:s Primary and secondary electrical grounding systemss Utility pole groundss Lightning protection systemss Residential groundss Machinery safety groundss Computer and communication system groundss EMI/RFI system groundss Antenna and pedestal groundss CATV system grounds FEATURES AND BENEFITSs Microprocessor control for improved error detections Clear, unambiguous warnings and error indications ensure the reliability of the reading and reduce test time s Simple to use, one touch operation improves efficiency s User selectable test voltage ensures that the units can be used in agricultural environmentss Rugged, weatherproof case to IP54 makes the units truly outdoor instrumentss Large, clear LCD that can be read in ambient lightings Noise rejection to 40 V pk to pk allows accurate testing in noisy environmentss Testing kits and certificates supplied—everything needed to start testing immediatelys Accuracy of 2% of reading enhances reliability of measurementss Clamp model for Attached Rod Technique allows the testing of the rod without the need for disconnection.s Voltmeter function included allows you to measure the ground voltage and enhances operator safetys CAT IV 100V provides increased operator safety inoutdoor environmentsModel DET3TC shown performing the classic fall-of-potential test method.DET3 Contractor Series Earth/Ground Resistance TestersSPECIFICATIONSResistance range:0.01 to 2000 autorangingResistance accuracy:2P measurements2% ±3 digits3P measurements2% ±3 digitsART measurements5% ±3 digitsMaximum probe resistanceRp limit:100kΩ(50V output voltage)Rc limit:100kΩ(50V output voltage)Limits reduced to 50kΩfor 25V output voltageLimits reduced to 5kΩfor 0.01 ΩresolutionEarth voltage range:0–100 VEarth voltage accuracy:2% ±2 V2- and 3-wire test:YesART(Attached Rod Technique):DET3TCGround current range (with current measuring clamp):0.5 mA to 19.9 AGround current accuracy:5% ±3 digitsDisplay:LCDTest frequency:128 HzTest voltage: 25 V or 50 V, user selectable (factory setting 50V) Test current: 450 micro-ampsNoise rejection:40V pk to pkNoise check:AutomaticC spike check:AutomaticP spike check:AutomaticMaximum current loop resistance: 100 k-ohms at 50V,50 k-ohms at 25 V and 5 k-ohms for 0.01 ohm resolution for readings below 19 ohmsMaximum voltage probe resistance: 100 k-ohms at 50V,50 k-ohms at 25 V and 5 k-ohms for 0.01 ohm resolution for readings below 19 ohmsBattery type:81.5 V AA cellsBattery life:3hours, 700 consecutive testsSafety:EN61010-1 CAT IV 100 VTerminals: 4mm plug type (test leads)Ingress protection:IP54EMC: Meets the requirements of EN61326-1:1998 for use inheavy industrial areasDimensions: 8x5.7 x 3.2 in. (203 x 148 x 78 mm)Weight: 2.2 lb (1 kg)Operating temperature range:-5º to +131º F (-15º to +55º C) Storage temperature range:-40º to +158º F (-40º to +70º C) Humidity: 95% RH non-condensing at 104º F(40º C)Standards ComplianceComplies with the requirements of KEMA K85B.Complies with the following parts of EN61557, “Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 Vd.c. - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring ofprotective measures”.Part 1 - General requirementsPart 5 - Resistance to earth Each instrument comes complete with three leads, two test spikes, instruction manual CD, and a rugged carrying case, (current measuring clamp, shown, is an optional accessory for performing the ART testingcapability using the DET3TC.)Terminal Adapters areoptional accessories usedto allow the units’ terminalsto accept alternative cableconnections.DET3 Contractor Series Earth/Ground Resistance TestersART (ATTACHED ROD TECHNIQUE)TESTING CAPABILITYThe DET3TC includes the additional testing capability that we have termed ART,for Attached Rod Technique.A nagging problem with traditional ground testing has been the requirement to “lift” (i.e., disconnect) the utility connection. Once the grounding conductor (the main conductor that connects the facility to the ground rod or grid) has been attached to the grounding electrode, the utility ground becomes a parallel resistance. The utility neutral is typically bonded to the ground bus at the service entrance and this connection, during a ground test, causes test current to flow back through the utility ground as well as through the test electrode. Test current divides according to Law of Parallel Resistance, but the tester makes its measurement based on total current flow. The reading is the combined parallel resistance of the on-site ground and the utility protection. This is a valid measurement, but not of the test electrode exclusively.This poses a considerable problem in many common testing situations. If a commissioning test were required to determine if design specifications had been met for a new facility, such a reading would be insufficient. Lightning protection requiring a short, straight path into the earth, could also not be properly validated. But lifting the utility connection poses several problems, not the least of which is the breaking of what is often a welded bond, in addition to the temporary loss of protection.Clamp-on ground testers, which measure ground resistance by clamping around the rod and inducing a test current onto it, are only a limited solution. They can accurately measure resistance of a single rod in a parallel system by inducing the test current onto the clamped rod and utilizing all the parallel grounds as the return. Collectively, these returns, typically the multiple grounds of the utility, contribute little to the loop measurement. This is essentially the reverse of the operation of a traditional tester, which uses the current probe as the return while current “goes to ground” through all parallels collectively. This technique solves the problem of separately measuring an attached rod, but leaves the problem that it cannot be proven.A clamp-on measurement has to be accepted on faith and its reliability is based squarely on the knowledge and experience of the operator,leaving a large margin for “human error.” In complex, multiply connected grids and other grounding schemes, return paths may exist that are entirely metallic, not including earth at all. The clamp-on test current will circulate through such paths and give a reading, essentially a continuity reading of the grid structure having nothing to do with soil resistance. Such readings will be low, and appear to the uninformed as acceptable grounds. The responsibility for making these determinations falls squarely on the operator.But even when properly addressed, there is no way of demonstrating the competence of the readings to a third party, such as a client. They must simply be accepted.The ART testing capability combines the advantages of both of these technologies to produce a method that can reliably measure an attached ground, and prove it! Abuilt-in clamp input, used in conjunction with the optional ICLAMP accessory, connected below the point of separation of the parallel test currents, measures only the current flowing through the test ground, not that going back through the utility. This current value is then used by the microprocessor to calculate ground resistance, strictly in accordance with Fall of Potential or its derivative procedures, supported by IEEE Standard 81 for proper ground testing, and subject to the appropriate proofs.The ART method employs leads and probes just as does any traditional tester. Ground resistance can be profiled and graphed by moving the potential probe against the position of the current probe, and a Fall of Potential graph, Slope Method mathematical proof, or any of the other proven methods utilized to demonstrate theaccuracy of the test. The only thing different from the operation of a familiar, traditional ground tester is that the clamp permits separation of the test currents in an attached or otherwise parallel-grounded system. This technique enables local grounds to be tested withoutlifting the utility connection, yet with the ease, reliabilityand confidence of a separate commissioning test.Current measuring clamp (inset)for ART testing capabilityDET3 Contractor Series Earth/Ground Resistance TestersISO STATEMENTRegistered to ISO 9001:2000 Reg no. Q 09250Registered to ISO 14001 Reg no. EMS 61597DET3SERIES_DS_USen_Megger is a registered trademarkUKArchcliffe Road, Dover CT17 9EN EnglandT +44 (0) 1 304 502101 F +44 (0) 1 304 207342******************UNITED STATES 4271 Bronze WayDallas, TX 75237-1019 USA T 1800 723 2861 (USA only) T +1 214 333 3201 F +1 214 331 7399******************OTHER TECHNICAL SALES OFFICES Täby SWEDEN, Norristown USA,Sydney AUSTRALIA, Toronto CANADA,Trappes FRANCE, Kingdom of BAHRAIN,Mumbai INDIA, Johannesburg SOUTH AFRICA, and Chonburi THAILANDDeluxe Kit,Cat. No. 250581Set of three color-coded test leads, 25, 50, 100 ft. (8, 15, 30 m); two 20-in.(51 cm) ground rods;padded case to holdinstrument, leads and rodsStandard Kit, Cat. No. 250579Three color-coded test leads, 25, 50, 100 ft. (8, 15, 30 m); two 20-in.(51 cm) ground rods;canvas accessory case for leads and rods only Standard KitCat. No. EV6310-755Hammer, 2.5 lb (1.13 kg);four galvanized steel spikes, 0.5 in. (12 mm);two spike extractors; four leads in carrying caseOPTIONAL ACCESSORY KITSProfessional Kit Cat. No. 6320-245Red, black, yellow, green cable reels (50 m); earth electrode leads (4 m green, 4 mm shrouded plug and large croc clip);4auger-style spikes;molded polyethylene carrying case; fiberglass measuring tape, 50 m。
Instruction Manual PK15 Differential Pressure Tran
Instruction ManualPK15 DifferentialPressureTransducerhalstrup-walcher GmbHStegener Straße 10D-79199 KirchzartenGermanyPhone: +49 (0) 76 61/39 63–0Fax: +49 (0) 76 61/39 63–99E-Mail: *************************Internet: Document 7100.005624 11/2015Instruction Manual PK15Table of Contents1Safety precautions (4)1.1 Appropriate use (4)1.2 Shipping, assembly, electrical connections and start-up (4)1.3 Troubleshooting, maintenance, repairs, disposal (4)1.4 Symbols (5)2Instrument description (6)3 Start-up (6)3.1 Features (6)3.2Supply voltage connections in the instrument: (7)4 Calibrating the zero point (8)5 Adjusting the switching outputs (8)6Troubleshooting (9)7 Technical data (10)8 Dimension drawings (12)Instruction Manual PK15Purpose of instruction manualThis instruction manual describes the features of the PK15 differential pressure transducer and provides guidelines for its use.Improper use of this instrument or failure to follow these instructions may cause injury or equipment damage. All individuals responsible for operating this instrument must therefore be properly trained and aware of the hazards, and must carefully follow these operating instructions and the safety precautions detailed within. Contact the manufacturer if you do not understand any part of this instruction manual. Handle this manual with care:∙It must be readily available throughout the lifecycle of the instrument.∙It must be provided to any individuals who assume responsibility for operating the instrument at a later date.∙It must include any supplementary materials provided by the manufacturer.The manufacturer reserves the right to continue developing this instrument model without documenting such development in each individual case. The manufacturer will be happy to determine whether this manual is up-to-date.ConformityThis instrument corresponds to the state of the art and meets all legal requirements set forth in EC directives as evidenced by the CE label.© 2005The manufacturer owns the copyright to this instruction manual. This manual contains data, instructions and drawings pertaining to the features and usage of this instrument; copying this manual in part or in full or distributing it to third parties is prohibited.Instruction Manual PK151 Safety precautions1.1 Appropriate useIn addition to differential pressure data, the PK15 differential pressure transducer also records positive and negative overpressures.Always observe the operating requirements—particularly the permissible supply voltage—indicated on the rating plate and in the “Technical data” section of this manual.The instrument may only be handled as indicated in this manual. Modifications to the instrument are prohibited. The manufacturer is not liable for damages caused by improper use or failure to follow these instructions. Violations of this type render all warranty claims null and void.1.2 Shipping, assembly, electrical connections and start-upDo not close the pressure input ports when shipping, as changes in barometric pressure could damage instruments with low measuring ranges.Only technical personnel who are appropriately trained and authorized by the operator of the facility may assemble the instrument and set up its electrical connections.The instrument may only be operated by appropriately trained individuals who have been authorized by the operator of the facility.Pressurized air or breath is not to be used for performance tests, as this could damage instruments with low measurement ranges.Measurement errors may occur if the instrument is not kept protected from sunlight. Specific safety precautions are given in individual sections of this manual.1.3 Troubleshooting, maintenance, repairs, disposalThe individual responsible for the electrical connections must be notified immediately if the instrument is damaged or if errors occur that cannot be corrected as indicated in section 6.This individual must take the instrument out of service until the error has been corrected and ensure that it cannot be used unintentionally.Always switch off the power to the instrument before opening!This instrument requires no maintenance.The electronic components of the instrument contain environmentally hazardous materials and materials that can be reused. For this reason the instrument must beInstruction Manual PK15recycled in accordance with the environmental guidelines of the jurisdiction in question once it has been taken permanently out of service.1.4 SymbolsThe symbols given below are used throughout this manual to indicate instances when improper operation could result in the following hazards:WARNING! This warns you of a potential hazard that could lead to bodily injury up to and including death if the corresponding instructions are not followed.WARNING: This warns you of a potential hazard that could lead to significant property damage if corresponding instructions are not followed.INFORMATION: This indicates that the corresponding information is important for operating the instrument properly.Instruction Manual PK152 Instrument descriptionThe PK15 pressure transducer is a pneumatic, electrical sensor for measuring overpressures, vacuum pressures and differential pressures. As well as an output signal proportional to the pressure, it also includes a floating contact point (two floating contact points are also an option). Typical applications include, for instance, the monitoring of filters in air-conditioning and ventilation ducts. At the heart of the transducer is a pressure measurement capsule with a beryllium bronze membrane spring, which is displaced by the pressure difference between the two chambers of the measurement capsule. Inductive displacement transducers measure membrane deflection without contacting the membrane. The instrument has no frictional parts or parts subject to mechanical wear.3 Start-up3.1 FeaturesAlthough the PK 15 pressure transducer is highly robust, it is nevertheless a precision instrument and should be handled with care. Avoid mounting the PS11/PK11 in the direct vicinity of any sources of heat or radiation. Ideally, the instrument should be mounted vertically (pressure and vacuum ports should be pointing down) and on a wall not subject to vibration.When connecting pressure to the transducer, use the following table to ensure that the sign of the pressure (+ or -) is correct.Instruction Manual PK153.2 Supply voltage connections in the instrument:The supply voltage should be connected at the terminal (11..13). The pressure transducer is protected against reverse polarity of the supply voltage.The output signal is available on the signal terminals (1…2). The output voltage is protected against short circuits for a short period.The floating relay outputs should be connected as illustrated in figure 1.Fig. 1Observe the required supply voltage (see rating plate).Instruction Manual PK154 Calibrating the zero pointPlease remember that it takes roughly 30 to 60 minutes for the pressuretransducer to warm up after it is switched on. The output signal may notremain stable during this period.It is recommended that the zero point after a long operating time (approximately 6 months) is checked and if necessary calibrate it again.The zero point can be calibrated with the aid of potentiometer 0 after the pressure transducer has warmed up. The following table may be used to look up the value to which the analogue output must be set when the ports are open; this value is5 Adjusting the switching outputsSwitching outputs should be set using the potentiometers for switching outputs 1 and 2. The relay contact points should be connected as illustrated in figure 1.Switching outputs cannot be set across the entire measurement range for instruments with ± ranges. Only the positive or negative range can be set at any one time, which can be done using the LB5 and LB7 solder bridges.Example:measurement range → ±5 V with two relays;Switching output 1 for the positive range → LB7 encoded to +Switching output 2 for the negative range → LB5 encoded to -Instruction Manual PK15 6 Troubleshooting- Fig. 2 - troubleshootingInstruction Manual PK15 7 Technical dataInstruction Manual PK15Appendix A: Parts in contact with measurement medium∙ Beryllium bronze CuBe2 ∙ Araldite CY236 / HY988∙ Mu metal (nickel alloy) ∙ Loctite 242e∙ Brass CuZn39Pb3 ∙ Carbonyl iron∙ Aluminium AlCuMgPb / AlMg3 ∙ KEL (FPM: fluorinated rubber) ∙ Silicon (tubing), optional: Viton ∙ Vepuran Vu 4457/51∙ Crastin (PTBP) ∙ UHU-Plus endfest 300 binder。
五星科技产品目录说明书
5663685961898060668891877983694470727576777471738586845562825257658149425453506458474348516790123456789101113141516171820222324252631282950302732333435363739404112781638194321444546ITEM NO.PART NUMBERDESCRIPTIONQTY.159-0599BALL 1/2 HIGH PRECISION S301210000048200FITG PC3/8F NPT3/8M STR BRASS 2358-1122FITG COUPLER 3/8 FNPT X 3/8 FNPT 1458-3644NIPPLE 3/8 NPT X 2 1/2 BRASS 1510000008567S SEAL 17MM X 47MM X 7MM S1S 1658-0287NIPPLE 1/2 NPT X 1 1/2 HEX BRASS1710000044227NIPPLE 1/2 NPT X 16 GALV1810000068144FITG NPT3/8M NPT3/8F STR ORIFICE BMT1959-22291/2 NPT SWING VALVE11010000042562FITG HOSE BARB5/8 NPT1/2M STR BRASS 11159-1364A COMP SPRNG .39OD 1.6LG .028 WIRE 1.3RATE 11258-2269AIR MUFFLER NPT-3/8-M EXTENDED BRONZE 11310000022983SPRING COMP 1.000 OD X 2.00 L 410LB/IN61410000041442QUAD-RING 2-439 BUNA 11510000088072TURRET PISTON BMT6511610000030324THRUST WASHER BMT INDEXER 21710000030898SPACER 1.125OD .75ID 1.125L STEEL 21810000081555GEAR SPUR 16DP 108T .625FACE11920-10366SHAFT TURRET GEAR22010000030833GEAR SPUR 16DP 80T X 24T .625FACE .747ID22110000081551LIVE TOOL TORQUE ARM BMT6512210000046080GASKET TURRET REAR COVER BMT6512357-11642O-RING 2-116 BUNA 22440-1662SHCS 1/2-13 X 2 1/422548-0040DOWEL PIN 3/8 X 122610000016703GASKET GEARED LIVE DRIVE MOTOR22757-0263O-RING 2-122 BUNA22810000081618LIVE TOOL RADIAL ALIGN BUSHING BMT22957-0083O-RING 2-112 BUNA33045-0038WASHER 5/16 HARD 11/32ID X 3/4OD63110000009639DOWEL PIN 1/2 X 3 1/223210000081392SPRING COMP 0.72 OD X .88 L 114 LB/IN23359-2055BALL 3/8 STEEL 13446-1665NUT 1/2-13 JAM 13544-0020SSS 1/2-13 X 1 FLAT PT 13620-10391SPACER GEAR THIN 23710000031417TURRET PISTON COVER BMT6513857-0253O-RING 2-262 BUNA 13910000003655O-RING 2-349 BUNA SHORE A 7014010000005669O-RING 2-342 BUNA 14148-1755DOWEL PIN 1/2 X 214210000067476TURRET TOOL DISC BMT65 24 MACH14340-16385SHCS 5/16-18 X 3/4294410000081559TURRET HOUSING COVER BMT65 MACH14510000021572SRVOMTR YASK SGMSV-3014662-10011SRVOMTR YASK SIGMA-5 09 W/O BRAKE 14710000068367TURRET NUMBER PLATE BMT-65 24 STATION14840-1985BHCS 5/16-18 X 1/2 ZINC PLATED 44910000064873TURRET TOOL STATION DEBRIS PLUG BMT65125040-0084SHCS 5/16-18 X 1 W/BLUE LOCTITE 125110000031994LIVE TOOL GUIDE BRACKET BMT65 MACH15210000002298R BRG RAD BALL M90-140-2415310000032082LIVE TOOL RETAINING COLLAR BMT6515410000033122R SEAL 4.247 X 4.689 X 0.238 RS 15545-1600WASHER 5/16 SPLT LOCK PLTMED145640-1715SHCS 5/16-18 X 1 1/265710000009608O-RING 2-160 BUNA15810000081527LIVE TOOL DRIVE 6000 RPM BMT6515910000046777R BRG RAD BALL M30-47-916010000046829RTNG RING 1.850 INT BASIC 16110000053252WAVE SPRING SINGLE 47MM 15.28 LB 16210000066201SPRING BELVIL 90.5 X 114 X 2.45MM 16310000081557LIVE TOOL TORQUE TUBE BMT6516448-1661DOWEL PIN 5/16 X 1 1/426510000064866LIVE TOOL SHIM BMT-65 .007"16610000081614O-RING 2-139 BUNA 16748-0019DOWEL PIN 1/4 X 5/816810000081297RTNG RING 2.375 EXT BASIC16910000012347O-RING 2-113 BUNA 17046-1670NUT 1-14 JAM 17157-0070O-RING 2-114 VITON17210000043391TURRET CNLT NOZZLE ADAPTER BMT6517310000042884TURRET CNLT NOZZLE BMT6517410000042863TURRET CLNT NOZZLE HOUSING BMT6517558-5107BALL VALVE NPT-3/4-F X NPT-3/4-M 17610000068662BALL VALVE TEE HANDLE 3/417710000069285SPRING COMP 0.850 OD X 1.25 L 23LB/IN 17810000042879CLNT MANIFOLD NPT 1/2 X 2 PORT ST17910000041239O-RING 2-347 BUNA 18010000034795TURRET HOME FLAG BMT6518148-1662DOWEL PIN 1/2 X 118210000031653TURRET REAR SEAL RING BMT18357-2975O-RING 2-274 BUNA 18410000081561TURRET SHAFT PISTON BMT6518551-2036R BRG RAD BALL M120-180-2828610000033495SPACER LG BMT 18710000013635BEARING LOCKNUT AN-2418840-1801SHCS 8-32 X 3/848940-1640SHCS 10-32 X 1/2 ZINC PLATED2905811200SHCS SHCS 5/8-11 X 269169-1720PROX SW NC 2WR 1.0M WITH BRACKET1。
海康威视传输产品系列说明书
OPTICAL MODULENETWORK CABLESRECOMMENDED OPTIONSWIRELESS BRIDGEAGGREGATION & CORE ETHERNET SWITCHINDUSTRIAL POE ETHERNET SWITCH≤ 100-ch IPCTypeModel Aggregation switchDS-3E0524TFAccess switch DS-3E01(3)xxP-E(B)Access switchDS-3E01(3)xxP-E/M(B)Access switch DS-3E05xxP-E Access switch DS-3E05xx-EOptical moduleHK-SFP-1.25G-1310-DF-MM100-ch < IPC ≤ 300-chTypeModel Aggregation switch DS-3E2528Access switch DS-3E13xxP-E Access switch DS-3E01(3)xxP-E(B)Access switch DS-3E05xxP-E Access switch DS-3E05xx-E Optical moduleHK-SFP-1.25G-20-1310HK-SFP-1.25G-20-1550300-ch < IPC ≤ 500-chType Model Core switch DS-3E3756TF Core switch DS-3E3740Aggregation switchDS-3E2528Access switch DS-3E23xxP-E Access switch DS-3E05xxP-E Access switch DS-3E01(3)xxP-E(B)Optical moduleHK-SFP-1.25G-20-1310HK-SFP-1.25G-20-1550ModelImageDescriptionHK-SFP-1.25G-20-1310TX 1310 nm/1.25G, RX 1550 nm/1.25G, LC, single mode and single fiber, 20 km, 0~70°C, SFPHK-SFP-1.25G-20-1550TX 1550 nm/1.25G, RX 1310 nm/1.25G, LC, single mode and single fiber, 20 km, 0~70°C, SFPHK-SFP-1.25G-1310-DF-MMTX 1310 nm/1.25G, RX 1310 nm/1.25G, LC, Multi mode and duplex fiber, 1 km, 0~70°C, SFPHK-SFP-1.25G-20-1310-DF TX 1310 nm/1.25G, RX 1310 nm/1.25G, LC, Single mode and duplex fiber, 20 km, 0~70°C, SFPHK-SFP+-10G-20-1270TX 1270 nm/10G, RX 1330 nm/10G, LC, single mode and single fiber, 20 km, 0~70°C, SFP+HK-SFP+-10G-20-1330TX 1330 nm/10G, RX 1270 nm/10G, LC, single mode and single fiber, 20 km, 0~70°C, SFP+Outdoor wireless bridgeElevator wireless bridgeModelDS-3WF01C-2N/ODS-3WF02C-5N/ODS-3WF03CDS-3WF0AC-2NTDS-3WF01C-2NDescriptionSupports point-to-point &point-to-multipoint;Range up to 3 km; 802.11 b/g/n, Built-in 12 dBiantenna up to 150 Mbps; Output power 27 dBm; Angle Horizontal: 60° Vertical: 30°; IP65;Supports point-to-point & point-to-multipoint; Range up to 5 km; 802.11 a/n, Built-in 10 dBi 2×2 MIMO antenna up to 300 Mbps; Output power 24 dBm; Angle Horizontal: 60° Vertical: 16°; IP65;Supports point-to-point & point-to-multipoint; Range up to 15 km; 802.11a/n, Built-in 15dBi 2×2 MIMO antenna with 300 Mbps; Output power 27 dBm; Angle Horizontal: 40° Vertical: 15°; IP65;Supports point-to-point, distance 100 m; IEEE 802.11b/g/n, Built-in 8dBi antenna; Output power 20 dBm; Angle Horizontal: 60° Vertical: 30°; Working temperature: -30 ~65°C; Plug and play, no initial setting;Supports point-to-point, distance 500 m; IEEE 802.11b/g/n, Built-in 6dBi antenna; Output power 27 dBm; Angle Horizontal: 65° Vertical: 60°; Working temperature: -30 ~65°C;Plug and play, no initial setting;ModelDS-1LN5E-SDS-1LN6-UUDS-1LN5E-E/EDS-1LN6-UE-WDescriptionUTP CAT 5E, 305 meters Core diameter: 0.5 mm Solid copper,CM,grayUTP CAT 6, 305 meters Core diameter: 0.565 mm Solid copper, CM, orangeUTP CAT 5E, 305 meters Core diameter: 0.45 mm Solid copper, CMX,grayUTP CAT 6, 305 meters, Core diameter: 0.53 mm Solid copper, CM,whiteModelDS-3E0524TFDS-3E2528DS-3E3740DS-3E3756TFManagement Unmanaged Full-managed Full-managed Full-managed Ports12 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 12 × Gigabit SFP ports24 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 4 × Gigabit SFP ports32 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 8 × 10G SFP+ ports24 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 24 × Gigabit SFP ports 8 × 10G SFP+ portsPacket Forwarding Rate 35.7 Mpps 42 Mpps 136 Mpps 136 Mpps Switching Capacity 48 Gbps 56 Gbps 224 Gbps 256 GbpsMAC Address Table 16 K 8 K64 K64 KManagement Mode -Console, Telnet, SSH2.0, Web, SNMP v1/v2/v3, TFTP, RMONOther Software Features-STP, VLAN, Mirroring, IGMP Snoopingand IGMP v1/v2, L2/L3/L4 ACL, LACP,EAPS, ERPSSTP, VLAN, Mirroring, IGMP Snooping and IGMP v1/v2, L2/L3/L4 ACL, LACP, EAPS,Operating Temperature -5°C~50°C0°C~45°C0°C~45°C0°C~45°C Dimension (440 × 186.5 × 44.5) mm (440 × 230 × 45) mm (442.5 × 315 × 44) mm (442.5 × 350 × 44) mmPower SupplyModelELG-150-48AImageOutput Voltage 48 VRated Current 3.13 ARated Power 150 WOperating Temperature-40~90°CIP Rating IP65AccessoryOptional accessory for industrial PoEswitchIndustrial switchModelDS-3T0306PDS-3T0310PManagement UnmanagedUnmanagedPorts 4 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports2 × Gigabit uplink SFP ports 8 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit uplink SFP ports PoE Standards IEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atPoE Budget≤ 120 W ≤ 240 W Packet Forwarding Rate 3.6 Mpps 4.2 Mpps Switching Capacity 8.8 Gbps 8.8 Gbps MAC Address Table 4 K 4 K Surge Protection 2 KV 2 KV Operating Temperature -40°C~75°C -40°C~75°C Dimension(155 × 130 × 42) mm(170 × 156 × 42) mmUNMANAGED NON-POE ETHERNET SWITCHUNMANAGED POE ETHERNET SWITCHMANAGED POE ETHERNET SWITCHUNMANAGED SWITCHIEEE 802.3bt Standard Hi-PoE, Max. 90 W for One PortIEEE 802.3bt standard Hi-PoE port provides max. 90 W power supply for high power devices such as domes.Up to 300 m Long Range PoE TransmissionBased on all series of camera tests with Hikvisionnetwork cables, up to 300 m long range PoE transmission is provided.Intelligent PoE ManagementWhen the power supply exceeds the limit, PoE ports intelligently manage the power supply, which extends the switch lifetime.4/8-Core Adaptive Power Supply with Less Power Loss8-core power supply reduces the power loss on cables.6KV Surge Protection to Improve Reliability in Harsh EnvironmentThe built-in surge protection device protects the switch from the sudden lightning surge in harsh environment.Design for Video TransmissionVIP port ensures important data transmission when network congestion occurs.Hi-PoE SwitchesModelDS-3E0106HP-EDS-3E0310HP-EPorts1 × 10/100 Mbps Hi-PoE port 3 × 10/100 Mbps PoE ports2 × 10/100 Mbps RJ45 ports 1 × 10/100 Mbps Hi-PoE port 7 × 10/100 Mbps PoE ports 2 × Gigabit RJ45 ports PoE Standards Port 1: IEEE 802.3af, IEEE 802.3at, IEEE802.3btPorts 2 to 4: IEEE 802.3af, IEEE 802.3atPort 1: IEEE 802.3af, IEEE 802.3at, IEEE802.3btPorts 2 to 8: IEEE 802.3af, IEEE 802.3atPoE Budget 60 W 110 W Max. port PoE power Port 1: 60 W Ports 2 to 4: 30 W Port 1: 90 W Ports 2 to 8: 30 W PoE Extend Mode Max. 300 m, Port 1-4Max. 300 m, Port 1-8Packet Forwarding Rate 0.893 Mpps 4.166 Mpps Switching Capacity 1.2 Gbps 5.6 Gbps MAC Address Table 2 K 16 K Surge Protection 6 KV 6 KV Operating Temperature-10°C~55°C -10°C~55°CDimension(145 × 25.6 × 68.45) mm(217.6 × 27.8 × 103.35) mm10/100 Mbps SwitchesModelDS-3E0105P-E/M(B)DS-3E0109P-E/M(B)DS-3E0318P-E/M(B)DS-3E0326P-E/M(B)DS-3E0105P-E(B)DS-3E0109P-E(C)DS-3E0318P-E(B)DS-3E0326P-E(B)Ports4 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 1 × 10/100 Mbps uplink RJ45 port8 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 1 × 10/100 Mbps uplink RJ45 port16 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 1 × Gigabit uplink RJ45 port 1 × Gigabit uplink SFP port 24 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports1 × Gigabit uplink RJ45 port1 × Gigabit uplink SFP port4 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports1 × 10/100 Mbps uplink RJ45 port8 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports1 × 10/100 Mbps uplink RJ45 port16 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45 Ports and 2 SFP Ports)24 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45Ports and 2 SFP Ports)PoE Standards IEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atPoE Budget35 W60 W130 W230 W60 W115 W 230 W370 WPoE Extend Mode Max.300 m, Port 1-4Max. 300 m, Port 1-8Max. 300 m, Port 9-16Max. 300 m, Port 17-24Max 300 m, Port 1-4Max 300 m, Port 1-8Max. 300 m, Port 9-16Max. 300 m, Port 17-24Packet Forwarding Rate0.744 Mpps 1.34 Mpps 5.36 Mpps 6.55 Mpps 0.74 Mpps 1.34 Mpps 5.36 Mpps 6.55 Mpps Switching Capacity1 Gbps 1.8 Gbps 7.2 Gbps 8.8 Gbps 1 Gbps 1.8 Gbps 7.2 Gbps 8.8 Gbps MAC Address Table 1 K 2 K 4 K 4 K 1 K 2 K 4 K 4 K Surge Protection 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV Operating Temperature-10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C Dimension(105 × 27.6 × 83.1)mm(170 × 27.6 × 93.1) mm(266 × 44.5 × 220.8) mm(335 × 44.5 × 226) mm(105 × 27.6 × 83.1) mm(170 × 27.6 × 93.1) mm(440 × 44 × 220.8) mm(440 × 44 × 220.8) mmGigabit SwitchesModel DS-3E0505P-EDS-3E0510P-EDS-3E0518P-EDS-3E0526P-EPorts4 × Gigabit PoE RJ45 ports1 × Gigabit RJ45 port 8 × Gigabit PoE RJ45 ports 1 × Gigabit RJ45 port 1 × Gigabit SFP port 16 × Gigabit PoE RJ45 ports 1 × Gigabit RJ45 port 1 × Gigabit SFP port 24 × Gigabit PoE RJ45 ports 1 × Gigabit RJ45 port 1 × Gigabit SFP port PoE Standards IEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atPoE Budget60 W 110 W 230 W 370 W Packet Forwarding Rate 7.44 Mpps 14.88 Mpps 26.784 Mpps 38.688 Mpps Switching Capacity 10 Gbps 20 Gbps 36 Gbps 52 Gbps MAC Address Table 2 K 4 K 8 K 8 K Surge Protection6 KV 6 KV 6 KV 6 KV Operating Temperature-10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C-10°C~55°C -10°C~55°C Dimension(105 × 27.6 × 83.1) mm(217.6 × 27.8 × 108.55) mm(440 × 44 × 220.8) mm(440 × 44 × 220.8) mmModel DS-3E0105D-EDS-3E0108D-EDS-3E0505D-EDS-3E0508D-EDS-3E0508-EDS-3E0516-EDS-3E0524-EPorts 5 × 10/100 Mbps RJ45 ports 8 × 10/100 Mbps RJ45 ports 5 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 8 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 8 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 16 × Gigabit RJ45 ports 24 × Gigabit RJ45 portsSwitching Capacity 1 Gbps 1.6 Gbps 10 Gbps 16 Gbps 16 Gbps 32 Gbps 48 GbpsPacket Forwarding Rate 0.744 Mpps 1.1904 Mpps 7.44 Mpps 11.904 Mpps 11.9 Mpps 23.8 Mpps 35.7 MppsMAC Address Table 1 K 1 K 2 K 4 K 4 K 8 K 8 KSurge Protection ---- 4 KV 4 KV 4 KVOperating Temperature 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°CDimension (82 × 52 × 22.4) mm (124 × 59 × 23.2) mm (92.8 × 65.8 × 22.8) mm (142 × 90 × 23) mm (186.7 × 106.7 × 33.3) mm (440 × 178.8 × 44) mm (440 × 178.8 × 44) mmModel DS-3E1310P-EDS-3E1318P-EDS-3E1326P-EDS-3E2310PDS-3E2318PDS-3E2326PDS-3E2510PDS-3E2528PManagement Web-managed Web-managed Web-managed Full-managed Full-managed Full-managed Full-managed Full-managed Ports 8 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45 Ports and 2 SFP Ports)16 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45 Ports and 2 SFP Ports)24 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45 Ports and 2 SFP Ports)8 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45 Ports and 2 SFP Ports)16 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45 Ports and 2 SFP Ports)24 × 10/100 Mbps PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit comb ports (2 RJ45Ports and 2 SFP Ports)8 × Gigabit PoE RJ45 ports 2 × Gigabit SFP ports 24 × Gigabit PoE RJ45 ports 4 × Gigabit SFP ports PoE Standards IEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atIEEE 802.3af, IEEE802.3atPoE Budget 123 W 230 W370 W125 W 300 W 380 W 125 W 380 W PoE Extend Mode Max. 250 m, Port 1-8Max. 250 m, Port 1-16Max. 250 m, Port 1-24-----Packet Forwarding Rate 1.34 Mpps 5.36 Mpps 6.55 Mpps 5.6 Mpps 8.4 Mpps 9.6 Mpps 15 Mpps 42 Mpps Switching Capacity5.4 Gbps 7.2 Gbps 8.8 Gbps 10 Gbps 21.2 Gbps 22.8 Gbps 20 Gbps 56 Gbps MAC Address Table 4 K4 K4 K8 K8 K8 K8 K8 KManagement Mode SNMP v1/v2, WEB managementConsole, Telnet, SSH2.0, Web, SNMP v1/v2/v3, TFTP, RMONOther Software Features STP, VLAN, Mirroring, IGMP Snooping and IGMP v1/v2STP, VLAN, Mirroring, IGMP Snooping and IGMP v1/v2, L2/L3/L4 ACL, LACP, EAPS, ERPSSurge Protection 4 KV 4 KV 4 KV 4 KV 4 KV 4 KV 4 KV 4 KV Operating Temperature 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~40°C 0°C~45°C 0°C~45°C Dimension(294 × 165.8 × 44) mm(440 × 285 × 43) mm(440 × 285 × 43) mm(280 × 179 × 45) mm(440 × 232 × 44) mm(440 × 232 × 44) mm(280 × 179 × 45) mm(440 × 232 × 45) mm。
druck 电子压力仪 产品说明 说明书
DPI 610/615 Series is a Druck product.•Ranges -14.7 to 10,000 psi•Accuracy 0.025% full scale (FS) all ranges •Integral combined pressure/vacuum pump •Dual readout: input and output•4 to 20 mA loop test: auto step and ramp •Intrinsically safe (IS) version•RS232 interface and fully documenting version •Remote pressure sensorsFeaturesDruck PortablePressure CalibratorsDPI 610/615 SeriesThe technically advanced Druck DPI 610 and DPI 615portable calibrators are the culmination of many years of field experience with the company’s DPI 600 series.These self-contained, battery powered packages contain a pressure generator, fine pressure control, device energizing (not IS version) and output measurement capabilities, as well as facilities for 4 to 20 mA loop testing and data storage. The rugged weatherproof design is styled such that the pressure pump can be operated and test leads connected withoutcompromising the visibility of the large dual parameter display. The mA step and ramp outputs and a built-in continuity tester extend the capabilities to include the commissioning and maintenance of control loops.Setting the Standard for PortablePressure CalibratorsAccuracy0.025% FS for ranges 1 to 10,000 psiRanges 1 psi to 10,000 psi including gauge, absolute anddifferential versionsIntegral Pneumatic–22 inHg to 300 psiPressure SourceIntegral Hydraulic0 to 6000 psiPressure SourceMeasure Pressure, mA, V, switch state (open/closed) andambient temperatureOutput: Pressure, mA step, mA ramp, mA value Energizing Supplies10 and 24 VDC (not IS version)Data Storage92 KbytesDocumenting (DPI 615 only)Error analysis with pass/fail status and graphs.two-way PC communication for transferringprocedures and resultsRemote pressure sensors Up to 10 digitally characterized sensors percalibratorSimplified OperationThe key to simple operation is the Task Menu. Specific operating modes such as P-I, switch test and leak test are configured at the touch of a button by menu selection.Featuring highly reliable pneumatic and hydraulic assemblies and self-test routines, the DPI 610/615 Series can be relied upon time and time again for field calibration in the most extreme conditions.The DPI 610 and DPI 615 have been designed for ease of use while meeting a wide range of application needs including calibration, maintenance and commissioning. The Intrinsically Safe versions, certified to European and North American standards for use in hazardous areas,reduce response times to breakdowns and emergencies by removing the need for ’Hot Permits‘ and gas detection equipment. This gives peace of mind to all those responsible for safety within hazardous areas.The dual parameter display shows the Input and Output values in large clear digits. A unique built-in handle provides a secure grip for on-site use in addition to a shoulder strap which is also designed to allow the instrument to be suspended for hands-free operation.Any technician can use these calibrators without formal training, such as a novice on an emergency call out, or those familiar with the DPI 601. By selecting basic mode the calibrator is configured to source pressure and measure mA or V, with all non-essential keys disabled.Dedicated Task MenuThe dedicated task key gives direct access to the task menu. Select the required test, for example P-I for a pressure transmitter, and with a single key press, the calibrator is ready.Use the advanced mode for custom tasks and add to the user task menu for future use.Some of the CapabilitiesP mA V10 V*24 V*Switch°FMeasure __Source _ __P = PressureF = Local ambient temperature* = Not ISPressure Transmitter CalibrationThe P-I task configures the DPI 610/615 Series to simultaneously display the output pressure and the input current. The pressure unit can be chosen to suit the transmitter and a 24 V supply is available forloop-power (not IS version).For process transmitters reading in percentage use % span to scale the pressure accordingly.The DPI 610/615 Series pneumatic calibrator hand-pump can generate pressure from -12 to 300 psi. The volume adjuster gives fine pressure setting and the release valve also allows gradual venting for falling calibration points.A highly accurate and easy to use calibrator is only part of the solution for improving overall data quality and working efficiency. The DPI 610 and DPI 615, with data storage and RS232 interface, reduce calibration times and eliminate data recording errors. The DPI 615 also provides error analysis for field reporting of calibration errors and pass/fail status. In addition, procedures downloaded from a PC automatically configure the DPI 615 to pre-defined calibration and test routines. Improved performanceThe DPI 610/615 Series combine practical design with state-of-the-art performance, summarized as follows:Pressure Switch Testing and Leak TestingFor switch set-up and fault finding, the display shows the output pressure and switch state open or closed. Continuity is declared by an audible signal.Verify pressure switch performance using the automatic procedure. The DPI 610/615 Series displays the switch points and the contact hysteresis.Leak test will check for pressure leaks prior to calibration or during routine maintenance. Define the test times or use the defaults and wait… The DPI 610/615 Series will report the start and stop pressures, the pressure change and the leak rate.Take a ‘snapshot’ of the working display, all details are stored in a numbered location for later recall.Loop Testing and Fault FindingThe DPI 610/615 Series can generate a continuous mA step or mA ramp output, allowing a single technician to commission control loops.Feed the loop using mA step or mA ramp and at the control room, check the instrumentation.Use mA value E for alarm and trip circuit tests. Any mA output can be set and adjusted from the keypad.Comprehensive process features aid flow and level measurement and help with trouble shooting. Select tare, maximum/minimum, filter, flow or %span and the function will be applied to the input parameter.Save time fault finding, by leaving the DPI 610/615 Series to monitor system parameters. Use periodic data log or the maximum/minimum process function to captureintermittent events.Remote Pressure SensorsBy adding up to ten external sensors (one at a time) theworking ranges of the DPI 610 and DPI 615 can beextended. Modules from 1 inH2O to 10,000 psi areavailable to suit most applications.As a leading manufacturer of pressure sensors GE hasapplied the latest silicon technology and digitalcompensation techniques to develop these sensors. Reduce the burden imposed by quality systems such asISO 9000, simply store results in memory and leave bothpen and calibration sheet back at the office.•Low pressure•Pressure-to-pressure•Differential pressure•Wide range, high-accuracy•Test-point monitoring•To prevent cross contamination•To configure pneumatic calibrators for high pressure hydraulic systems•To configure hydraulic calibrators for low pressurepneumatic systemsDPI 615 Portable Documenting Pressure CalibratorThe DPI 615 adds powerful time saving and error eliminating features to the comprehensive functionality of the DPI 610. These include field error calculations with PASS/FAIL analysis and two way PC communications for downloading procedures and uploading results. Reporting Errors in the FieldThe DPI 615 calculates errors and reports the pass/fail status during field tests. Problems and failures can be analyzed graphically for immediate assessment and correction. This simple to use feature reduces calibration and maintenance times and eliminates human pleting the Paper TrailIt takes longer to fill out a calibration report, calculate the errors and assess the results than it does to calibrate the transmitter. With the DPI 615, documents can be quickly completed either on site or, at a more convenient time and location, by recalling the information from theDPI 615’s memory.Calibration Management SystemsWhen used in conjunction with calibration management software the DPI 615 greatly reduces the financial and resource burden imposed by quality systems such as ISO 9000. As work orders are issued, object lists and procedures are downloaded to the DPI 615. In the field these procedures configure the instrument for the tests. The errors and pass/fail status are reported and recorded in memory (as found or as left results) for later upload to the software. Calibration certificates can then be printed and plant maintenance systems updated. The whole documenting process is completed in a fraction of the time it takes using manual systems and without human error.For information on Intecal calibration software please visit . The DPI 615 is also compatiblewith many third party software systems.Remote sensors offer a cost-effective means of expanding the capabilities of the DPI 610 and DPI 615, for example in the following applications:DPI 610/615LP Low Pressure CalibratorVolume AdjusterDual piston for coarse/fine pressure setting Release ValveVent and controlled releasePressure Ports1/8 NPT femaleMediaNo corrosive gasesPlease refer to DPI 610/615 LP Series datasheet for fullspecification.DPI 610/615HC Hydraulic Calibrator Priming PumpFeeds from external sourceShut-off ValveOpen for system primingScrew Press0 to 6000 psi capabilityPressure Port1/8 NPT femaleMediaDimineralized water and most hydraulic oilsDPI 610/615I IndicatorRelease ValveVent and controlled releasePressure Port1/8 NPT femaleMediaMost common fluids compatible with stainless steelDPI 610/615 Specifications DPI 610/615PC Pneumatic CalibratorHand-Pump-22 inHg to 300 psi capabilityVolume AdjusterFine pressure adjustmentRelease ValveVent and controlled releasePressure Port1/8 NPT femaleMediaMost common gasesSpan Shift0.5%/500 psi of line pressure for differential ranges.Temperature Effects±0.002% reading/°F averaged over –15°F to 105°F and w.r.t. 68°F.Remote Sensor MediaStainless steel and hastelloy compatibility.Negative Differential: Stainless steel and quartz compatibility.Overpressure Safe to 2 x FSexcept (1) 500 psi maximum, (2) 9000 psi maximum,(3)5000 psi maximum(1), (2) and (3) refer to pressure range tablePressure Pneumatic HydraulicIndicator Remote Accuracy Range DPI 610PC/DPI 610HC/DPI 610I/Option % FS DPI 615PCDPI 615HC DPI 615I (B1)1 psi (-1) G —G G or D 0.0052.5 psi (-2.5) G —G G or D 0.0255 psi (-5) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.02510 psi (-10) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.02515 psi (-15) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.02530 psi (-15) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.02550 psi (-15) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.025100 psi (-15) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.025150 psi (-15) G or A —G or A G, A or D 0.025300 psi (-15) G orA (1)—G or A G, A or D 0.025500 psi (-15) ——G or A G,A or D 0.0251000 psi (-15) ——G or A G or A 0.0251500 psi ——SG or A SG or A 0.0252000 psi ——SG or A SG or A 0.0253000 psi —SG or A SG or A SG or A 0.0255000 psi —SG or A SG or A (3)SG or A 0.0256000 psi —SG or A (2)——0.02510000 psi ———SG or A0.025•Values in ( ) indicate negative calibration for gauge and differential ranges•A = Absolute, D = Differential (500 psi) line pressure, G = Gauge, SG = Sealed Gauge •(1), (2) and (3) refer to over pressure.•Accuracy is defined as non-linearity, hysteresis and repeatabilitySpecial FeaturesPressure Units25 scale units plus one user-defined mA stepContinuous cycle at 10 sec intervalsmA rampContinuous cycle with configurable end values and 60 second travel timeData logMulti-parameter with internal memory for 10,000 values.Variable sample period or log on key pressElectrical Inputs Input Range AccuracyResolution RemarksVoltage*±50 VDC±0.05% reading 100 :V Autoranging, > ±0.004% FSmaximum10 M S±30 VDC(IS version)Current*±55 mA±0.05% reading 0.001 mA10 S , 50 V ±0.004% FSmaximum(30 V maximum IS version)Temperature 15°F to 105°F ±2°F 0.2°FLocal ambient Switch Open/closed ____5 mA whetting*Temperature coefficient ±0.004% reading/°F wrt 68°FElectrical Outputs Output Range Accuracy ResolutionRemarks Voltage 10 VDC±0.1%__Maximum (Not IS load 10 mA version)24 VDC ±5%__Maximum load 26 mACurrent*0 to 24 mA±0.05% reading 0.001 mA__±0.1% FS*Temperature coefficient ±0.004% reading/°F wrt 68°FFor IS version Ui = 30 V maximum, Ii = 100 mA maximum, Pi = 1 W maximum and Uo = 7.9 V maximum.ElectricalFunctionmA Output4 to 20 mA linear 48121620____0 to 20 mA linear 05101520____4 to 20 mA flow 4581320____0 to 20 mA flow 0 1.25511.2520____4 to 20 mA valve3.844.212192021Pressure RangesThe DPI 610/615 PC, HC,LP and I include an integral sensor, the range of which should be specified from the list below. Up to 10 remote sensors (option B1) may also be ordered per calibrator.Power supply•Six 1.5 V 'C' cells, alkaline (up to 65 hours nominal use at 68°F. Rechargeable battery pack and charger are supplied as standard (20 hours nominal use)•Rechargeable batteries and charger/power supply not available for the IS version which uses alkaline batteries only.Options(A)Rechargeable Batteries and ChargerRechargeable battery pack (P/N 191-A022) and 110 VAC charger/power supply (P/N 191-A023). A 220 VAC charger/power supply is also available (P/N 191-129). (Not available for IS version)(B1)Remote Pressure SensorThe DPI 610/615 have a second pressure channel which can be configured with up to 10 remote sensors (one at a time). For ease of use the sensors are fitted with an electrical connector and 1/4 NPT female pressure port.Please refer to specifications for ranges and associated accuracy.At least one mating cable is required per DPI 610 when ordering remote pressure sensors _see Option (B2).(B2)Mating Cable for Remote SensorsA 6 ft mating cable for connecting remote sensors to the calibrator. At least one cable should be ordered when ordering Option (B1).(B3)Calibration of Special Remote Pressure Sensor(150 mV maximum) (Not available on IS version)(C)1/8 NPT Female AdaptorA stainless steel adaptor and bonded seal toconvert the standard G 1/8 female pressure port to 1/8 NPT female.(D1)Intecal for Industry (P/N Intecal-Ind)Developed to meet the growing demand on industry to comply with quality systems and calibration documentation. Test procedures are created in a Windows ®based application and devices into work orders for transfer to the DPI 325, DPI 335, DPI 605, DPI 615, TRX II and MCX II. Calibration results, are uploaded to the PC for analysis and to print calibration certificates.•Operating: 15°F to 120°F •Calibrated: 15°F to 105°F Humidity0 to 90%, non-condensing SealingGenerally to Type 12/IP54ConformityEN61010, EN50081-1, EN50082-1, CE marked Intrinsically safe version: Supplied certified for use in hazardous areasEEx ia IIC T4 certificate 2000.1003130To CAN/CSA-E79-11-95 and CAN/CSA E79-0-95 (Class 1,Division I, Groups A,B,C&D)PhysicalWeight: 6.6 lb, size: 11.8 in x 6.7 in x 5.5 inSnapshotPaperless notepad. Stores up to 20 complete displays Computer interface RS232Process functionsTare, maximum/minimum, filter, flow, % spanLanguageEnglish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish Power managementAuto power off, auto backlight off, battery low indicator and status on key pressDisplayPanel2.36 in to 2.36 in graphic LCD with backlight. (Backlight not available on IS version)Readout± 99999 capability, two readings per secondEnvironmentalTemperatureg©2006 GE. All rights reserved.920-107AAll specifications are subject to change for product improvement without notice.GE ®is a registered trademark of General Electric Co. Windows ®is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, which is not affiliated with GE, in the U.S. and other countries. Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies, which are not affiliated with GE.(P/N 7000-Intecal)Builds on the concept of Intecal for industry supporting both portable calibrators and on-line workshop instruments. Intecal is a simple-to-use calibration management software, which enables a high productivity of scheduling, calibration and documentation.Visit for more information and free download.(E1)Dirt/Moisture TrapWhere a clean/dry pressure media cannot beguaranteed the IDT 600 dirt/moisture trap prevents contamination of the DPI 610/615 pneumatic system and eliminates cross-contamination from one device under test to another.AccessoriesThe DPI 610 is supplied with carrying case, test leads,user guide and calibration certificate with data, asstandard. The DPI 610HC also has a 8 oz polypropylene fluid container and priming tube. (Alkaline batteries supplied for the IS version).Calibration StandardsInstruments manufactured by Druck are calibrated against precision equipment traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).Related Products•Portable field calibrators•Laboratory and workshop instruments •Pressure transducers and transmittersOrdering InformationStandard complete packages are available for ranges 5,30, 100 and 300 psig. These include user guide, test leads, pressure/vacuum pump, volume adjuster, release valve, carrying case, rechargeable battery pack and charger. When ordering, please state type, pressure range and “complete”, e.g. DPI 610 PC, range 30 psig complete.For other ranges please state the following (where applicable):1.DPI 610 type number i.e. DPI 610 PC. For IS version use the suffix 'S' after the basic model number,e.g. DPI 610S PC or DPI 610S I. (Intrinsically safe hydraulic version not available)2.Built-in pressure range; gauge or absolute.3.Options, including range for remote sensors.Options B1 and D should be ordered as separate line items .(D2)Intecal Calibration Management Software。
炎症因子与动脉硬化
炎症因子与动脉硬化【关键词】炎症因子（冠状）动脉硬化是慢性炎症反映，这在心血管疾病的研究中，正慢慢引发人们的关注。
高血压、糖尿病、脂蛋白紊乱及病原体感染等多种危险因子涉及了动脉慢性炎症的病理进程［1］。
了解这一炎症反映进程的发生、进展及增进因素，有助于预防并操纵冠心病的进展进程。
本文旨在讨论这一炎症进程中的介导因子的激活及在动脉硬化进程中的作用，别离与高血压、高血脂、糖尿病及感染性疾病的关系。
1 炎症介质的激活已证明活化能调剂多种炎症和免疫基因表达的重要转录因子NF-KB是动脉硬化的启动因子，Brand［2］利用单抗（mAb）辨识NF-KB P65亚基上I-KB结合区，发觉AS病灶粥瘤内膜、中膜的SMCs（血管滑腻肌细胞）、巨噬细胞、EC（内皮细胞）里面均有活化的NF-KB。
静息状态下，NF-KB与其抑制亚单位（IKB）结合与胞浆中，NF-KB的激活主若是通过降解IKB来实现的。
各类危险因子（高脂血症、高血糖、糖尿病、感染源等）通过细胞膜激活IKB激酶，使IKB磷酸化，然后与多个泛素结合，进而由蛋白激酶降解NF-KB游离于胞浆中，胞浆中的NF-KB易位至细胞核，与脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分子炎症反映调剂蛋白的基因中的启动因子区域NF-KB结合点相结合，调控各类炎症因子如肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、干扰素（IFN）、IL-一、IL-六、血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）、细胞间粘附分子（ICAM-1）、E-选择素趋化因子MCP-1等。
而IL-6通过放大白细胞的集聚而起到对局部炎症反映的刺激作用［3］。
伴随炎症反映到纤维增生进程，许多细胞（单核细胞、内皮细胞、滑腻肌细胞）都可产生IL-6，它激活AS斑块中的T淋巴细胞，后者产生干扰素，促使滑腻肌细胞（SMC）凋亡，增进斑块不稳固性，致使斑块破裂。
IL-6还调剂肝脏产生急性期蛋白（CRP），而CRP 已被证明在冠脉综合征中成心义［4，5］。
2 脂质紊乱与炎症介质Calare［6］等将人类LDL颗粒注入鼠模型中，发觉这些脂蛋白居住在动脉壁上，产生氧化修饰反映，同时伴有内皮细胞NF-KB依托性基因表达。
赛米控丹佛斯 SEMITRANS IGBT模块 SKM200GAL17E4 数据表
SEMITRANS ®3IGBT4 ModulesSKM200GAL17E4Features•IGBT4 = 4. generation medium fast trench IGBT (Infineon)•CAL4 = Soft switching 4. Generation CAL-Diode•Insulated copper baseplate using DBC Technology (Direct Copper Bonding) •With integrated Gate resistor•For switching frequenzies up to 8kHz •UL recognized, file no. E63532Typical Applications*•DC/DC – converter •Brake chopper•Switched reluctance motorRemarks•Case temperature limited to T c = 125°C max.•Recommended T op = -40 ... +150°C •Product reliability results valid for T j = 150°CAbsolute Maximum Ratings SymbolConditions Values UnitIGBT V CES T j =25°C 1700V I C T j =175°CT c =25°C 321A T c =80°C248A I Cnom 200A I CRMI CRM = 3xI Cnom 600A V GES -20...20V t psc V CC =1000V V GE ≤ 15V V CES ≤ 1700VT j =150°C10µs T j-40...175°C Inverse diode I F T j =175°CT c =25°C 213A T c =80°C 157A I Fnom200A I FRM I FRM = 2xI Fnom400A I FSM t p =10ms, sin 180°, T j =25°C1170A T j-40 (175)°C Freewheeling diode I F T j =175°CT c =25°C 213A T c =80°C157A I Fnom 200A I FRM I FRM = 2xI Fnom400A I FSM t p =10ms, sin 180°, T j =25°C1170A T j -40...175°C Module I t(RMS)500A T stg -40 (125)°C V isolAC sinus 50 Hz, t =1min4000VCharacteristics SymbolConditions min.typ.max.UnitIGBT V CE(sat)I C =200A V GE =15V chiplevel T j =25°C 1.90 2.20V T j =150°C 2.30 2.60V V CE0chiplevel T j =25°C 0.80.9V T j =150°C 0.70.8V r CE V GE =15V chiplevelT j =25°C 5.50 6.50m ΩT j =150°C8.009.00m ΩV GE(th)V GE =V CE , I C =8mA 5.25.86.4V I CES V GE =0V V CE =1700V T j =25°C 2.7mA T j =150°C mA C ies V CE =25V V GE =0Vf =1MHz 18nF C oes f =1MHz 0.68nF C res f =1MHz0.58nF Q G V GE =- 8 V...+ 15 V 1600nC R GintT j =25°C3.8Ωt d(on)VCC =1200V I C=200AV GE =+15/-15V R G on =2ΩR G off =2Ωdi/dt on =6830A/µs di/dt off =1120A/µs du/dt =5250V/µs T j =150°C 259ns t r T j =150°C 35ns E on T j =150°C 69mJ t d(off)T j =150°C 712ns t f T j =150°C 149ns E offT j =150°C79mJR th(j-c)per IGBT0.122K/W Inverse diodeV F = V EC I F =200AV GE =0V chiplevelT j =25°C 2.00 2.40V T j =150°C 2.15 2.57V V F0chiplevel T j =25°C 1.32 1.56V T j =150°C 1.08 1.22V r FchiplevelT j =25°C 3.4 4.2m ΩT j =150°C 5.4 6.8m ΩI RRM I F =200A di/dt off =5910A/µs V GE =±15VV CC =1200VT j =150°C 272A Q rr T j=150°C63µC E rr T j =150°C 45mJ R th(j-c)per diode0.276K/W Freewheeling diode V F = V EC I F =200AV GE =0V chiplevelT j =25°C 2.00 2.40V T j =150°C 2.15 2.57V V F0chiplevel T j =25°C 1.32 1.56V T j =150°C 1.08 1.22V r F chiplevelT j =25°C 3.4 4.2m ΩT j =150°C5.46.8m ΩI RRM I F =200A di/dt off =5910A/µs V GE =±15VV CC =1200VT j =150°C 272A Q rr T j=150°C63µC E rr T j =150°C 45mJ R th(j-c)per Diode0.276K/W Module L CE 15nH R CC'+EE'terminal-chip T C =25°C 0.55m ΩT C =125°C0.85m ΩR th(c-s)per module 0.020.038K/W M s to heat sink M635Nm M t to terminals M62.55Nm Nm w325gCharacteristics SymbolConditionsmin.typ.max.UnitSEMITRANS ® 3IGBT4 ModulesSKM200GAL17E4Features•IGBT4 = 4. generation medium fast trench IGBT (Infineon)•CAL4 = Soft switching 4. Generation CAL-Diode•Insulated copper baseplate using DBC Technology (Direct Copper Bonding) •With integrated Gate resistor•For switching frequenzies up to 8kHz •UL recognized, file no. E63532Typical Applications*•DC/DC – converter •Brake chopper•Switched reluctance motorRemarks•Case temperature limited to T c = 125°C max.•Recommended T op = -40 ... +150°C •Product reliability results valid for T j = 150°CThis is an electrostatic discharge sensitive device (ESDS), international standard IEC 60747-1, Chapter IX* The specifications of our components may not be considered as an assurance of component characteristics. Components have to be tested for the respective application. Adjustments may be necessary. The use of SEMIKRON products in life support appliances and systems is subject to prior specification and written approval by SEMIKRON. We therefore strongly recommend prior consultation of our staff.。
冠脉微血管病变-精选文档
其他药物——改善微血管功能
RAS抑制剂↓L-精氨酸/非对称二甲基精氨酸→内皮NO↑他汀独立于降脂作用以外的保护作用，包括抗炎、减轻氧化应激等二甲双胍血管保护作用，改善内皮功能别嘌呤醇其代谢产物奥昔嘌醇能够在心输出量不变的情况下减少心肌耗氧
总体治疗有效率有限
麝香保心丸治疗冠脉微血管病变的机制麝香保心丸治疗各种类型冠脉微血管病变的临床疗效
对于微循环痉挛所致者为禁忌！
传统抗心绞痛药物——硝酸酯类
1./Michael A, et al. Circ Res. 1991;68:847-855.
直径（μm）
对照 硝酸甘油
冠状小动脉对硝酸甘油的反应
此项动物研究结果显示硝酸甘油（GTN）不能扩张直径<100μm的小冠脉
稳定性冠状动脉疾病（SCAD）管理指南
ESC发布的SCAD指南在关注大血管病变的基础上，强调小血管和微血管病变在冠心病发病机制中的作用。
2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease
多国指南已认识到
微血管疾病在心血管疾病中的重要性
*P＜0.05（与对照值）
由于微血管缺乏将硝酸酯转化成NO的巯基，而不能有效扩张微小冠脉
抗心绞痛治疗—钙拮抗剂
一些小规模的对照研究提示CCB能够改善症状， 提高运动耐量，但另一些研究提示无效冠脉内注射地尔硫卓不能改善冠脉血流储备CCB治疗微血管心绞痛的疗效尚未证实
赛米控丹佛斯电子 Board_93_GB_SKYPER_42_R 数据表
®Adaptor boardIGBT Driver CoreBoard 93 GB SKYPER 42 R Preliminary Data Features•Two output channels •Gold nickel finish •Failure managementTypical Applications*•Adaptor board for SKYPER 42 IGBT drivers in bridge circuits for industrial applications •PCB with gold plating •DC bus up to 1200VFootnotesIsolation test voltage with external high voltage diodeThe isolation test is not performed as a series test at SEMIKRONThe driver power can be expanded to 50µC with external boost capacitorsIsolation coordination in compliance with EN50178 PD2Operating temperature is real ambient temperature around the driver core Degree of protection: IP00This is an electrostatic discharge sensitive device (ESDS), international standard IEC 60747-1, Chapter IX* The specifications of our components may not be considered as an assurance of component characteristics. Components have to be tested for the respective application. Adjustments may be necessary. The use of SEMIKRON products in life support appliances and systems is subject to prior specification and written approval by SEMIKRON. We therefore strongly recommend prior consultation of our staff.Absolute Maximum Ratings SymbolConditionsValuesUnitV s Supply voltage primary 16V Iout PEAK Output peak current 30A Iout AVmax Output average current 150mA f max Max. switching frequency100kHz V CECollector emitter voltage sense across the IGBT1700V V isol IO Isolation test voltage input - output (AC, rms, 2s)4000V V isolPD Partial discharge extinction voltage, rms, Q PD ≤ 10pC1500V V isol12Isolation test voltage output 1 - output 2 (AC, rms, 2s)1500V R Gon min Minimum rating for external R Gon 0.8ΩR Goff min Minimum rating for external R Goff 0.8ΩT op Operating temperature -40...85°C T stgStorage temperature-40 (85)°CCharacteristics SymbolConditionsmin.typ.max.UnitV s Supply voltage primary side 14.41515.6V V i Input signal voltage on / off 15 / 0V V IT+Input treshold voltage HIGH 12.3V V IT-Input threshold voltage (LOW) 4.6V V G(on)Turn on output voltage 15V V G(off)Turn off output voltage-8V t d(on)IO Input-output turn-on propagation time 1.1µs t d(off)IOInput-output turn-on propagation time1.1µsAdaptor Board 93 SKYPER® 42 RTechnical ExplanationsRevision 04------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This Technical Explanation is valid for the following parts:Related documents:Prepared by: Johannes Krapp------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ContentApplication and Handling Instructions (2)Further application support (2)General Description (2)Dimensions (3)PIN Array (3)Setting Dynamic Short Circuit Protection (4)Collector Series Resistance (4)Adaptation Gate Resistors (5)Boost Capacitors (6)Environmental conditions (6)Mounting Notes (6)Please note:All values in this technical explanation are typical values. Typical values are the average values expected in large quantities and are provided for information purposes only. These values can and do vary in different applications. All operating parameters should be validated by user’s technical experts for each application.Application and Handling Instructions▪Please provide for static discharge protection during handling. As long as the hybrid driver is not completely assembled, the input terminals have to be short-circuited. Persons working with devices have to wear a grounded bracelet. Any synthetic floor coverings must not be statically chargeable. Even during transportation the input terminals have to be short-circuited using, for example, conductive rubber. Worktables have to be grounded. The same safety requirements apply to MOSFET- and IGBT-modules.▪Any parasitic inductances within the DC-link have to be minimised. Over-voltages may be absorbed by C- or RCD-snubber networks between main terminals for PLUS and MINUS of the power module.▪When first operating a newly developed circuit, SEMIKRON recommends to apply low collector voltage and load current in the beginning and to increase these values gradually, observing the turn-off behaviour of the free-wheeling diode and the turn-off voltage spikes generated across the IGBT. An oscillographic control will be necessary. Additionally, the case temperature of the module has to be monitored. When the circuit works correctly under rated operation conditions, short-circuit testing may be done, starting again with low collector voltage.▪It is important to feed any errors back to the control circuit and to switch off the device immediately in failure events.Repeated turn-on of the IGBT into a short circuit with a high frequency may destroy the device.▪The inputs of the hybrid driver are sensitive to over-voltage. Voltages higher than V S +0,3V or below -0,3V may destroy these inputs. Therefore, control signal over-voltages exceeding the above values have to be avoided.▪The connecting leads between hybrid driver and the power module should be as short as possible (max. 20cm), the driver leads should be twisted.Further application supportLatest information is available at . For design support please read the SEMIKRON Application Manual Power Modules available at .General DescriptionThe Board 93 GB SKYPER® 42 is an adaptor board for the IGBT module SKiM® 93 (spring contact). The board is paralleling three channels so the SKiM module can be used in half bridge configuration. The board can be customized allowing adaptation and optimization to the used IGBT module.The switching characteristic of the IGBT can be influenced through user settings, e.g. changing turn-on and turn-off speed by variation of R Gon and R Goff. Furthermore, it is possible to adjust the monitoring level and blanking time for the DSCP (see Technical Explanations SKYPER® 42 R).Please note:This technical explanation is based on the Technical Explanations for SKYPER®42 R. Please read the Technical Explanations SKYPER® 42 R before using the Adaptor Board.Dimensions116 PIN ArraySetting Dynamic Short Circuit ProtectionThe Vce formula for the Vce monitoring is described in the technical explanation of SKYPER 42 R. Collector Series ResistanceDesignation Shape SettingR105 MiniMELF (SMD) R VCE*Factory setting: not equippedTOPR205 MiniMELF (SMD) R VCE *Factory setting: not equippedBOTAdaptation Gate ResistorsBoost CapacitorsEnvironmental conditionsPlease refer to the technical explanation of SKYPER 42 R for the environmental conditions.Mounting NotesDISCLAIMERSEMIKRON reserves the right to make changes withoutfurnished in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed with respect to the accuracy or use of such information. SEMIKRON does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. Furthermore,。
从ACCORD研究看糖尿病血脂管理之他汀主旋律_
Small-dense LDL
LDL
Endothelium
Vessel Lumen
Monocyte
Macrophage
Adhesion Molecules
Foam Cell
Intima
ox-LDL
Cytokines
Cell Proliferation Matrix Degradation
Growth Factors Metalloproteinases
在糖尿病个体中LDL-C颗粒变成小而密LDL-C， 小而密LDL-C数量增加
糖尿病
LDL 颗粒
“正常” LDL-C水平, 然而:
“正常” LDL-C 水平
非糖尿病
LDL 颗粒
LDL 颗粒数量增加 apoB浓度升高
较低
CHD风险
较高
运载apoB的小而密LDL颗粒
apoB LDL-C
Adapted from Austin MA, Edwards KL Curr Opin Lipidol 1996;7:167-171; Austin MA et al JAMA 1988;260:1917-1921; Sniderman AD et al Diabetes Care 2002;25:579-582.
冠心病（n=280）
非致死性或致死性 心肌梗死（n=192）
致死性心肌梗死 （n=97）
变量
P值
变量
P值
变量
P值
第一位
LDL-C
<0.0001
LDL-C
0.0022
DBP
0.0012
第二位
HDL-C
0.0001
DBP
0.0074
降脂药物选择福建
脂
药
物
选
择
福
建
单击此处添加副标题内容
近期的临床研究对 NCEP ATPIII指南的影响
及调脂药物的选择
福建省心研所 关瑞锦
1970s
NCEP指南的发展史
ATP I 1988
ATP II 1993
ATP III 2019
ATP III 2019
Framingham
MRFIT
LRC-CPPT
Grundy SM, et al. Circulation. 2019;110: 227-239
他汀类—减少心血管疾病的发生
他汀类
LDL-C （降低）
对其他脂 蛋白作用
调脂以 外作用
循征医学证据
心血管事件 （降低）
总死亡率 （降低）
安全性
如何选择他汀类降脂药物？
• 临床疗效（循征医学的证据）
–降LDL-C 疗效及达标率 –降其它脂蛋白作用 –降低心血管死亡率及总死亡率
一 级
CARE LIPID (普伐他汀)
WOSCOPS (普伐他汀)
主要 CHD 患者 （中等胆固醇水平）
高 CHD 危险病人
预
AFCAPS/TexCAPS (洛伐他汀)
低 CHD 危险患者
防
Downs JR et al. JAMA 2019;279:1615-1622. | Shepherd J et al. N Engl J Med 2019;333:1301-1307. | Scandinavian Simvastatin Study Group. Lancet 1994;344:1383-1389. | Sacks FM et al. N Engl J Med 2019;335:1001-1009. | LIPID Study Group. N Engl J Med 2019;339:1349-1357. | PROSPER Study Group. Lancet 2019;360:1623-30. | Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group Lancet 2019;360:7-22
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October 28, 2010
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Walls
• Each wall is described by three heat conduction elements. • At the two surfaces, there are additional convection elements modeling the transport of heat in the boundary layer. The exterior walls consider in addition the influence of solar radiation. In this program, the heat conduction elements C1D contain on the right side a capacitor, whereas the convection elements C1V do not contain any capacity.
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
Table of Contents
• • • • • Passive solar space heating Bond graph of a room Floor, windows, and walls The Dymola model Simulation results
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
Passive Solar Space Heating II
• The experimental solar building is shown here from three sides. • Solar radiation through the walls, the windows, and the ceiling is to be modeled. • Losses are also being modeled, including the losses through the slab.
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Windows II
Available solar radiation
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Dymola Model I
• The overall Dymola model is shown to the left. • At least, the picture shown is the toplevel icon window of the model.
Glass panel
Reflected radiation
Absorbed radiation
Inflow of absorbed radiation by means of heat conduction and convection
• Modeling the radiation accurately is not easy, since several different phenomena must be considered, and since the radiation is furthermore a function of the day of the year and the time of the day.
M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Doors
• The doors are modeled similarly to the windows, yet there is no glass, and there exists an additional heat conduction through the wood of the door.
The Bond Graph of a Room
Windows
Roof Doors
Interior Walls Exterior Walls
Floor
• Every room is modeled in approximately the same fashion. The model shows the heat capacity of the room as well as the interactions with the environment.
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Dymola Model II
• Shown on the left side is the corresponding top-level diagram window. • Each of the four rooms is a separate model. • The four models are overlaid to each other. • The bond graph connectors are graphically connected, connecting neighboring rooms to each other.
It is important, not to represent the exchange with the environment as a loss, since during the summer, heat is also entering the building through the slab.
The house is constructed from Adobe brick. The photographs are rather recent. By the time they were taken, the house was no longer being used and had fallen a bit in disarray.
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Windows I
Conduction
Radiation
Hale Waihona Puke • Heat transport across the windows occurs partly by means of heat conduction, and partly by means of radiation.
M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
Thermal Modeling of Buildings
• This lecture deals with the model of a space heating system of a building by means of a passive solar system. • The system is designed after a solar experimental building constructed in Tucson near the airport. • The model is quite sophisticated. It models not only the physics of radiation through glassed windows, but also the weather patterns of Tucson.
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Room #3 Bedroom
Room #2 Bedroom
Room #1 Living room
Room #4 Sun space
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
October 28, 2010
© Prof. Dr. François E. Cellier
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M athematic M odeling of Physic S ystems al al
The Floor
HE HE
House
Environment
• The floor is modeled like a room. • It has its own heat capacity (the slab under the house consists of gravel). • It exchanges heat with the house. • It also exchanges heat with the environment.