What is statistics

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Statistics精品PPT课件

Statistics for finance
Statistics for marketing
Electronic scanners at retail checkout counters are being used to collect data for a variety of marketing research applications.
Aims
Understand why we study statistics Explain what is the meat by
descriptive and inferential statistics Distinguish between a quantitative
and qualitative variables Describe how a discrete variable is
Quality control
The common practice is to select a subset of the accounts called a sample and review it.
Statistics for finance
Financial analysts use a variety of statistical information to guide their investment recommendations.
Statistics for accounting
Public accounting firms use statistical sampling procedures when conducting audits of their clients.
The number of accounts which need to be audited is so large that reviewing every account would be too time-consuming and expensive.

统计学概述全英

WHAT IS STATISTICS?
Statistics is defined as: The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data for the purpose of assisting in making a more effective decision.
CHAPTER 1
Statistics and Data
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After complete this chapter, you will be able to : 1. define what is meant by statistics 2. explain what is meant by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics 3. distinguish between nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement
0.114348 -0.051769 0.04492 -0.049603 -0.134683 0.164516 0.01385 0.024658 0.003342 0.015323 0.090789 -0.045235 -0.171194 0.076453 0.15483 0.226322 -0.031674 -0.057113 -0.113987 0.097257 0.005682 -0.020339 0.012146 0.009143 -0.114383 0.018602 -0.117128 0.149073 -0.152553 0.113152

Unit_5_学术英语阅读

• between main and m important general reading skill, to a range of reading purposes.
• information from short sections of a text. An example of when students might do this is Acy take initial notes in preparation for an exam to be taken later on in the course. At this stage, we too concerned with paraphrasing skills; the emphasis is more on understanding the main points, of die form of words used.
• B) We might expect to see heads on both sides of the coin. Students might answer that it is a “double-headed” coin.
• It is, of course, possible in principle for heads to come up six times in succession with a normal coin. However, the fact that the person tossing the coin is performing a magic trick and is confident of the outcome, suggests that the conclusion that a double-headed coin is being used is more likely to be correct.

基础统计学培训讲座(英文版)(ppt 31页)

• A population might consist of all the people in Nanaimo but also may mean the PE ratios for all chemical stocks, or total assets of the 20 largest banks in North America, total collection of prices, ages, square footage of retail space in Nanaimo, and so on.
1-18
Types of Variables
A continuous variable can assume any value within a specified range.
Examples are: The pressure in a tire, the weight of a pork chop, or the height of students in a class. Typically, continuous variables are the result of measuring something.
1-11
Types of Statistics
Inferential Statistics: The methods used to determine something about a population, based on a sample.
EXAMPLE 3: Wine tasters sip a few drops of wine to make a decision with respect to all the wine waiting to be released for sale.

Statistics 教案

Terms to remember
• Statistics - collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions. • Variable - characteristic or attribute that can assume different values
Descriptive
• something about a set of information that has been collected only.
What to study?
1. Summary statistics: a. measures of center: Mean, median, mode b. measures of spread: Range, variance, standard deviation, IQR, percentiles 2. Graphical statistics: pie chart, bar chart, histogram, scatter plot, correlation, box and whisker plot, stem and leaf, normal curve, etc..
• Random sampling - sampling in which the data is collected using chance methods or random numbers. • Systematic sampling - sampling in which data is obtained by selecting every kth object. • Convenience sampling - sampling in which data which is readily available is used.

Statistics for Business：Introduction

1.2 Previews
Scatterplot of Price Versus Mileage
1.2 Previews
Line and Region of Uncertainty
1.2 Previews
Conclusions

The range of uncertainty is so wide because factors other than mileage affect price This model uses all of the data to answer the question about one used car (borrowing strength) $22,000 isn’t too much to pay (it is less than predicted by our line and within the range)
Patterns and models
1.1 What is Statistics?
Statistics as a Discipline

Science and art of extracting answers from data A statistic is a property of data
Statistics for Business：Introduction
1.1 What is Statistics?
Some Basic Ideas

Statistics as a discipline Questions we can answer with statistics

Variation
1.2 Previews

武大考博英语试题及答案

武汉大学2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题（满分值100分）科目名称：英语科目代码：1101注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.1.What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?A.It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.B.It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior.C.It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats.D.It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.2.The first argument on the optimists’ side is unconvincing because the official figures________.A.are both wrong and unconvincingB.downplay the internet revolutionC.fail to include the consumer surplusD.can’t explain the decline in productivity growth3.What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley??A.They have only focused on the fun part of life.B.They have made a difference in the real world.C.They have more persuasive productivity.D.They have only just begun to develop.4.How can driverless cars benefit American industries?A.Driverless cars have revived two large American industries.B.The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars.C.Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work.D.Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.Passage TwoWinston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 andfollows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first” understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.5.What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill?A.They were written in an interesting style.B.They were written prior to Churchill’s death.C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.6.Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times?A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.7.Why does the third volume prove to be worthy?A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.B.It involves enough details in Churchill’s life.C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.8.What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?A.He is a man with complexity.B.He pulled Britain through WWII.C.He made many strategic mistakes.D.He is courageous and inspirational.Passage ThreeAsteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,” said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name —Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean —maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,”Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so —really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said.“When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large f raction of the surface,”Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock —enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.9.Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?A.Because it is an imagined period of time.B.Because this period is of little significance.C.Because it is impossible to know about this period.D.Because no rocks are available as research evidence.10.Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?A.Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets.B.Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned.C.Because it was so according to Greek mythology.D.Because back then there was no life.11.Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?A.Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existence of life.B.Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completely damaging.C.Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life.D.Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.12.How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed the Earth?A.The moon once smashed into the Earth too.B.The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.C.The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe.D.The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.Passage FourFrom beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASA is exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’ or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.The habi tats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate― they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,” fo rmer astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet.The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robust private sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,” Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.13.What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission to ISS?A) It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space.B) It looks like a toy.D) It will not return to Earth.14.What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.A.It is to find out its potential capacity.B.It is to give a try on a new technology.C.It is to save time and money in production.D.It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.15.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The habitat will not be a balloon-like room.B.The habitat will not feel like a balloon.C.The habitat will be like a senseless balloon.D.The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.16.Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?A.It can save NASA time and energy.B.It is necessary for a robust industry.C.It is crucial for further space explorations.D.It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.Passage FiveOf all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor” and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ― just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.17.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he ________.A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness and considerationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previous years.C.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didn’t like any of the gift she had given him18.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of ________.A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life19.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone”serves as________.A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC. a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift20.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’s language. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways.(1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in its ability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientific methods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy as it is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science isDirections:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。

基础统计学英文版

This is why younger people pay more for insurance…
Knowledge of statistical methods at least helps you understand why decisions are made
In future you will make decisions that involve data
Types of Statistics
❖ Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.
EXAMPLE 2: According to Consumer Reports, General Electric washing machine owners reported 9 problems per 100 machines during 2002. The statistic 9 describes the number of problems out of every 100 machines.
Types of Statistics
❖ Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.
EXAMPLE 1: A Gallup poll found that 49% of the people in a survey knew the name of the first book of the Bible. The statistic 49 describes the number out of every 100 persons who knew the answer.

统计学CH01_英文教材

1.8
Example 2.6 Stats Anxiety
Frequency
30 20 10 0
50
Histogram
60
70
80
Marks
90 100
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning
1.9
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics deals with methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a convenient and informative way.
A large university with a total enrollment of about 50,000 students has offered Pepsi-Cola an exclusivity agreement that would give Pepsi exclusive rights to sell its products at all university facilities for the next year with an option for future years.
Chapter One
What is Statistics?
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning
1.1
What is Statistics?
“Statistics is a way to get information from data.”
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

统计学课件(英文)

5
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics: involves arranging, summarizing, and presenting a set of data in such a way that useful information is produced. Its methods make use of graphical techniques and numerical descriptive measures (such as averages) to summarize and present the data Inferential statistics: generalizing from a sample to a population, estimating unknown population parameters, drawing conclusions, making decisions.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ13
Scale of Measurement: Ratio
The data have the properties of interval data and the ratio of two values is meaningful. Contains a meaningful zero value that indicates that nothing exists for the variable at the zero point .
15
Kinds of Data (variables)
Qualitative (Categorical) data:

基础统计学(英文版)(ppt 31页)

EXAMPLE: the number of bedrooms in a house, or the number of hammers sold at the local Home Depot (1,2,3,…,etc). But you cannot have 2.3 bedrooms or 10.6 hammers…Thus discrete variables result from counting.
1-3
Why study statistics?
• Numerical info is everywhere
– But how do we know if conclusions reported are accurate?
• Statistical techniques are used to make decisions that affect our lives
1-18
Types of Variables
A continuous variable can assume any value within a specified range.
Examples are: The pressure in a tire, the weight of a pork chop, or the height of students in a class. Typically, continuous variables are the result of measuring something.
1-15
Types of Variables
For a Qualitative or Attribute variable the characteristic being studied is nonnumeric.

Body paragrafh writing----citing statistics and exemplification

Illustration (例证法)
Sometimes we need not use several examples to develop a generalization. A single example suffices if it is explained in detail. This kind of example is called extended example(延伸性事例).
Fact 1
Sample 2:
The U.S. Census Bureau(人口统计局) has estimated that the population of the United States could approach 300 million in 2000 and will be 400 million in 2020. And the U.S. Department of Commerce（商务部） estimates that the average U.S. per capita income will increase from $3,400 in 1969 to the equivalent of $8,500 in the year 2000, 2.5 times as much as that of 1969.
it might be more effective to point out that the United States and Russia alone possess enough weapons to destroy our globe over twenty times than to cite the actual number of such weapons they have.

英文商务统计学ppt课件第一章_Ch01

A marketing research analyst needs to assess the effectiveness of a new television advertisement. A pharmaceutical manufacturer needs to determine whether a new drug is more effective than those currently in use. An operations manager wants to monitor a manufacturing process to find out whether the quality of the product being manufactured is conforming to company standards. An auditor wants to review the financial transactions of a company in order to determine whether the company is in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles.

e.g., Estimate the population mean weight using the sample mean weight e.g., Test the claim that the population mean weight is 120 pounds

Hypothesis testing
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Statistics for Business and Economics(英文版)(pdf 36页)

1. Involves
• Collecting Data
$
• Presenting Data
50
• Characterizing Data 25
2. Purpose
• Describe Data
0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
GX = 30.5 S2 = tion, Inc
1.3
Fundamental Elements of Statistics
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Fundamental Elements
1. Experimental unit
• Object upon which we collect data
2. Population
• Engineering
– Construction – Materials
• Sports
– Individual & Team Performance
• Business
– Consumer Preferences – Financial Trends
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Inferential Statistics
1. Involves
• Estimation • Hypothesis
Testing
2. Purpose
• Make decisions about population characteristics
Population?
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
e.g., Average

Stat-Sec 1 统计学课件

Examples:
Government Population Census (人口普查) (人口普查人口普查) CPI, House price, GDP, Wage, Income, Unemployment Industry: Quality of products : Length, Weight, Strength, Sales, Costs, Profit,
1. Return rate may be low Often inducement will be used to attract responses: moneymoney-off vouchers & free gifts
Issues with this method (continued:
◆ Secondary Data （二手数据）二手数据）
is data collected send-hand. sendExample: Data from government publications, “Monthly Digest of Statistics”, “Economic Trends and Social Trends”, which can be accessed at
◆ Direct observation (直接观察) 直接观察)
by watching and making notes
Examples: counting the # of customers who buy certain products, the # of people to choose certain meals in a restaurant, (helpful data for business managers)

Unit 5 学术英语阅读

• • • • • • • • • • • • •
a) The word statistics is used in four different senses. b) Firstly, it refers to a subject of study. c) Secondly, it refers to methods used to collect and interpret data. d) Thirdly, it refers to collections of data. e) Fourthly, it refers to special figures that have been calculated from collections of data. f) A researcher in the statistics department of a firm may quote statistics about sales of a new detergent. g) Most professional activities use statistical thinking. h) Statistics is used by most academic disciplines, including sciences, humanities and literary studies. i) Radio-carbon dating is a statistical technique. j) Statistics is used because of our uncertainty about what we observe in the world around us. k) We can use statistics to predict the average height of school children in one class by using our knowledge of the average height of children in another class. l) Statistics allows us to estimate the extent of our errors. m) We may be almost certain about what a certain child’s height is ./ to the nearest half inch.

初级统计师英语

这些词汇和例句可帮助你理解和运用初级统计师相关的英语表达。
初级统计师英语
4. The entry-level statistician is proficient in statistical software such as SPSS or R. 初级统计师熟练使用统计软件，如SPSS或R。 5. The junior statistician presented the findings of the survey through descriptive statistics and charts. 初级统计师通过描述性统计和图表展示了调查结果。
初级统计师英语
初级统计师的英文可以是 "Junior Statistician" 或 "Entry-level Statistician"。
以下ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ一些与初级统计师相关的英语词汇和短语：
1. Statistics - 统计学 2. Data analysis - 数据分析 3. Probability - 概率 4. Sampling - 抽样 5. Hypothesis testing - 假设检验 6. Regression analysis - 回归分析
初级统计师英语
例句： 1. As a junior statistician, my role is to analyze and interpret data for research projects. 作为一名初级统计师，我的职责是为研究项目分析和解释数据。 2. The entry-level statistician is responsible for assisting in data collection and conducting basic statistical analysis. 初级统计师负责协助数据收集和进行基本的统计分析。 3. The junior statistician used regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables. 初级统计师使用回归分析来研究变量之间的关系。

What is statistics

LO1-3
Why take a sample instead of studying every member of the population?
1. 2.
3.
Prohibitive cost of census Destruction of item being studied may be required Not possible to test or inspect all members of a population being studied
EXAMPLES: balance in your checking account, minutes remaining in class, or number of children in a family
LO1-1
Why Study Statistics?
1. 2.
3.
Numerical information is everywhere. Statistical techniques are used to make decisions that affect our daily lives. The knowledge of statistical methods will help you understand how decisions are made and give you a better understanding of how they affect you. No matter what line of work you select, you will find yourself faced with decisions where an understanding of data analysis is helpful.

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