名词性从句总结

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses).名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语，形容词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题，连接词的选用，时态呼应等。

◆名词性从句的共同点：1）主句和从句之间不能用逗号隔开

2）从句部分用陈述句语序

◆引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that, whether ,if 不充当从句的任何成分

连接代词：what, whatever( anything that), who, whom,

whoever (anyone who), whose, which,whichever

连接副词：when, where, how, why

一. 主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，

连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

That she is still alive is a miracle.

It doesn’t matter whether they will come or not.

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

Who will win the match is still unknown.

Whichever book you like would be bought for you as a present.

Whatever I do is for the good of you.

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

When we should close the shop on the holiday has not been decided. Where the meeting will be held has not yet been announced.

It is known to us how he became a writer.

Why he did so has not been clear.

★有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语，

而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语一般用单数形式。

常用句型:

(1)It is ＋名词＋从句.

It is a fact/a shame/an honor/no wonder/no surprise that…

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

(2)It is＋形容词＋从句

It is natural/strange/clear/likely/(im)possible/obvious/

true/good/fortunate/certain/surprising that…

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

(3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems/happened/appears/turns out /struck me/

occurred to me that…

It struck me that I still have to finish another task.

(4) It is ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported/announced/expected/arranged/suggested/

demanded/hoped/known that…

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.

★在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, possible,etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired,

ordered,demanded,recommended,etc.) that…

It is necessary that the manager should sign all the copies,not just thetop one.

It is a pity that our team should lose the game.

It is desired that we should arrive there before dark.

二. 宾语从句

用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的

关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，无意义。

在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去.

He has told me （that ）he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

The letter says (that) they are leaving on Sunday.

★注意下列情况一般不省that：

①The teacher said (that) the boy was not bright and that he was not worth teaching. ( 当从句部分含有两个或两个以上的宾语时，

第一个从句中的that 可以省略. 第二个从句中及之后的that不能省略。)

②They said yesterday that they had seen the film.

(主句的谓语动词之后有状语时，that不宜省略。)

③I guess, Mr. Smith, that you are a little over 50.

(宾语从句被插入语和主句谓语动词隔开时，that不宜省略。)

④She has made it clear that she has nothing to do with him.

(宾语从句用it作形式宾语时，that不宜省略。)

⑤I remember that before liberation my family were often hungry.

(从句部分状语或状语从句前置时，that不宜省略。)

★在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

★注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态. 如主句是过去式，从句一般要使用与过去相关的时态。

I thought you were having a break now.

The teacher told the children that the earth is round .

（从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态）