英语种时态对比新

时态的特殊用法
1、主句是一般将来时,时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句须用一般现在时表一般将来时(即主将从现)；
主句是过去将来时,时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句须用一般过去时表过去将来时。

（1）I’ll write to her when I have time. （2）If we hurry up, we can catch the bus.
（3）Whatever you say, I won’t pay. （4）Next time I’ll do as he says.
（5）Father told me that he would buy me a computer if he made enough money.
2、主句是将来完成时,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来；
主句是过去完成时,从句有by the time、before 所引导的从句用一般过去时。

（1）By the time he comes, I’ll have left.
（2）By the time he came, I had left.
（3）The train had left before we reached the station.
3、by, by the end of后接表将来某一时间的短语用将来完成时；后接表过去某一时间的短语用过去将来时。

（1）By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
（2）By 8:00 a.m. yesterday, we had arrived at the park.
（3）By this time next year,I will have graduated from high school.
4、在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替一般将来时，表示将来某时完成的动作。

（1）I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
（2）If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
5、go\come\leave\start\ arrive等位置移动动词，可以用现在进行时表一般
将来时；可以用过去进行时表过去将来时。

(1) I’m leaving tomorrow.（3）Mr. Green was flying to
Guangzhou the next week. （2）They are getting married
next week. （4）I didn't know when they were coming again．
6、位移动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、start等以here, there开头的句子里，常用一般现在时代替将来时。

（1）There goes the bell. （2）Here she comes.
7、现在进行时或过去进行时常与频度副词always连用，表示说话者表扬、厌
烦等感情色彩。

（1）He is always helping others.
（2）He was always thinking of others, never thinking of himself.
8、用于“the＋比较级…,the＋比较级…”中,前一个用一般现在时表将来,后
一个用一般现在时表将来或用一般将来时。

The more you eat, the fatter you (will) become. “越…越…”
9、表示过去经常发生的动作也可用“used to”或“would+动词原形” 代替。

used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。

would do: 表过去常干某事，但不强调现在不干。

（1）He used to visit his mother once a week.
（2）The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park .
10、用于think, believe, suppose, plan, expect等心理活动的动词，表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事，现在时态中通常用过去式，所表达的含义往往与客观事实相反，意为“原想”，“本以为”“本计划”“本期望”等; 过去时态中通常用过去完成时，所表达的含义往往与客观事实相反，意为“原想”，“本以为”“本计划”“本期望”等。

（1）We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the most unlucky day of my life.
我们本以为女队绝不可能打败我们，这是我一生中最不幸的日子。

（2）I believed he would not come to see me again. 我本以为他再也不会来看我了。

（3）I had meant to come, but something happened.
11、since后跟从句，表示自从，since后用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。

（1）He has been in hospital since he became ill.
（2）It’s 3 years since my brother joined the Party.
12、用进行时表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go等。

It's getting warmer and warmer.
13、It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句。

这个句式分两种情况：
①如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时。

意为“多长……以后将会……发生某事”
②如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时。

意为“多长……后发生了某事。

”
（1）It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soon.)
（2）It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
14、“have been to ＋地点”与“have gon e to＋地点”的区别：
★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人已经回来了。

He has been to Paris three times.
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话的时候,去某地的人不在场,可能到达某地,也可能在去某地的路上,反正不在说话者的身边。

E.g. He has gone to Paris.
15、用于完成时的典型句型：
（1）It/This/That is the first / second , etc, + time…. that从句用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.
（2）It/This/That was the first （second/third…）time＋that从句用过去完成时。

It was the first time that I had visited the city.
16、表示“一……就”的几个句型：
（1）Hardly had+主语+过去分词+when +一般过去时。

（2）No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+一般过去时。

（3）Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词+ when + 一般过去时。

①We had hardly heard the news when he cried.
②No sooner had he bought the car than he sold it.。