19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.1 短文填空(首字母填空)(第01期)(解析版)

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2019 年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题 19 短文填空
考点 1 首字母填空
P assage 1(2019 •天津市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整.每空限填一词。

The villagers in Mhangeni , Africa . faced a very big challenge (挑战).They didn 't have a school for their
kids .
Then the village elder thought of an (1)i
. He said that there was an old , abandoned (废弃的)
farmhouse . It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing 装设备)it . All the villagers were (2)p leased with his suggestion and started the project immediately . The p arents repaired the brok en
walls . Some villagers (3)d
the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood . The others helped
mak e desks and chairs for the students . S till , t here was much more work to do . B ut the rains were coming . They
had to (4)s
working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant .
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by (5)t
.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened .They didn 't want to delay (耽搁) their studies . Every day they were
busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes (灌木).
The news about the project (6)s
and many people knew it . T wo teachers who work ed for the country's
Dep artment of Education arrived to help out . a nd two foreign visitors were also t ouche d (感动) b y the children 's
(7)a
.They donated mon ey for them to buy textbooks and stationery .
After 10 days of har d work , the new school was (8)r
.The kids were very happy but a bit worried ﹣they were behind in their studies .
Besides (除…之外)this , they also faced many (9)d
.There were not enough classrooms to hold all
the students . And two or three students had to share one book .
However , the children are happy to study in school ﹣(10)e
in their new school which they helped to
build . Though their school might not be modern , their dream of having a school near their homes has come true .
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】非洲 Mhangeni 的村民面临一个严重的问题.他们村子没有学校,他们一起努力给孩子们
建了一所学校,虽然学校很简陋,但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习.
i
d s s
d 2 r
1.idea 【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:村子里的老者想出来一个主意. 开头的单词,idea 意
见,想法.符合语境.故答案为:idea .
2.pleased 【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:所有的村民对他的建议很满意,并开始开始了这
个工厂.p 开头的单词,pleased 满意的,be pleased with 对……满意.符合语境.故答案为:pleased .
3. divided 【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室. 开
头的单词,divide 分开,divide ……into 把……分成……符合语境.根据语境,需要使用一般过去时,divide
的过去式为 divided .故答案为:divided .
4.stop 【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:他们不得不停止工作,因为现在对他们来说,是最好
的种植的时间. 开头,stop 停止,stop doing 停止做.符合语境.had to 后面接动词原形.故答案为:stop .
5.themselves 【解析】考查反身代词;分析语境,此处表示:所以,Mhangeni 的孩子们决定自己完成这
个房子,themselves 他们自己,符合语境.故答案为:themselves .
6.spr ead 【解析】考查动词;此处意思为:关于这个项目的消息传播出去,很多人都知道它了. 开头,
spr ead 传播,符合语境.根据语境,此处需要用一般过去时,spr ead 的过去式是 spr ead .故答案为:spread .
7.actions 【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:而且,两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了.a
开头的词,action 行动,可数名词,此处表示孩子们的行动,用可数名词的复数形式.故答案为:actions .
8.ready 【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:经过 10 天的努力工作后,新学校已经准备好了.r
开头的词,ready 准备好的.符合语境.故答案为:ready .
9.difficulties 【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:除此之外,他们还面临了很多困难. 开头,difficulty
困难,可数名词,前面有 many ,此处需要用名词复数形式.difficulty 的复数形式是 difficulties .故答案
为:difficulties .
10.especially 【解析】考查副词;分析语境,此处表示:然而,孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是
在他们帮助建的新学校里.e 开头的词,especially 尤其.符合语境.故答案为:especially .
【点评】此类题目,需要分析语境,并且需要熟记单词,再结合语法结构,便可得出正确答案.
Passage (2019 •湖北省武汉市)
阅读下面短文,在空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。

It was at an exhibition of the artist’s works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g ___51___to
att e nd the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and ask ed me for my
signature(签名).
“I haven’t brought my pen. Is the p ___52___okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t ___53___. I just wan ted
to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c ___54___readers.
, “Certainly,” the young girls readily a ___55___. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement
also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. O ne of the girls h___56___her fine notebook to me. I turned over the
cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encou rag eme nt n____57____and signed my name. The girl read my
signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Char?”
“No,” I told her proudly, “I’m the author of A lice Adams the w___58___of two Pulitzer Prizes.”
The y oung girl turned to the o___59___,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.”At that
mome nt, all my p____60____turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately . Since then, I always warn myself: no matter
how outstanding you are, don’t think highly of yourself.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中,主要讲述我应邀参加红十字会举办的艺术家作品展,之前我非常的
自豪和骄傲。

两个小女孩找我要签名,我给其中一个女孩签完名后,女孩非常吃惊,我不是罗伯特查尔,
我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。

然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。

自此,
作者经常警示自己:无论你多么优秀,不要过高地赞扬你自己。

51. guest
句意“我作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。

根据句意可知,表示“特邀嘉宾”。

guest 客人,
且根据空前 a 可知,用单数,故填 guest 。

52. pencil
句意“我没带钢笔,铅笔可以吗?”。

根据 Mary, lend your rubber to me 可知,一个女孩向另
一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名,所以空处表示“铅笔”。

pencil 铅笔,且根据 is 可知,用单数,故填 pencil 。

53. refuse
句意“事实上,我知道他们不会拒绝”。

根据 I just wanted to show a well-known writer ’s good
manners to the c___4___readers 可知,我认为她们不会拒绝,我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的
好的行为。

refuse 拒绝,且根据空前 wouldn’t 可知,用动词原形,故填 refuse 。

54. common
句意“我仅仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。

根据首字母可知,表示
“普通的读者”。

common 普通的,故填 common 。

55. agr eed
句意““当然”,这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。

根据文意可知,我没有带钢笔,所以问他
们铅笔可不可以,他们同意用铅笔。

agr ee 同意,且根据全文可知,用一般过去时,故填 ag r ee d 。

56. handed
句意“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。

根据文意可知,小女孩找我要签名,
所以他们将本子递给我。

hand 递,且根据全文可知,用一般过去时,故填 handed 。

57. naturally
句意“我翻开笔记本的封面,自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。

根据句
意可知,表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词,且空处修饰动词 wrote ,用副词,故填 naturally 。

58. winner
句意“我是《寂寞芳心》的作者,两次普利策奖的获得者”。

根据I told her proudly 可知,表
示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。

winner 赢家,获奖者,都是指“我”,用单数,故
耸 ( (
填 winner 。

59. other
句意“这个年轻的女孩转向另一个女孩, 耸肩说:把你的橡皮借给我”。

根据 During this period,
two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and ask ed me for my signature 可知,是两个女孩,所以表示
“两者中另一个”,用 the other ,故填 other 。

60. pride
句意“在那个时候,所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。

根据 I just wante d to show a well-known
writer ’s good manners to the c___4___readers 以及“No,” I told her proudly 可知,之前我很自豪,所以我
的自豪变成了泡沫。

根据空前 my 可知,空处用名词。

pride 自豪,故填 pride 。

P assage 3(2019 泰州市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,补全空格内单词,使短文完整、通顺。

Everyone knows that se cond-h and smok e is as d ang er ous as first -hand smoke. But have you h_____71_____ of
"third-hand" smok e?
Third-hand smok e means the pollution left on the surfaces 表面) of things around, l______72______ furniture
or clothes. When someone smok es in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tob acco 烟草) smok e land on the surfaces
of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great d ang e r to your
family, e_____73_____younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is
b_____74_____ they are o ften close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tob acco particles
remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their han d s polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say n_____76_____ to third-hand smoke. T o achieve this, strict
r_____77_____ for forbidding ( 禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members
smokes, please mak e sure he smok es o____78____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he
f_____79_____ smoking, he will tak e them off before getting inside the house. Moreover , mak e sure that a smok er
washes his h and s and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby .
Many times,you cannot see the smok e doing harm to your child,but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______80_______".Give up smoking,or if that is not possible,mak e sure that your loved ones,far away from third-hand smoke.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。

“三手”烟是指:附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的烟草颗粒。

这会对家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。

因为婴儿刚学会走路,当他们接触这些表面时,
他们的手会受到污染。

因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。

应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。

71.hear d句意:但是你听说过“三手”烟吗?由语境和首字母提示可知,填:hear;hear of:听说。

分析
句子But have you h_____71_____of"third-hand"smok e?的结构可知,本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句,其结构是:助动词has/h ave+动词的过去分词。

故答案为:hear d。

72.like句意:第“三手”烟是指家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。

由语境和首字母提示可知,填:
like;like在这里用来表示举例,所以答案为:like。

73.especially句意:这会对你的家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。

由语境和首字母提示可知,
填:especially;especially是个副词,表示陈述某一事实之后,列举一个具有代表性的例子,作进一步强调,其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。

本题就是这种用法,用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子(younger children),来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。

故答案为:especially。

74.because句意:这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。

由语境
和首字母提示可知,填:because;根据Babies have only just learned to walk.They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke.婴儿刚学会走路。

他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。

可知,因为婴儿刚学会走路,所以他们会扶着这些物体,因此接触的机会就多,因此会受到危害。

这里解释了婴儿受到危害的原因,故答案为:because。

75.touch句意:当他们接触这些表面时,他们的手会受到污染。

由语境和首字母提示可知,填:touch;
主句they get their h an d s polluted.他们的手会受到污染。

可知,本题的时态为一般现在时,因此再由when 引导的时间状语从句中也用一般现在时,主语they是复数,因此谓语用动词原形。

故答案为:touch。

76.no句意:所以,对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。

由语境和首字母提示可知,填:no;say no to:
对……说“不”;这里是指拒绝三手烟。

故答案为:no。

77.rules句意:为此,应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。

由语境和首字母提示可知,填:rule;根据
forbidding(禁止)smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸烟,中的homes是复数,因此前面的名词应该用复数形式。

故答案为:rules。

78.outside句意:如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的,请确保他在屋外吸烟。

由语境和首字母提示可知,
(
填:outside;根据T o achieve this,strict r_____77_____for forbidding禁止)smoking inside homes should be carved out.应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。

可知,如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的,应该是让他在屋外吸烟。

故答案为:outside。

79.finished句意:给他买一件特别的夹克和帽子,等他抽完烟,他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。

由语境和首
字母提示可知,填:finish;根据he will tak e them off before getting inside the house.他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。

可知,进屋前,烟已经吸完了,因此动作是发生在过去。

故用一般过去时,所以答案为:finished。

80.safe句意:很多时候,你看不到烟对你的孩子有害,但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。

由语境和首
字母提示可知,填:safe;根据but表示转折,说明:尽管看不到烟对孩子的危害,但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。

因此才有了下文的Give up smoking,or if that is not possible,mak e sure that your loved ones,far away from third-hand smoke.戒烟,或者如果不可能的话,确保你所爱的人远离三手烟。

所以答案为:safe。

【点睛】
英语首字母填空技巧
1.通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解来源:
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样,首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意。

每篇短文段落之间必
然承上启下、前呼后应。

因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过。

因此,在解题之前通读一遍短文,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。

2.复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。

在阅读时要特别注意一
篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心
思想。

在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。

另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。

有些短文填空题,有时出
现约3%~5%的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义。

3.反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。

这一遍阅读
要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词
的正确形式。

例如:第3小题,句意:这会对你的家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。

由语境和首
字母提示可知,填:especially;especially是个副词,表示陈述某一事实之后,列举一个具有代表性的例子,作进一步强调,其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。

本题就是这种用法,用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子(younger children),来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。

故答案为:especially。

4.认真复查全文,把握整体和词形来源:
做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,
有无句型结构及语法错误。

P assage5(2019•四川省南充市)
根据短文内容和首字母提示,把文中所缺词语补充出来,使短文完整正确(每空限填一词)并将该单
词的完整形式写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。

In some western countries,some people d on't like the number13because they think13is an unlucky number. For example,they d on't like to live on the thirteenth floor.O ne evening,Mr.Smith ask ed some friends to get t ______56______.When all of his friends arrived,he ask ed them to sit at the table for d______57______.He began to c______58______the people.Suddenly,he cried out,"Oh,there are thirteen people here!"Everyone's face look ed pale e______59______Mr.Brown.He said with a smile,"Don't won't,my friends.My wife will have a b aby in a few weeks.So we have f______60______people here."All of the friends became happy again."Congratulations!"they said to Mr.Brown.They all had a good time that evening.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了在西方国家人们都不喜欢数字13,文中讲述了一个有趣的故事。

56.togethe r句意:一天晚上,史密斯先生让几个朋友聚在一起。

根据文中Mr.Smith ask ed some friends to
可知这里是聚在一起。

短语get together表示聚在一起。

根据句意,故填together。

57.dinner句意:当他所有的朋友都到了,他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。

根据One evening,和he ask ed them to
sit at the table可知下文是他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。

dinner晚饭。

根据句意,故填dinner。

58.count句意:他开始数人数。

根据下文he cried out,"Oh,there are thirteen people here!"可知上文是说说
数数字。

count的意思是“数数”根据句意,故填count。

59.except句意:除了布朗先生,每个人的脸都显得苍白。

except的意思是“除了”根据下文He said with
a smile,"Don't wont',my friends.My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.So we have f______60______
people here."可知这里是除了Mr.Brown。

根据题意,故填except。

60.fourteen句意:所以我们这里有14个人。

根据上文Don't wont',my friends.My wife will have a b aby in
a few weeks.可知这里是说14个人。

根据句意,故填fourteen。

P assage6(2019•江苏省连云港市)
根据短文意思和首字母提示,写出一个完整正确的单词。

Every year in early October,Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h_____51_____in Albuquerque,the biggest city in New Mexico.Because of the great number of balloons,it is the world's1______52______ballooning
event.For more than30years,guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning. In2018,over900,000people a_____53_____this event.There were over500balloons in the event with over1,000 pilots.When h______54______of colorful balloons flew up high,the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon. It was full of colors and special characters.It was a time when d______55______came true and r omance filled the sky.Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中,主要讲述阿尔伯克基国际气球节,成年人和孩子们在节日上玩得都
很开心。

51.held句意“每年10月份早期,阿尔伯克基国际气球节在新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基举行”。

根据句意
可知,译为“举行”。

hold举行,且主语Albuquerque International Balloon Festival与谓语hold之间被动be done,故填held。

rgest句意“由于大量的气球,这是世界上最大的气球事件”。

根据F or more than30years,guests
from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning可知,译为最大的,用最高级,故填largest。

53.attended句意“在2018年,超过90万人参加了这个事件”。

根据句意可知,译为“参加”。

att en d
参加,且根据in2018可知,用一般过去时,故填attended。

54.hundr eds句意“当成百上千个五彩缤纷的气球飞向天空时,阿尔伯克基的天空变成了移动的卡通”。

根据句意可知,译为“成百上千”,hundr eds of成百上千的,故填hundr eds。

55.dr eams句意“那是一个梦想成真、浪漫弥漫的时刻”。

根据句意可知,译为“梦想成真”。

d ream
梦想,且根据句意可知,用复数,故填dr eams。

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