大学英语 英国文学 判断对错

1What are Blake’s points of view?
Blake never tried to fit into the world, he was a rebel innocently and xompletely all his life. He was politically of the permanent left and mixed a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine. Lide Shelley, Blake strongly criticized the capitalists’cruel exploitation, saying that the dark satanic mills left men unemployed, killed children and forced prostitution. Meanwhile he cherished great expataations and enthusiasm for the French Revolutionl and regard it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets. Literary Blake was the first important Romantic poetm showing a contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition fo the 18th century, and treasuring the individual’s imagination.
3. How did Burns develop the common love into a lofty one in his A Red, Red Rose? Use examples to illustrate it.
One of the most famous songs that Robert Burns wrote for this project and first published in 1794 was “A Red, Red Rose.” Burns wr ote it as a traditional ballad, four verses of four lines each.
“A Red, Red Rose” begins with a quatrain containing two similes. Burns compares his love with a springtime blooming rose and then with a sweet melody. These are popular poetic images and this is the stanza most commonly quoted from the poem. The second and third stanzas become increasingly complex, ending with the metaphor of the “sands of life,” or hourglass. One the one hand we are given the image of his love lasting until the seas run dry and the rocks melt with the sun, wonderfully poetic images. On the other hand Burns reminds us of the passage of time and the changes that result. That recalls the first stanza and its image of a red rose, newly sprung in June, which we know from experience will change and decay with time. These are complex and competing images, typical of the more mature Robert Burns.
The final stanza wraps up the poem’s complexity with a farewell and a promise of return.
“A Red, Red Rose” is written as a ballad with four st anzas of four lines each. Each stanza has alternating lines of four beats, or iambs, and three beats. The first and third lines have four iambs, consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
syllable, as in da-dah, da-dah, da-dah, da-dah. The second and fourth lines consist of three iambs. This form of verse is well adapted for singing or recitation and originated in the days when poetry existed in verbal rather than written form.
4. What is Byron’s chief contribution?
As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, he would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise singlehandedly against any kind of tyrannic rules either in government, in religionl or in moral society with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebelious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions. The figure is, to some extent, modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.
5. According to Wordsworth, what are essential to poetry?
According to Wordsworth, four points were essential to poetry:
1）the theme is to be incidents and situations chosen from common life(generally low and rustic life as he added in the following sentence)
2）the language used is to be a selection of language really used bu men (ie, against poetic diction)
3）regarding the treatment of the theme, ordinary things are to be presented in an unusual way ( to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination)
4）the poet is to trace in the chosen incidents and situations the primary laws of human nature (probably meaning the finding of universal significance in human society)
6 What are the themes of Great Expectations?
Great Expectations is first of all a novel about great expectations, or more correctly here, dreams. Not only Pip, the hero, cherishes his great expectations or dreams of being some day a gentleman and marrying a rich beautiful princess, all the other important characters have their expections or dreams too. For Miss Havisham, a rich woman who was once cheated and betrayed and deserted by her lover on the very eve of their wddding, her expectations is to bring up Extella as a beautiful, cold-hearted
weapon of revenge upon all male folk in the world; for the criminal Magwitch, his wish is to make Pip a gentleman that he once wanted to be but can never be; and fo Estells her dream is to enter the upper society and be a fashionable lady who has every gentleman at her call and has every luxury to enjoy. All their expections turn out to be illusions and all their dreams vapor. The novel can also be taken as a realistic sutdy of growth of human nature from the social critical point of view. By tracing personal development of Pip from a natrually innocent, honest and sympathetic boy to a wain, selfish, snobbish young gentleman and finally to a totally disillusioned, contaminated, experienced grown-up, Charles Dickens tries to show us the painful yet inevitable experience in our struggle to grow up to climb up or to succeed in the commercialized world. In a way, Pip’s life reflectsmany a false dream of many people, who, on awakening, will find themselves disillusioned but, nonetheless, matured through hard-learned experience. Their life will never be as ideal, but there is still hope for a moderate, sensible happiness.
7What are the themes of Jane Eyre?
Ever since its publication, Jane Eyre has appealed to the general reading public. It is known as a work of critical realism as well as the first and one of the most popular works of the working middle-class women. Its social criticism is found in its vivid description of life of a poor orphan left dependent on some selfish, cold-hearted people and her hard struggle to retain her dignity as a human being. What is more, the brutality and hypocrisy of the English educational system are laid bare here. The idle and vain life of the corrupted rich is also vividly depicted and sharply criticized. Besides Jane’s exceptional personalities, the book is also hailed as a representative work of feminist writingsie, works reflecting the experience and defending the interest of the weaker sex.
8Make a comparison between Tennyson and Browning.
Robert Browning, who diputes with Tennyson the first place among Victorian poets, is Tennyson’s opposite in almost everyy respect but fame and length of years. His genius was perminently dramatic; his interest lay , not in universal law, but in individual passion. And his style, instead of being eclectic and carefully elaborated, was highly
indivifual, and often more intent on meaning than on form. Browning is strong where Tennyson is weak, weak where Tennyson is strong. Both shared almost equally in the Victorian tendency toward reflection, and toward a didactic aim, but their reflection was exercised upon very different phenomena, and their teaching was widely opposed.
8What are the themes of Pride and Prejudice?
The title tells of a major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice. If to form good relations is our main task in life, we must first have good judgment. Our first impressions, according to Jane Austen, are usually wrong, as it shown here bu those of Elizebeth. In the process of judging others, Elizabeth finds out something about herself: her blindness, partiality, prejudice and absurdity. In time she discovers her own shortcomings. On the other hand, Darcy too learns about other people and himself. In the end fase pride is jmbled and perejudice dissolved.
Another theme that is common to all Jane Wusten’s woruks is love and marriage. Here in this three kinds of motivations of or attitudes towards marriage are presented for manifestation. First, there is marriage merely for fortune, money and social rank. The second is the tendency to marry for beauty, attraction and passion regardless of economic conditions or personal merits. This si generally known as love at first sight. Lastly comes the ideal marriage, which is a love match with considerations of the lover’s personal merits and economic conditions. A large part of the space is given to the description of the ironical and unsmooth course of development of the relation between Elizabeth and Darcy. To match Darcy’s large weilth, high position, good education, refined manners, intelligence, sense of responsibility and capacity to love, we have Elizabeth who is not only beautiful, kind, lively and pleasant, but also very intelligent, witty, rational and capable of learning. She is a woman worthy of love and admiration.
10Give a brief analysis of Satan.
Satan is the central figure in paradise Lost, he is human as well as superhuman. We think of Satan either as an abstract conception or else, more immediately, as someone in whom evil is mixed with good but who is doomed to destructuon by the flaw of
self-love. The figure of Satan is undoubtedly impressive, powerful and immense, looming up as a magnificent figure, a mighty, a terrible and an immortal Being. He is infinitely superior to man, as well in the dignity of his matrue entirely different from the devil of the miracle plays completely overshadowing the hero both in intereat and in manliness. He has about him the lsat flickers of heavenly radiance, the traces of his ruined greatness. There is undoubtedly something thrilling as he summoned up his defeated powers, collects together the scattered legions of the lost angels, addresses them with words defiance of God, and draws forth response of militaristic assent .
11What is the central theme of Paradise Lost?
The central theme of Paradise Lost is taken from the Bible and deals with the Christian story of the fall of man, that is how the first man and woman in the world, Adam and Eve, were tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they were consequently punished by God and driven out of paradise, with the prospect nevertheless of the eventual redemption of mankind by Jesus Christ the Son of God. The purpose of the epic is , as the poet himself makes clear in the first book, to assert eternal providence and justify the ways of God to man. The essentially religious natrue of the poem comes natrually form Milton’s fervent belief in Christianity as a Puritan, but this belief is itself a revolt against the established doctrines of the Catholics and of the Anglican Church as he insisted on the freedom of each individual to interpret the Bible for himself.
13What is the theme of Gulliver’s Travels.
Broadly, the book has three themes:
1）a satirical view of the state of European government, and of petty differences between religions. 2）an inquiry into whether men are inherently corrupt or whether they become corrupted.
3）a restatement of the older "ancients versus moderns" controversy previously addressed by Swift in The Battle of the Books. In terms of storytelling and construction the parts follow a pattern:
4）The causes of Gulliver's misadventures become more malignant as time goes on - he is first shipwrecked, then abandoned, then attacked by strangers, then attacked by
his own crew.
5）Gulliver's attitude hardens as the book progresses — he is genuinely surprised by the viciousness and politicking of the Lilliputians but finds the behaviour of the Yahoos in the fourth part reflective of the behaviour of people.
6）Each part is the reverse of the preceding part —Gulliver is big/small/sensible/ignorant, the countries are complex/simple/scientific/natural, forms of Government are worse/better/worse/better than England's.
7）Gulliver's view between parts contrasts with its other coinciding part — Gulliver sees the tiny Lilliputians as being vicious and unscrupulous, and then the king of Brobdingnag sees Europe in exactly the same light. Gulliver sees the Laputians as unreasonable, and Gulliver's Houyhnhnm master sees humanity as equally so.
8）No form of government is ideal — the simplistic Brobdingnagians enjoy public executions and have streets infested with beggars, the honest and upright Houyhnhnms who have no word for lying are happy to suppress the true nature of Gulliver as a Yahoo and equally unconcerned about his reaction to being expelled. 9）Specific individuals may be good even where the race is bad — Gulliver finds a friend in each of his travels and, despite Gulliver's rejection of and horror toward all Yahoos, is treated very well by the Portuguese captain, Don Pedro, who returns him to England at the novel's end.
15Read the excerpt in the textbook carefully, then give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s character.
Hamlet’s revenge is not only a personal matter. What troubles him most is the injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society. One incident after another seems to reveal to h im that the time is “out of joint” and man is not so good as he had imagined. Shakespeare had imbued the play with philosophical thinking, the humanistic search for the value of man and the disappointment of ideals.
His melancholy and procrastination are revealed in this famous soliloquy. Here he is pondering on the question of life and death. He is thinking of committing suicide, that is, to end his own life by a sudden act of “bravery”. But he hesitates, for he doubts whether death can give him rest and peace. Besides he is not sure whether the
country “from whose bourn/ no traveler returns” (death) would be better than this one. He gives the reasons why he wants to commit suicide. Apart from his personal revenge, he cannot bear the social injustices and grievances. He is conscious of his own weakness of thinking too much which makes him dilatory, allowing many opportunities to slip away.
16Can you say something about Shakespeare’s characterization?
Shakepeare is particularly good at character-portrayal. During his long dramatic career, he has created a variety of lifelije characters. The major characters in his plays are not simply type ones representing certain group or class of people, but are individuals with strong and distinct personalities. To achieve this, shakespeare mnakes frequent use of comparisons and contrasts by portraying the characters in pairs or setting them against one another. He also individualizes his characters by emphasicing each one’s dominant and unique qualities, such as the melancholy of Hamlet, the wickedness of Claudius, the honesty of Othello, the ambiton of Macbeth, and the beauty and wit of Portia. In addition, shakepeare has made profound psychoanalytical studies of his characters bu revealing the intricate inner working of their minds through the full use of solioquies, from which we can see the breadth and depth of the characters’ thoughtful feelings.
17What is Shakespeare’s place and influence.
Of his influence in literature, Goethe had made a common judgment, “I donot remember that any book or person or event in my life ever made so great an mpression upon me as the plays of Shakepeare.”His influence upon English Language and thought is beyond calculation. All English writers of any importance cannot escape from Shakepearean influence either directly of indirectly, either in thought, content or in dramatic form or language. Shakepeare had also exerted great influence upon many writers in other countries through the various translations of his works. He is “not of an age, but for all time!”
"As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
One too like thee: tameless, and swift and proud."
(1)Explain "I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleed"
(2)Can you comprehend the deep emotion contained in the poem? What’s that?
(3)The poet was called the "the heart of all hearts", he trumpeted the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth. Please write out his classic words.
Answer:
(1)The sentence call Shelley’s desire that he couldn’t best being fettered to/limited by the humdrum/too ordinary reality of everyday!
(2)In the poem, the west wind has become the poet himself, he wants to be free, proud and controllable like the wild west wind, to destruct and construct with the strong power like the west wind.
(3)"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"
2. "Wild spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!"
(1)What does the "wild spirit "refer to?
(2)Why called it "Destroyer and Preserver" at the same time?
(3)Identify the poet and the poem.
Answer:
(1)"wild spirit" refers to west wind/autumn wind.
(2)Because west wind buried the dead year and year and prepared for a new spring, the poet call it "Destroyer and preserver".
(3)It is "Ode to the west wind" of Shelley. (terza rima)
3. "For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dance with the daffodils.
(1) What is the "bliss of the solitude"?
The Daffodils the poem saw.
(2) Interpret the passage.
It is a bliss/happiness to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind when he is solitude/lonely.
(3) Why did the poet write the poem, what did he want to express?
The poem depicts/deals with the flowers that he came across along waterside, by which he expresses the quiet, sympathy, loving feeling to nature just like his words "poetry is from "emotion recollected in tranquility".
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Questions:
(1)Interpret briefly the meaning of this stanza.
------Like a cloud flying over valleys and mountains, I was traveling. Suddenly to my surprise, I saw a grove of daffodils at the side of a lake. How beautiful they were, fluttering and dancing in the wind.
(2) Which literary trend does this poem belong to?
Romanticism。