完整版高中英语系动词及助动词精讲及练习讲解

系动词和助动词
一、动词归纳
表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。

能够分为以下四类：
种类例句使用特点
行为动词及物动词Love, make后跟宾语
不及物动词Go, rise后不跟宾语
连系动词Be, look后跟表语
助动词Be, have, do, shall, will, did自己没有词义，后跟动词原形
或分词，构成疑问句或否定句
等
神情动词Can, may, mist自己有词义，后跟动词原形，
构成谓语
二、连系动词
系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb ），作为系动词，它自己有词义，但不能够单独用作谓
语，后边必定跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的情况、性质、特点等情况。

系
动词后不能接副词，接的是形容词。

大体分七种
1状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词，比方：
He is a teacher.他是一名教师。

（is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

）
2连续系动词
用来表示主语连续或保持一种情况或态度，主要有 keep , rest, remain, stay , lie, stand,比方：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持默然。

This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。

3表像系动词
用来表示 "看起来像 "这一看法，主要有seem , appear, look , 比方：
He looks tired.他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。

4感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste , 比方：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。

5变化系动词
些系表示主成什么，化系主要有become, grow, turn, fall（ asleep ）, get ,
go, come , run.
比方：
He became mad after that.自那此后，他了。

She grew rich within a short time.她没多就富了。

6 止系
表示主已止作，主要有prove, turn out,表达""， " 成 " 之意，比方：
The rumor proved false.言有假。

The search proved difficult.搜很。

His plan turned out a success.他的划于成功了。

（turn out表止性果）
使，⋯
7．使役： let,have,make Let
/make somebody do sth
The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.
Make sb/sth adj.
The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.
Have somebody do sth某人做某事
Have sth done某物被
My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.
有些它既能够用作，又能够用作系。

别的 be 可用作助。

它
的用法不相同，和句型构也有所不相同。

比方：
Look at the blackboard, please.看黑板。

(look用作)
He looks a little tired.他略疲倦。

(look 用作系)
They are at work. 他在工作。

(are 用作系)
They are working.他正在工作。

(are 用作助，帮助构成在行)
三、助
助主要构成的叫助（Auxiliary Verb）。

被助的称作
主要（Main Verb）。

构成,。

助是法功能，自己没有，不能
独使用，它没有的，比方：He doesn't like English.他不喜英。

（ doesn't是助，无；like是主要，有)
1、助 be （ am, is, are, was, were, being, been ）的用法
（1 ） be 后跟在分构成行。

Who is playing the violin?在拉小提琴？
She was reading a book then. 那她正在。

（2 ） be 后跟去分构成被。

He was asked to d o the work. 有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

（3 ） be 后跟不定式作谓语，有以下几种情况：
① 表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet? 我们要见谁呀？
I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

② 表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。

You are to see the headmaster today. 今天你必定去见校长。

You are not to enter the room without permission.未经赞同你不能够进入房间。

③表示义务、责任等，同should 。

You are to be back before 5. 你得在 5 点钟以前回来。

What is to be d one?该干什么。

④表示可能性，与神情动词may, can 同义。

Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

Not a sound was to be heard. 一点声响也没有。

⑤ 表示此后发生的事，能够用来表示命运或注定
They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能够相见了。

He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

⑥ 用于习语
Where am I to go?我该向哪处去？
What am I to do?我该怎么办？
2、助动词 have(has, had, having )的用法
（1 ）助动词have 能够构成完成时或完成进行时
He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当医生十年了。

This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我素来期望参观的地方。

（2 ）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one. 我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗？
-No. We don't have to. 不，不用了。

3、 do(d oes, did)的用法
（1 ）构成疑问句或否定句
How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

He does not smoke.他不抽烟。

（2 ）加强语气。

He did tell that. 他的确告诉了此事。

Do come and see us. 必然来看我们。

（3 ）代替前面刚出现的动词，防备重复。

-You like popular music, d on't you? 你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？
-Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does. 他讲法语和她讲的相同流利。

（4 ）用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。

Only then did I understand the importance of English.可是那时，我才认识到英语的重要性。

（5 ）构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless. 不要那么粗心。

Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

4.助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词能够与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，比方：
I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。

说明：
在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称。

现在，特别是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变成神情动词，试比较: He shall come.他必定来。

（shall 有命令的意味。

）
He will come.他要来。

（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。

）
shall 在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征采对方意愿
shall I turn on the light?
要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?)
shall he come to see you?
他要不要来看你
( 比较shall : will he come to see you?他会不会来看你)
用在陈述句, 与第二第三人称连用, 变成神情动词表示承诺,命令,警告,和
说话人的信心等
5.助动词should,would的用法
1 ）should无词义，可是shall 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于
第一人称，比方：
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：
"What shall I do next week?"I asked.
" 我下周干什么？" 我问道。

（能够说，shall变成直接引语时，变成了should。

）
2 ）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第
二、第三人称，比方：
He said he would come.他说他要来。

比较：
"I will go," he said.他说："我要去那处。

"
变成间接引语，就成了：
He said he would come.
原来的will变成would，go变成了come. 。

过去式从原来的go 变成came 。

系动词专项训练
1.— What is Mr Wang like?
— ____.
A. He is a teacher
B. He is old and kind
C. He looks like a balloon
D. He likes English
2.What Mr White said sounds____.
A. friendly
B. wonderfully
C. pleasantly
D. nicely
3.The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three.
A. turned
B. goes
C. became
D. went
4.When he was a child he____ .
A. grew patience
B. was alive
C. ran wild
D. came true
5.His voice____ as if he has a cold.
A. sounds
B. listens
C. hears
D. seems
6.This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton.
A. is
B. looks
C. feels
D. seems
7.He looks ___ he hadn ’t had a good meal for a month
A. that
B. as if
C. when
D. so far
8.It ____that he was late for the train.
A. looks
B. turns
C. gets
D. seems
9.These apples taste_____.
A. to he good
B. to be well
C. well
D. good
10.—Do you like the shirt?
—Yes, it ____ very soft.
A. feels
B. felt
C. is feeling
D. is felt
11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep
A. kept
B. got
C. fell
D. fall
12.When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark.
A. going
B. getting
C. running
D. coming
13.Their plan ____ to be a perfect one.
A. proved
B. was proved
C. is proving
D. proving
14.The flowers in the garden ____ sweet.
A. sound
B. taste
C. become
D. smell
15.She____ like her mother in character.
A. looks
B. seems
C. is
D. feels
16.It____ another fine day tomorrow.
A. seems
B. promises
C. appears
D. looks
17.He ____ much younger than he really is.
A. appears
B. grows
C. becomes
D. turns
18.You____ very pale. Do you feel sick?
A. looked
B. look
C. looking
D. are looked
19.His wish to become a driver has ____true.
A. turned
B. realized
C. come
D. grown
20.Her father ____a writer.
A. turned
B. grew
C. has turned
D. has become
助动词专项训练
1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.
a. have
b. will have
c. has
d. shall has
2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.
a. will rise
b. shall rise
c. should rise
d.would rise
3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.
a. has made
b. have made
c. had made
d. having made
4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.
a. don ’ t/had
b. didn’ t/have
c. didn’ t/ha
d. don’ t/have
完好版高中英语系动词及助动词精讲及练习解说
5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?
a. Do/have come
b. Did/will have come
c. Does/will come
d. Do/will have come
6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.
a. was runing
b. was running
c. were running
d. is running
7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.
a. has/was asked
b. have/were asked
c. had/is asked
d. had/was asked
8. “ ______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.
a. Should
b. Can
c. Might
d. May
9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.
a. they may not at all
b. all they may not
c. they can’ t dall.all they can’ t
10. “ We didn ’ t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “ He ______ it.”
a. mustn ’ t attend
b. cannot have attended
c. would have not attended
d. needn ’ t have attended
11. “ You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’ t you?”
“ No, officer. I ______. This car can’ t do more than 80.”
a. didn’ t need to be
b. may not have been
c. couldn’ t have been
d. needn
’ t hav
12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.
a. might
b. succeeded to
c. would
d. was able to
13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat.
a..are co-operating
b. had not cooperated-
c. won’-operateco
d. didn-’operateco
14.I hoped ______ my letter.
a. her to answer
b. that she would answer
c. that she answers
d. her answering
15.He ______ live in the country than in the city.
a. prefers
b. likes to
c. had better
d. would rather
16.______ to see a film with us today?
a. Did you like
b. Would you like
c. Will you like
d. Have you liked
17.I ’ m sorry,tbuIhad no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.
a. must do
b. had to do
c. ought to have done
d. have to do
18. “ Time is running out,______?”
a. hadn ’ t we better got start
b. hadn ’ t we better get start
b. hadn ’ t we better get started. hadn’ t we better not started
19.No one ______ that to his face.
a. dares say
b. dares saying
c. dare say
d. dare to say
20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.
a. need
b. ought
c. must
d. dare
21.You ______ last week if you were really serious about your work.
a. ought to come
b. ought to be coming
c. ought have come
d. ought to have come
22.The elephants ought ______ hours ago by the keepers.
a. to be fed
b. to feed
c. to being fed
d. to have been fed
23. “ I wonder why they’ re late.” “ They ______ the train.
a. can have missed
b. could miss
c. may have missed
d. might miss
24. “ Tom graduated from college at a very young age.”“ He ______ have been an outstanding student.”
a. must
b. could
c. should
d. might
25.You ______ the examination again since you had already passed it.
a. needn ’ t have taken
b. didn’ ’ t taked. mustn
26.He is really incompetent! The letter ______ yesterday.
a. should be finished typing
b. must be finished typing
c. must have finished typing
d. should have been finished typing
27.The boy told his father that he would rather ______ an astronaut.
a. become
b. to become
c. becoming
d. became
”
’ t take
28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we ______.
a. needed not to hurry
b. needn ’ t have hurried
c.need not to have hurried
d. didn ’ t need to hurry
29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_____ you like to have dinner with us tonight?
a. will
b. won ’ t
c. wouldn’dt. do
30.He was afraid what he had done ______ a disastrous effect on his career.
a. might have
b. could be
c. have been
d. shall be
31.He ______ hardly say anything more, since you know about it.
a. don ’ t need to
b. needn’t
c. needs
d. need
32.You ______ the look on his face when he won the prize.
a. would have seen
b. should have seen
c. must see
d. can be seeing
33.Some people think the stock market will crash, but ______.
a. I wonder if it happens
b. I doubt if it will happen
c. I am afraid it wouldn’ t dhappen.Idoubt if it does happen
34. “ Whatever has happened to George?” “ I don’ t know. He ______ lost.”
a. can have got
b. may have got
c. might get
d. could get
35.He has no idea what the book is about. He ______read the book.
a. couldn’
b.t couldn’ t have
c. mightn’ t have
d. shouldn’ t have
36.New studies show that two of Saturn’ s rings ______ longer than the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar System.
a. could have lasted
b. should have lasted
c. would have lasted
d. must be lasting
37.Take the telescope with you in case you ______ it in your expedition.
a. will need
b. would need
c. should need
d. could need
38.Need he come at once? Yes, he ______.
a. must
b. must not
c. need
d. may
39.Please answer the phone. It ______ be by your father. If it is, would you tell that
I want to see him?
a. will
b. should
c. would
d. could
’ ll never give in whatever they ______ say or do.
a. may
b. will
c. shall
d. should
41.With all this work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night.
a. mustn ’ t go
b. wouldn’ t go
c. oughtn’ t go
d. shouldn’ t have gone
42.Everyone ______ the cake because there wasn’ t even a small piece left.
a. must like
b. must have liked
c. must have been liking
d. had liked
43.I wish to recollect where I met her, ______?
a. would I
b. may I
c. may not I
d. can I
44.I ______ think he will ______ dare the risk.
a. not/ ..
b. do/not
c. ../not
d. don ’ t/..
45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it ______ be active.
a. may not
b. must
c. might
d. is not
46.You ______ your seats today if you want to go to the game.
a. had better to reserve
b. had better reserve
c. had to better reserve
d. had to reserve better
47.I ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.
a. would rather not have
b. would not rather had
c. rather would not have
d. rather not would have
48.Many scientists ______ their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients.
a. would rather to believe
b. would rather believe
c. rather would believe
d. will rather believe
49.To travel from England to Scotland you ______ a passport.
a. haven ’ t got
b. mustn ’ t have
c. needn ’dt. don ’ t need
50.One of the statements ______ to be untrue.
a. is turned out
b. has turned out
c. have been turned out
d. have turned out
51.I don’ t know whether it will rain or not, but if it ______ rain, I shall stay at home.
a. will
b. did
c. does
d. shall
52. “ You’ d like some tea,______?”
a. wouldn’ t you
b. shouldn’ t you
c. hadn’ t you
d. didn’ t you
53. “ May we take the books out?”
a. No, you may not
b. No, you can not
c. No, you can d’. Pleaset don’ t
54. “ I would have come sooner, but I ______ that you were waiting.
”
a. didn’ t know
b. hasn’ t known
c. hadn’ t know
d. haven’ t known
55.If you don’ t want to, you ______ to get there with us.
a. mustn ’bt. can ’ct. don ’ t haved. have not
56.I would go to visit them but I ______ think they are anxious to see me.
a. haven ’bt. don ’ct. doesn ’t’ t
57.Whatever you can do,______.
a. I can do so as well
b. I can do this as well
c.I can do it as well
d. I can do as well
58._____ I realized the consequences I would never have contemplated getting
involved.
a. Had
b. Have
c. Having
d. Has
59. “ Perhaps she is working for John.” “ Yes, she ______ for him.”
a.need have been working
b. may be working
c.ought have been working
d. ought be working
60. “ I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didn’ t open the door. ______ the bell.”
a. may not be hearing
b. may not have heard
c.must not have heard
d. must not be hearing
61.“ He was smoking.” “ Then he ______ .”
a.ought to have been not smoking
b. ought to have not been smoking
c.ought not to have been smoking
d. ought to not have been smoking
62.You ______ out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold.
a. oughtn’ ’ t have gone
c. mustn ’ t have gone
d. can ’ tvehagone
63. “ Paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a
lorry.”
“ He _____ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.”
a. shouldn’ ’ t have been riding
c.oughtn ’ t have beenidingr
d. can ’ t have been riding
64.I am listening. But you ______.
a. need be listening
b. should be listening
c. need have been listening
d. ought be listening
65.He ______ with us last night.
a.would have liked to go
b. should like to be going
c.should be liked to go
d. would like to go
66.I ______ his face when he opened the letter.
a. should like you to see
b. would have liked you to be seen
c.should like you to have seen
d. would like you to see
67.You say you ______ do it, but I say you ______ do it.
a. ought not/could
b. will not/shall
c. could not/need
d. shall not/ought
68.We ______ put the meeting off for a week.
a. can as well
b. will as well
c. shall as well
d. may as well
69.______ wind your watch every day?
a. Do you need
b. Must you have to
c. Have you to
d. Do you have to
70.______ give him a chance to try?
a. Oughtn ’ t to we
b. Oughtn ’ t we to
c. Ought to we not
d. Oughtn ’ t we
71. “ Did you blame him for his mistakes?” “ ______”
a. I’ d rathernot do
b. I’ d not rather do
c. I’ d better not do
d. I’ d rather not doin
72.You had better ______ your hair cut.
a. had
b. have
c. to get
d. to have
73.My sister didn’ t go to the party last night because she ______ the baby for her
friend until 9:30.
a.must have looked after
b. would have to look after
c.had to look after
d. should have looked after
74.Mary is very late, she ______.
a.may miss her train
b. may have missed her train
c.must miss her train
d. could miss her train
75.No matter what you may say, he ______ to his own views.
a.would always stick
b. will always stick
c. should always stick
d. must always stick to
’ s wonderful that you ______ have achieved so much in these years.
a. may
b. can
c. should
d. would
77.The students asked whether he ______ take the books out of the reading-room.
a. could
b. might
c. should
d. would
78.He ______ still be thinking about the question you raised.
a. may
b. might
c. must
d. should
79.I ’ d be glad if you____ give me an account of the fact.
a.shall
b. should
c. would
d. may
80.He ______ accomplish the task in time.
a. did
b. has
c. is
d. do
系答案与解析
1.B What ’s...like?是人或事物的性特点情况的交用，答中常含有明性
特点情况的形容。

2. A sound 表示“听起来”，后边接形容作表，答案B、C、D 均副。

3.D 若人或事物的情况化是永久性的或以扭的坏化，用系
go 表示。

4.C run wild 是固定搭配，表示“放不”。

5.A sound 表示“听起来”，后边接 as if 引的表从句，表示主所表示的特点、状或性作出的反及判断。

6.C feel 作系用，表示“( 西 )摸上去令人有某种感”。

7.B as if 引表从句，从句作生在主句作以前，从句用去完成式。

8.D “It seems that ⋯”表示“看起来⋯⋯”。

是固定句型，依照必然的事所得出
的一种凑近于情况的判断。

9.D taste表示“ 起来” ，是系，后边接形容作表。

10.A feel 表示“(某物 )摸上去 (令人 )有某种感” ，是系，用于一般
在。

11.C fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，依照意，用去。

12.B get 表示“逐⋯⋯起来”、“开始⋯⋯起来” ，是系，多用于行。

13.A prove 表示“ 明是” ，是系。

14.D smell 表示“有⋯⋯的气味”、“散气味” ，是系，后边接形容。

15.C belike 表示“看起来像” ，既可指容颜，又可指品和特点，重于特
征。

16.B promise 表示“有⋯⋯的可能”、“ 人以⋯⋯的期望” ，是系，后边接名作表。

17.A appear表示“看起来” ，是系。

重于在表面人某种印象，常“假想”。

18.B look 表示“显得”、“看起来”时，是系动词，后边接形容词作表
语，用进行时态，常带有感情色彩。

19.C come true是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中 come 是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。

20.D become表示“变成”，作系动词用，在后边作表语的名词前要加 a 或 an。

turn 后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。

助动词练习答案
1B19C37C55C73C
2D20B38A56B74B
3A21D39D57D75B
4C22D40A58A76C
5D23C41D59B77A
6B24A42B60B78B
7D25B43B61C79C
8B26D44D62B80A
9C27A45B63A
10B28B46B64B
11C29C47A65A
12D30A48B66C
13C31D49D67B
14B32B50B68D
15D33B51C69D
16B34B52A70B
17B35B53D71A
18C36A54A72B。