医学院校研究生英语读与写（第三版）词汇题与完形整理

医学院校研究⽣英语读与写（第三版）词汇题与完形整理The doctor patient-relationship is the foundation of modern medical ethics. What will be the touchstone the profession may need with the charge of the doctor-relationship? 医患关系是现代医德的基础。

在医⽣关系的管理上，这个⾏业可能需要什么样的试⾦⽯？
First of all, instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by altrusim and fidelity, more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever before and usually neither has truly free choice in the matter. ⾸先，与以往任何时候相⽐，更多的病⼈和医⽣在合同期内见⾯，⽽不是通过⾼视阔步和忠诚来管理医患关系，在这件事上，他们通常
医⽣来说是很少见的，因为他们需要与成对和不成对的医⽣按照⼩组安排来照顾同⼀个家庭的⼏代⼈，并
由管理式医疗计划选择和取消选择。

Thirdly, the information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms. Medical practice in no longer personal and the managed care's ethical foundation is population-based.第三，从病⼈⾝上学到的或关于病⼈的信息似乎是公开的，医疗记录的保密性似乎是蚯蚓的⾷物。

医疗实践不再是个⼈和管理关怀的伦理基础，⽽是以群体为基础的。

总之，个体医患关系可能仍然是医学中最重要的关系，⾄少对医⽣⽽⾔是如此，基于⽀付者和患
P79
1)The Swiss argue that the debate on client confidentiality /touches on/broader moral issues
concerning the relationship between citizens and state.
瑞⼠辩称，关于客户保密的辩论涉及公民与国家之间关系的更⼴泛的道德问题。

2)Attendance Tracking Managements is an integral part of effective human resources
management.
考勤管理是有效⼈⼒资源管理的重要组成部分。

3)The president believed they had by getting involved in political
activities.
总统认为他们参与政治活动违反了军事法规。

4) that the causes of unemployment lie
in /the obstacles to the mechanism that supposedly ensure the clearing of the labor market.
本⽂并不是从⼀个正统的教条开始的，即失业的原因在于所谓的确保劳动⼒市场畅通的机制的障碍。

5)I know these things go on in the world, but I do not want to know the gory details because I
become extremely angry.
6)The book is very revealing about young people’s view of themselves.
这本书揭⽰了年轻⼈对⾃⼰的看法。

7)W
saying you can’t come.
8)
9)agreed to waive any right of appeal.
作为协议的⼀部分，被告同意放弃上诉的任何权利
10)She was obsessed with the idea that she was being watched.
她⼀⼼想着有⼈监视她。

P94
1.
speeding ticket; even we will suffer from some consequences we may expect.
我们应该以与安全相适应的速度开车，或者⾄少我们会收到⼀张超速罚单；甚⾄我们也会遭受⼀些我们可能预料到的后果。

Compossible adj. 可共存的
Consistent adj. 始终如⼀的，⼀致的；坚持的
Consonant adj. 辅⾳的；⼀致的；和谐的n. 辅⾳；辅⾳字母
2.Unfortunately, all these proof techniques are invalid and, hence, one should not use them in
assignments, workshops, exams, papers, etc.
不幸的是，所有这些证明技巧都是⽆效的，因此，⼈们不应该在作业、研讨会、考试、论⽂等中使⽤它们。

Null adj.⽆效的（法律），⽆价值的；等于零的
Morbid adj.病态的；由病引起的；恐怖的；病变部位的
3.In this project I would like to prove that autonomous learning is extremely beneficial for
language learners. It prepares students for easier step into adulthood.
在这个项⽬中，我想证明⾃主学习对语⾔学习者是⾮常有益的。

它为学⽣更容易地步⼊成年做准备。

Self-existent adj. 独⽴存在的；⾃存的
Substantive adj. 有实质的；⼤量的；真实的；独⽴存在的n. 名词性实词；独⽴存在的实体
4.When a sentence asks, requests, or commands someone to do something, usually dropping
the subject, simply the verb, it is said to be in the
当⼀个句⼦要求、要求或命令某⼈做某事时，通常省略主语，简单地说就是动词，这就被称为祈使语⽓。

5.The most important thing to remember when using correlative conjunctions is that the words,
phrases, or clauses that are put together must be the same type. That means that nouns must be put together with other nouns, verbs with other verbs, adjectives with other adjectives, and so on.
在使⽤相关连词时，最重要的是要记住组合在⼀起的单词、短语或从句必须是同⼀类型的。

这意味着名词必须与其他名词、动词与其他动词、形容词与其他形容词组合在⼀起，等等。

**（从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。

例如：
(4) He said that he did not want to go .
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.
(6) You may come if you want to.
从属连词⽤来连接各种从句。

until(till)直到，在⽤until表达时间状语的句⼦中，主句中的动词是要⼗分⼩⼼去选择的。

如动词是持续性动词，它要⽤肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截⽌性动词，则要⽤否定句，如:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.由since, for, by, before, 来引导的时间状语从句。

since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如:I have studied English since 1990.⽽by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.）
6.The pursuance of professionalism in the leadership culture is an intriguing subject to be
given to address you on especially for a person like myself who has spent most of my life as Minister (head of church) in a church and as a social activist.
领导⽂化中对专业精神的追求是⼀个很有趣的话题，尤其是对于像我这样的⼈来说，我⼀⽣中⼤部分时间都是在教堂做牧师（教会领袖）和社会活动家。

7. A precise characterization is given for the class of security policies enforceable with
mechanisms that work by monitoring system execution, and automata are introduced for
安全策略的精确描述，该类安全策略可通过监视系统执⾏来实施，并引⼊⾃动机来精确地指定该类安全策略。

Executable adj. 可执⾏的；可实⾏的
Comply（with）comply vi. 遵守；顺从，遵从；答应
8.The House of Representatives has failed to override President Bush’s veto of legislation
approved by Congress that would have expanded a government-subsidized children’s health insurance program.
众议院未能推翻布什总统否决国会通过的扩⼤政府补贴⼉童健康保险计划的⽴法。

Repeal vt. 废除，废⽌，撤销（法律、议会法案）；放弃；否定n. 废除，撤销
revoke vt. 撤回，取消；废除vi. 有牌不跟n. 有牌不跟
9.However, a direct hit by a full-force tornado will likely obliterate any kind of frame structure.
然⽽，龙卷风的直接冲击可能会摧毁任何⼀种框架结构。

很多⼈会告诉你，最安全的地⽅是地下加固结构。

Abrogate vt. 废除；取消(条约)
Submerge vt. 淹没；把…浸⼊；沉浸vi. 淹没；潜⼊⽔中；湮没
P199
T he little girl didn’t have enough money so she cajoled her boyfriend into buying her a new dress.哄骗
●According to British law, justice works on the premise that an accused person is innocent
until proven guilty.
●It is a delicate job which cannot be done by a layman, but in which a variety of professional
skills will be deployed.
这是⼀项外⾏做不到的棘⼿的⼯作/精细作业，但其中会运⽤各种专业技能。

⼩⼥孩⼀看到⼫体就发抖。

她马上就差点晕过去。

●The shop has been enjoying public praise for a long time, but it’s inevitable that /there will
be the occasion disgruntled customer.
●Anyone with an annual income of less than $5,000 may be eligible to apply, or may be
regarded as a potential tax dodger.
●In south Korea in August, Roble finished first in the 110 meters but was disqualified for
impeding Liu, who ended up winning a silver medal after being on course for gold.
今年8⽉，在韩国，罗伯在110⽶⽐赛中获得第⼀名，但因妨碍刘翔⽽被取消资格，但因妨碍刘翔⽽被取消参赛资格，刘翔在参加完⾦牌争夺后最终获得银牌。

●Yesterday, staff at the hospital were officially rebuked for telling patients they had cancer
over the phone.
昨天，医院的⼯作⼈员因在电话中告诉病⼈他们得了癌症⽽受到官⽅指责。

P118
●The investigation was brought about by the determination of a sole plaintiff.
这项调查是由唯⼀的原告⼈的决定引起的。

Accused criminal witness
●The more time, energy and money you spend acquiring pertinent knowledge, the more
control you have over your life.
你花在获取相关知识上的时间、精⼒和⾦钱越多，就更能掌控⾃⼰⼈⽣。

Perspective n.：态度,观点,思考⽅法,客观判断⼒,权衡轻重的能⼒,透视法
●C hina’s top legislature might add mental distress in criminal cases to the conditions
covered under the country’s first tort law.
中国最⾼⽴法机关可能会将刑事案件中的精神困扰纳⼊中国第⼀部侵权法所涵盖的条件。

Tough adj.：艰苦的, 艰难的, 棘⼿的naught adj.：⽆价值的adv.：决⽆
●The authorities had agreed to waive normal requirements for permits to cross the border.
当局同意放弃对越境许可证的正常要求。

Wrench n.扳⼿reckon v.：想,认为，估计stimulate
●She threatened legal action against the newspaper for breach of copyright.
●The rate and duration of China’s economic growth have no historical precedent.
中国经济增长的速度和持续时间没有历史先例。

Descendent n.：后裔；派⽣物adj.：派⽣的；降落的；世袭的
demonstration n.：集会⽰威,游⾏⽰威,⽰范,⽰范表演,演⽰,证明,证实,论证,说明
illustration.：(书、杂志等中的)图表，插图,图解,图⽰,例释,(说明事实的)故事，实例，⽰例
●For some industrial scientists, the attraction of academia outweigh any financial
consideration
Outlive v.⽐…活得长（在…结束或消失后）继续存在
Outline v.：概述,略述,显⽰…的轮廓,勾勒…的外形n.：概述,梗概,轮廓线,略图
Outcome
●Appropriation or damaging of state or collective property by any organization or individual
by whatever means is prohibited.
禁⽌任何组织或者个⼈以任何⽅式侵占或者破坏国家财产或者集体财产。

Appropriation挪⽤,拨款,占⽤,据为⼰有
Appreciation Approach
●An honest person can have many legitimate personal or business reasons for private
communications.
⼀个诚实的⼈可以有许多正当的个⼈或商业理由进⾏私⼈交流。

Humble modest considerate
●Let’s look at a sample case study to better understand why this is a malpractice 失误.
Malnutrition mispractice⽆misnutrition⽆
P131
●The arrays were placed directly on the brain of a volunteer patient with epilepsy whose skull
had already been opened to measure aberrant electrical signals that trigger seizures.
这些阵列直接放置在⼀名患有癫痫的志愿者的⼤脑上，该患者的颅⾻已经被打开，以测量引发癫痫发作的异常电信号。

Flashing n. （防屋顶等渗⽔的）防⽔板，遮⾬板v. （使）闪耀，闪光；（向……）⽤光发出（信号）；
●To the end, he said he and Mr. Trump discussed ways to improve infrastructure along that
US-Mexico border to facilitate trade. Restrict initiate ban
最后，他说他和特朗普讨论了改善美墨边境基础设施以促进贸易的⽅法。

●Taking long-term courses of certain medication may increase vulnerability to infection.
Subjectivity objectivity主客观性长期服⽤某些药物可能会增加感染的可能性。

●The recent spike in food prices around the world is because of rising energy costs.
最近全球⾷品价格飙升是因为能源成本上升。

Spear sphere plight ⽭球困境
●Fingerprints left on the only knife on the island mansion were the smoking gun for the
murder.
岛上豪宅⾥唯⼀⼀把⼑上留下的指纹是谋杀案的冒烟枪。

Somker’s gun big gun starting gun
●All the charitable endeavors in this world only manage to bring poverty into greater relief;
they show it more terrible and unintelligible than utter dereliction.
全世界的慈善⾏为所能做的仅仅是减轻贫穷⽽已，⽐起不闻不问，它们的⾏为其实让贫穷变得更可怕、更模糊。

Unabsorbent *unabsorbed：adj. 不全神贯注的；未被吸收的
unacknowledged adj.：未得到应有的感激(或赞赏)的,不被承认存在(或真实)的,
unamiable adj. 不友好的；不和蔼的
●The fact that so many people have posted comments on this topic shows how pervasive ant
complicated it is.
有这么多⼈在这个话题上发表了评论，这说明蚂蚁是多么的复杂。

Passive adverse favorable
●Blind, deaf and mentally retarded children are sent to special education schools.
盲、聋、弱智⼉童被送到特殊教育学校。

Radical rising rational
●The funeral arrangements were out of keeping with the family’s wished.
葬礼的安排不符合这个家庭的意愿。

In collusion with 勾结, hand in glove with和……狼狈为奸, along with
●The strip of flexible material wraps around the back of the head and covers the side of the
eyes, blocking up to 60 percent of a wearer’s peripheral vision.
这条柔性材料包裹在头部的后⾯，并覆盖头部的侧⾯眼睛，遮挡了佩戴者60%的周边视觉。

Focal 焦点的,焦点,局灶性double distance
P139
These risks association remained statistically significant even after the authors limited the analyses to children who were born neither pre-term nor underweight and who had no obvious distress at birth (Apgar score above 6). 即使在作者将分析局限于既没有早产⼜没有体重过轻且出⽣时没有明显抑郁症状的孩⼦（Apgar评分⾼于6）之后，这些风险关联仍然具有统计学意义。

This suggests that the
observation cannot be entirely explained by detrimental effects on the fetus due to mother’s autoimmune disease. 这表明，这⼀观察不能完全⽤母亲⾃⾝免疫疾病对胎⼉的有害影响来解释。

Combined with other research evidence, the authors speculated that certain autoimmune diseases may share a common genetic root with autism.结合其他研究证据，作者推测某些⾃⾝免疫性疾病可能与⾃闭症有共同的遗传根源。

Other autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease, in parents and siblings were not significantly associated with autism spectrum disorders in the study children. ⽗母和兄弟姐妹中的其他⾃⾝免疫性疾病，例如多发性硬化症，⽜⽪癣和克罗恩⽒病，与被研究⼉童的⾃闭症谱系障碍没有明显关系。

Furthermore, a family history of thyrotoxicosis was the only autoimmune disease spectrum that was associated with a lower risk of autism grants disorder.
此外，有甲状腺功能亢进家族史是唯⼀与较低的孤独症风险相关的⾃⾝免疫性疾病谱系。

The study was published in the August pediatrics and was funded by studied from the U.S national institute of mental health and the Aarhus university research foundation in Denmark.这项研究发表在8⽉份的《⼉科学》(pediatrics)杂志上。

并由美国⼤学的研究资助。

美国国家⼼理健康研究所和丹麦奥尔胡斯⼤学研究基⾦会。

P152
●His ambiguous directions confused us: we did not know which of the two roads to take.
●For this reason, I believe that this article should be subject to much more scrutiny.
因此，我认为这篇⽂章应该受到更多的审查。

●Greed has deadened him to what other people are suffering.
●Objectivism and subjectivism has the similar main points with that of metaphysical history.
客观主义和主观主义与形⽽上学历史有着相似的要点。

只要他愿意⽀付费⽤，那么他就会遵守法律。

●He said he was on the verge of an evolutionary breakthrough.
他说他即将在进化上取得突破。

●For most people, few things evoke fear like the image of a great white shark.
对⼤多数⼈来说，很少有事情能像⼤⽩鲨那样唤起恐惧。

●“cruelty” means any infliction of unnecessary pain or distress on an animal whether by deliberate act or neglect.
“残忍”是指通过故意的⾏为或疏忽对动物造成不必要的痛苦或痛苦。

●In statistics alone, Katrina was one of the worst disasters to befall the United States.
单从统计数据来看，卡特⾥娜飓风是美国遭受的最严重灾难之⼀。

●Evil cannot be defeated overnight, but constant vigilance can keep it at bay, unable to harm us here at home.
邪恶不可能在⼀夜之间被打败，但是持续的警觉可以让它远离，不能在家⾥伤害我们。

P166
●Foods with a low-glycemic are absorbed more slowly thus keeping insulin levels more stable.
●The truth will be undeniable as all that we reveal can be supported by irrefutable evidence. Unambiguous
●Any break in the skin, even a pinprick, provides an opening for dangerous germs.
Drop sip v.：⼩⼝喝,抿clip v.：夹住,别住,被夹住,n.：⼀⼩⼝(饮料)
●Underground mining can cause the surface Deformation, and in turn induce the additional stress in the buildings in the mining area.
地下开采引起地表变形，进⽽引起矿区建筑物的附加应⼒。

reformation transformation
●inhibitor Is a substance which delays or prevents a chemical reaction.
●Disneyland is nothing but a hyper-real simulation of a theme park as if it were a small town. Stimulation n decoration duplication
迪斯尼乐园不过是⼀个超真实的主题公园模拟，就好像它是⼀个⼩镇。

●The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy, or energy
of motion.
物体因运动⽽拥有的能量称为动能或运动能。

Aerobic, anaerobic, surviving
●Once the robot can mimic facial expressions in a social context, the researchers plan to use
him in an “automatic tutoring’ experiment.
⼀旦机器⼈能够在社交环境中模仿⾯部表情，研究⼈员计划⽤它进⾏“⾃动辅导”实验。

模仿⼈的⾏为举⽌
P55
●It is mandated in the regulations that the laid-off workers can get tax credits when they run
their business.
条例规定，下岗职⼯经营企业可以享受税收抵免。

●This directive applies to all apparatus liable to cause electromagnetic disturbance or the
performance of which is to be affected by such disturbance.
本指⽰适⽤于所有易引起电磁⼲扰或其性能会受电磁⼲扰影响的设备。

●Without receiving any advance warning, the coastal cities in Southeast Asia sustained heavy
losses from the hurricane last year.
在没有收到任何预警的情况下，东南亚沿海城市去年遭受了飓风的严重损失。

●This cancer co-operative group organization provides information about cancer clinical trails,
cancer research, patient advocates, drugs for cancer, experimental cancer treatments and
general cancer treatment.
这个癌症合作组织提供有关癌症临床试验、癌症研究、患者倡导者、癌症药物、实验性癌症治疗和⼀般癌症治疗的信息。

●On behalf of U.S secretary of energy Samuel W. Bodman, I am pleased to announce that the
united states supports the decision of …
我谨代表美国能源部长塞缪尔·博德曼宣布，美国⽀持
●The shop carries suits, coats, shirts, and miscellaneous accessories.
这家商店出售西服、⼤⾐、衬衫和各种配件。

●The legislative counsel committee claims copyright protection in those parts of Oregon
revised statute that are legally subject to copyright protection.⽴法顾问委员会要求在俄勒冈州修订的法规中受版权保护的部分进⾏版权保护。

●The government has empowered the police with absolute authority to stop anybody in the
street during racial conflict.
政府授权警察在种族冲突期间绝对有权阻⽌任何⼈在街上。

●Methadone is used by heroin addicts as part of a program to wean them off the drug.
美沙酮是海洛因成瘾者戒毒计划的⼀部分。

●They agree that a sound and stable relationship between China and the United States is good
to help establish a durable peace on the Korean Peninsula.
他们⼀致认为，中美建⽴健全稳定的关系，有利于朝鲜半岛建⽴持久和平。