2016上海卷
2016年高考地理上海卷(超高清WORD)
河流水渠小路2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海地理卷本试卷共10页，满分150分,考试试卷120分钟。
全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题；第二大题为综合分析题，包括共同部分和选做部分。
一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分.每小题只有一个正确答案)（一）太空中隐藏着无限的奥秘，人类对太空的探索越来越深入……1.人类在探月过程中发现，月球表面覆盖着厚厚的月壤。
月壤的形成主要是由于月球表面 A 。
平均温度过低 B.平均温度过高 C 。
温度变化无常 D.昼夜温差过大 2。
2018年我国将发射嫦娥4号飞行器,实现人类首次在月球背面软着陆。
飞行器在月球表面会受到诸多来自宇宙空间的威胁，其中人类难以估计的威胁可能是月球表面A 。
空气太稀薄B 。
宇宙辐射太强 C.陨石撞击太多 D (二）下图为北半球中纬度某地,半个月内清晨6点出现的月相示意图。
3。
当月球出现在天际最高位置甲处时，其月相是 A.满月 B 。
上弦月 C 。
新月 D.下弦月4。
当月球出现在天际的乙位置时,有可能发生的现象是A 。
日食、大潮 B.日食、小潮 C 。
月食、大潮 D. （三）北京(40°N数据（见下表). 5.从第一次到第三次测量期间，该地昼夜长短状况及其变化是 A 。
先昼短夜长，后昼长夜短，昼渐短 B.先昼长夜短，后昼短夜长,夜渐短 C 。
先昼短夜长,后昼长夜短，夜渐短 D.先昼长夜短,后昼短夜长，昼渐短 6。
三次测量中，其中一次测量的当天,正值A 。
春分日 B.夏至日 C.秋分日 D.冬至日（四)等高线图可以反映一个地方的地貌特征.下图为某地区等高线（单位：m ）图。
7。
图中主体部分表示的地表景观最可能是A 。
新月形沙丘 B.山地梯田 C 。
三角洲平原 D 。
滨海沙滩8。
图中河流的流向及河流与水渠的关系是 A.河流自南向北流，河流水补给水渠 B 。
河流自北向南流，河流水补给水渠C 。
河流自北向南流，水渠水汇入河流D.河流自南向北流,水渠水汇入河流 (五）火山是地球奉献给人类的最伟大奇观之一。
【英语】2016年高考真题——上海卷(解析版)
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables.C. Cooking a meal.D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, mymum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to workeffectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I a sked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,… ①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After al l, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. I t can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons S cience and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think throug h how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, bu t Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how c ompanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times, it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we c an influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80. The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016年高考试题(英语)上海卷 解析版
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During tha t time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from 32. how【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
2016年高考上海卷英语试题(含解析)
绝密★启用前考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before31. from 32. how在句中作状语。
(精校版)2016年上海英语高考(含答案)
2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first. B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money. B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education. B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school. B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news. B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuckat home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的) thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures,particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection B(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,… ①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her h arum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My pan ic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s ch anging atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Comm ons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will us e our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal informat ion have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CWalking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may n ot seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bossesclaim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which wi ll be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?_______________________________________________________________________________________ 79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?_______________________________________________________________________________________80. The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one esca lator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.Translation1. 我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016年高考英语真题试卷(上海卷)【答案加解析】
2016年高考英语真题试卷（上海卷）一.语法填空。
1.（2016•上海）阅读短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，必要时进行词形变化。
(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. ________ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and ________ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in ________ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she ________ (do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop ________ (buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. ________ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret ________me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by ________ selfless she was.2.（2016•上海）语法填空。
2016年高考上海卷语文试题(卷)与答案
绝密★启封并使用完毕前试题类型：2016年全国高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置．3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效．4．考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回．一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。
有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。
②拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲“版本的批评”；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次“四折本”，哪一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特是不是作者现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。
③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。
这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。
至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。
从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。
欣赏之前要有了解。
只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。
但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。
⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。
通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。
第一种错误是穿凿附会。
他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。
他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。
2016年高考英语上海卷-答案
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语答案解析I Listening ComprehensionSection A1.【答案】D【解析】听力原文：M: So, what do you think of the new shopping center?W: I went there yesterday and it is not as good as I expected.Q: What does the woman think of the shopping center?2.【答案】B【解析】听力原文：M: How long will we stay at the cam?W: We’ll stay there for one night. That is, we will leave the camp on August 7th.Q: When will the speakers arrive at the camp?3.【答案】A【解析】听力原文：M: We are famous for our barbecue pork with rice. Would you like to have some?W: Er... I don’t think so. I am not a big fan of Barbarella pork.Q: Who is most probably the man?4.【答案】B【解析】听力原文：M: Can I stay here for just another minute? I really need to look up something on Shakespeare. W: Sorry. Everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelves when the closing bell is sounded. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?5.【答案】D【解析】听力原文：M: Wasn’t the show any good?W: The show is good, but I could hardly see the stage from my seat.Q: What does the woman mean?6.【答案】C【解析】听力原文：M: Do you have your break, lunch and dinner at the cafeteria?W: I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7.【答案】B【解析】听力原文：M: Are you going to put the seeds of tomatoes into the soil, too?W: I think there is plenty of space to the right of the cucumbers.Q: What are the speakers most probably doing?8.【答案】C【解析】听力原文：M: The Morson Company turned down my application. I don’t how I can do without a job.W: Well, don’t take it so hard. Something else will turn up.Q: What does the woman mean?9.【答案】C【解析】听力原文：W: Good morning! This is Clean Air hot line. May I help you?M: Yes, I’d like to report a smoking vehicle running on King Street.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.【答案】A【解析】听力原文：W: I think the film is good because it is scary. And the special effects are amazing.M: It would deserve an award if it weren’t for its last part.Q: What does the man think of the film?Section B11.【答案】C12.【答案】D13.【答案】A【解析】听力原文：Not everyone knows clearly how to build personal savings, but a savings plan started on a website has helped many put away a nice tidy sum. The fifty-two week money challenge is simple and if it is maintained, it will result in 1378dollars in your savings account each year. It starts with saving an amount equaling 1 dollar in week 1, 2 dollars in week 2, 3 dollars in week 3, and continues right through the year until 52 dollars in week 52. While these are small in significant amounts, at the end of the year, you will have enough for an emergency fund, family celebration or holiday.Another simple way of building some savings is by depositing as little as two percent of your monthly income into a savings account. The key is that before bills and living expenses start to eat away your salary, you should put aside the savings portion of your pay. Once you have reached a thousand dollars, you’ll find you probably have the motivation to continue to save even more. Questions:11. According to the fifty-two money challenges, how much should be put away in week 3?12. What does the speaker suggest people do with their monthly income?13. What is the speaker mainly talking about?14.【答案】B15.【答案】A16.【答案】C【解析】听力原文：Life in the town of Tivaton is made up of both good news and bad news. At a local school a successful charity supper has been held. They made more than one thousand dollars and the local family in need got the majority of it. Many people came to the event and the family was very grateful. Yet the bad news is students have been made to wait outside before school. It has been really cold lately and the school should consider letting the students in to get warm before the weather gets even colder. In the town of Tivaton, a new icecream store, the Muddy Moos, is opened. It’s a great place to get icecream, coffee and other food. As for the bad news, a new bank has been built. While it is good to have a bank nearby, it has also brought much more traffic. In the morning on the way to school, it’s horrible. There is really no space for any more new buildings in the town. Tivaton is more and more like a big city. On reviewing these local news events, it seems Tivaton has a balance of good news and bad news. At least there is enough good news, so it remains a good place for the residents to enjoy their life. Questions:14. For the local family in need of help, what did they get?15. According to the speaker, what should the school do?16. What does the speaker think of the town of Tivaton?Section C17.【答案】Deadline18.【答案】photos19.【答案】stadium20.【答案】Lunch【解析】听力原文：M: Shirley, I am working on a class diary for next week. Would you please give me the information?W: Sure. First it’s the dead line for after class activity application. The dead line is next Monday, June 14th.M: Monday, June 14th.W: Yes. Then on Wednesday, that’s the 16th, all classmates have to hand in three student photos.M: Three student photos.W: OK. Next is the basketball club meeting. It’s on the 17th.M: The basketball club meeting is on the 17th. And where will they meet?W: At the stadium.M: And what time?W: From 12:45 to 1:30 p.m.M: Right.W: Then the last thing is about filling in a form with up-to-date personal data. Our class needs to go to the computer room during the morning break on the 18th. M: OK. The morning break on the 18th.W: Oh, wait a minute! I made a mistake. It should be during the lunch break.M: Got it.W: Thank you!21.【答案】a（famous）judge22.【答案】Asking for help23.【答案】Having a voice24.【答案】Sharing （with others）【解析】听力原文：M: The guest for today is Sue Walter. She is a famous judge in court. Good morning Sue!W: Good morning, Shon. I am glad to be here today.M: Your new book, My World, will be published next week. Would you please tell us the theme of your book? W: Well, I want people who have challenges in their lives to believe that despite their difficulties they can still accomplish a lot. One of my suggestions is to always ask for help.M: Right. What’s the best part of being a judge in court?W: Having a voice in the decision-making process. There is something extremely satisfying about that.M: You’ve been on the children’s program. So how do you explain your job to kids?W: I give a very simplified version of what a judge does. I talk to them about how the law helps people solve their problems.M: What’s your idea of happiness?W: I think it would be satisfaction of enjoying things with others, meaning when you give it to others, whether it’s time, attention, a gift, anything, just those moments of sharing.M: Thank you, SueII Grammar and VocabularySection A25.【答案】Wondering【解析】动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中做状语。
2016年高考上海卷语文试题(含答案)
与陆抗相对，使命交通，抗称祜之德量，虽乐毅，诸葛孔明不能过也。抗常病，祜馈之药。抗服之无疑心，人多谏抗
，抗曰：“羊祜岂鸩人者？”
④祜女夫尝劝祜有所营置，令有归载者，祜黯然不应，遂告诸子曰：“人臣树私则背公，是大惑也，汝宜识吾此意。”ຫໍສະໝຸດ （节选自《晋书·羊祜传》）
【注】①诡计：奇计。
16.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。（2分）
家之安危也。胤今日若死，此门乃开耳！”祜改容谢之，此后稀出矣。
③每与吴人交兵，克日方战，不为掩袭之计。将帅有欲进谲诈之策者，辄饮以醇酒，使不得言。吴将邓香掠夏口
，祜募生缚香，既至，宥之。香感其恩甚，率部曲而降。祜出军行吴境，刈谷为粮，皆计所侵，送绢偿之，每会众江涡
游猎，常止晋地，若禽兽先为吴人所伤而为晋兵所得者，皆封还之，于是吴人翁然悦服。称为“羊岱”，不之名也。祜
D.为“考据对欣赏是题外事”提供证据。 3.概括“法官”式文学批评的特点。（3分） 4.以下对文章的分析不恰当的一项是（）。（2分） A.第①段提出文章讨论的对象，总领全文。 B.第②~⑤段着重阐述了作者对考据的看法。 C.第⑨⑩段分别对第⑦⑧段进行了深入分析。 D.第?段总括了上文，提出了自己的主张。 5.下列推断与文章一致的一项是（）（3分） A.把考据和批评当作欣赏的人不都是学者。 B.如果不欣赏形象本身，就不能得到美感经验。 C.在考据学者们自己看来，文学批评也是一种考据。 D.“法官”式文学批评者不认为《麦克白》是一部悲剧。 6.分析作者与印象派在文学批评观点上的异同。（5分） （二）阅读下文，完成第7-11题。（18分） 湖殇熊久红 ①当一双脚站在干涸的湖底的时候，其实，那种心痛的感觉，就像是自己踩在了自己的骨头上。 ②我说的是，在西部腹地，看着被戈壁荒漠一寸寸吞噬掉的艾比湖；我说的是，面对一片白色的盐碱，以及狂风掠 过时卷起的漫漫沙尘。 ③对湖而言，它首先带给我们的，应该是那粼粼的波光，是鸥鸟的翔鸣，是蓝天白云的倒映，是渔歌唱晚的恬静 ，这些特征是湖带给我们的生活体验，也是湖应有的生命品质。而我脚下的艾比湖，正在丧失这些青春，就像一个散失 了光鲜的干瘪水果，躺成一汪奄奄一息的物证，那些越来越多从湖底裸露出来的丑陋的盐碱污泥，总是让我联想到一具 行将风干的木乃伊，一个湖的木乃伊。 ④青年时期的艾比湖有着1200平方公里的水面；有着几万乃至十几万只野鸭水鸟嬉戏的场面；有着浩浩荡荡芦苇环 卫的辽阔水域；有着长河落日大漠孤烟的宁静致远。这些深深的怀念，使得我对眼前的景象，有着撕心裂肺的悲怆。 ⑤在蛮荒的疆域里安插一个湖，应该是上帝对自己分配不公的一个补偿，她带给我们的是对绝望灵魂的抚慰，是对 生存状态的重估，是能枕着入眠的一个梦境，而这个梦，曾经真真实实地存在过，在记忆的回望里，碧波荡漾。 ⑥那是八十年代中期，一直对巴金的《海上日出》心存缱绻，期待感受红日出海的璀璨景象。新疆离海太远，使只 好以湖的的水域，模仿海的苍茫了。从首府放暑假回来，邀几位同学，骑车六十里，去艾比湖看日出，以弥补对海的贫 瘠和渴望。 ⑦由于道路的崎岖到湖边时，太阳早已三尺竿头了。没赶上看日出，却被眼前一望无际、绵延至深的芦苇荡所震撼 ，清风拂过，波涛汹涌。一如百万雄兵拥围着这一城的浩淼，湖的浅滩上，密密麻麻布满了野鸭、灰鸭、斑头雁，随便 朝水中甩一片卵石，都会惊飞几十只水鸟，空中盘旋两圈，又栖落水中。湖面很宽，即使极目远眺，也看不见对岸的轮 廓。靠近水边是一排沙滩，赤脚从上面走过，可以感受到温热潮润的细沙与脚趾间密切接触的惬意。几行浅浅的脚印 ，一派浪漫的行程。 ⑧二十多年的时间，都无法淡化湖在往事里的色彩，这幅精美的画面早已长在岁月深处，每一次温故，都在重新涂 染一遍色彩，所以，停靠在回忆中的湖，其实，一直都很鲜艳，多少次在梦里，潮涨潮落，清波涟涟。 ⑨但眼前的残败，总让人恍然隔世，觉得这个每年被大风从湖底卷起无数沙尘和盐尘的，这个每年以几平方公里的 速度一点点消失的，这个在干涸湖底随处可见禽鸟尸骨和枯苇干枝的，不是记忆里的那个湖啊！它与往日被我们时常念 想的碧水清波毫无瓜葛。 ⑩多么希望艾比湖的枯萎是一次误诊！ ?但更多时候，我们不得不面对这样一串的数字。近50年，我国失去的湖泊有243个， ?那些缭绕碧波的绿茵，那些水中游戏的鱼鸟，那些湖面泛舟的渔人，那些环湖晚炊的村庄，都随着湖的消失而泯 灭了。 ?通过同伴的结局，艾比湖一定看到了自己悲情的归宿，所以，湖才有了泪的咸涩。如果能发出呐喊，我想，湖是 一定要向上天控诉的，控诉那贪婪者破坏者无知者傲慢者控诉他们以自己的短视替子孙们挖掘着墓穴。 ?时常看到一些赞美艾比湖的文章，对它仅剩的三分之一的水域，进行热情歌颂，听上去就像是对着一个病入膏肓 的人赞美她美丽的服饰和迷人的发髻，不知道在鱼缸里长大的鱼，会不会朗诵有关海的诗句。 ? 7.第①段中的比喻贴切形象，表现力强，请加以赏析。（3分） 8.作者描绘了八十年代中期游湖所见景色，用意是。（3分）
2016年高考试题(政治)上海卷 解析版
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）政治一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
一、单选选择题（共90分，每题3分。
每题只能选一个选项）1.习近平总书记始终强调：人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。
这是因为中国共产党（）A.是我国的执政党B.以全心全意为人民服务为宗旨C.以工农联盟为基础D.是社会主义现代化建设的根本保证【答案】B【解析】中国共产党把人民对美好生活的向往作为自己的奋斗目标，这是由党的性质和宗旨决定的，故B符合题意；A与题意不构成因果关系；以工农联盟为基础指的是我国的人民民主专政，C项错误；坚持党的领导地位，坚持人民民主专政是社会主义现代化建设的根本保证，D项错误。
故选B【考点定位】共产党的宗旨【名师点睛】本题考查中国共产党的宗旨。
在学习中国共产党的相关知识时，要注意以下几个方面：中国共产党不是国家机关、不能履行国家职能、不是依法行政是依法执政、它与各民主党派的关系不是监督与被监督的关系，而是互相监督的关系。
2.在我国，由选民直接选举产生的是（）A.全国人大代表B.上海市闵行区人大代表C.湖南省人大代表D.广西壮族自治区人大代表【答案】B【解析】我国的选举方式是直接选举和间接选举相结合的。
现阶段，全国、省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州的人大代表实行间接选举；不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、民族乡、镇的人大代表实行直接选举。
故B 是直接选举，符合题意；ACD都是间接选举，与题意不符。
故选B。
【考点定位】民主选举【名师点睛】本题考查人大代表的选举方式。
在明确这个知识的基础上，我们还要明确不同的选举方式各有利弊，我们不能笼统地说哪种方式更好，必须从多个角度认识影响选举方式的因素，并学会用历史发展的辩证观点分析、判断、理解我国的选举方式的选择。
3.以下代表全国人大行使最高监督权的是A.十二届全国人大一次会议根据国家主席习近平的提名，决定国务院总理的人选B.十二届全国人大二次会议审查、批准2014年国民经济和社会发展计划C.十二届全国人大三次会议听取、审议最高人民法院的工作报告D.十二届全国人大四次会议审议《中华人民共和国慈善法（草案）》【答案】C【解析】人大的监督权是指监督宪法和法律的实施，监督“一府两院”工作的权力，故C符合题意；A是任免权的体现；B是决定权的体现；D是立法权的体现，都与题意不符。
2016年高考上海卷英语试题(解析版)
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.【答案】1.D2. B3.A4.B5.D6.C7.B8.C9.C 10.A11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C17.Deadline 18. photos 19.stadium 20. Lunch21.a(famous) judge 22.Asking for help23.Having a voice 24.Sharing (with others)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum hasbeen helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before31. from 32. how【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
2016年高考语文上海卷及答案
语文试卷 第1页（共10页）语文试卷 第2页（共10页）绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文考生注意：1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4. 考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一 阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1～6题。
（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。
有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就是把考据和批评当作欣赏。
②拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说。
英国的教授整年地讲“版本的批评”：莎士比亚的某部剧本在哪一年印第一次“四折本”，哪一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次翻印，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概读过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特”是不是作者现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字就以为至宝。
③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。
这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。
至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。
从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史的知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。
欣赏之前要有了解。
只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。
但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要。
要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。
⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。
2016年高考数学上海卷含答案
2016年 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 全 国 统 一 考 试上海 数学试卷（理工农医类）一、填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分.1、设x R ∈,则不等式13<-x 的解集为______________________2、设iiZ 23+=，期中i 为虚数单位，则Im z =______________________ 3、已知平行直线012:,012:21=++=-+y x l y x l ，则21,l l 的距离_______________4、某次体检，6位同学的身高（单位：米）分别为1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77则这组数据的中位数是_________（米）5、已知点(3,9)在函数xa x f +=1)(的图像上，则________)()(1=-x fx f 的反函数6、如图，在正四棱柱1111D C B A ABCD -中，底面ABCD 的边长为3，1BD 与底面所成角的大小为32arctan ，则该正四棱柱的高等于____________7、方程3sin 1cos2x x =+在区间[]π2,0上的解为___________8、在nx x ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-23的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于_________9、已知ABC ∆的三边长分别为3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于_________ 10、设.0,0>>b a 若关于,x y 的方程组11ax y x by +=⎧⎨+=⎩无解，则b a +的取值范围是____________11.无穷数列{}n a 由k 个不同的数组成，n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和.若对任意*∈N n ，{}3,2∈n S ，则k 的最大值为 .12.在平面直角坐标系中，已知A （1,0），B （0，-1），P 是曲线21x y -=上一个动点，则BA BP ⋅的取值范围是 .13.设[)π2,0,,∈∈c R b a ，若对任意实数x 都有()c bx a x +=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-sin 33sin 2π，则满足条件的有序实数组()c b a ,,的组数为 .14.如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，O 为正八边形821A A A 的中心，()0,11A .任取不同的两点j i A A ,，点P 满足0=++j i OA OA OP ，则点P落在第一象限的概率是 .二、选择题（5×4=20）15.设R a ∈，则“1>a ”是“12>a ”的（ ）（A ）充分非必要条件 （B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件 （D ）既非充分也非必要条件 16.下列极坐标方程中，对应的曲线为右图的是（ ） （A ）θρcos 56+= （B ）θρin s 56+= （C ）θρcos 56-= （D ）θρin s 56-=17.已知无穷等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，前n 项和为n S ，且S S n n =∞→lim .下列条件中，使得()*∈<N n S S n 2恒成立的是（ ）（A ）7.06.0,01<<>q a （B ）6.07.0,01-<<-<q a （C ）8.07.0,01<<>q a （D ）7.08.0,01-<<-<q a18、设()f x 、()g x 、()h x 是定义域为R 的三个函数，对于命题：①若()()f x g x +、()()f x h x +、()()g x h x +均为增函数，则()f x 、()g x 、()h x 中至少有一个增函数；②若()()f x g x +、()()f x h x +、()()g x h x +均是以T 为周期的函数，则()f x 、()g x 、()h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是（ ）A 、①和②均为真命题B 、①和②均为假命题C 、①为真命题，②为假命题D 、①为假命题，②为真命题三、解答题（74分）19.将边长为1的正方形11AAO O （及其内部）绕的1OO 旋转一周形成圆柱，如图，AC 长为23π，11A B 长为3π，其中1B 与C 在平面11AAO O 的同侧。
2016年高考上海卷语文试题及答案详解
绝密★启封并使用完毕前试题类型：注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置．3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效．4．考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回．一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。
有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。
②拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲“版本的批评”；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次“四折本”，哪一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特是不是作者现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。
③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。
这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。
至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。
从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。
欣赏之前要有了解。
只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。
但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。
⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。
通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。
第一种错误是穿凿附会。
他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。
他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。
第二种错误是因考据之后，便袖手旁观，不肯染指，而我是饕餮汉，对于考据家的苦心孤诣虽十二分地敬佩、感激，但我认为，最要紧的事还是伸箸把菜取到口里来咀嚼，领略领略它的滋味。
2016年高考(上海卷)及答案
2016年高考（上海卷）及答案2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分.2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回.一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。
有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。
拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲版本的批评；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次四折本，哪一年印第一次对折本，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次四折本怎样写，后来在对折本，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？哈姆雷特是不是现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。
这些功夫都属于中国人说的考据学。
这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。
至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。
从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。
欣赏之前要有了解。
只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。
但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是悠然望南山还是悠然见南山。
但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。
通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。
第一种错误是穿凿附会。
他们以为字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。
他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。
第二种错误是因考据之后，便袖手旁观，不肯染指，而我是饕餮汉，对于考据家的苦心孤诣虽十二分地敬佩、感激，但我认为，最要紧的事还是伸箸把菜取到口里来咀嚼，领略领略它的滋味。
2016年高考英语上海卷(含详细答案)
英语试卷 第1页（共36页）英语试卷 第2页（共36页）绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I 卷（第1-11页）和第II 卷 （第12页），全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答 题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在 指定位置上。
第Ⅰ卷（共103分）I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th.D. On August 8th. 3. A. A waiter.B. A butcher.C. A porter.D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office.D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasn’t interested in the show. D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard.B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again. 9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day.B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online. 10. A. Its ending is not good enough.B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. $1. B. $2. C. $3.D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1 000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account. 13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Free education. B. A sum of money. C. Donations from a local newspaper. D. Gifts from many people. 15. A. Let students in before school. B. Offer ice cream and coffee. C. Introduce a bank into the campus. D. Reduce the traffic jams around. 16. A. It lacks positive news. B. It should grow into a big city. C. It is a place worth living in. D. It remains peaceful and quiet.-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------姓名________________ 准考证号_____________Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly—we were always suddenly out of something. (25) _______ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26) ________ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27) ________ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me—why would she mot want to tell me about what she (28) ________ (do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) ________ (buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30) ________ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31) ________ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32) ________ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress (33) ________ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress (34) ________ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35) ________ (good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36) ________ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37) ________, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or (38) ________ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better (39) ________ (control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40) ________ (get) ill.英语试卷第3页（共36页）英语试卷第4页（共36页）Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 .More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose.Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.Form follows emotion.This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational（理性的）thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian（专制的）managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment（授权）has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation（委托）much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called英语试卷第5页（共36页）英语试卷第6页（共36页）Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Y eah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered ①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②,②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys.④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because_______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that “Patty Poem” leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放）from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to theinitial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissionstargets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought（干旱）and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement,after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limitingtemperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, puttingus 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrialage.英语试卷第7页（共36页）英语试卷第8页（共36页）70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what wouldhappen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperaturerise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark（认证标记）to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt,who gave evidence to the committee,says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolv rge collections of personal information have become valuable only recently,he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently given permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because_______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation!C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵）英语试卷第9页（共36页）英语试卷第10页（共36页）at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travellers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量）at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times. It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travellers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing” side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4m high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5m to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2 500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3 250 during the research period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?________________________________________________________________________ 79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?________________________________________________________________________ 80. The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least_________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for__________.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
【地理】2016年高考真题——上海卷(解析版)
上海地理试卷本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试试卷120分钟。
全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题；第二大题为综合分析题，包括共同部分和选做部分。
考生注意：1.答卷前，务必用钢笔或签字笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
2.答案必须全部涂或写在答题纸上。
所有考生应完成第一大题和第二大题的共同部分。
第二大题选做部分分为A、B两组，两组试题分值不同，A组对应于考试手册中“任选模块一”，B组对应于“任选模块二”，考试须任选一组答题。
3.应答选做部分前，应将答题纸上选做组别的识别框用2B铅笔涂黑；填涂的组别识别框必须与实际应答组别一致，如果不一致，以填涂的组别识别框为准，两组识别框全涂或不涂者得零分。
一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）（一）太空中隐藏着无限的奥秘，人类对太空的探索越来越深入……1.人类在探月过程中发现，月球表面覆盖着厚厚的月壤。
月壤的形成主要是由于月球表面A.平均温度过低B.平均温度过高C.温度变化无常D.昼夜温差过大2.2018年我国将发射嫦娥4号飞行器，实现人类首次在月球背面软着陆。
飞行器在月球表面会受到诸多来自宇宙空间的威胁，其中人类难以估计的威胁可能是月球表面A.空气太稀薄B.宇宙辐射太强C.陨石撞击太多D.月球引力太小（二）下图为北半球中纬度某地，半个月内清晨6点出现的月相示意图。
3.当月球出现在天际最高位置甲处时，其月相是A.满月B.上弦月C.新月D.下弦月4.当月球出现在天际的乙位置时，有可能发生的现象是A.日食、大潮B.日食、小潮C.月食、大潮D.月食、小潮(三)北京(40℃)某中学高中生开展地理课外活动，在连续三个月内三次测量正午太阳高度角，获得测量的数据（见下表）。
5.从第一次到第三次测量期间，该地昼夜长短状况及其变化是A.先昼短夜长，后昼长夜短，昼渐短B. 先昼长夜短，后昼短夜长，夜渐短C. 先昼短夜长，后昼长夜短，夜渐短D. 先昼长夜短，后昼短夜长，昼渐短6.三次测量中，其中一次测量的当天，正值A.春分日B.夏至日C.秋分日D.冬至日(四)等高线图可以反映一个地方的地貌特征。
2016年高考上海卷英语试题(含解析)
绝密★启用前考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t hav e breakfast.D. The cafeter ia doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before31. from 32. how在句中作状语。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试生命科学试题（上海卷）一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．SARS病毒可以通过口腔分泌物进行传播，这种传播途径属于A．媒介物传播B．空气传播C．病媒传播D．接触传播【答案】D2．在电子显微镜下，放线菌和霉菌中都能观察到的结构是A．核糖体和质膜B．线粒体和内质网C．核糖体和拟核D．线粒体和高尔基体【答案】A3．将紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞置于30%蔗糖溶液数分钟后，结果如图1所示，紫色分布的区域和影响色素分布的结构分别是A．①和细胞膜B．①和细胞膜、液泡膜C．②和细胞膜、液泡膜D．②和细胞膜、液泡膜、细胞壁【答案】C4．多肉植物鸡冠掌通常利用落叶上长出的不定芽繁殖，这种繁殖类型是A．出芽生殖B．营养繁殖C．分裂生殖D．有性生殖【答案】B5．下列关于测量蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度的实验操作，错误．．的是A．从低倍镜转到高倍镜时，两眼必须从显微镜侧面注视B．从低倍镜转到高倍镜时，轻轻地转动物镜使高倍镜到位C．从低倍镜视野中，需将进一步放大观察的物像移至视野中央D．测量细胞长度时，应尽量使目镜测微尺与被测细胞平行并重叠【答案】B6．诺贝尔奖得主屠呦呦在抗疟药物研发中，发现了一种药效高于青蒿素的衍生物蒿甲醚，结构如图2。
下列与蒿甲醚的元素组成完全相同的物质是A．纤维素B．胰岛素C．叶绿素D．甲状腺素【答案】A7．经过灯光刺激与食物多次结合，建立狗唾液分泌条件反射后，下列操作不能使该反射消退的是A．灯光刺激+食物B．仅食物C．声音刺激+食物D．仅灯光刺激【答案】A8．在果蝇唾液腺细胞染色体观察实验中，对图3中相关结构的正确描述是A．图3 表示一条染色体的显微结构B．箭头所指处由1个DNA分子构成C．染色体上一条横纹代表一个基因D．根据染色体上横纹的数目和位置可区分不同种的果蝇【答案】D9．在正常情况下，进餐后血糖浓度会相应升高。
在此过程中A．胰岛A细胞分泌的胰岛素增加B．延髓糖中枢兴奋抑制糖原合成C．胰岛素的作用强于胰高血糖素的作用D．葡萄糖以自由扩散方式进入小肠黏膜细胞【答案】C10．图4 显示恐惧反射的建立过程。
将建立反射后的小鼠放回反射箱时，小鼠体内不．会发生的是A．胃肠蠕动加速B．血糖升高C．呼吸加速D．心跳加快【答案】A11．下列病毒的构成组合中错误．．的是①DNA ②RNA ③蛋白质④磷脂A．②③④B．①②③C．①③D．②③【答案】B12．不同比例的视锥细胞共同生活的结果使人形成不同的色彩知觉。
下列图中，每条曲线表示一种视锥细胞接受的光波长范围及其相对激活程度。
据此推测，拥有下列视锥细胞组成的人中，表现出最强色彩分辨能力的是【答案】A13．位于颈部的颈动脉窦存在压力感受器。
在拳击比赛时，运动员非常注重保护颈部。
从生理学角度分析，这种做法是为了避免A．挤压血管引起动脉血压过高B．激活压力感受器导致血压过低C．堵塞血管引起动脉血压过低D．激活压力感受器导致血压过高14．导致图5中ab和de段人体体温变化的事件可能是A．非自主颤栗和发热B．骨骼肌收缩和排尿C．吹电风扇和剧烈欲动D．寒冷环境和汗液分泌增加【答案】C15．人骨骼肌内的白肌细胞含少量线粒体，适合无氧呼吸、进行剧烈运动。
白肌细胞内葡萄糖氧化分解的产物有①酒精②乳酸③CO2④H2O ⑤A TPA．①③⑤B．②④⑤C．①③④⑤D．②③④⑤【答案】D16．从种植于室内普通光照和室外强光光照下的同种植物分别提取叶片的叶绿体色素，用纸层析法分离，结果如图6。
下列判断正确的是A．室内植物叶片偏黄B．室外植物叶片偏绿C．室外植物叶片胡萝卜素含量>叶黄素含量D．室内植物叶片叶绿素a含量>叶绿素b含量【答案】D17．非特异性免疫和特异性免疫在抗原特异性方面显著不同。
此外，这两者的主要区别还表现在表1区别非特异性免疫特异性免疫①具有免疫持久性具有免疫短促性②对抗原缺乏记忆功能对抗原具有记忆功能③涉及巨噬细胞的吞噬作用不涉及巨噬细胞的功能④包含抗原诱导的细胞不存在免疫细胞的增殖与分化A．①B．②C．③D．④【答案】B18．某种致病性极强的细菌外毒素由α和β两个亚单位组成，其中β亚单位无毒性，但能促进α亚单位进入宿主细胞发挥毒性作用。
因此，研制疫苗时应选择该细菌的①外毒素②减毒外毒素③外毒素α亚单位④外毒素β亚单位A．①或②B．①或③C．②或④D．③或④【答案】C19．观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象实验中对牛蛙作了一些处理，下列针对这些处理的分析不．合理的是A．切除脑的作用是去除脑对脊髓的控制B．洗去趾尖酸液有利于骚扒反射的进行C．环割脚趾皮肤可证实此处有相应感受器D．破坏脊髓可证实脊髓存在骚扒反射的神经中枢20．下列化学反应属于水解反应的是①核酸→核苷酸②葡萄糖→丙酮酸③A TP→ADPA．①②B．①③C．②③D．①②③【答案】B21．表2显示某家庭各成员间的凝血现象（－表示无凝血，＋表示凝血），其中妻子是A型血，则女儿的血型和基因型分别为表2红细胞丈夫妻子儿子女儿丈夫血清－＋－－妻子血清＋－－＋儿子血清＋＋－＋女儿血清－＋－－A．A型；I A i B．B型；I B i C．AB型；I A I B D．O型; ii【答案】B22．氨基酸在细胞内氧化分解的部分过程如图7，其中过程X和分解终产物Z分别是A．脱氨基；CO2、H2O和A TPB．脱氨基；CO2、H2O和尿素C．转氨基；CO2、H2O和ATPD．转氨基；CO2、H2O和尿素【答案】A23．导致遗传物质变化的原因有很多，图8中字母代表不同基因，其中变异类型①和②依次是A．突变和倒位B．重组和倒位C．重组和易位D．易位和倒位【答案】D24．在光合作用的光反应中A．电子受体是水B．电子供体是NADPHC．反应场所位于叶绿体膜D．H+浓度差驱动ATP合成【答案】D25．控制棉花纤维长度的三对等位基因A/a、B/b、C/c对长度的作用相等，分别位于三对同源染色体上。
已知基因型为aabbcc的棉花纤维长度为6厘米，每个显性基因增加纤维长度2厘米。
棉花植株甲（AABbcc）与乙（aaBbCc）杂交，则F1的棉花纤维长度范围是A．6~14厘米B．6~16厘米C．8~14厘米D．8~16厘米【答案】C26．图9显示某种鸟类羽毛的毛色（B、b）遗传图解，下列相关表述错误．．的是A．该种鸟类的毛色遗传属于性染色体连锁遗传B．芦花形状为显性性状，基因B对b完全显现C．非芦花雄鸟和芦花雌鸟的子代雌鸟均为非芦花D．芦花雄鸟与非芦花雌鸟的子代雄鸟均为非芦花【答案】D27．十年前两个研究小组几乎同时发现，将四个特定基因导入处于分化终端的体细胞（如成纤维细胞等）中，可诱导其形成具有胚胎干细胞样分化潜能的诱导型多能干细胞。
这项先进技术的潜在应用前景是A．改造和优化人类基因组结构B．突破干细胞定向分化的障碍C．解决异体组织/器官排斥难题D．克隆具有优良品质的动物个体【答案】C28．在DNA分子模型的搭建实验中，若仅有订书钉将脱氧核糖、磷酸、碱基连为一体并构建一个含10对碱基（A有6个）的DNA双链片段，那么使用的订书钉个数为A．58 B．78C．82D．88【答案】C29．从同一个体的浆细胞（L）和胰岛B细胞（P）分别提取它们的全部mRNA（L-mRNA 和P-mRNA），并以此为模板在逆转录酶的催化下合成相应的单链DNA（L-cDNA和P-cDNA）。
其中，能与L-cDNA互补的P-mRNA以及不．能与P-cDNA互补的L-mRNA分别含有编码①核糖体蛋白的mRNA②胰岛素的mRNA③抗体蛋白的mRNA④血红蛋白的mRNAA．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④【答案】A30．大量研究发现，很多生物密码子中的碱基组成具有显著的特异性。
图10 A所示的链霉菌某一条mRNA的部分序列整体大致符合图10 B所示的链霉菌密码子碱基组成规律，试根据这一规律判断这段mRNA序列中的翻译起始密码子（AUG或GUG）可能是A．①B．②C．③D．④【答案】B二、综合题（共90分）（一）回答下列有关生物进化与多样性的问题。
（9分）图11显示太平洋某部分岛屿上几种鸟类的分布及迁徙情况。
图12 显示其中的S鸟不同种群的等位基因频率与代数的关系，其中n代表种群的个体数。
31．图11显示，相对于X岛，Y岛上的鸟_______多样性减小。
32．S鸟有黑羽（AA）、杂羽（Aa）、灰羽（aa）三种表现型，当S鸟迁至Y岛后，在随机交配产生的后代中统计发现灰羽个体只占1%，Y岛S鸟种群中A基因的频率为________。
估算Y岛S鸟密度的调查方法一般采用_____________。
33．经过多个阶段的迁移，在各岛上发现源于S鸟的14种鸟，此类现象称为________。
34．据图12判断，随着繁殖代数的增加，下列表述正确的是______（多选）。
A．群体越小，某些基因消失的几率越大B．群体越小，种群基因越偏离原始种群C．群体越大，种群遗传多样性越易消失D．群体越大，种群纯合子越倾向于增加35．除自然因素外，影响鸟类群体数量的人为因素有______（多选）。
A．栖息地开发B．烈性病毒的出现C．栖息地污染D．栖息地因地震被岛屿化【答案】（9分）31．物种多样性和遗传多样性32．0.9标记重捕法33．适应辐射34．AB35．AC（二）回答下列有关植物激素及其调节作用的问题。
（9分）图13显示胚芽鞘受单侧光照时的生长情况及受光照处生长素的主要运输方向。
生长素在植物细胞间的运输常需细胞膜上载体参与。
36．下列激素对植物生长所起的主要作用，与生长素在a处所起作用相反的是______（多选）。
A．乙烯B．赤霉素C．脱落酸D．细胞分裂素37．生长素沿b方向运输时，其在细胞间跨膜运输的方式主要是_______。
已知某双子叶植物不同器官对生长素响应不同（见表3）。
为进一步研究生长素对该植物生长的影响，将其幼苗根部浸泡在三面遮光的方缸中，右侧给光，培育一段时间后，发现幼苗根部向左侧弯曲生长，幼苗上部的生长呈顶端优势。
将幼苗分7组，用不同浓度外源生长素处理幼苗根部，继续给予单侧光照，实验数据见图14。
图中浓度1~6为外源生长素浓度，以10倍递增；对照指外源生长素浓度为0，此时根部内源生长素浓度低于10-12mol/L。
表3生长素浓度（mol/L）促进抑制根10-12~10-810-8~10-5芽10-10~10-510-5~10-338．在该植物幼苗的①侧芽、②根弯曲处向光侧、③根弯曲处背光侧三个部位，能合成生长素的部位是__________；各部位生长素浓度由高到低的顺序是____________。
39．据图14、表3数据和生长素作用特点预测，在外源浓度6时，该植物幼苗根部弯曲角度约为___________。