高考独立主格讲解及练习

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三种独立主格结构精讲与练习..

三种独立主格结构精讲与练习..
思茅一中 祭孔仪式
思茅一中图书馆 思茅一中图书馆
灵 感 勤 奋
杨 志 明 成 功 路
I. 基本知识:独立主格结构是由名词或代词加 非谓语动词、形容词等构成的一种结构,用 于修饰整个句子。其名词或代词与其后的非 谓语动词、形容词等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 独立主格结构的类型: 1. 非谓语动词独立主格结构 2. 无动词独立主格结构 3. with复合结构 独立主格结构的用法特点:常置于句首或句 末,与句子之间不能使用任何连接词,主要 用作状语;with复合结构也可用作定语。
Ⅱ. 学习体会与归纳
1. 非谓语动词独立主格结构
n. + non-infinitive pron. to do… to be done 一般式 doing… being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 done 主动 被动
主动 His friends to come tonight, he is trying his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后 We doubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行 The last bus having gone, we had to walk 主动 谓语动词之前 home. doing / having done / to do 的异同 逻辑主 与谓语动词动作的 时间关系 谓关系 doing 与谓语同时 主 having done 谓语之前 动 to do 谓语发生时尚未发生
3. with复合结构 前述的“n. / pron. + 非谓语动词”和“n. / pron. + (being) 表语“两种独立主格结构中,大多可 在其前加上介词with,这就形成了with复合结 构。 to do… doing done with + O + OC n. without adj. adv. prep-phrase

高考独立主格练习题及答案

高考独立主格练习题及答案

高考独立主格练习题及答案高考独立主格练习题及答案高考是每个学生都会面临的重要考试,在备考过程中,独立主格是一个重要的语法知识点。

掌握独立主格的用法和特点,可以帮助学生在高考中取得更好的成绩。

本文将为大家提供一些高考独立主格练习题及答案,希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

练习题一:1. 高考临近,他每天晚上都在图书馆里看书,____。

2. 天气炎热,他们一边打扫卫生,一边用扇子扇风,____。

3. 他们在山上野餐,我在湖边钓鱼,____。

答案:1. 他每天晚上都在图书馆里看书,心情非常紧张。

2. 天气炎热,他们一边打扫卫生,一边用扇子扇风,汗水直流。

3. 他们在山上野餐,我在湖边钓鱼,心情愉快。

练习题二:1. 他们经过激烈的讨论,____。

2. 我们在比赛中取得了好成绩,____。

3. 他们在海滩上玩耍,____。

答案:1. 他们经过激烈的讨论,最终达成了一致。

2. 我们在比赛中取得了好成绩,心情非常激动。

3. 他们在海滩上玩耍,笑声不断。

练习题三:1. 老师讲解了一遍又一遍,____。

2. 她们在花坛里种花,____。

3. 他们在公园里散步,____。

答案:1. 老师讲解了一遍又一遍,学生们终于理解了。

2. 她们在花坛里种花,花香四溢。

3. 他们在公园里散步,心情愉快。

练习题四:1. 他们在山上野餐,____。

2. 我们一边走一边聊天,____。

3. 老师在黑板上写字,____。

答案:1. 他们在山上野餐,笑声不断。

2. 我们一边走一边聊天,时间过得很快。

3. 老师在黑板上写字,手不停地动。

练习题五:1. 他们在海滩上玩耍,____。

2. 我们在图书馆里学习,____。

3. 她们在操场上跑步,____。

答案:1. 他们在海滩上玩耍,心情愉快。

2. 我们在图书馆里学习,安静无声。

3. 她们在操场上跑步,汗水直流。

通过以上练习题,我们可以看到独立主格在句子中起到了补充说明的作用,丰富了句子的表达。

在高考中,独立主格的运用可以提高句子的得分。

独立主格讲解及高考训练1

独立主格讲解及高考训练1

独立主格结构它是指与主语之间无任何语法关系的名词或代词加上一个分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语构成的结构。

它不修饰单个的词,而修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构可位于句子的任何部位。

它构成一个单独实体,在句中作状语,并具有如下两种功能:(1) 解释原因或情景(2) 提供主句中重点部分的相关细节。

非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。

但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构。

其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。

一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。

A.不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。

例如:I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed选C。

此题考查“名词+不定式”构成独立主格结构,在句中作状语,表示动作未完成,其中the rest 与follow存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

此句可以改为:I send you 100 dollars today,and the rest is to follow in a year.B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。

(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后,主席开始开会。

独立主格结构知识点及例题

独立主格结构知识点及例题

独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂,主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成)e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词(常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态)e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.(=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.)Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. (=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构,在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语,也可作定语。

2023高考 丨 高中英语重点语法-独立主格结构专项练习

2023高考 丨 高中英语重点语法-独立主格结构专项练习

如何区分独立主格结构和非谓语动词独立主格结构:不是主谓完整的简单句,其形式是:名词/名词短语/代词+不定式/动词-ing形式/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语非谓语动词:指句子中不是谓语动词的动词,主要包括不定式,动名词和分词(现在分词、过去分词)Ps:非谓语动词做定语,状语与补语;独立主格结构只做状语。

小妙招:判断独立主格结构就看有没有一个逗号连接的两个简单句,每个句子都有两个不同的主语,这时其中一个句子的谓语动词一定要用非谓语形式一、单项选择1.It is said that the project will cost$580million,half coming from investors, the rest________.A.to borrowB.to be borrowedC.borrowingD.being borrowed【答案】B【详解】考查独立主格结构。

句意:据说这项工程将耗资5.8亿美元,其中一半来自于投资方,剩下的将要贷款。

分析句子成分可知,此处为独立主格结构,且表示将来的动作,应用“名词+不定式”,the rest与borrow构成被动关系,应用to be done形式。

故选B。

2.________,we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permittingB.If permittedC.If permittingD.Weather permits【答案】A【详解】考查独立主格结构。

句意:如果天气允许,我们就去参观长城。

分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,所以用独立主格结构。

weather 与permit之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。

故选A。

3.After______by the heavy deluge,Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots,many tourists______in the disaster region. A.struck,were trappedB.being struck,trappedC.struck,having been trappedD.having been struck;were trapped【答案】B【详解】考查非谓语动词。

高考英语独立主格结构精讲精练

高考英语独立主格结构精讲精练

高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

该结构不是句子,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。

独立主格内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing1. __________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2. _______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3. _______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4. ______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed1. _________, the train starte.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving2. __________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given3. _________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words4. ______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词(副词)该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。

高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”。

由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。

独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。

(一)独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分,形式为:基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。

2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。

These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。

例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5.名词/代词+形容词短语形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。

高考独立主格讲解及练习

高考独立主格讲解及练习

高考独立主格讲解及练习高中英语语法讲义-------独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构(absolute construction),由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)构成。

在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。

具有以下特点:(1)在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。

(2)可置于句首,也可放在句尾。

(3)主要用于书面语。

(4)它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,不指同一人或同一物。

(5)be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。

二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中,独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系,在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。

此结构也可写成:名词或代词+being +名词,其中being 是非谓语(系)动词,往往省略,但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时,being不能省略。

名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时,应用主格形式。

①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗,一根棍子是他唯一的武器。

② He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具,他把整本书翻译成了英语。

③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.(句中的being不能省略)因为是星期天,我没有上课。

独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)

独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)

语法重点:独立主格结构。

1.原文再现。

This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。

独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。

独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

3.独立主格结构用法。

A.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。

B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。

(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习

(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习

(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。

在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。

需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句:The storm drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作:原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。

(call it a day今天到此为止)例句:Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作:伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。

造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。

Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语=改写:ftime permits, I will go with you.造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。

The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作:时间状语=改写:As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。

独立主格结构及精选习题

独立主格结构及精选习题

独立主格结构(一)定义:不定式或分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。

但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。

(二)构成:1.名词(代词) + 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go s ightseeing.= If w eather permits, ... 作条件状语天气允许的话,我们要去观光。

Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,... 作时间状语作业做完了,男孩出去玩足球。

The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试,我今晚不能去看电影。

2.名词(代词) +(being )+表语(名词、形容词、副词或介词短语)It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ... 作原因状语由于是星期天,我们去爬山。

Tod l ooked a t the million-pound n o te,his eyes (being) wide o pen.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。

S u m m e r vacations (being) over, students returned to s chool.暑假结束了,学生们返回学校。

3.with+ 名词(代词)+宾补,宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。

此句型又称with 复合结构。

a.They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning .他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。

英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题

英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
. 逻辑主语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 A.逻辑主语+名词 a.Many students joined in the math competition, most of them
children of no more than 10. 很多学生参加了这次数学竞赛,其中大多数 人年仅10岁。I received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多书
其中很多事书籍
b.逻辑主语+形容词 This section of road slippery, every driver can never be too careful.此路段很滑,所有司机都应小心谨慎。Arriving at the spot, they were all standing in surprise face to face, eyes wide open.一到现场,他们都面对面吃惊的站着,眼睛瞪得大大的 c.逻辑主语+副词 Music over, all the audience stood up with fits of applause. 乐一结束,所有的观众都站了起来报以热烈的掌声。Nobody in, I had to wait.没人在,我只好等着 d.逻辑主语+介词短语 Many experts attended the conference, most of them from the States.很多专家参加了此次会议,其中很多人来自美国。The boy went off
3‘独立主格结构中的being和having been常 可以省略
All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有 的窗户开着,屋子里的空气更新鲜了。All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.所有的票都卖出去了,我 们只好等下周的演出。

高中独立主格练习题及讲解

高中独立主格练习题及讲解

高中独立主格练习题及讲解一、选择题1. The weather being fine, we decided to go out for a picnic. - A) The weather is fine.- B) The weather was fine.- C) Fine weather.- D) Being fine weather.2. The boy leading the way, we soon reached the destination. - A) The boy led the way.- B) The boy was leading the way.- C) The boy leading.- D) Led by the boy.3. There being no buses, we had to walk home.- A) No buses were there.- B) There were no buses.- C) No buses.- D) Being no buses.二、填空题1. ________ (考虑到时间紧迫), he decided to take a taxi.- A) Considering the time was tight- B) Considering the time is tight- C) Consider the time tight- D) Considered the time was tight2. ________ (由于他没有参加考试), he failed the course.- A) Because he didn't attend the exam- B) He didn't attend the exam- C) Not attending the exam- D) Attending the exam not3. ________ (她站在门口), she watched the children play.- A) She stood at the door- B) Standing at the door- C) She was standing at the door- D) Stood she at the door三、翻译题1. 由于他没有及时完成作业,他被老师批评了。

独立主格详解及高考题型练习

独立主格详解及高考题型练习

一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点:1.独立主格的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的常见形式1. 名词(代词)+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后,我们就回家了。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。

4. 名词(代词)+介词短语A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。

He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。

5. 名词(代词)+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排,嘴半开着。

6. There being +名词(代词)There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。

7. It being +名词(代词)It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。

独立主格结构讲解及题目

独立主格结构讲解及题目

独立主格结构1一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。

需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

例如:1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。

)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。

)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去,脸色煞白。

)独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。

例如,上述例句可变为:1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式,即名词/代词+分词(短语)外,还有如下特殊构成形式。

独立主格(带练习)(完整版)

独立主格(带练习)(完整版)
2).___D______Sunday, the library doesn't
open.
A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B
3._D____, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C
1.___D_____, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.all the above
2.__D______, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.Permitting weather
B.Weather permitted
C.Weather permitting D.Permitting
2.___B______, he finished playing the game of chess.
A.His eyes closing
B.With his eyes closed
二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分:
1、原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个as引导的
一个原因状语从句。如:
1).__D______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B
C.Clyes
3.___B_____, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.

高考英语专题复习讲与练:独立主格结构常见类型及其用法

高考英语专题复习讲与练:独立主格结构常见类型及其用法

英语高考专题复习讲与练独立主格结构常见类型与其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词〔副〕词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。

独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

在做这类题目时一定要小心判断,不能粗心大意。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作,而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。

如:(1).Such being the case, I couldn’t help but support him.(2).Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper following it closely.(3).Weather permitting, they would have stayed for another week.…………………, they decided to go for an outing.(4).There being no buses, we had to walk home after work yesterday.(5).The thief fell to the ground, his left foot broken and blood running down from his mouth.(6).Time permitting, we could have done it better.(7).It being noisy, she couldn’t make herself heard clearly.(8).It being too late, he couldn’t find himself any taxis.(9).It being fine, we will go climbing.(10).The Green’s has been broken into three times, each resulting in their great loss.(11)The thieves ran away separately, each carrying a bag.1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A.There beingB.BeingC.Having beenD.There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there beingB.As there wasC.BeingD.There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.BeingB.There beingC.It beingD.Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.As it beingB.BeingC.It isD.As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。

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高中英语语法讲义-------独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构(absolute construction),由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)构成。

在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。

具有以下特点:(1)在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。

(2)可置于句首,也可放在句尾。

(3)主要用于书面语。

(4)它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,不指同一人或同一物。

(5)be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。

二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中,独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系,在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。

此结构也可写成:名词或代词+ being +名词,其中being是非谓语(系)动词,往往省略,但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时,being不能省略。

名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时,应用主格形式。

①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗,一根棍子是他唯一的武器。

② He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具,他把整本书翻译成了英语。

③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.(句中的being不能省略)因为是星期天,我没有上课。

2.名词/主格代词+现在分词(表示主动含义和动作正在进行)名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

①Weather permitting (= If time permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气许可的话,我们明天去看你。

(表示条件)②Spring coming on (= When spring came on), the trees turned green.春天来了,树木绿油油的。

(表示时间)③It being Sunday (= As it was Sunday), they had no classes.由于是星期天,他们不上课。

(表示原因,此时being不能省略)④Mother being ill (= Because mother was ill), I have to stay home to look after her.妈妈病了, 我只好在家照顾他。

(表示原因)⑤There being no bus (= Because there was no bus), we had to walk home.因为没有公共汽车,我们只好步行回家。

(表示原因)注意:(1)如果该结构表示的动作先发生,则用“名词/主格代词+having done”的形式,含义为“……已经……”。

例如:The students having finished their homework (= After the students finished their homework), we went home. 学生做完家庭作业后,我们回家了。

(2)如果该结构表示“……正在被……”,则用“名词/主格代词+being done”的形式,being不能省略。

例如:Food being cooked (= When food was being cooked), I fell asleep.当食物正在被烹饪的时候,我睡着了。

3.名词/主格代词+过去分词(表示被动含义和动作的完成)名词/主格代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。

①The signal given (= After the signal was given), the bus started.发出信号后,汽车开始前进。

(表示时间)②Their strength exhausted (= Because their strength was exhausted), they sank down one by one.他们精疲力竭,一个接一个倒下了。

(表示原因)③All things considered (= If all things are considered), her suggestion is of greater value than yours.若全面考虑,她的建议比你的建议有价值。

(表示条件)④He sat silently, eyes closed (= and his eyes were closed) .他静静地坐着,双眼紧闭。

(表示伴随状况或方式)注意:如果要明确时间上的先后顺序,该结构有时可以用“名词/主格代词+having been done”的形式,含义为“……已经被……”。

但是having been可以省略,因为过去分词本身就表示动作完成。

例如:The work having been finished (= After the work was finished), he left the workshop.工作完成以后,他离开了车间。

4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词(表示状态或特征)形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质特征及所处状态。

在该结构中,形容词或副词前其实省略了being.①Everything (being) ready (= When everything was ready), they started out.一切准备停当,他们开始出发。

(表示时间)②The children were making a snowman, hands (being) red with cold.(= and their hands were red with cold)孩子们在对雪人,手都冻红了。

(表示伴随状况)③The meeting (being) over (= When the meeting was over), the students were dismissed.会议结束,学生们解散了。

(表示时间)④The boy looked at the beautiful picture, eyes (being) wide open(= and his eyes were wide open). (wide: adv 完全地)这个孩子看着这幅美丽的图画,眼睛睁得大大的。

(表示伴随状况)5.名词/主格代词+不定式(多表示将来含义,有时也表示过去含义)(1) 名词/主格代词是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系,此时不定式用主动形式。

①The teacher to help us (= If the teacher to help us), we will succeed.有老师的帮助,我们就能成功。

(表示条件和将来含义)②He invited us to see a film, he himself to buy the tickets (= and he himself bought the tickets).他请我们看了一场电影,他自己买的票。

(表示补充说明和过去含义)(2) 如果名词/主格代词与不定式构成被动关系, 此时不定式用被动形式(to be done)。

The meeting to be held tomorrow (= Because the meeting is to be held tomorrow),we must catch the first bus.因为会议明天要被召开,所以我们必须赶上第一班汽车。

(表示原因)6.名词/主格代词+ 介词短语(表示状态或特征)介词短语常用来说明名词或主格代词的特征或所处的状态。

① The old man sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth (= and a book was in his hand and a pipe was in his mouth). 老人坐在椅子上,手里拿着书,嘴里叼着烟斗。

(表示伴随状况)② The old farmer came back, a large basket on his shoulder (= and a large basket was on his shoulder).老农回来,一个大筐扛在肩上。

(表示伴随状况)注意:在该结构中,介词前后的名词前都可以加上限定词,也可以都不加。

不加限定词时,介词前后的名词一般用单数形式。

例如:He entered the classroom, hat on head.他进入教室,帽子戴在头上。

三、其他形式的独立主格结构1.It形式的独立结构(表示自然现象、时间、距离或环境状况等)It being Monday, the library is closed.It being spring, many kinds of flowers come out.2.倒装结构(即在独立结构中,逻辑主语在后)(1) there being形式(含义为“有……”, being不能省略)①There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.没有汽车,我们只好步行回家。

②There being lots of work to do, we c an’t give you a hand.有很多工作要做,我们无法帮助你。

(2) such being形式①Such being the case, she had nothing to say.情况就这样,她没有什么要说。

②Such being the fact, he had to admit his mistake.事实如此, 他只好承认他的错误。

(3) 介词短语形式In the sand being the mark of a man’s foot, Crusoe stared at it, full of fear.沙地里是一个男子的脚印,Crusoe注视着脚印,充满了恐惧。

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