动词时态与被动语态

7. 现在完成时： 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. 8. 过去完成时： 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader He had been considered to be a great leader.
( 四) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用
当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态， 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时 往往不用by 短语。 短语。 往往不用 “ Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after Mr. class. 只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的， class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁 弄坏的) 弄坏的)。 2 . 突出或强调动作的承受者 ， 如果需要说出动作的执行者 ， 用 by 突出或强调动作的承受者， 如果需要说出动作的执行者， 短语。 Denver. 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时， 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时， 这时常用in 名词作状语， 短语。 这时常用 + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 被动语态的时态、
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全 主要体现在 的变化上，其形式与系动词 的变化形式完全 的变化上 一样。 为例，列表如下： 一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般现在时： 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般过去时： 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 现在进行时： 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 过去进行时： 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 现在完成时： 过去完成时： had + been + given 过去完成时： 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 一般将来时： 过去将来时： should / would +be+ given 过去将来时： 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + 过去将来完成时： given ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时： 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten. forgotten.
5.The manager made them work 10 hours a day . They were made to work 10 hours a day. 6.China has sent up man –made satellites into space Man –made satellites have been sent up into space . 7. You should water trees often . Trees should be watered often . 8.You must not plant trees in very dry earth . Trees must not be planted in very dry earth .
( 一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语 态表示主语是动作的执行者， 态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。 承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动 主动) 主动 A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动 被动) 被动 汉语中常用“ 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用 来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be 来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分 构成。 词构成。
动词的时态： 动词的时态： 的正确形式填空： 用play的正确形式填空： 的正确形式填空 1. Tom ________ football often. 2. Tom _____________ football this afternoon. 3. Tom ___________ football last Sunday. 4. Tom ____________ football now. 5. Tom _____________ football at five yesterday. 6. Tom ______________ football for an hour. 7. Tom _______________ football before I called him.
9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词 be+ 及物动 词的过去分词”构成。 词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
3. 一般将来时： 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. school4. 过去将来时： 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. ） 主语 谓语 宾语 → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to helpelp poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be 过去分词， 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词 ， 时态要与原 句保持一致。 句保持一致。 把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语， 3 . 把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语， 放在被动语态里谓语动 词之后， 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词， 词之后， by 短语可以省略。 如果原句主语是地点名词， 在被动语 态中用in 态中用in + 地点名词作状语。 地点名词作状语。