光伏仿真软件单词翻译
(完整版)光伏常用英语
一、光伏词汇篇光伏行业P h o t o v o l t a i c i n d u s t r y光伏电站P h o t o v o l t a i c p o w e r s t a t i o n并网光伏电站G r i d-c o n n e c t e d P V p o w e r s t a t i o n 铸锭I n g o t硅片W a f e r多晶P o l y c r y s t a l l i n e单晶M o n o c r y s t a l l i n e电池C e l l光伏组件P V m o d u l e光伏支架P V s u p p o r t b r a c k e t光伏阵列P V a r r a y光伏组串P V s t r i n g调试D e b u g g i n g产能C a p a c i t y电池效率E f f i c i e n c y接线盒J u n c t i o n b o x焊接S o l d e r i n g串焊S t r i n g i n g层叠L a y o u t层压L a m i n a t i o n装框F r a m i n g包装P a c k a g i n g汇流箱C o m b i n i n g m a n i f o l d s逆变器G r i d-c o n n e c t e d i n v e r t e r电力变压器P o w e r t r a n s f o r m e r油浸式变压器o i l-i m m e r s e d t y p e t r a n s f o r m e r干式变压器D r y-t y p e t r a n s f o r m e r中性点端子N e u t r a l t e r m i n a l绕组W i n d i n g分接T a p p i n g变压器绕组的分级绝缘N o n-u n i f o r m i n s u l a t i o n o f a t r a n s f o r m e r w i n d i n g变压器绕组的全绝缘U n i f o r m i n s u l a t i o n o f a t r a n s f o r m e r w i n d i n g并联电抗器S h u n t i n d u c t o r消弧线圈A r c-s u p p r e s s i o n c o i l互感器I n s t r u m e n t t r a n s f o r m e r电压互感器V o l t a g e t r a n s f o r m e r接地极G r o u n d i n g e l e c t r o d e接地线G r o u n d i n g c o n d u c t o r接地装置G r o u n d i n g c o n n e c t i o n接地网G r o u n d i n g g r i d短路电流S h o r t–c i r c u i t c u r r e n t标准测试条件S t a n d a r d T e s t C o n d i t i o n s(S T C)光伏组件反向额定电流P V m o d u l e r e v e r s e c u r r e n t r a t i n g 电气间隙E l e c t r i c c l e a r a n c e总效率O v e r a l l(t o t a l)e f f i c i e n c y孤岛效应I s l a n d i n g防孤岛效应A n t i-i s l a n d i n g防孤岛能力测试装置A n t i-i s l a n d i n g t e s t d e v i c e大型接地装置I a r g e-s c a l e g r o u n d i n g c o n n e c t i o n施工总平面布置C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e l a y o u t p l a n施工总进度T o t a l s c h e d u l e f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n潜在性能衰减(P I D)P o t e n t i a l i n d u c e d d e g r a d a t i o n光致衰减(L I D)L i g h t i n d u c e d d e g r a d a t i o n功率衰减P o w e r d e g r a d a t i o n模拟电网S i m u l a t e d u t i l i t y谐振频率R e s o n a n t f r e q u e n c y短时T e m p o r a r y电网扰动发生装置G r i d s i m u l a t o r分闸时间T r i p t i m e恢复并网R e c o n n e t单元发电模块P V p o w e r u n i t低电压穿越能力测试装置L V R T t e s t d e v i c e二、光伏参数词汇篇短路电流 Short-circuit current注：在一定的温度和辐照度条件下，光伏发电器在端电压为零时的输出电流。
Pvsyst后台参数的翻译
Pvsyst后台参数的翻译Grid-connected systempre-sizing 并网系统初步设置Monocrystalline module efficiency单晶组件效率Polycrystalline efficiency多晶组件效率Thin film efficiency 薄膜组件效率Free standing temperature correction自由安装温度纠正系数Roof ventilated temperature correction屋顶通风温度纠正系数No ventilation temperature correction无通风温度纠正系数Ohmic wiring loss mismatch loss correction线缆欧姆损失，失配损失纠正系数IAM incidene angle modifier correction入射角改变纠正系数Inverter average efficiency逆变器平均效率Stand-alone systempre-sizing 独立系统初步设计Stand-alone:pv-array=>battery globa efficiency 阵列到电池整体效率Batterycharge/discharge energy efficiency 电池充放电能量效率Soc minimum threshold 荷电率最小阈值Battery capacity:C100/C10 ratio100 小时率比10小时率系数Generatorefficiency(15%=1.5kwh/liter)发电机效率Pumping:pv-array daily effic(optical,thermal ,etc) 光伏水泵方阵综合效率(光，热等) Matching effic（thresh.andmppt loss）direct coupling 直接耦合匹配效率（阈值及最大跟踪损失）Matching effic（thresh.andmppt loss）with booster升压耦合匹配效率（阈值及最大跟踪损失）Matching effic（thresh.andmppt loss）cascading级联匹配效率（阈值及最大跟踪损失）Global effic.with fixed V DC converter 固定电压直流变换器耦合的综合效率Global effic.withmppt converter mppt 逆变器耦合综合效率DC-positive displacement pump efficiency 直流容积泵效率AC-positive displacement pump efficiency 交流容积泵效率Centrifugal pump efficiency 离心泵效率Oversizing{(pv field stc-losses)/pump power} 裕度（光伏阵列/泵功率）Specific pre-sizing costs(all systems) 所有系统初步设计价格Loan duration(=sexpected system lifetime) 系统寿命25 yearScale exponential factor(mouning and maintenance)规模指数因子0.6Systemdesign parameters 系统设计参数Minimum temperature for inverter Vmax design（需相应改动）逆变器最大电压设计使用的最低温度Winter operating temp.for inverter VmppMax design（需相应改动）逆变器跟踪最大电压值设计冬季运行温度Usual operating temperature at r1000W/m（需相应改动）平常运行温度Summer operating temp.for inverter VmppMin design（需相应改动）逆变器跟踪最小电压值设计夏季运行温度Voltage initial degradation amorphous 非晶硅初期压降Voltage initial degradation,microcrystalline 微晶硅初期压降Voltage initial degradation.CdTe 碲化镉太阳能组件初期压降Heat loss factor free mounting 自由安装式热损失因子Heat loss factor semi integrated 半集成式热损失因子Heat loss factor fully integrated 集成式热损失因子Heat loss factor according to wind velocity 根据风速定义的热损失因子Heat loss factor max./min. value 热损失最大/最小值Incidence angle modifier bo parameter 入射角改变纠正系数Copper Resistivity(at T=50 度)铜电阻率Aluminium Resistivity(at T=50 度)铝电阻率Max. wire section for specific admissible current对特定电流最大可接受线缆截面积Max. admissible current derating factor最大可允许电流衰减Default wiring resistance loss ratio at STC标况下默认线阻损失率Array resitance voltage drop at STC标况下阵列阻耗压降Irrad.absorption coefficient for tarray calculation阵列计算用辐射吸收系数Module dfficiency for temp.array calculation阵列计算用组件效率Series diode voltage drop二极管压降External transfo:iron losses外置变压器铁损External transfo:resist losses at STC外置变压器铜损Light soaking gain factor光辐照增益系数Default module quality factor默认组件质量因数Module quality loss:tolerance fraction组件质量因数公差LIDloss factorLID损失因子Default array mismatch power loss,crystalline默认阵列功率失配损失，晶硅组件Default array mismatch power loss, amorphous默认阵列功率失配损失，非晶硅Default array mismatch voltage loss ,crystalline默认阵列电压失配损失，晶硅组件Default array mismatch voltage loss , amorphous默认阵列电压失配损失，非晶硅Default soiling loss,yearly average默认年平均脏污损失Default unavailability loss默认无效损失Module strings shading ratio组串阴影率Module strings thin film shading ratio组串薄膜阴影率Grid inverter oversizing array/inverter nominal power并网阵列功率/逆变器裕度值SolaredgePnom ratio sizing,0=STC,1=real conditionsSolaredge功率比定型0=标况，1=真实条件Nominal medium voltage grid默认中压网络DC grid:arrayVnom/system Vnom ratio直流网：组件电压/系统电压Average pumping hours during a clear day晴空下平均抽水时间Pumps lifetime(economical evaluation)水泵寿命Fuel price (economical evaluation)燃油价格Flowrate oversizing accounting for average days平均流量裕度值Array current /pumps nominal current阵列电流/泵额定电流Detailed simulation verification conditions详细模拟检定条件Measured meteo in coll.plane:max.orientation difference吸收平面测量数据最大方位差Shading:max.orientation difference shaded #1-pv array遮光：遮光#1 阵列最大方位差Shading:max.orientation difference between shading planes遮光：遮光平面允许最大方位差Shadings with heterogeneous field:max.angle difference异形区域遮光最大角度差Helios3D:max.angle between palnes Helios3D:平面间最大角度差Shading:absolutemin.shading/field area ratio遮光：3D区域/系统定义区域绝对极小值Shading:warningmin. shading/field area ratio遮光：3D区域/系统定义区域禁告极小值Shading:warningmax.shading/field area ratio遮光：3D区域/系统定义区域禁告极大值Shading:absolutemax.shading/field area ratio遮光：3D区域/系统定义区域绝对极大值the inverter power is strongly oversized逆变器功率值严重过大the inverter power is slightly oversized逆变器功率值轻微过大acceptable overload loss for design可接受设计过载损失limit overload loss for design设计过载损失限值pv array/battery pack voltage：光伏阵列/蓄电池电压strongly undersized/oversized光伏阵列/蓄电池电压严重过小/过大slightly undersized/oversized光伏阵列/蓄电池电压轻微过小/过大pv array/regulator voltage：光伏阵列/控制器电压pv array/ regulator power：光伏阵列/控制器功率the battery pack capacity is perhaps：电池组容量the pv array power is slightly undersized/oversized阵列容量轻微过小/过大the pv array power is strongly undersized/oversized阵列容量严重过小/过大the pumping flowrate is strongly undersized/oversized水泵流量严重过小/过大the pumping flowrate is slightly undersized/oversized水泵流量轻微过小/过大pumping: the array voltage is strongly undersized/oversized阵列电压严重过小/过大pumping: the array voltage is slightly undersized/oversized阵列电压轻微过小/过大pumping: the array current is strongly undersized/oversized 阵列电流严重过小/过大pumping: the array current is slightlyundersized/oversized阵列电流轻微过小/过大光伏组件：EGap-Si-Mono单晶硅禁带宽度EGap -Si-poly多晶硅禁带宽度EGapa-Si:H tandem双结氢化非晶硅禁带宽度EGapa-si:H triple三结氢化非晶硅禁带宽度EGapucSia-Si:H微晶硅氢化非晶硅双结电池禁带宽度EGapCdTe碲化镉薄膜电池禁带宽度EGap CIS铜铟硒(CIS)薄膜电池禁带宽度EGap CSG：CSG （CrystaIIineSiIiconONGIass）电池禁带宽度EGap HIT异质结太阳能电池禁带宽度EGapAsGa砷化钾太阳能电池禁带宽度EGap Galnp2/GaAs/GeGalnp2/GaAs/Ge 三结太阳能电池禁带宽度EGap Not Registered未定义电池禁带宽度Built-in voltage for amorphous tripple，add to Vmp非晶硅三结太阳能电池峰值电压Built-in voltage for amorphous single非晶硅单结太阳能电池峰值电压Built-in voltage for amorphous tandem非晶硅双结太阳能电池峰值电压Crystalline:Rsho/Rsh default multiplier value晶硅：Rsho/Rsh默认乘数值Amorphous:Rsho/Rsh default multiplier value非晶硅：Rsho/Rsh默认乘数值RShexp exponential parameterRShexp 指数Thin films:Pmpp Temperature coefficient薄膜：峰值功率温度系数Gamma defult for Rserie optimization Si-poly多晶硅串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization Si-mono单晶硅串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization a-Si:H tandem氢化非晶硅双结电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization a-Si:H triple氢化非晶硅三结电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值defult for RSerie optimization ucSia-Si:H多晶硅串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization CdTe碲化镉薄膜电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization CIS铜铟硒(CIS)薄膜电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization CSGCSG （CrystaIIineSiIiconONGIass）电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization HIT异质结太阳能电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization AsGa砷化钾串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerie optimization Galnp2/GaAs/GeGalnp2/GaAs/Ge 串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Gamma defult for RSerieoptimization,unregistered未定义太阳能电池串联电阻最优化默认Gamma 值Min lo value for Galnp2/GaAs/Ge：Galnp2/GaAs/Ge 最小lo 值Min lo value for all others：其他电池的最小lo 值Min./Max.VmppCell,Si- Crystalline：晶硅最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.VmppCell,a-Si:Htandem：双结氢化非晶硅最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.VmppCell,a-Si:Htriple junction：三结氢化非晶硅最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.VmppCell,ucSia-Si:H：微晶硅氢化非晶硅双结电池最小/最大峰值电压Vmpp Cell, ucSia-Si:H：微晶硅氢化非晶硅双结电池最大峰值电压Min./Max.Vmpp Cell, CdTe：碲化镉薄膜电池最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.Vmpp Cell, CIS：铜铟硒(CIS)薄膜电池最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.VmppCell,CSG：CSG（CrystaIIineSiIiconONGIass）最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.Vmpp Cell, HIT：异质结太阳能电池最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.Vmpp Cell, AsGa：砷化钾太阳能电池最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.Vmpp Cell,Galnp2/GaAs/Ge：Galnp2/GaAs/Ge三结太阳能电池最小/最大峰值电压Min./Max.Vmpp Cell, unregistered：未定义电池最小峰值电压Max. Imp/Isc ratio：Imp/Isc 最大比值Max.Vmp/Isc ratio：Vmp/Isc 最大比值Max.mulsc/Isc ratio：mulsc/Isc 最大比值Max.Pmpp deviation{at STC}by respect to Pnom：标况与实际情况下功率误差Rshun min calculation:securitycoeff.vs MPP：并联电阻电小值计算：mpp 安全系数Rserie default calculation:Min./Max.RSerie/RSmax ratio串联电阻默认计算：最大/最小RSerie/RSmax 比值D2/MuTaucalculation:Max. RSerie/RSmax ratioD2/MuTau 计算：Max. RSerie/RSmax 比值Amorphous Recombin.loss factor: 非晶硅复合损失因子：D2/MuTau default valueD2/MuTau 默认值By-pass diode resistance{10mv/A}：旁路二极管电阻efaultBRev parameter ratio：默认BRev 参数率Regulators and convertersVoltage drop for C10 current：10 小时率下压降Charging triggering OFF：充电截止电压阈值，关闭阈值open batteries：开口式蓄电池sealed batteries：密封式蓄电池AGM batteries：蓄电池Ni-Cd batteries：蓄电池Charging triggering ON again：充电开启电压阀值Discharging triggering OFF：放电截止电压阈值Discharging triggering ON again：放电截止电压阈值Back-up generator triggering ON again：备用发电机开启阈值Back-up generator triggering OFF：备用发电机关闭阈值Temper. Coefficient (per element)温度系数（单格）Reference temperature for these thresholds对这些阈值的参考温度Minimum hysteresis for swiching(per element)切换时最小磁滞（单格）Initial SOC for simulation仿真初始荷电状态MPPT converters:power thresh./pnom lower limit：MPPT 逆变器：功率阈值/正常功率下限值MPPT converters:defaultmax.efficiency：MPPT 逆变器：默认最大效率MPPT converters:defaultEURO.efficiency：MPPT 逆变器：默认最大欧洲效率Normalized resistance factor：标准化电阻因数Max./Minimum value of the max.effciency：最大效率的最大/最小值Minimum efficiency difference max –EURO：最小欧洲效率的偏差值Max. efficiency difference max –EURO：最大欧洲效率的偏差值Minimum difference between legal and solar time：法定时间和太阳时间的最小差值Max. difference between legal and solar time：法定时间和太阳时间的最大差值Minimum monthly ambient temperature：最小月环境温度Lower/Upper limit for monthly clearness index kt：月晴空指数下限/上限Best Ktcc days have slightly high/low values：最佳Ktcc日微高值/低值Best Ktcc days have strongly high/low values：最佳Ktcc日极高值/低值Best Ktcc :number of exception days：最佳Ktcc 日微高值Limit for kbeam in transposition：转置时kbeam 的限制Limit for global horiz.in retro-transposition：反转录时全景的限制Lower limit for monthly diffuse/Global：月漫反射/全局辐射下限值Default wind velocity：默认风速Horizon:characteristic height for albedo factor extinction：地平线：反色率因子无效特征高度Horizon:max.mumber of points in printed table：地平线：在打印的表格中点的最大数量Site altitude limit：地理海拔限制Project site-meteomax. distance：工程气象地点最大距离Economic evaluation:loan duration(=expected lifetime)：经济评估：系统寿命Minimum piece kwh for enabling tariff：每度电最小税收Max. price kwh for enabling tariff：每度电最大税收Shadings:sun contrast for real objects：真实物体的太阳对照Shading animation:delay between steps：阴影动画，延迟间隔。
光伏电站仿真软件GREENIUS简介
光伏电站仿真软件GREENIUS简介
仿真软件Greenius（图10-4）在市场上出现于2002年7月。
该软件是由德国航空航天中心（German Aerospace Centre, DLR）位于西班牙的前哨基地Plataforma Solar de Almerita开发的，其资金支持由欧盟“Altener计划”提供。
该仿真软件的适用范围主要是大型商用可再生电站项目。
除光伏系统外，该软件还可以对风电场和各种类型的太阳能热发电站进行仿真。
在Greenius中，使用场地数据、技术参数和经济参数来定义电站。
不同场地的数据可以从Greenius的气象数据库中提取，用户也可以选择自己输入自己的气象数据。
技术模拟过程是在一年中的每小时间隔的基础上进行并显示的，例如，发电站每小时的电能输出。
除了技术模拟，还可以进行经济核算。
这使得Greenius成为对可再生电站项目进行设计和规划时的重要工具。
该软件有一个对并网光伏系统大小进行确定的工具。
该软件的目标是项目开发者，它们除了需要详细技术数据外，还需要通过对大量现金流进行分析以关键参数的经济效率。
与其它软件相比，使用该软件计算经济效率是用得最多的。
该软件有众多的接口以输出仿真结果和图表到其它Windows程序中。
使用Greenius可以比较不同可再生能源的技术水平。
这使得它特别适合于那些精力集中在国际市场上的企业的设计师们。
该软件的低价版本可用在培训市场上。
图10-4 Greenius中一个光伏电站的规格说明。
光伏电站仿真软件PVSYST简介
光伏电站仿真软件PVSYST简介
PVSYST的功能十分强大，而且瑞士的日内瓦大学（University of Geneva）还在对其进行不断的升级更新，使之成为了功能最强大和最全面的软件之一。
然而，PVSYST使用起来也相对复杂。
目前的版本与先前的版本相比其用户友好度和可操作性已有了相当的改善了。
现在的PVSYST以“逐次逼近”的方式工作。
有三种应用层次为不同的用户组提供相应的功能，用户组包括建筑师、光伏专家、工程师和科学家等，它们拥有不同的期望和光伏知识。
该软件拥有各种特性的完整范围，比如计算阴影的3D工具，具有根据输入的系统测试数据直接比较测试值和仿真值的能力，还配备有太阳能几何学、气象学以及光伏运行特性的工具箱。
PVSYST的下一个版本3.2版也正打算被发布，也能仿真无固定形态的组件。
该软件只有英语版和法语版。
在线用户支持也是PVSYST的一个很有用的功能。
通过电子邮件和在线用户论坛可以快速而直接的和软件作者联系。
为了对软件进行测试，可以在网上下载到可以试用10天的完整版本。
除了可以对有后备发电机的独立系统和并网光伏系统进行仿真外，PVSYST还可以作特殊分析。
比如，它可以用来对有局部阴影的组件特性曲线进行计算，还能确定组件上的热应力。
此外，在进行仿真时它还可以确定和显示各种参数，如气象数据、电压、电流、能量和性能等。
PVSYST也支持三维阴影分析（图10-15）。
图10-15 进行三维阴影分析时PVSYST的图形用户界面
图10-16 SOLDIM计算并网光伏系统的主菜单。
光伏太阳能专业英语词汇集锦
AC交流电Alternating currentAmorphous silicon solar cell 非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-film solar cells are usually produced by evaporating several semi-conductor films onto a so-called "substrate"Ampère 安培Unit indicating the strength of electric currentAssembling system 集成系统System to install solar modules on roofs, façades or in the field.Azimuth angle 方位角Describes the deviation from the South towards East-western directionBuilding-integrated PV (BIPV)Used to describe a structure where PV replaces conventional materials and is integrated into the building. Typically, a photovoltaic array is incorporated into the roof or walls of a building. Roof tiles with integrated PV cells can now be purchased. Arrays can also be retrofitted into existing buildings; in this case they are usually fitted on top of the existing roof structure. Alternatively, an array can be located separately from the building but connected by cable to supply power for the building.By-pass diode 旁路二极管Conducts the electricity automatically past a module in case it is shadowed in one series. This is supposed to prevent any destruction due to overheating.Circuit 电路A system of conductors that convey electricity.CdTe solar cell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-film solar cell made of very thin CdTe semi-conductor films (< 3 microns)CIS solar cellThin-film solar cell made of several films of differently doped copper-indium-diselenideCircuit breaker 断路开关A safety device that shuts off power when it senses too much current.Combiner box 和路箱Where the electrical wiring from the PV modules is joined together in parallel to combine electrical currents.Conductor 导体A material that is used to convey electricity, i.e. wires.Conversion efficiency 转换效率The percentage of electricity that is created by a solar cell as compared to the amount of energy needed to generate that electricity.Current 电流The flow of electricity between two points. Measured in amps.DC 直流电Direct currentEnergetic amortization period 能量偿还期Period of time a photovoltaic system requires to produce the energy required for production. Efficiency 功率The ratio of output energy to input energy.Electrical grid 电网A large distribution network that delivers electricity over a wide area.Electrode 电极A conductor used to lead current into or out of a nonmetallic part of a circuit.Energy 能量Usable power. Measured in kWh.Energy audit 能量审核A process that determines how much energy you use in your house or apartment.Energy yield 能量输出Electric energy indicated in kWh yielded by a photovoltaic systemENSEquipment to control the grid with attributed all-pole control element in series. The ENS includes a redundant voltage and frequency control of the electricity grid and evaluates any leaps ascertained in the grid impedance. If the set limits are exceeded, the ENS will switch off the inverter. When the line voltage is re-established, the inverter will restart operation automatically. European efficiency rateWeighted efficiency rate is calculated by weighting different partial load efficiency rates and the full-load efficiency rate in line with the frequency of their appearance.Facade system 正面系统Photovoltaic system installed on the facade of a building or an integral part of a facade.Feed-in meter 输入计Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy into the public power grid (unit in kWh) Mismatching interconnection of better and worse modules in one string as a consequence of which the worst module of one series determines the electricity.Field system 野外系统Photovoltaic system installed in a fieldFlat-roof system 平台屋顶系统Photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof.Fossil fuels 矿物燃料Fuels that are formed underground from the remains of dead plants and animals. i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal are fossil fuels.Global radiation 总辐射Sum of diffuse, direct and reflected solar radiation onto a horizontal surface.Greenhouse effect 温室效应When heat from the sun becomes trapped in the Earth's atmosphere due to certain gases. Greenhouse gases 温室气体The gases responsible for trapping heat from the sun within the Earth's atmosphere. i.e. water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.Grid 电网A distribution network, including towers, poles, and wires that a utility uses to deliver electricity. Grid-connected PV system 并网光伏系统When the electricity grid is available but electricity from a clean source (solar) is desired, solar panels can be connected to the grid. Provided that sufficient panels are placed, the appliances inthe house/building will then run on solar electricity. A grid-connected solar electricity system basically consists of one or more solar panels, an inverter, cables, the electric load and a support structure to mount the solar panels.Hertz (HZ) 赫兹The frequency of electrical current described in cycles per second, i.e. Appliances in the United States use 60 HZ.Inverter 逆变器Converts the DC output of the PV system into usable AC output that can be fed directly into the building load.Irradiance 辐照度the amount of solar energy that strikes a surface during a specific time period. Measured in kilowatts.I-V curve IV曲线A graph that plots the current versus the voltage from the solar cell as the electrical load (or resistance) is increased from short circuit (no load) to open circuit (maximum voltage). The shape of the curve characterizing cell performance. Three important points on the IV curve are the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak or maximum power (operating) point. Junction box The point on a solar module where it connects, or is strung, to other solar modules. In-roof installation 镶嵌屋顶系统Photovoltaic system which is integrated into the roof claddingIsland system 独立系统Grid-independent power supply systemkWh – kilowatt hourUnit indicating energy/work and corresponding with the performance of one kilowatt during a period of one hourkWp - Kilowatt peakUnit indicating the maximum performance under standard test concitions (STC)Load 负载The amount of electrical demand used in the building at any given time.Mono-crystalline silicon solar cell 单晶硅太阳能系统Basic raw material is a monocrystal drawn from melted silicon.Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池Basic raw material is solar silicon cast in blocks.National Electrical Code (NEC) 国家电气代码The U.S. minimum inspection requirements for all types of electrical installations, including solar systems.National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 国家电力生产商协会The U.S. trade association that develops standards for the electrical manufacturing industry. NREL The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 国家可再生能源实验室A national lab that concentrates on studying and developing renewable energy sources.Open circuit voltage 开路电压Maximum voltage in an electric circuit which is generated when the electricity I equals zero (depending on termperature).Performance guarantee 性能质保Extended guarantee of the module producer for the performance of the solar modules. Performance tolerance 性能公差Tolerance stated by the producer with regards to the nominal power.Poly-cristalline solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池See multi-crystalline silicon solar cell.PSC 电力供应公司Power supply companies.Peak load 最大负荷The largest amount of electricity being used at any one point during the day.Photovoltaic (PV) 光伏the conversion of light into electricity. The term "photo" comes from the Greek "phos," meaning light. "V oltaic" is named for Alessandro V olta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity for whom the term "volt" was named. Photovoltaics, then, means "light electricity."Photovoltaic (PV) module 光伏组件A number of photovoltaic cells electrically interconnected and mounted together, usually in a sealed unit of convenient size for shipping, handling and assembling into arrays. The term "module" is often used interchangeably with the term "panel.Photovoltaic array 光伏阵列An interconnected system of solar modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. Photovoltaic cell 光伏电池（格）This is the basic unit of a solar module that collects the sun's energy.Photovoltaic system 光伏系统A complete set of components that converts sunlight into usable electricity.Rectifier 整流器Transforms alternating current into direct currentRoof inclination 屋顶倾斜度Angle of a roof towards the horizontalRated power 额定功率Nominal power output of an inverter; some units cannot produce rated power continuously. Semiconductor A material that has an electrical conductivity in between that of a metal and an insulator. Typical semiconductors for PV cells include silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium elluride.Short-circuit electricity 短路电流Maximum electricity in an electric circuit, which is generated when the voltage U at the terminals equals zero (proportional to solar radiation).Solar generatorSum of solar modules.Specific energy yield 能量生产率（比能率）Electric energy indicated in kWh and yielded by a photovoltaic system divided by the installed performance (kWp).Standard Test Conditions – STC 标准测试条件General conditions under which the perfomance of a solar module is measured in a laboratory. Constant factors for measuring are: Irradiance of 1,000W/m²5f; light spectrum after penetration of 1.5fold density of the atmosphere (AM1,5); temperature of the solar cell 25°C.Supply meter 电源表Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy from the public power grid (unit in kWh) Termperature coefficient 温度系数Indicates to what extent the individual factor changes with the temperature. Temperature-independent factors are voltage, electricity and consequently also performance.Thin-film solar cell 薄膜太能能电池Roughly a hundred times thinner than crystalline cells. Industrial production procedure (evaporation, atomization procedure…) onto the substrate lowers the cost. Doping specif ic contamination of purest silicon with impurity atoms. In a so-called diffusion procedure, impure atoms (e.g. borum, phosphor), which can give off electrons, are transported below the surface of the wafers.Three-phase voltage control 三相电压控制器Equipment to control the grid. Voltage control of the three phases. If a voltage falls below a stipulated limit, the equipment will be switched off.Tilt angle 倾斜角The angle of inclination of a module measured from the horizontal.Transformer 变压器Used to step up or down the voltage emerging from the inverter to match the required voltage of the onsite load or the utility interconnection.V olt 伏特Unit indicating the voltage.Watt 瓦特Unit indicating the performance.WhUnit indicating the watthour.WpUnit indicating the wattpeak.。
光伏常用英文词汇精选全文
Permittivity
介电常数
Degenerate semiconductor
简并半导体
Tunneling
隧穿
DOS
Density of states能态密度
Ion implantation
离子植入
Electron cyclotron resonance（ECR）
电子回旋共振
Optical absorption edge
国家太阳能任务
SIPS
特殊鼓励配套方案
SEZ
经济特区
PTC
风力发电赋税降低
ITC
太阳能产业投资税减低
Net metering
净用电计量法
perpetual energy system
永久能源系统
bonus
利润，奖金
wafer-type
晶片型
limelight
引人注目
Si-based thin film
FIT
Feed-in tariff收购电价
RES
再生资源
RPS
Renewable portifolio standard再生能源分配额度
ecology energy
生态能量
Grid-Tied Utility
并网式大型设施
Off-Grid Application
离网应用型
PV expo
光伏展会
Honnycomb texturing
空气质量
Visible
可见的
atmosphere
大气
intensity
亮度
spectrum
光谱
blackbody
黑体
radiation
太阳能热光伏发电系统研究与仿真外文翻译
Introduction1.1 Photovoltaic Energy Conversion1.2 solar Cells and Solar Energy Conversion1.3 solar Cell ApplicationsReferences1.1PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSIONPhotovoltaic energy conversion is the direct production of electrical energy in the form of current and voltage from electromagnetic (i.e., light,including infrared, visible. and ultraviolet) energy. The basic four steps needed for photovoltaic energy conversion are:1. a light absorption process which causes a transition in a material(the absorber) from ground state to an excited state,2.the conversion of the excited state into (at least) a free negativeand free positive-charge carriers pair, and3. discriminating transport mechanism, which causes the resultingfree negative-charge carriers to move in one direction (to a con-tact that we will call the cathode) and the resulting free positive-charge carriers to move in another direction (to a contact that wewill call the anode).The energetic photogenerated negative-charge carriers arriving, at the cathode result in electrons which travel through an external path (an electric circuit). While traveling this path, they lose their energy doing something useful at an electrical "load," and finally they return to the anode of the cell. At the anode, every one of the returning electrons completes the fourth step of photovoltaic energy conversion, which is closing the circle by4. combining with an arriving positive-charge carrier, thereby returning theabsorber to the ground state.In some materials, the excited state may be a photogenerated free electron-free hole pair. In such a situation, step 1 and step 2 coalesce. In some materials, the excited state may be an exciton, In which case steps 1 and 2 are distinct.A study of the various man-made photovoltaic devices that carry out these four steps is the subject of this text. Our main interest is photovoltaic devices that can efficiently convert the energy in sunlight into usable electrical energy. Such devices are termed solar cells or solar photovoltaic devices. Photovoltaic devices can be designed to be effective for electromagnetic spectra other than sunlight. For example, devices can be designed to convert radiated heat (infrared light) into usable electrical energy. These are termed thermal photovoltaic devices. There are also devices which directly convert light into chemical energy. In these, the photogenerated excited state is used to drive chemical reactions rather than to drive electrons through an electric circuit. One example is the class of devices used for photolysis. While our emphasis is on solar cells for producing electrical energy, photolysis is briefly discussed later in the book .1.2 SOLAR CELLS AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSIONThe energy supply for a solar cell is photons coming from the sun .This input is distributed ,in ways that depend on variables like latitude, time of day, and atmospheric conditions ,over different wavelengths .the various distributions that are possible called solar spectra. The product of this light energy input, in the case of a solar cell, is usable electrical energy in the form of current and voltage. Some common "standard" energy supplies from the sun, which are available at or on the earth, are plot- ted against wavelength (λ) in W/㎡/nm spectra in Figure 1.l A. An alternative photons/㎡-s/nm spectrum is seen in Figure 1.1B.The spectra in Figure 1.1A give the power impinging per area(㎡)in a band of wavelengths 1 nm wide (the bandwitdth ∆λ)centered on each wavelength λ. In this figure, the AM0 spectrum is based on ASTM standard E 490FIGURE 1.1 Solar energy spectra.(a): Data expressed in watts per ㎡per nm bandwidth for AMO (from Ref .1 with permission) and for AM l.5G, and AW1.5D spectra(from Ref.2, with permission).(b): The AM l.5G data expressed in terms of impinging photons per second per cm²per 20 nm bandwidth.()d hc λλλλΦ⎰oand is used for satellite applications. The AM1.5G spectrum, based on ASTM standard G173, is for terrestrial applications and includes direct and diffuse light .It integrates to 1000 W/㎡.the AM1.5D spectrum,also based on G173 ,is for terrestrial applications but includes direct light only. It integrates to 888 W/㎡. The spectrum in Figure 1.l B has been obtained from the AM1.5G spectrum of Figure 1.l A by converting power to photons per second per cm2 and by using a bandwidth of 20nm. Photon spectra Φ(λ), exemplified by that in Figure 1.l B, are more convenient for solar cell assessments, because optimally one photon translates into one free electron-free hole pair via steps 1 and 2 of the four steps needed for photovoltaic energy conversion.Standard spectra are needed in solar cell research, development, and marketing because the actual spectrum impinging on a cell in operation can vary due to weather, season, time of day, and location. Having standard spectra allows the experimental solar cell performance of one device to be compared to that of other devices and to be judged fairly, since the cens can be exposed to the same agreed-upon spectrum. The comparisons can be done even in the laboratory since standard distributions can be duplicated using solar simulators.The total power Pin per area impinging on a cell for a given photon spectrum Φ。
光伏行业常用英文单词
光伏行业常用英文单词在光伏行业中，英语单词是必备的工具，具备一定的英文词汇能力对于从事光伏行业的人士来说至关重要。
本文将介绍光伏行业中常用的英文单词以及它们的中文意义，希望能帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些术语。
1. Solar energy - 太阳能Solar energy refers to the energy derived from the sun's radiation. It is the primary source of power in the solar industry, driving the generation of electricity through solar panels.2. Photovoltaic (PV) - 光伏的Photovoltaic, often abbreviated as PV, is the technology used to convert sunlight directly into electricity. It involves the use of solar cells or modules to capture and convert solar energy.3. Solar panel - 太阳能电池板A solar panel is a device that consists of multiple solar cells connected together. It converts sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.4. Solar cell - 太阳能电池A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is the basic building block of a solar panel. It converts sunlight into electricity by absorbing photons and releasing electrons.5. Solar module - 太阳能模块A solar module, also referred to as a solar panel module, is a packaged assembly of interconnected solar cells. It provides a larger surface area for capturing sunlight and generating electricity.6. Solar farm - 太阳能发电场A solar farm is a large-scale installation of solar panels or modules. It is designed to generate significant amounts of electricity for commercial or utility-scale applications.7. Inverter - 逆变器An inverter is a device used in photovoltaic systems to convert the direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) for use in electrical grids or appliances.8. Net metering - 净计量Net metering is a billing arrangement that allows solar energy system owners to receive credit for the excess electricity they generate and feed back into the grid. It promotes the integration of solar power into existing electrical grids.9. Feed-in tariff - 上网电价A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism that promotes renewable energy generation by providing financial incentives for the production of electricity from renewable sources, such as solar power.10. Solar irradiance - 太阳辐照度Solar irradiance refers to the power per unit area received from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It is a key parameter in evaluating the potential energy output of solar panels.11. Off-grid - 脱网Off-grid refers to systems or applications that are not connected to the main electrical grid. Off-grid solar systems often rely on batteries to store excess energy for use during periods of low or no sunlight.12. Grid-connected - 并网Grid-connected systems are connected to the main electrical grid and feed excess electricity back into the grid. They allow for both the consumption of solar-generated power and the use of grid power when necessary.13. Photovoltaic efficiency - 光伏效率Photovoltaic efficiency measures how effectively a solar cell or module converts sunlight into electricity. Higher efficiency means a greater conversion rate and more power output.14. Solar thermal - 太阳能热利用Solar thermal refers to the use of solar energy to generate heat. It often involves the use of solar collectors to absorb sunlight and transfer the heat to a fluid, which can then be used for heating or generating electricity.15. Renewable energy - 可再生能源Renewable energy refers to energy sources that can be replenished naturally or essentially indefinitely. Solar energy is considered a renewable energy source, as it relies on the continuous availability of sunlight.以上是光伏行业中常见的英文单词及其中文意义。
光伏设计软件PVSOL 中文讲解
系统设计软件介绍在进行光伏系统设计时，可以通过专业软件来辅助设计。
如果使用得当，能大大减少计算量、节约时间、提高效率和准确度。
例如，我们获得的气象数据中的太阳辐照度一般情况下都是气象站记录的水平面上的数值，而进行光伏系统设计还需要特定倾角的数值，这样的转化一般计算相对复杂。
借助软件只需要输入方位角或者倾角就能马上看到变化的系统结构，十分方便有效。
现在国际上比较常用的系统设计软件大约有十多种，如壳牌太阳能的PV Designer、德国Gerhard Valentin博士开发的PV*SOL、加拿大的RETSCREEN等等，主要集中在美国、德国、日本几个光伏产业比较先进发达的国家，其他国家很少开发。
日本的软件普遍可视化程度很高、界面友好、操作方便，可以说是将相对复杂的光伏系统设计做得简单、有趣、生动。
德国的软件则功能齐全，比较注重实用性。
美国的设计软件其特点是气象数据库比较丰富（如NASA的数据库非常全面）。
光伏系统设计人员可以结合实际的需要进行选择。
下面简单介绍一下德国PV*SOL设计软件。
图4-1是该软件的操作界面。
PV*SOL是用来模拟和设计光伏系统的软件。
丰富的相关数据是进行光伏系统设计的基础。
PV*SOL在数据库的建立方面做得比较出色。
它提供了欧美许多国家和地区详尽的气象数据，而且是以1小时为间隔的。
这些数据包括太阳辐照强度、指定地点10米高的风速和环境温度。
所有数据均能够按日/周/月的时间间隔以表格或者曲线的形式显示出来。
除此之外，还包含丰富的负载数据、150种太阳电池组件、70种蓄电池的特性数据，150种独立系统和并网系统的逆变器特性数据。
所有的数据都可以通过用户自己定义而得到扩展，增加了设计的灵活性。
图1PV*SOL设计软件界面在进行实际的设计时，首先选择光伏系统的安装地点。
如果数据库里面没有确切的地点数据，可以选择相近的地点数据或者通过其他途径获得相关数据并输入软件。
此后就要选择系统的类型，PV*SOL软件将系统分成三种：独立系统、并网系统以及混合系统，每种系统的设计方法都有所不同。
光伏常用英语
光伏常用英语Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998一、光伏词汇篇光伏行业P h o t o v o l t a i c i n d u s t r y光伏电站P h o t o v o l t a i c p o w e r s t a t i o n并网光伏电站G r i d-c o n n e c t e d P V p o w e r s t a t i o n 铸锭I n g o t硅片W a f e r多晶P o l y c r y s t a l l i n e单晶M o n o c r y s t a l l i n e电池C e l l光伏组件P V m o d u l e光伏支架P V s u p p o r t b r a c k e t光伏阵列P V a r r a y光伏组串P V s t r i n g调试D e b u g g i n g产能C a p a c i t y电池效率E f f i c i e n c y接线盒J u n c t i o n b o x焊接S o l d e r i n g串焊S t r i n g i n g层叠L a y o u t层压L a m i n a t i o n装框F r a m i n g包装P a c k a g i n g汇流箱C o m b i n i n g m a n i f o l d s逆变器G r i d-c o n n e c t e d i n v e r t e r电力变压器P o w e r t r a n s f o r m e r油浸式变压器o i l-i m m e r s e d t y p e t r a n s f o r m e r干式变压器D r y-t y p e t r a n s f o r m e r中性点端子N e u t r a l t e r m i n a l绕组W i n d i n g分接T a p p i n g变压器绕组的分级绝缘N o n-u n i f o r m i n s u l a t i o n o f a t r a n s f o r m e r w i n d i n g变压器绕组的全绝缘U n i f o r m i n s u l a t i o n o f a t r a n s f o r m e r w i n d i n g 并联电抗器S h u n t i n d u c t o r消弧线圈A r c-s u p p r e s s i o n c o i l互感器I n s t r u m e n t t r a n s f o r m e r电压互感器V o l t a g e t r a n s f o r m e r接地极G r o u n d i n g e l e c t r o d e接地线G r o u n d i n g c o n d u c t o r接地装置G r o u n d i n g c o n n e c t i o n接地网G r o u n d i n g g r i d短路电流S h o r t–c i r c u i t c u r r e n t标准测试条件S t a n d a r d T e s t C o n d i t i o n s(S T C)光伏组件反向额定电流P V m o d u l e r e v e r s e c u r r e n t r a t i n g电气间隙E l e c t r i c c l e a r a n c e总效率O v e r a l l(t o t a l)e f f i c i e n c y孤岛效应I s l a n d i n g防孤岛效应A n t i-i s l a n d i n g防孤岛能力测试装置A n t i-i s l a n d i n g t e s t d e v i c e大型接地装置I a r g e-s c a l e g r o u n d i n g c o n n e c t i o n施工总平面布置C o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e l a y o u t p l a n施工总进度T o t a l s c h e d u l e f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n潜在性能衰减(P I D)P o t e n t i a l i n d u c e d d e g r a d a t i o n光致衰减(L I D)L i g h t i n d u c e d d e g r a d a t i o n功率衰减P o w e r d e g r a d a t i o n模拟电网S i m u l a t e d u t i l i t y谐振频率R e s o n a n t f r e q u e n c y短时T e m p o r a r y电网扰动发生装置G r i d s i m u l a t o r分闸时间T r i p t i m e恢复并网R e c o n n e t单元发电模块P V p o w e r u n i t低电压穿越能力测试装置L V R T t e s t d e v i c e二、光伏参数词汇篇短路电流 Short-circuit current注：在一定的温度和辐照度条件下，光伏发电器在端电压为零时的输出电流。
光伏系统中英文对照
光伏系统中英文对照太阳能光伏系统专业词汇中英对照顺德中山大学太阳能研究院罗宇飞孙韵琳一、太阳电池相关词汇太阳电池solar cell将太阳辐射能直接转换成电能的器件单晶硅太阳电池single crystalline silicon solar cell以单晶硅为基体材料的太阳电池多晶硅太阳电池multi crystalline silicon solar cell以多晶硅为基体材料的太阳电池非晶硅太阳电池amorphous silicon solar cell用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池。
薄膜太能能电池Thin-film solar cell用硅、硫化镉、砷化镓等薄膜为基体材料的太阳电池。
这些薄膜通常用辉光放电、化学气相淀积、溅射、真空蒸镀等方法制得。
多结太阳电池multijunction solar cell由多个p\n 结形成的太阳电池。
化合物半导体太阳电池compound semiconductor solar cell 用化合物半导体材料制成的太阳电池带硅太阳电池silicon ribbon solar cell用带状硅制造的太阳电池光电子photo-electron由光电效应产生的电子。
太阳电池的伏安特性曲线I-V characteristic curve of solar cell受光照的太阳电池，在一定的辐照度和温度以及不同的外电路负载下，流入的电流I 和电池端电压V 的关系曲线。
短路电流short-circuit current （Isc）在一定的温度和辐照度条件下，光伏发电器在端电压为零时的输出电流。
开路电压open-circuit voltage （Voc）在一定的温度和辐照度条件下，光伏发电器在空载（开路）情况下的端电压。
最大功率maximum power (Pm)在太阳电池的伏安特性曲线上，电流电压乘积的最大值。
最大功率点maximum power point在太阳电池的伏安特性曲线上对应最大功率的点，亦称最佳工作点。
光伏行业英语词汇整理
光伏行业词汇1. acceptance testing (WAT: wafer acceptance testing)2. acceptor: 受主，如B，掺入Si中需要接受电子3. ACCESS：一个EDA（Engineering Data Analysis）系统4. Acid：酸5. Active device：有源器件，如MOS FET（非线性，可以对信号放大）6. Align mark(key)：对位标记7. Alloy：合金8. Aluminum：铝9. Ammonia：氨水10. Ammonium fluoride：NH4F11. Ammonium hydroxide：NH4OH12. Amorphous silicon：α-Si，非晶硅（不是多晶硅）13. Analog：模拟的14. Angstrom：A（1E-10m）埃15. Anisotropic：各向异性（如POLY ETCH）16. AQL(Acceptance Quality Level)：接受质量标准，在一定采样下，可以95%置信度通过质量标准（不同于可靠性，可靠性要求一定时间后的失效率）17. ARC(Antireflective coating)：抗反射层（用于METAL等层的光刻）18. Antimony(Sb)锑19. Argon(Ar)氩20. Arsenic(As)砷21. Arsenic trioxide(As2O3)三氧化二砷22. Arsine(AsH3)23. Asher：去胶机24. Aspect ration：形貌比（ETCH中的深度、宽度比）25. Autodoping：自搀杂（外延时SUB的浓度高，导致有杂质蒸发到环境中后，又回掺到外延层）26. Back end：后段（CONTACT以后、PCM测试前）27. Baseline：标准流程28. Benchmark：基准29. Bipolar：双极30. Boat：扩散用（石英）舟31. CD：（Critical Dimension）临界（关键）尺寸。
光伏行业英文词汇
太阳电池 solar cell通常是指将太阳光能直接转换成电能的一种器件。
硅太阳电池silicon solar cell硅太阳电池是以硅为基体材料的太阳电池。
单晶硅太阳电池single crystalline silicon solar cell单晶硅太阳电池是以单晶硅为基体材料的太阳电池。
非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）amorphous silicon solar cell用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
多晶硅太阳电池polycrystalline silicon solar cell多晶硅太阳电池是以多晶硅为基体材料的太阳电池。
聚光太阳电池组件photovoltaic concentrator module系指组成聚光太阳电池，方阵的中间组合体，由聚光器、太阳电池、散热器、互连引线和壳体等组成。
电池温度cell temperature系指太阳电池中P-n结的温度。
太阳电池组件表面温度solar cell module surface temperature系指太阳电池组件背表面的温度。
大气质量（AM）Air Mass (AM)直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
太阳高度角 solar 太阳高度角 solar elevation angle太阳光线与观测点处水平面的夹角，称为该观测点的太阳高度角。
辐照度 irradiance系指照射到单位表面积上的辐射功率（W/m2）。
总辐照（总的太阳辐照）total irradiation (total insolation)在一段规定的时间内，（根据具体情况而定为每小时，每天、每周、每月、每年）照射到某个倾斜表面的单位面积上的太阳辐照。
直射辐照度direct irradiance照射到单位面积上的，来自太阳圆盘及其周围对照射点所张的圆锥半顶角为8o的天空辐射功率。
光伏系统术语中英文对照表
光伏系统术语中英⽂对照表序号术语对照英⽂注释1施⼯组织设计construction organization plan以施⼯项⽬为对象编制的，⽤以指导施⼯的技术、经济和组织管理的综合性⽂件。
2光伏建筑附加-BAPV building attached photovoltaics 指将太阳能光伏电池组件附着在建筑物上，引出端经过控制器、逆变器与公⽤电⽹相连接，形成户⽤并⽹光伏系统。
亦称光伏建筑附加。
3光伏建筑⼀体化-BIPV building Integrated photovoltaics 指将太阳能光伏电池组件集成到建筑物上，同时承担建筑结构功能和光伏发电功能；引出端经过控制器、逆变器与公⽤电⽹相连接，从⽽形成户⽤并⽹光伏系统。
亦称光伏建筑⼀体化4并⽹光伏电站grid-connected PV power station指接⼊公⽤电⽹（输电⽹或配电⽹）运⾏的光伏电站。
5光伏组件PV module指具有封装及内部联接的，能单独提供直流电的输出，最⼩不可分割的光伏电池组合装置。
6光伏阵列PV array 指由若⼲个光伏电池组件或光伏电池板在机械和电⽓上按⼀定⽅式组装在⼀起并且有固定的⽀撑结构⽽构成的直流发电单元，地基、太阳跟踪器、温度控制器等类似的部件不包括在阵列中。
7汇流箱combining manifolds 指在太阳能光伏发电⼯程中，将⼀定数量规格相同的光伏组件串联起来，组成⼀个个光伏串列，然后再将若⼲个光伏串列并联汇流后接⼊的装置。
8逆变器grid-connected inverter 指将光伏阵列的直流电转化为交流电，同时⼜具备各种保护功能并在满⾜特定的条件下能够实现⾃动并⽹的装置。
9光伏⽀架PV support bracket指太阳能光伏发电系统中为了摆放、安装、固定光伏电池⾯板⽽设计的特殊⽀架。
10调试debugging 指设备在安装过程中及安装结束后、移交⽣产前，按设计和设备技术⽂件规定进⾏调整、整定和⼀系列试验⼯作的总称。
（完整版）光伏行业英文词汇
光伏行业英文词汇Cell 电池Crystalline silicon 晶体硅 Photovoltaic 光伏 bulk properties 体特性at ambient temperature 在室温下wavelength 波长absorption coefficient 吸收系数 electron-hole pairs 电子空穴对 photon 光子 density 密度defect 缺陷surface 表面electrode 电极p －type for hole extraction p型空穴型n －type for electron extraction n 型电子型majority carriers 多数载流子minority carriers 少数载流子surface recombination velocity（SRV ） 表面复合速率back surface field （BSF ） 背场at the heavily doped regions重掺杂区saturation current density Jo饱和电流密度thickness 厚度 contact resistance 接触电阻concentration 浓度boron 硼Gettering techniques 吸杂nonhomogeneous 非均匀的 solubility 溶解度selective contacts 选择性接触insulator 绝缘体oxygen 氧气hydrogen 氢气Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVDInterface 界面The limiting efficiency 极限效率reflection 反射 light- trapping 光陷 intrinsic material 本征材料 bifacial cells 双面电池 monocrystalline 单晶 float zone material FZ －Si Czochralski silicon Cz －Si industrial cells 工业电池 a high concentration o f of oxygen 高浓度氧Block or ribbon 块或硅带 Crystal defects 晶体缺陷 grain boundaries 晶界dislocation 位错 solar cell fabrication 太阳能电池制造impurity 杂质P gettering effect 磷吸杂效果Spin －on 旋涂supersaturation 过饱和 dead layer 死层electrically inactive phosphorus非电活性磷interstitial 空隙the eutectic temperature 共融温度 boron －doped substrate 掺硼基体passivated emitter and rearlocally diffused cells PERL 电池losses 损失the front surface 前表面metallization t echniques techniques 金属化技术metal grids 金属栅线laboratory cells 实验室电池the metal lines 金属线selective emitter 选择性发射极 photolithographic 光刻gradient 斜度precipitate 沉淀物localized contacts 局部接触point contacts点接触 passivated emitter rear totallydiffused PERTsolder 焊接 bare silicon 裸硅片 high refraction index 高折射系数 reflectance 反射 encapsulation 封装antireflection coating ARC 减反射层 an optically thin dielectric layer 光学薄电介层interference effects 干涉效应 texturing 制绒 alkaline solutions 碱溶液 etch 刻蚀/腐蚀 anisotropically 各向异性地 plane 晶面 pyramids 金字塔 a few microns 几微米etching time and temperature 腐蚀时间和温度manufacturing process 制造工艺 process flow 工艺流程 high yield 高产量 starting material 原材料 solar grade 太阳级 a pseudo －square shape 单晶型状 saw damage removal 去除损伤层 fracture 裂纹acid solutions 酸溶液 immerse 沉浸 tank 槽 texturization 制绒 microscopic pyramids 极小的金字塔 size 尺寸大小 hinder the formation of the contacts 阻碍电极的形成 the concentration ，the temperature and the agitation of the solution 溶液的浓度，温度和搅拌 the duration of the bath 溶液维持时间 alcohol 酒精 improve 改进增加 homogeneity 同质性 wettability 润湿性phosphorus diffusion 磷扩散eliminate adsorbed metallic impurities 消除吸附的金属杂质 quartz furnaces 石英炉 quartz boats 石英舟 quartz tube 石英炉管bubbling nitrogen through liquid POCL3 小氮belt furnaces 链式炉 back contact cell 背电极电池 reverse voltage 反向电压 reverse current 反向电流 amorphous glass of phospho －silicates 非晶玻璃 diluted HF 稀释HF 溶液 junction isolation 结绝缘 coin －stacked 堆放barrel －type reactors 桶状反应腔 fluorine 氟fluorine compound 氟化物 simultaneously 同时地 high throughput 高产出 ARC deposition 减反层沉积 Titanium dioxide TiO2 Refraction index 折射系数 Encapsulated cell 封装电池Atmospheric pressure chemicalvapor deposition APCVD Sprayed from a nozzle 喷嘴喷雾 Hydrolyze 水解 Spin －on 旋涂 Front contact print 正电极印刷 The front metallization 前面金属化 Low contact resistance to silicon 低接触电阻 Low bulk resistivity 低体电阻率 Low line width with high aspect ratio 低线宽高比Good mechanical adhesion 好机械粘贴solderability 可焊性 screen printing 丝网印刷 comblike pattern 梳妆图案finger 指条 bus bars 主栅线 viscous 粘的 solvent 溶剂back contact print 背电极印刷 both silver and aluminum 银铝 form ohmic contact 形成欧姆接触 warp 弯曲cofiring of metal contacts 电极共烧organic components of the paste 浆料有机成分 burn off 烧掉 sinter 烧结 perforate 穿透testing and sorting 测试分选 I-V curve I-V 曲线 Module 组件 Inhomogeneous 不均匀的 Gallium 镓 Degradation 衰减 A small segregation c oefficient coefficient 小分凝系数 Asymmetric 不对称的 High resolution 高分辨率 Base resistivity 基体电阻率 The process flow 工艺流程Antireflection coating 减反射层 Cross section of a solar cell 太阳能电池横截面 Dissipation 损耗 Light －generated current 光生电流 Incident photons 入射光子 The ideal short circuit flow 理想短路电路 The depletion region 耗尽区 Quantum efficiency 量子效率 Blue response 蓝光效应 Spectral response 光谱响应 Light －generated carriers 光生载流子Forward bias 正向偏压 Simulation 模拟 Equilibrium 平衡Superposition 重合The fourth quadrant 第四象限 The saturation current 饱和电流Io Fill factor 填充因子FF Graphically 用图象表示 The maximum theoretical FF 理论上 Empirically 经验主义的 Normalized Voc 规范化Voc The ideality factor n －factor 理想因子Terrestrial solar cells 地球上的电池At a temperature of 25C 25度下 Under AM1.5 conditions 在AM1.5环境下Efficiency is defined as ×× 定义为Fraction 分数Parasitic resistances 寄生电阻 Series resistance 串联电阻 Shunt resistance 并联电阻 The circuit diagram 电路图 Be sensitive to temperature 易受温度影响 The band gap of a semiconductor 半导体能隙 The intrinsic carrierconcentration 本征载流子的浓度Reduce the optical losses 减少光损 Deuterated silicon nitride 含重氢氮化硅 Buried contact solar cells BCSC Porous silicon PS 多孔硅 Electrochemical etching 电化学腐蚀 Screen printed SP 丝网印刷 A sheet resistance of 45-50 ohm/sq 45到50方块电阻The reverse saturation current density Job 反向饱和电流密度 Destructive interference 相消干涉 Surface texting Inverted pyramid 倒金字塔Four point probe 四探针Saw damage etch Alkaline 碱的 Cut groove 开槽 Conduction band 导带 Valence band 价带 B and O simultaneously in silicon 硼氧共存 Iodine/methanol solution 碘酒/甲醇溶液 Rheology 流变学 Spin －on dopants 旋涂掺杂 Spray －on dopants 喷涂掺杂 The metallic impurities 金属杂质 One slot for two wafers 一个槽两片Throughput 产量 A standard POCL3 diffusion 标准POCL3扩散Back －to －back diffusion 背靠背扩散Heterojunction w ith with intrinsic thin －layer HIT 电池 Refine 提炼Dye sensitized solar cell 染料敏化太阳电池Organic thin film solar cell 有机薄膜电池 Infra red 红外光 Unltra violet 紫外光 Parasitic resistance 寄生电阻 Theoretical efficiency 理论效率 Busbar 主栅线 Kerf loss 锯齿损失 Electric charge 电荷 Covalent bonds 共价键The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) 热膨胀系数 Bump 鼓泡 Alignment 基准 Fiducial mark 基准符号 Squeegee 橡胶带Isotropic plasma texturing 各向等离子制绒Block-cast multicrystalline silicon 整铸多晶硅 Parasitic junction removal 寄生结的去除 Iodine ethanol 碘酒 Deionised water 去离子水 Viscosity 粘性 Mesh screen 网孔 Emulsion 乳胶 Properties of light 光特性 Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射The visible light 可见光 The wavelength ，denoted by R 用R 表示波长 An inverse relationship between ……and ……given by the equation ：相反关系，可用方程表示 Spectral irradiance 分光照度……is shown in the figure below. Directly convert electricity into sunlight 直接将电转换成光 Raise an electron to a higher energy state 电子升入更高能级 External circuit 外电路 Meta-stable 亚稳态Light-generated current 光生电流Sweep apart by the electric field Quantum efficiency 量子效率 The fourth quadrant 第四象限 The spectrum of the incident light 入射光谱The AM1.5 spectrum The FF is defined as the ratio of ……to …… Graphically 如图所示 Screen-printed solar cells 丝网印刷电池Phosphorous diffusion 磷扩散 A simple homongeneous d iffusion diffusion 均匀扩散Blue response 蓝光相应Shallow emitter 浅结 Commercial production 商业生产 Surface texturing to reduce reflection 表面制绒 Etch pyramids on the wafer surface with a chemical solution Crystal orientation Titanium dioxide TiO2PasteInorganic 无机的 Glass 玻璃料 DopantComposition Particle size Distribution Etch SiNx Contact path Sintering aid Adhesion 黏合性 Ag powderMorphology 形态Crystallinity Glass effect on Ag/Si interface Reference cell OrganicResin 树脂 Carrier 载体Rheology 流变性Printability 印刷性Aspect ratio 高宽比 Functional group Molecular weight Additives 添加剂 Surfactant 表面活性剂Thixotropic agent 触变剂Plasticizer 可塑剂Solvent 溶剂 Boiling point Vapor pressure 蒸汽压 Solubility 溶解性 Surface tension 表面张力 SolderabilityViscosity 黏性 Solids content Fineness of grind ，研磨细度 Dried thickness Fired thickness Drying profile Peak firing temp 300 mesh screen Emulsion thickness 乳胶厚度 Storage Shelf life 保存期限 Thinning 稀释Eliminate Al bead formation 消除铝珠Low bowing Wet depositPattern design: 100um*74 太阳电池 solar cell单晶硅太阳电池single crystalline silicon solar cell 多晶硅太阳电池 so multi crystalline silicon solar cell非晶硅太阳电池 amorphous silicon solar cell薄膜太能能电池 Thin-film solar cell 多结太阳电池 multijunction solar cell 化合物半导体太阳电池compound semiconductor solar cell 用化合物半导体材料制成的太阳电池用化合物半导体材料制成的太阳电池 带硅太阳电池silicon ribbon solar cell光电子 photo-electron短路电流 short-circuit current （Isc） 开路电压 open-circuit voltage （V oc） 最大功率 maximum power (Pm)最大功率点 maximum power point最佳工作点电压 optimum operating voltage (Vn)最佳工作点电流 optimum operating current (In)填充因子 fill factor(curve factor)曲线修正系数 curve correction coefficient太阳电池温度 solar cell temperature串联电阻 series resistance并联电阻 shunt resistance转换效率cell efficiency暗电流 dark current暗特性曲线 dark characteristic curve光谱响应 spectral response(spectral sensitivity)太阳电池组件 module(solar cell module)隔离二极管 blocking diode旁路二极管 bypass (shunt) diode组件的电池额定工作温度NOCT（nominal operating cell temperature）短路电流的温度系数 temperature coefficients of Isc开路电压的温度系数 temperature coefficients of Vcoefficients of Vococ峰值功率的温度系数 temperature coefficients of Pm组件效率 Module efficiency峰瓦 watts peak额定功率 rated power额定电压 rated voltage额定电流 rated current太阳能光伏系统 solar photovoltaic (PV) system并网太阳能光伏发电系统 Grid-Connected PV system独立太阳能光伏发电系统Stand alone PV system太阳能控制器solar controller逆变器 inverter孤岛效应 islanding逆变器变换效率 inverter efficiency方阵(太阳电池方阵) array （solar cell array）子方阵sub-array (solar cell sub-array) 充电控制器 charge controller直流/直流电压变换器 DC/DC converter(inverter)直流/交流电压变换器 DC/AC converter(inverter)电网 grid太阳跟踪控制器 sun-tracking ontroller 并网接口 utility interface光伏系统有功功率 active power of PV power station光伏系统无功功率reactive power of PV power station光伏系统功率因数 power factor of PV power station公共连接点 point of common coupling 接线盒 junction box发电量 power generation输出功率 output power交流电 Alternating current断路器Circuit breaker汇流箱 Combiner box配电箱Distribution box电能表Supply meter变压器Transformer太阳能光伏建筑一体化Building-integrated PV (BIPV)辐射 radiation太阳辐照度 Solar radiation散射辐照（散射太阳辐照）量 diffuse irradiation(diffuse insolation)直射辐照 direct irradiation (direct insolation)总辐射度(太阳辐照度) global irradiance (solar global irradiance)辐射计 radiometer方位角 Azimuth angle倾斜角 Tilt angle太阳常数 solar constant大气质量 (AM) air mass太阳高度角 solar elevation angle标准太阳电池 standard solar cell （reference solar cell）太阳模拟器 solar simulator太阳电池的标准测试条件为：环境温度25±25±22℃，用标准测量的光源辐照度为1000W/m2 并且有标准的太阳光谱辐照度分布。
光伏发电仿真软件RETScreen说明及使用方法
光伏发电仿真软件RETScreen说明及使用方法一、RETScreenR光伏模型RETScreen是一种基于Excel的清洁能源项目分析软件工具，可帮助决策者们快速而轻松地确定潜在可再生能源、节能和热电联产项目的技术和财务可行性，可以为不同类型的节能和可再生能源工程的能源产量、周期成本以及温室气体的减排作出评估。
RETScreen光伏项目模型能在世界范围内，方便地评估三个基本光伏应用(并网、离网和排水）的能源产量、寿命期成本和温室气体减排。
对于并网的应用，模型可以用来评估中枢电网和独立电网的光伏系统。
对于离网的应用，模型可以用来评估独立光伏系统（光伏-蓄电池）和互补光伏系统（光伏-蓄电池-柴油发电机）。
对于排水的应用，模型可以用来评估光伏排水系统。
光伏项目模型包括6个工作表(能量模型，太阳能资源和系统负荷计算，成本分析，温室气体(温室气体)排放降低分析，财务概要和敏感性与风险分析)。
二、RETScreenR光伏模型分析流程在应用RETScreen来分析光伏项目模型时，首先完成能量模型，太阳能资源和系统负荷计算，然后进行成本分析和财务分析。
温室气体减排分析和敏感性与风险分析是可选项。
温室气体减排分析可以使用户计算所提议项目的温室气体减排评估。
敏感性分析可以帮助用户评估当主要经济、技术参数变化时项目主要经济指标的变化敏感性。
一般来讲，用户从上到下使用工作表，这个过程可能会重复几次才能达到最佳的能源应用与成本合理化的搭配。
四、RETScreen下载与安装RETScreen 清洁能源项目分析软件是世界领先的清洁能源决策软件。
它是由加拿大政府完全免费提供做为加拿大对处理气侯变化以及减少污染承认需采取的综合方法之一。
该软件可以网站中获取。
RETScreen成套软件下载并在电脑上运行需要安装两个独立程序：RETScreen 4和RETScreen Plus。
RETScreen 4是一种基于Excel的清洁能源项目分析软件工具，可帮助决策者们快速而轻松地确定潜在可再生能源、节能和热电联产项目的技术和财务可行性。
trnsys手册部分翻译
瞬态系统模拟计算机程序a TRaNsient SYstem Simulationprogram说明书使用指南：本书仅对trnsys 16入门学习做初步指导，并没有提供关于TRNSYS模拟软件和实用程序的详细介绍。
详细介绍在会以后章节中一一列出。
注册过的用户可在TRNSYS上下载最新的版本。
修正记录：• 2004-09 TRNSYS 16.00.0000• 2005-02 TRNSYS 16.00.0037• 2009-11 TRNSYS 17.00.0000如何获取更多的信息：关于程序和程序应用的详细资料，用户可以在TRNSYS或是太阳能实验室的TRNSYS联系人那里获取。
绪论绪论针对TRNSYS本身及其套件做了简单介绍。
从中您可以学会如何安装、打开例子、在模拟演示窗口创建系统以及如何使用多维建筑界面。
（TRNBuild）TRNSYS简单介绍TRNSYS是一个完整的、仿真环境具有可扩展性的瞬态仿真系统，包括多区的建筑物。
来自世界各地的工程师和研究人员借此验证新能源的概念，从简单的家庭热水系统的设计到模拟建筑物及其设备，包括控制策略、居住者的行为，、替代能源系统（如风能，太阳能，光伏发电，氢能系统）等。
在过去的25年里，TRNSYS成功的一个关键因素在于系统的开放及其模块化结构。
末端用户可以获取软件的源代码核，以及部件模型。
这有助于简化现有的大模式，以使其更适应用户的特殊需要。
基于DLL核的结构化设计，用户或第三开发商可以使用一些常见的编程语言（C, C + + ，PASCAL, FORTRAN, 等等），便可轻松地添加用户设定的部件。
此外， TRNSYS可以很容易地连接到许多其它应用软件，比如模拟的前处理或是后处理以及模拟过程过through interactive calls（例如Microsoft Excel， Matlab， COMIS ，等等）。
TRNSYS应用包括：•太阳能系统（集热和光伏）•低能耗建筑和新型空调系统（自然通风，平板加热/冷却，double façade，等等•可再生能源系统•热电联产，燃料电池•任何动态仿真系统TRNSYS术语：通常在模拟演示窗口中以图形的方式组建TRNSYSY模拟方案。