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【高中英语】高考英语语法讲解:主谓一致问题讲解

【高中英语】高考英语语法讲解:主谓一致问题讲解

【高中英语】高考英语语法讲解:主谓一致问题讲解本文题目:高考英语语法讲解:主谓一致问题讲解(一)主谓一致性主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。

把握主谓一致问题,考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定,进而选择适当的谓语。

解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致性原则意义一致原则邻近原则很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致,在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则,具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。

总结如下:当谓语动词是单数时1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数。

如:购买柔软的衣服是因为人们喜欢的衣服是他们自己喜欢的。

(1987年考研题)2.当表示时间、距离、数量、重量、面积、体积、体积和其他度量的名词短语用作主语时,谓语为单数。

twoweekswastoolong五个时间五个星期做二十五个3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候,谓语用复数,但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念,谓语用单数:肥皂水由律师制备的肥皂水acupandsaucer茶杯碟子forkandknife刀叉NeedleAndThread针和线trialanderror尝试了一次又一次horseandcarriage马车timeandtide岁月面包和黄油的涨落如:iflawandordernotpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.a、 isb。

阿雷克。

瓦兹。

是答案:a。

4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数。

当它们是主语时,谓语动词是单数的linguisticsisabranchofstudyonhumanlanguage.5.有些名词形式上是复数,意义上是单数。

根据语义一致性原则,动词使用单数形式thechaoswasstoppedbythepolice这则新闻非常鼓舞人心aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelectureswasscheduledforthenextweekend.6.当使用和表达单个概念时,动词谓语是单数形式breadandbutterisourdailyfood时间和潮汐二.谓语用复数情况1.并列主语后的谓语动词由and连接,两者都是。

最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)

最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)

最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间的一致性,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词的形式。

在英语语法中,主谓一致是一个非常重要的原则,它确保了句子结构正确和表达清晰。

主谓一致可以分为语法一致和意义一致两种原则。

二、主谓一致的种类1. 语法一致(1)当主语由两个或两个以上的单数名词或者代词组成时,谓语动词的形式取决于指代的是否为不同的人或事物。

如果是不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指代的是同一个人或事物或者同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。

(2)当主语是不定式、动词ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。

(3)在定语从句中,关系代词who、which、that作主语时,要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。

(4)使用连接词with、along with、together with、as well as、besides、like、without、except、but等连接的主语,谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。

(5)主语为不定代词all、more、some、any、none时,谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。

(6)主语为the rest of、half of、part of、majority of、percent of、one third of等加名词时,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。

(7)集合名词作主语时,动词可用单数或复数,主要由句子的意思决定。

强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时,动词用复数。

常见的集合名词有public、family、class、crowd、population、team、group等。

(8)某些名词如people、police、cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。

但people指“民族”时是例外。

2. 意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。

有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。

初中英语知识点归纳主谓一致和主谓宾关系

初中英语知识点归纳主谓一致和主谓宾关系

初中英语知识点归纳主谓一致和主谓宾关系初中英语知识点归纳——主谓一致和主谓宾关系在学习英语的过程中,主谓一致和主谓宾关系是两个重要的知识点。

掌握了这两个知识点,我们就能更加准确地表达自己的意思,避免犯下一些常见的错误。

接下来,我将对主谓一致和主谓宾关系进行详细的归纳和解释。

主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。

换言之,如果主语是单数第三人称,则谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;如果主语是复数或者非第三人称,则谓语动词要用复数形式。

下面是一些例子:1. 我喜欢这本书。

I like this book.2. 他们都是我的朋友。

They are all my friends.3. 爸爸喝咖啡。

Dad drinks coffee.在上述例句中,第一句中主语是"I",是单数第一人称,因此谓语动词用了"like";第二句中主语是"they",是复数,所以谓语动词用了"are";第三句中主语是"dad",是单数第三人称,所以谓语动词用了"drinks"。

此外,还有一些特殊情况需要注意。

例如,当主语是并列结构时,谓语动词一般与离它最近的主语保持一致;当主语是"each"、"every"、"either"、"neither"等表示每一个或者两者之一的词时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式。

下面是一些例子:1. Lucy and Lily are my best friends. Lucy和Lily是我的最好的朋友。

2. Either he or I am going to the party. 他或者我一个人要去参加晚会。

在第一句中,主语是"Lucy and Lily",是并列结构,因此谓语动词用了"are";在第二句中,主语是"either he or I",要选择两者之一,所以谓语动词用了"am"。

中的主谓一致和主谓宾宾补关系

中的主谓一致和主谓宾宾补关系

中的主谓一致和主谓宾宾补关系主谓一致和主谓宾宾宾补关系是语法中的重要知识点。

在句子中,主语与谓语之间的关系需要保持一致,即主语为单数时,谓语也要用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语也要用复数形式。

另外,主语与宾语、宾补之间也存在特定的关系,需要使用正确的词语进行连接。

本文将针对主谓一致和主谓宾宾宾补关系进行详细讨论。

主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数和人称上保持一致。

例如,在句子"The cat eats fish"(这只猫吃鱼)中,主语"cat"(猫)是单数形式,而谓语"eats"(吃)也采用了单数形式,保持了主谓一致。

再比如,在句子"They eat apples"(他们吃苹果)中,主语"They"(他们)是复数形式,而谓语"eat"(吃)也采用了复数形式,保持了主谓一致。

主谓宾宾补关系是指主语与宾语之间存在一种宾语补语,用来进一步说明宾语的特性或状态。

常见的宾语补语有形容词、名词和不定式等。

在这种关系中,谓语同时和宾语和宾语补语保持一致。

例如,在句子"I find the movie interesting"(我觉得这部电影有趣)中,主语"I"(我)的谓语"find"(觉得)同时与宾语"the movie"(这部电影)和宾语补语"interesting"(有趣)保持一致。

除了宾语补语,还有宾补在主谓宾句型中起着类似的作用。

宾补也是指用来补充说明宾语的内容,常见的有形容词、副词和名词等。

在主谓宾句型中,宾补与宾语之间需要保持一致。

例如,在句子"He made me happy"(他让我开心)中,宾语"me"(我)的宾补"happy"(开心)与宾语保持一致。

主谓一致-讲解++练习(全)

主谓一致-讲解++练习(全)

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

1、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。

Tom is a good student。

汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2、意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。

My family are having lunch now。

我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book。

这本书20美元太贵了。

3、就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。

例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk。

课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词)/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。

The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。

Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground。

这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

但“many a+名词”作主语,意义虽为“许多",但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解

主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解

主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。

The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较:the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意:指同一个人或物时,并列主语前只用一个冠词,指不同的需要分别加冠词,但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意:many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时,谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1)学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操:GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意:当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确,答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3)由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词(a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1)mankind, humanity, man 作主语时,谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2)people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时,只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如: There are 56 peoples in China3)family, crowd 等作主语时,根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有:Army, assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较:A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4)baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如:a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5)hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数):My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6)fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的:He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较:Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1)非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语,表达一个概念谓语用单数,表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有:miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式,有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词,some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语,指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. 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主谓一致讲解及练习

主谓一致讲解及练习

主谓一致讲解及练习一、主谓一致的含义:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上维持一致。

二、主谓一致三原则:主谓一致必需遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

(一)、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。

1. 单数或不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。

如:The teache r i s here and the students ar e there .老师在这里,学生在那里。

2.each,every,neither,either,no+单数名词作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:Each room is full of people.每间屋子都挤满了人。

Each boy and girl____a new book.A.are given B.was given C.being given D.were given3.主语+with,together with,like,as well as,except, including等短语作定语时,谓语的单、复数与主语一致。

如:He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。

The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.老师和他的学生一路步行抵达那里。

Nobody but Jane____the secret.A.knows B.Know C.have know D.is know4.something,everything,anything,nothing,everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone,no one,nobody等复合不定代和单独的either,neither,each(each of),no one,the other,another等词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)

高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)

高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。

●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。

●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。

二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。

⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。

⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。

1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。

⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。

⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。

1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。

⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。

1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。

⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。

三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。

●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。

四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。

宾语补足语及主谓一致

宾语补足语及主谓一致

宾语补足语及主谓一致Ⅰ. 宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语作进一步的补充说明。

某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成符合宾语。

复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的特征,称为宾语补足语。

宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词及动词的不定式来充当:1. 名词:eg. They named their daughter Jenny。

他们给女儿取名叫珍妮。

They thought this good advice. 他们认为这是好的建议。

【注意】(1) 常用名词充当宾补的动词有:call, name, elect, choose, make, think, find, consider, keep等(2) 充当宾补的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时,前面一般不用冠词。

eg. They elected John chairman of the committee. 他们选举约翰为委员会主席。

2. 形容词:eg. You should keep your room clean and tidy.你应该保持房间干净整洁。

We’d better leave the door open. 我们最好把门敞开。

3. 副词和介词短语:eg. Why didn’t you invite them in? 为什么不邀请他们进来?The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.4. 现在分词:eg. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.我可以感觉到凉风吹在我脸上。

5. 过去分词:eg. Last year they had their house rebuilt. 去年他们重建了房子。

宾补主谓一致课件

宾补主谓一致课件

注意语境和语义的变化
语境
语境是指语言使用的环境。在宾补主谓 一致的情况下,需要根据语境选择合适 的谓语动词,确保与主语的语义保持一致。
VS
语义
语义是指语言的意义。在宾补主谓一致的 情况下,需要根据语义选择合适的谓语动 词,确保与主语的语义保持一致。
注意文化背景和语言习惯的变化
文化背景
不同国家和地区的文化背景可能影响语言的 使用习惯。在宾补主谓一致的情况下,需要 了解不同文化背景下的语言习惯,确保谓语 动词与主语保持一致。
在某些特定情况下,主谓一致的规则 会有所变化,例如在倒装句、强调句、 省略句等情况下。
2023
PART 02
宾补主谓一致的常见错误
REPORTING
主语与谓语不一致
总结词
主语与谓语不一致是宾补主谓一致中的常见错误,会导致句子结构混乱,语义 不明。
详细描述
主语与谓语不一致通常表现为主语和谓语的词性、时态、语态等方面的不匹配, 如“The book is written by him.”中主语“book”是名词,而谓语 “written”是动词,造成句子结构不正确。
语言习惯
语言习惯是指人们在长期使用中形成的语言 规律。在宾补主谓一致的情况下,需要了解 不同语言习惯下的谓语动词形式,确保与主 语保持一致。
2023
REPORTING
THANKS
感谢观看
宾补主谓一致的运用场景
REPORTING
写作中的运用
在描述不同人物、事物或情境时,需要根据主语和宾 语的关系,选择正确的动词形式,以确保句子意思的 准确表达。
宾补主谓一致在写作中非常重要,因为它能够使句子 结构更加清晰、语法正确。
例如,在描述“The teacher loves his students”,动词“loves”应该与主语保持一致, 使用第三人称单数形式“loves”,而不是“love”。

宾语补足语和主谓一致精讲

宾语补足语和主谓一致精讲

宾语补足语和主谓一致1.观察思考:一.说出下列句子中斜体部分的成分1.We all made Li Hua our monitor.2.The teacher asked us to leave the door open3.We find this advertisement very interesting.4.Please keep the cat out.5. I am often kept at home all day long on Sunday二.比较两句句意1.You can write the speech either in English or in Chinese.2.It is neither your fault nor mine. It’s your friend Jack’s fault.归纳总结:I.宾语补足语就是用,,,,等对宾语进行补充或说明。

巩固练习:1.They all call the machine________(机器人).2.Why did you have lights ______all night(亮着)?3.We consider him_________________ (是位诚实的孩子).4. you must improve your work I shall dismiss you.(either…or / neither…nor)2.观察思考:Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms:1.Th e people’s republic of China _____(be) founded in 1949.2.The food they offered on the plane ____(be) delicious.3. No one except two teachers________( know) the secret.4. All my family _____ (get) up early in the morning.归纳总结:定义:英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在和上保持一致,即主谓一致。

高中语法主谓一致详细讲解

高中语法主谓一致详细讲解

高中语法主谓一致详细讲解主谓一致的讲解在英语语法中,主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

如果主语是单数,谓语动词也必须是单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词也必须是复数形式。

下面我们来讲一下并列结构作主语时的主谓一致。

1.由and连接主语时当and连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时,根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数。

1) 并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时,谓语动词用复数。

例如:Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students。

(XXX和XXX是好学生。

)Like many others。

the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold。

(像许多人一样,小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子。

)Both XXX in this area。

(这个地区种植着水稻和小麦。

)2) 并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:XXX(那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。

)A XXX(一位新闻记者兼作家住在六楼。

)His XXX was with him on his trip to Europe。

(他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行。

)XXX XXX was present at the state XXX(总理兼外长出席了国宴。

)比较:XXX(作家和教育家曾来过我们学校。

)XXX(作家兼教育家曾来过我们学校。

)His lawyer and his XXX were with him on his trip to Europe。

(他的律师和他的大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行。

)注意:指同一个人或物时,并列主语前只用一个冠词。

指不同的需要分别加冠词,但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可。

例如:A XXX(一个男孩和一个女孩在打网球。

高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习一、讲解部分主谓一致是高中英语语法中的一个重要概念,它指的是在英语句子中,主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。

具体来说,就是主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式。

同时,谓语动词的人称要根据主语的性别和数量进行变化。

主谓一致的规则主要包括以下三个原则:1.语法一致原则:主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。

2.意义一致原则:主语和谓语动词在意义上保持一致。

3.邻近一致原则:如果一个句子中有两个主语,谓语动词与距离它最近的主语保持一致。

在实际应用中,需要根据具体的语境和上下文来判断主谓一致的用法。

例如,在一般现在时中,如果主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it),谓语动词要用单数形式;如果主语是复数形式(they/we/you),谓语动词要用复数形式。

二、练习部分1.用正确的形式填空:(1) He(play) basketball every Sunday.(2) She(write) letters to her friends every week.(3) We(go) to the movies on Fridays.(4) They(not play) in the park now.(5) I ___(not write) to my parents this week.答案:(1) plays (2) writes (3) go (4) aren't playing (5) haven't written1.翻译句子:(1) 他们喜欢游泳和打篮球。

答案:They like swimming and playing basketball.。

重点高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解

重点高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解

高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解本文主要讲解主谓一致,并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致等常见考点。

主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如:Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeti ng.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注:先从时态上考虑。

这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。

本题易误选D,因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

例如:Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去,就是她去。

Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸。

15.3谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。

例如:Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

三个星期来做准备。

Tenyuanisenough.十元够了。

15.5指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

例如:Allisright. 一切顺利。

Allarepresent. 人都到齐了。

M3U3宾补和主谓一致

M3U3宾补和主谓一致

M3U3宾补和主谓⼀致M3U3语法讲解与练习制卷:胡志霞⼀、宾语补⾜语宾补:宾语补⾜语⽤来说明宾语的情况,⼀般以" 谓语动词+宾语+宾补"的句型出现能带宾语补⾜语的动词常见的有She found him a very clever boy. (_____You found the door open. (_____做宾补)I found nobody in the classroom. (_____做宾补)We found the ruins most interesting. (_____做宾补)We made her our monitor. (_____做宾补)I feel my feet cold. (_____做宾补)We believe him to be a great scholar. (_____做宾补)I hear him singing. (_____做宾补)We consider her performance a big success. (_____做宾补)The man was kept in prison. (_____做宾补)总结:An object complement, which gives information about the object, can be a noun(名词), a noun phrase(名词词组), an adjective(形容词), a to-infinitive(不定式), a bare infinitive(动词原形), or a prepositional phrase(介词词组).1. 接不定式作宾补的动词有:(advise,cause,allow,ask,invite,teach,tell,want,like,ask for,order,wait for ...)+ 宾语+ to do(be)…我建议她多做运动。

中的主谓一致和主谓宾宾状定关系

中的主谓一致和主谓宾宾状定关系

中的主谓一致和主谓宾宾状定关系主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓宾宾状定关系则是指主语、谓语、宾语和状语之间的关联。

在汉语语法中,主谓一致和主谓宾宾状定关系是构成句子结构的重要组成部分。

下面将针对这两个语法概念进行详细解释。

一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

主谓之间的一致性是为了使句子更加准确和通顺。

当主语是单数时,谓语动词应该用单数形式;当主语是复数时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。

例如:1. 他喜欢吃苹果。

(主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式“喜欢”)2. 他们喜欢吃苹果。

(主语为第三人称复数,谓语动词用复数形式“喜欢”)在英语中,主谓一致同样是重要的语法规则。

例如:1. He likes apples.(主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式“likes”)2. They like apples.(主语为第三人称复数,谓语动词用复数形式“like”)二、主谓宾宾状定关系主谓宾宾状定关系是指主语、谓语、宾语和状语之间的关联,这些成分在句子中的位置和作用是固定的。

主语是句子的中心词,谓语是主语的核心内容,宾语表示动作的承受者或者影响的对象,状语则表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等。

在汉语句子中,主谓宾宾状定关系的搭配也需要遵循一定的语法规则。

例如:1. 主谓宾关系主语指的是一个句子中的剩余部分,谓语是动作的核心,宾语则是动作的承受者或者影响对象。

例如:他打了他的朋友。

(主语:他;谓语:打了;宾语:他的朋友)2. 主谓宾宾关系主语指的是一个句子中的剩余部分,谓语是动作的核心,宾语一和宾语二分别表示动作涉及的两个对象,常用于表示给予或者承受的动作。

例如:他送给了她一束鲜花。

(主语:他;谓语:送给了;宾语一:她;宾语二:一束鲜花)3. 主谓宾状关系主语指的是一个句子中的剩余部分,谓语是动作的核心,宾语表示动作的承受者或者影响对象,状语则表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。

高中英语语法中主谓一致的解释

高中英语语法中主谓一致的解释

高中英语语法中主谓一致的解释高中英语语法中主谓一致的解释一个。

概念:主体-主体协议是指:1)语法形式要一致,即单数和复数形式要与谓语一致。

2)意思要一致,即主语的单数和复数形式要与谓语的单数和复数形式一致。

3)邻近原则,即谓语动词的单数和复数形式取决于其附近的词。

一般来说,不可数名词用单数动词,可数名词用复数动词。

例如,热水瓶里有很多水。

但是当不可数名词前面有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词是复数形式。

去年生产了一万吨煤。

两个。

相关知识点的阐述1.当并列结构用作主语时,谓语是复数,例如:阅读和写作非常重要。

阅读和写作非常重要。

注:主语用and连接时,如果表示单一概念,即同一人或同一物,则谓语动词为单数,此时用and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

示例:钢铁工业对我们的生活非常重要。

钢铁工业对我们的生活意义重大。

典型例子团支书兼班长__要求在会上发言。

A.是b .是c .是d .是回答b .注意:先考虑时态。

这是把过去发生的事情用过去式时,先排除A、c .这个问题很容易误选D,因为团支书和班长好像是两个人,但是仔细分辨就没有班长之前的那个了。

在英语中,当一个人有几份工作时,第一份工作前只加定冠词。

下列位置与和相连。

所以这个问题的主体是人,所以你应该选择b。

2.主谓一致中的邻近原则1)当be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与*的相邻主语一致。

示例:桌子上有一支钢笔、一把小刀和七本书。

桌子上有一支钢笔、一把刀和一些书。

班上有二十个男孩和二十三个女孩。

班上有二十个男孩和二十三个女孩。

2)当有两个主语通过……或……连接起来,而这两个主语都不是……或时,谓语动词与与*相邻的主语一致。

如果句子以这里、那里为引导,并且有多个主语,则谓语通常与*的相邻主语相同。

示例:要么你去,要么她去。

要么你去,要么她去。

给你一支笔,几个信封和一些纸。

这里有笔、信封和纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

当主语由短语组成时,如with,together,like,except,但是,不少于,以及等。

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M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage宾语补足语一.英语的五种基本句型结构:①S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly.他跑得快。

②S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。

③S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year.他们去年建了一所房子。

④S 十V 十O1十O2主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me.他把座位让给我。

⑤S 十V 十O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很高兴。

I found him out.我发现他出去了。

They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

I saw him come in and go out.我见他进来又出去。

They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

He found the door of study closed to him.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。

说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语二.宾语补足语:1、定义:The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义,宾补是补充说明宾语,使句子意义完整的句子成分。

2、使用场合:Verb + object + object complement3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:(1). 名词:We made him our monitor.They thought this good advice.They named their daughter Jenny.注:充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时,前面一般不用冠词。

They elected John chairman of the committee.(2). 形容词:You should keep your room clean and tidy.We’d better leave the door open.We found the ruins most interesting.(3). 介词短语He left his bag in the office.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.(4). 副词He opened the window to let the fresh air in.I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.(5). 现在分词:I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.(6). 过去分词:When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree.He raised his voice to make himself heard.I had my watch repaired yesterday.(7). 不定式或省略to 的不定式My mother allowed me to play games for a while.Can you make your car park over there?注:(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时,五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)三使(make, let, have)两听(listen to, hear)一感觉(feel)后接省略to 的不定式(2).help 一词后的不定式,可带to,也可以不带to。

4、在复合宾语中,宾语通常为名词或代词,但有时也可以用不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或that从句来充当。

一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。

值得注意的是:think, find, consider,feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语,it后面应接宾补,而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.I think it very important to attend this meeting.We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.注意:在这种结构中,宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词;常用于这种结构的动词有:feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。

【小结】1、宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。

宾语+宾语补足语=>复合宾语。

2、可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。

3、能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词。

4、主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语,相应的宾补就成为主补。

常跟宾语补足语的动词:第一类, 感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式,也可以是现在分词或过去分词。

feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look atI saw him cross/crossing the road. => He was seen___________/ ____________ the road.但句子变为被动语态时,不定式的to要还原。

第二类, 使役动词,所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。

如:let, have, get, make, would like, want等。

This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment.If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?The machine doesn’t work. I must have it repaired right now.第三类, 含命名意义的动词,所接的宾补一般是名词。

如:call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。

Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.第四类, v. + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词,所接的宾补一般是不定式。

这类动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等第五类, find, keep, leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活,后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。

We found it very difficult to solve the problem.How can you keep them waiting for so long?Keep the door closed.Exercises:一.单句改错1. We all elected Jason the monitor.2. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.3. ---What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!--- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.4. Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.5. He pushed the door opening.6. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.7. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.8. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.9. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.10.He was heard sing last night.二.用所给动词的适当形式填空1. In the end, we found the girl _______________ (lock) in a dark room.2. Just at that time, I saw an old woman _______________ (cross) the narrow street.3. Don’t let your son _______________(play)computer games like this any more.4. I’ve never heard the word _______________ (use) in spoken English.5. I think you can’t force your son _______________(go) to see her.三.单项填空1.Tell him _______ the window.A.to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut2. ----There’s a hole in your bag.--- I know, I’m going to have it _______.A.mendB. mendingC. mendedD. to be mended3. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made _______ by his little sister.A.cry; to cryB. crying; cryingC. cry; cryD. to cry; cry4. They would not allow him _______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB. risking to goC. for risk to goD. risk going5. I found the door _______when I got home.A.openedB. closeC. unlockingD. open6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.A.not toB. not to doC. not doD. do not to7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_______.A.going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on8. With a lot of difficult problems_______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled9. I advised _______ at once.A.him to startingB. him to startC. to startingD. to start10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _______.A.beatB. to be beatingC. beatingD. was beating11. You had better get a doctor _______ your bad tooth.A.pull outB. to pull outC. pulled outD. pulling out12. He managed to make himself _______ with his _______ English.A. understand; breakingB. understand; brokenC. understood; breakingD. understood; broken13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _______.A. exposeB. exposedC. to exposeD. exposing14.Don’t you think it ______ to learn this kind of skill at present?A. difficultyB. difficultC. difficultlyD. the different15. My advisor encouraged _______ a summer course to improve my writing skill.A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take16. The director had her assistant _______ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up17. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked18. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ as much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak19. I smell something ________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _______ in his lectures.A. interestingB. interestC. interestedD. to interest主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。

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