选修八unit5语法

Book8Unit5语法导学案（A）学习目标：知识目标：掌握十大常用时态的基本用法及其被动结构。

能力目标：能够总结现在完成进行时和现在完成时、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。

情感目标：自主、合作、探究，激情展示，大胆质疑，分享成果。

激发学生对语法的学习热情。

学习重点：掌握十大常用时态的基本用法及其被动结构。

学习难点：能够总结现在完成进行时和现在完成时、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别第一部分：预习案一：动词时态语态基本知识：二．例句呈现：请同学们在括号内写出各句所使用的时态。

1. I always sleep with the window open.( )2. I was reading an interesting book at this time yesterday.( )3.I will be having a gathering party with my friends at this time tomorrow.( )4.I saw the famous film Pearl Harbor yesterday evening.( )5.The plane takes off at 5 o’clock.( )6. He will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.( )7.The workers are building a garden these days.( )8.He has taught Chinese for 20 years.( )9.He told me that he had read the book twice.( )10.The boy has been reading a book for almost two hours. ( )11. He told me that he would take an important exam the next week. ( )我的疑惑：_______________________________________ _________________我的收获：_____________________________________ _______________第二部分：探究案探究一：1) 观察下面两组句子，理解它们的语法形式和语意。

Scene 1 (A girl complained to the boy who hurried up near to her breathlessly.)G: I have been waiting here for ages.B: I have been hurrying here all the wayScene 2 (You plan to play basketball with friends, but the rain is on and on.)Y: It has been raining all the morning2) 从38页课文中找出使用现在完成进行时的句子并理解其意义。

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________2. 用法归纳现在完成进行时的基本表达式_______ ______现在完成进行时表达的意义（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到_______的动作，并且还将持续下去。

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。

（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。

（动作还将继续下去）（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在____________的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)3）注意事项（1) 不能用现在进行时的动词，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，也不能用现在完成进行时时态构成（以do为例）语态时间状语一般现在时do/does am/is/are+done sometimes,every day, always, often, on Sundays, usually, never一般过去时did was/were done yesterday, last week, three years ago, theother day, in 1990现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done look, now, at present,at this moment,these days过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done then, at this/ that time+过去时间, at...o’clock+过去时间, those days一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done next week, tomorrow, before long, in the future, next week/month/year过去将来时would/should do would/should be done the next day/year/month现在完成时have/has done have/has been done Lately, recently, so far, yet, by now, up to now, since then, in the last/ past few days/years ,since+时间点，for+时间段过去完成时had done had been done by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012, before 1999,现在完成进行时have/has beendoing_________all this morning, these few days, allnight, this month, recently将来进行时will be doing _________ at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from...to...tomorrow里，而应用现在完成时。

例如：The poor child has been ill for a long time.译：___________________________________Have you seen her parents these days?译：______________________________________探究二：现在完成进行时与现在进行时比较：现在完成进行时强调某动作从过去一直延续到现在；而现在进行时只指目前正发生的动作。

试比较：Susan has been reading that storybook since last night.译：_________________ _ _______Susan is reading a storybook now.译：___________________________________ _______（3) 现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较：１）有些动词(如：work, study, live, teach等)用现在完成进行时与现在完成时意思差不多。

试比较：The teacher has been teaching at this school for ten years.The teacher has taught at this school for ten years.２）英语中的多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同的含义。

现在完成时如果不带表示一段时间的状语，就只能表示动作的完成，而现在完成进行时则表示动作的延续。

试比较：They have built a new lab.他们建了一座新实验室。

(表示动作的完成)They have been building a new lab (these years).这些年他们一直在建一座新实验室。

(表示动作还在继续)探究三：例句呈现：1.I have taught in the school since 1989.2.I taught in the school in 1989.3.I wrote a letter just now.4.I have written a letter.同学们你能根据例句总结现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别吗？(学法指导：从重复性、持续性、感情色彩、时间状语等方面分析)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三部分：训练案一：用所给动词的正确形式完成下列句子1. A: --- I am sorry I _________ (keep) you waiting so long.B: --- It is all right. I ________________ (read) the newspapers.2. The CCTV ____________________ (broadcast) English programmers ever since 1977.3.You _______ (feel) better when you __________ (take) the medicine.4. She said we __________ (may keep) the book as long as we _____ (like).5. Please wake me up if I ___ still _______ (sleep) when you _____ (come).6. My sister _______ (learn) English since she ____ (be) a child. She ___ (speak) English fluently now.7. My uncle ________ (come) to see us. He _______ (arrive) here a few days ago. I _________ (start) for Sydney tomorrow morning.8. He _____ (break) his glasses when he ___________ (play) in a football match.二：下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。