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2019年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考化学一模考试试卷(解析版)

2019年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考化学一模考试试卷(解析版)

2019年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考化学一模试卷一、选择题(1-27小题,每小题2分,共54分,每小题只有一个正确选项.)1.材料改变了世界,材料充满生活,下列图片是生活中一些物品,其主体用到的材料属于合成材料的是()A.水龙头B.玻璃碗C.电源插座外壳D.不粘锅2.下列物质的用途正确的是()A.用炭黑制铅笔芯B.用氢氧化钠溶液制叶脉书签C.一氧化碳用于炼钢D.用石灰石做墙体内饰材料3.规范的实验操作可以避免产生危险和错误结论等,下列实验操作或图形规范的是()A.稀释浓硫酸B.收集二氧化碳气体C.测定空气中氧气的含量D.铁丝在氧气中燃烧4.下列做法正确的是()A.如果发现火险或遇火灾,应立即拨打119火警电话B.在自行车链条上镀铬,防止自行车链条生锈C.当燃气灶火焰呈现黄色,锅底出现黑色时,调节进风口,使进风量增大D.为防止大米霉变,应将大米保存在密封干燥处5.下列过程中不发生化学变化的是()A.给硫酸钠溶液通直流电B.浓硫酸在纸上写字C.自制汽水D.用大烧杯罩上两个小烧杯6.下列应用和相应的原理(用化学方程式表示)及基本反应类型都正确的是()A.用木炭还原氧化铜制取铜:CuO+C Cu+CO2 置换反应B.服用含氢氧化铝的药物治疗酸过多症:2Al(OH)3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O 复分解反应C.煅烧石灰石制生石灰:CaCO3CaO+CO2↑分解反应D.用铁丝测定空气中氧气含量:3Fe+2O2Fe3O4化合反应7.下列关干能源与资源的说法正确的是()A.正在利用和开发的能源有氢能、太阳能、风能、地热能、潮汐能、核能和可燃冰等B.目前,世界上已有50%以上的铁和90%以上的金得到了回收利用C.空气是宝贵的自然资源,其中稀有气体约占总体积的0.03%D.地球上的生物种类千差万别,但体内水的质量分数一般都在70%以上8.维生素C,可能是我们平时最熟悉的维生素,当我们出现口腔溃疡的时候,可能就是由于缺少它引起的。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区2024科目一模拟考试100题推荐及答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区2024科目一模拟考试100题推荐及答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区2024科目一模拟考试100题推荐及答案1、这一组交通警察手势是什么信号?A、靠边停车信号B、减速慢行信号C、停止信号D、右转弯信号正确答案:D分析:交警的面部对着哪个方向就是在指挥哪个方向的车,注意其右手,明显的往我们的右方摆动,施主你就牢记吧2、夜间驾驶机动车在没有中心隔离设施或者没有中心线的道路上行驶,以下哪种情况下应当改用近光灯?A、接近没有交通信号灯控制的交叉路口时B、与对向机动车会车时C、接近人行横道时D、城市道路照明条件不良时正确答案:B分析:记住,只有在没有路灯或者没有照明的情况下才能用远光灯,一般都用近光灯。

窄路窄桥,你若用远光灯,会让对方完全看不清,掉到桥下去的。

夜间驾驶机动车遇到对向来车未关闭远光灯时,变换使用远近光灯提示。

3、这属于哪一类标志?A、警告标志B、指路标志C、指示标志D、禁令标志正确答案:A分析:黄色就代表警告,不用想4、持有小型汽车驾驶证的驾驶人,驾驶摩托车上路行驶的,一次记9分。

A、正确B、错误正确答案:A分析:《道路交通安全违法行为记分管理办法》规定,机动车驾驶人有下列交通违法行为之一,一次记9分:(一)驾驶7座以上载客汽车载人超过核定人数百分之五十以上未达到百分之百的;(二)驾驶校车、中型以上载客载货汽车、危险物品运输车辆在高速公路、城市快速路以外的道路上行驶超过规定时速百分之五十以上的;(三)驾驶机动车在高速公路或者城市快速路上违法停车的;(四)驾驶未悬挂机动车号牌或者故意遮挡、污损机动车号牌的机动车上道路行驶的;(五)驾驶与准驾车型不符的机动车的;(六)未取得校车驾驶资格驾驶校车的;(七)连续驾驶中型以上载客汽车、危险物品运输车辆超过4小时未停车休息或者停车休息时间少于20分钟的。

5、补发、换发号牌期间,申请人可以申领有效期不超过多少日的临时行驶车号牌?A、五日B、十五日C、三日D、十日正确答案:B分析:《机动车登记规定》规定:机动车号牌灭失、丢失或者损毁的,机动车所有人应当向登记地车辆管理所申请补领、换领。

2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考数学一模试题及答案解析

2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考数学一模试题及答案解析

2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共30.0分。

在每小题列出的选项中,选出符合题目的一项)1. −9的绝对值是( )A. 9B. −9C. 19D. −192. 下列运算正确的是( )A. 7a3−3a2=4aB. (a2)3=a5C. a6÷a2=a3D. a(a−1)=a2−a3. 如图四个图形中,是中心对称图形的是( )A. B. C. D.4. 如图所示的几何体的主视图是( )A.B.C.D.5. 方程1x =23x−3的解是( )A. x=−2B. x=−1C. x=1D. x=36. 在平面直角坐标系中,将二次函数y=x2的图象向左平移2个单位长度,再向上平移1个单位长度所得抛物线对应的函数表达式为( )A. y=(x−2)2+1B. y=(x+2)2+1C. y=(x+2)2−1D. y=(x−2)2−17. 如图将周长为9cm的△ABC沿BC边向右平移3cm,得到△DEF,连接AD,则四边形ABFD 的周长为cm.( )A. 17B. 15C. 13D. 128. 如图,PA,PB是⊙O的切线,A,B是切点,若∠P=70°,则∠ABO=( )A. 30°B. 35°C. 45°D. 55°9. 一个不透明的袋子中装有5个小球,其中3个白球,2个黑球,这些小球除颜色外无其它差别,从袋子中随机摸出一个小球.则摸出的小球是白球的概率为( )A. 310B. 25C. 35D. 2310. 如图,点D,E,F分别在△ABC的边AB,AC,BC上,连接DE,EF,AF,AF交DE于点G,四边形BFED为平行四边形,则下列式子一定正确的是( )A. ADBD =DECFB. AEAC=BCDEC. ADAE=DGEGD. AGFG=DEBC二、填空题(本大题共10小题,共30.0分)11. 2021年5月15日07时18分,我国首个火星探测器“天问一号“经过470000000公里旅程成功着陆在火星上.从此,火星上留下中国的脚印,同时也为我国的宇宙探测之路迈出重要一步.将470000000用科学记数法表示为______.12. 函数y=xx−2中自变量x的取值范围是______.13. 计算√18−4√12的结果是______.14. 把多项式ax2−4a分解因式的结果是______.15. 抛物线y=−(x+1)2+6的顶点坐标是______.16. 不等式组{2x −6<05x ≥8+x的整数解为______. 17. 75°的圆心角所对的弧长是53πcm ,则此弧所在圆的半径是______cm .18. 已知⊙O 的半径是7,AB 是⊙O 的弦,且AB 的长为7√3,则弦AB 所对的圆周角的度数为______.19. 如图,在同一平面直角坐标系中,直线y =t(t 为常数)与反比例函数y 1=5x ,y 2=−1x 的图象分别交于点A ,B ,点O 为坐标原点,连接OA ,OB ,则△OAB 的面积为______.20. 如图,点E 在正方形ABCD 的对角线BD 上,点F 在CB 的延长线上,连接AF ,CE ,EF ,且CE =EF.若AF =10,BE =√2,则线段AD 的长为______.三、解答题(本大题共7小题,共60.0分。

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区萧红中学校中考一模数学试题(含答案)

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区萧红中学校中考一模数学试题(含答案)

2024萧红九年级上数学校一模试题0328(三月考)一、选择题(每小题3分.共30分)1.下列实数中,是无理数是()A.B.3.14CD2.下列计算中,正确的是()A.B.C.D.3.下面四个图形分别是节能、节水、低碳和绿色食品标志,在这四个标志中,是轴对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.4.点在反比例函数的图象上,若,则此函数图象位于()A.第一、三象限B.第二、四象限C.第一、二象限D.第二、三象限5.一个不透明的口袋中,装有红球6个,白球9个,黑球3个,这些球除颜色不同外没有任何区别,现从中任意摸出一个球,恰好是白球的概率为()A.B.C.D.6.在中,,则的值是()A.4B.5C.8D.107.要得到抛物线,可以将抛物线().A.向左平移4个单位长度,再向上平移1个单位长度B.向左平移4个单位长度,再向下平移1个单位长度C.向右平移4个单位长度,再向上平移1个单位长度D.向右平移4个单位长度,再向下平移1个单位长度8.如图,点在的边上,若,则下列比例式中错误的是()253(2)1-=122-=-326a a a⋅=22(12)14a a-=-()()1122,,P x y Q x y、kyx=12120,x x y y<<<12131516 Rt ABC△390,6,sin5C BC A∠=︒==AB22(4)1y x=--22y x=D E F、、ABC△,DE BC EF AB∥∥A.B.C.D.9.如图,是由绕点顺时针旋转后得到的图形,若点恰好落在上,且的度数为,则的度数是()A.B.C.D.10.如图,中,.点是斜边上一点.过点作,垂足为,交边(或边)于点.设的面积为,则与之间的函数图象大致是()A.B.C.AD AEAB AC=CE CACF CB=DE ADBC BD=EF CFAB CB= ODC△OAB△O30︒D AB AOC∠100︒DOB∠34︒36︒38︒40︒ABC△90,30,16ACB A AB∠=︒∠=︒=P AB P PQ AB⊥P AC CB Q,AP x APQ=△y y xD .二、填空题(每小题3分,共计30分)11.将8240000000用科学记数法可表示为___________.12.函数中,自变量的取值范围是___________.1314.因式分解:___________.15.不等式组的解集是___________.16.已知扇形的圆心角为,扇形的面积为,则扇形的弧长为___________.17.如图,我们把一个半圆与抛物线的一部分围成的封闭图形称为“果圆”.已知点分别是“果圆”与坐标轴的交点,抛物线的解析式为为半圆的直径,则这个“果圆”被轴截得的弦的长为___________.18.阅读材料:若满足,求的值.解:设,则所以请仿照上例解决下面问题:若满足,则的值是___________.21xy x =-x +=329a ab -=2132432x xx x +⎧>⎪⎨⎪≤+⎩120︒27πA B C D 、、、223,y x x AB =--y CD x ()()643x x --=22(6)(4)x x -+-()()6,4x a x b -=-=()()()()643,642x x ab a b x x --==+=-+-=222222(6)(4)()22232x x a b a b ab -+-=+=+-=-⨯=-x ()()20105x x --=-22(20)(10)x x -+-19.在矩形中,点在直线上,,若,则点到直线的距离为___________.20.如图,在中,,点在上,,则___________三、解答题(21、22题各7分,23、24题各8分,25-27题各10分,共计60分)21.先化简,再求值:,其中.22.如图,在每个小正方形的边长均为1的方格纸中有线段和,其中点均在小正方形的顶点上.(1)在方格纸中画出钝角等腰三角形,点在小正方形的顶点上,且的面积为10;(2)在方格纸中画出等腰直角三角形,点在小正方形的顶点上,且的面积为10,连接,请直接写出线段长.23.萧红中学为开拓学生视野,开展“课外读书周”活动,活动后期随机调查了九年级部分学生一周的课外阅读时间,并将结果绘制成两幅不完整的统计图,请你根据统计图的信息回答下列问题:(1)本次调查的学生总数为人,被调查学生的课外阅读时间的众数是小时;(2)请直接补全条形统计图;(3)若九年级共有学生700人,估计九年级一周课外阅读时间为6小时的学生有多少人?ABCD E BC 2BE CE =2,3AB AD ==A DE ABC △60,11ABC AC ∠=︒=D AC 8,AD DBA A =∠=∠AB =2122121a a a a a a +-÷+--+6tan 602a =︒-AB CD A B C D 、、、ABE E ABE △CDF F CDF △EF EF24.如图所示,甲楼在乙楼的西面,它们的设计高度是若干层,每层高均为,冬天太阳光与水平面的夹角为.(1)若要求甲楼和乙楼的设计高度均为6层,且冬天甲楼的影子不能落在乙楼上,那么建筑时两楼之间的距离至少为多少米?(结果保留根号)(2)由于受空间的限制,甲楼和乙楼的距离,若仍要求冬天甲楼的影子不能落在乙楼上,那么设计甲楼时,最高可建___________层.)25.某商场购进甲、乙两种商品,若购进甲种商品1件,乙种商品2件,共需170元;若购进甲种商品2件,乙种商品1件,共需295元.(1)购进甲、乙两种商品每件各需要多少元?(2)商场决定购进甲、乙两种商品若干件,购进甲种商品比购进乙种商品多用45元,且购进两种商品的总资金不超过8355元,则最多购进甲种商品多少件?26.如图,是的直径,弦,垂足是,连接.图1 图2 图3(1)如图1,求证:;(2)如图2,点在直径上,连接并延长交于点,连接,求证:;(3)如图3,在(2)的条件下,是弧上的点,连接交于,连接交分别于,若,求直径的长27.如图,抛物线交轴于两点,交轴于点,在第三象限内的抛物线上,连交轴于时,3m 30︒BD 21m BD = 1.732≈CD 0 AB CD ⊥H AD BD 、AD BD =E CD AE 0 F ,DF DE DF =2CDF ADC ∠=∠M BC AM CD N DM AB AF 、G P 、12,,32AMD MAB tan MAB OH ∠=∠∠==CD ()()122y x m x =+-x A B 、y C D ,CD BD BD 、y ,F CD AB ∥ 1.5DF BF=图1 图2 图3(1)如图1,求该抛物线的解析式;(2)如图2,是抛物线第三象限一个动点,过作轴的垂线,垂足为,连接交轴于点,设点横坐标为的面积为,求与之间的函数关系式(不要求写自变量的取值范围);(3)在(2)的条件下,如图3,点在线段上,且,求点坐标及相应的值.P P y H PB y E P ,t CPE △S S t t M PH 2,:3:5OCM PBO HE CM ∠=∠=P S2024萧红九年级下数学校一模0328(三月考)参考答案一、选择题1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D .二、填空11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18.110 1920.三、解答题21、原式22、23.解:(1)本次调查的学生总数为50人,被调查学生的课外阅读时间的众数是5小时;(2)如图所示:(3)课外阅读6小时的人数是4人,(人),答:九年级一周课外阅读时间为6小时的学生大约有56人24.(1)米.(2)4层,提示:设甲楼应建层则.25.(1)甲140;乙15 (2)30件26.26题答案98.2410⨯1x ≠()()33a a b a b +-22x -<≤16.6π3+88712a ==+ 47005650∴⨯=x 321tan30x︒≤1507CD =(1)证明:是的直径,(2)设由(1)知弧弧 图2(3)连接导角可证可推导作直径,连接可证连接CD O AB CD⊥AH BH ∴=AD BD∴=ADC α∠=90,90AB CD AHD DAH α⊥∴=︒∠=︒- 90AD BD B DAH α=∴∠=∠=︒-AD =90AD B F α∴∠=∠=︒-90DE DF DEF F α=∴∠=∠=︒-()1801802902CDF DEF F a α∴∠=︒-∠-∠=︒-︒-=2CDF ADC∴∠=∠1,2,tan 2AC AMD MAB MAB ∠=∠∠=,,AE EN AC AE CH EH===1tan 2MAB ∠=4tan 3AEH ∠=AQ OA OF BD BQ BF FQ 、、、、、2236DF BQ OH ===⨯=OA图3中勾股可求27.(1)(2)(2),.一:暴力算27.Rt AHO △1507CD =213522y x x =+-212S t =()4,3P --8S ∴=()323,2k t k d kd t k t t-+==-+--22222222229(2)(3)25,9k (2)(3)25()k k t k t k k t k t t ktt -++=⇒-++⋅=-()()22222229449625k k kt t k kt t t kt -++++=4322223422363699625k k t k t k t kt t k t -++++=4322343636760k k t k t kt t --++=432233467426360t kt k t k t k t +--++=()()()423676660t t k k t k k t k +-+++=()()()323676060t k t k k t k +-+=∴+=解得222(2)(3)(5)t k t k k =--+-6t k=-1tan 2α=()0,1E -51,4,8t t S +==-=(),3P t --。

最新年哈尔滨中考南岗区一模阅读及答案资料

最新年哈尔滨中考南岗区一模阅读及答案资料

阅读《丹麦人的低碳生活》,回答11—14题到丹麦考察,最让我难忘的是哥本哈根人的低碳生活。

哥本哈根电力供应大部分依靠零碳模式,推行风能和生物质能发电,随处可见通体白色的现代风车,有世界上最大的海上风力发电厂。

家家户户都使用节能灯,晚间通往郊外的路没有一盏路灯。

推行高税能源使用政策,一千瓦时电的由三部分组成:能源市场价格、运送费用以及税收,其中税收占比高达57%。

如果不采取节能方式,就得付出高昂的费用。

2008年,哥本哈根被英国生活杂志Monocle选为世界20 个最佳城市之一。

哥本哈根计划到2025 年成为世界上一座碳中性城市,使二氧化碳排放量降低到零。

在哥本哈根,“低碳生活”体现在生活的方方面面,渗透进市民的骨髓:许多人把电子钟更换成发条闹钟,使用传统牙刷代替电动牙刷;坚持户外锻炼;洗涤衣服让其自然晾干,少用洗衣机甩干;减少空调对室内温度的控制。

在哥本哈根街头不时会看到这样的广告:今天你是用手洗衣服的吗?充电器不用时拔下插头每年能节约30 克朗,用多少热水就烧多少每年能节约25 克朗,使用一盏节能灯每年能省60 克朗。

时下,低碳经济和低碳生活已成为拯救地球、延续文明的热门话题。

像哥本哈根这样的低碳城市是可持续发展的必然选择,这种可持续发展模式,值得大力推广。

11.“丹麦人的低碳生活”表现在哪两大方面?(2分)12.纵观全文,你认为哥本哈根之所以能够有这样好的环保效果,其原因是什么?(3分)13.指出下列语句所使用的说明方法。

(2分)(1)能源市场价格、运送费用以及税收,其中税收占比高达57%。

如果不采取节能方式,就得付出高昂的费用。

()(2)许多人把电子钟更换成发条闹钟,使用传统牙刷代替电动牙刷;()14. 哥本哈根市民的“低碳生活”会带给我们很多启示。

你还能想到哪些“低碳生活”的具体做法?(2分)我的计策一:我的计策二:参考答案:11.使用风力发电等清洁能源;生活节能,减少碳排放量。

12.政府的政策推进;社会的大力宣传;全体市民注人骨髓的环保意识和实际行动。

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区虹桥中学中考数学一模试卷+答案解析

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区虹桥中学中考数学一模试卷+答案解析

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区虹桥中学中考数学一模试卷一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.实数的相反数是()A. B. C.3 D.2.下列计算结果正确的是()A. B. C. D.3.如图,一些大小相同的小正方体组成的一个几何体,其左视图是()A.B.C.D.4.反比例函数的图象经过点,若点在反比例函数的图象上,则n等于()A.10B.5C.2D.15.如图,是一张长方形纸片其中,点E,F分别在边AB,AD上.把这张长方形纸片沿着EF折叠,点A落在点G处,EG交CD于点若,则的度数为()A.B.C.D.6.把抛物线向左平移1个单位,然后向上平移3个单位,则平移后抛物线的解析式为()A. B.C. D.7.甲、乙两人加工某种机器零件,已知每小时甲比乙少加工6个这种零件,甲加工240个这种零件所用的时间与乙加工300个这种零件所用的时间相等,设甲每小时加工x个零件,所列方程正确的是()A. B. C. D.8.如图,是的外接圆,半径为2cm,若,则的度数为() A.B.C.D.9.小王利用计算机设计了一个计算程序,输入和输出的数据如表:输入…12345…输出……那么,当输入数据为8时,输出的数据为()A. B. C. D.10.甲、乙两辆摩托车同时从相距20km的A,B两地出发,相向而行.图中,分别表示甲、乙两辆摩托车到A地的距离与行驶时间的函数关系.则下列说法错误的是()A.乙摩托车的速度较快B.经过小时甲摩托车行驶到A,B两地的中点C.经过小时两摩托车相遇D.当乙摩托车到达A地时,甲摩托车距离A地二、填空题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

11.2017年5月18日,我国在南海北部神弧海域进行的可燃冰试开采成功,标志着我国成为全球第一个在海域可燃冰开采中获得连续稳定的国家.目前每日的天然气试开采量约为16000立方米,把16000立方米用科学记数法表示为______立方米.12.使在实数范围内有意义的x的取值范围是______.13.因式分解:______.14.不等式组的最小整数解为______.15.如图,边长为2的正方形ABCD中心与半径为2的的圆心重合,E、F分别是AD、BA的延长线与的交点,则图中阴影部分的面积是______结果保留16.如图,在中,已知,,垂足为D,若E是AD的中点,则______.17.在中考体育达标跳绳项目测试中,1分钟跳绳160次为达标,小敏记录了他预测时1分钟跳的次数分别为145,155,140,162,164,则他在该次测试中达标的概率是______.18.如图,已知是一个锐角,以点O为圆心,任意长为半径画弧,分别交OM、ON于点A、B,再分别以点A、B为圆心,大于长为半径画弧,两弧交于点C,画射线过点A作,交射线OC于点D,过点D作,交ON于点设,,则______.19.等腰内接于,若半径为10cm,底边长为12cm,则这个等腰三角形的腰长______20.如图,在四边形ABCD中,,AC、BD相交于点E,,且,若,,则CD边的长为______.三、解答题:本题共7小题,共60分。

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考数学一模试卷(含解析)

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考数学一模试卷(含解析)

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列实数中,最大的数是( )A. −1B. 0C. 1D. 22.下列运算正确的是( )A. a2+a3=a5B. a2⋅a3=a5C. a2÷a3=a5D. (a2)3=a53.我国古代数学的许多创新与发明都曾在世界上有重要影响.下列图形“杨辉三角”“中国七巧板”“刘微割圆术”“赵爽弦图”中,中心对称图形是( )A. B. C. D.4.如图是一个立体图形的三视图,该立体图形是( )A. 三棱柱B. 圆柱C. 三棱锥D. 圆锥5.在反比例函数y=4−kx的图象上有两点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),当x1<0<x2时,有y1<y2,则k的取值范围是( )A. k<0B. k>0C. k<4D. k>46.方程5x+1−1x−1=0的解为( )A. x=12B. x=1 C. x=32D. x=27.某2020年人均可支收入为2.36万元,2022年达到2.7万元,若2020年至2022年间每年人均可支配收入的增长率都为x,则下面所列方程正确的是( )A. 2.7(1+x)2=2.36B. 2.36(1+x)2=2.7C. 2.7(1−x)2=2.36D. 2.36(1−x)2=2.78.爬坡时坡面与水平面夹角为α,则每爬1m耗能(1.025−cosα)J,若某人爬了1000m,该坡角为30°,则他耗能(参考数据:3≈1.732,2≈1.414)( )A. 58JB. 159JC. 1025JD. 1732J9.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=70°,△ABC的内切圆⊙O与AB,BC分别相切于点D,E,连接DE,AO的延长线交DE于点F,则∠AFD的大小是( )A. 35°B. 40°C. 45°D. 50°10.甲乙两地相距a千米,小亮8:00乘慢车从甲地去乙地,10分钟后小莹乘快车从乙地赶往甲地.两人分别距甲地的距离y(千米)与两人行驶时刻t(×时×分)的函数图象如图所示,则小亮与小莹相遇的时刻为( )A. 8:28B. 8:30C. 8:32D. 8:35二、填空题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考物理模拟试卷一模物理试题(含答案)

2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考物理模拟试卷一模物理试题(含答案)

2024年南岗区九年级下学期复习情况调研(一)一、选择题(1- 15题为单项选择题,每小题只有一个正确答案,每小题2分;26—27题为双项选择题,共24分)1. 物理学是认识世界、改变世界的科学,它推动着人类社会的不断进步和发展。

历史上许多重大科学发现源于科学家的不懈探索,关于科学家与其重要发现对应正确的是( )A.欧姆——电功率与电流、电压的关系B.奥斯特——电流的热效应C.法拉第——电磁感应现象D.焦耳——电流的磁效应2. 下列测量工具读数正确的是( )刻度尺温度计天平的标尺量筒A.物体的长度:2.70cmB.温度计的示数:34℃C.游码在标尺上的读数:4.4gD.量筒中水的体积:25mL3. 2023年5月28日,国产大型客机C919圆满完成首次商业飞行。

若认为客机在飞行过程中是静止的,则所选的参照物是( )A.地面B.驾驶舱内的机长C.窗外的云朵D.太阳4. “双减”后,校园更加活跃,如图是学生课后乐器表演的场景。

下列关于声现象说法正确的是( )A.琴声是由空气振动产生的B.弹琵琶时改变手指按压弦的位置,是为了改变声音的音调C. 同学们的掌声越大,掌声在空气中传播的速度就越快D.优美的音乐一定不属于噪声5. 下列现象能说明光沿直线传播的是( )A.天边彩虹B.海市蜃楼C.铅笔“折断”D.小孔成像6. 下列物态变化中,属于熔化现象的是( )A.壶口“白气”B.浓雾消散C.冰雕变小D.冰雪消融7. 如图,某小组“探究水沸腾时温度变化的特点”的实验装置,下列分析不正确的是( )A.在实验时按照由下到上的顺序组装实验器材B.水沸腾时,水中上升的气泡由小变大C.烧杯上方冒出的“白气”是水汽化形成的D.水沸腾时温度不变,需要吸热8. 智能锁正逐步走进千家万户。

如图所示为某款智能锁,它支持密码与指纹两种认证方式开门,密码正确相当于开关S1 闭合,指纹正确相当于开关S2 闭合,开门由电动机完成。

下列符合该智能锁电路设计的是( )9. 电给人类带来了便利,但使用不当也会造成危害。

2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考一模数学试题(含答案解析)

2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考一模数学试题(含答案解析)

2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考一模数学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________.....下列几何体中,主视图与俯视图的形状不一样的几何体是().....分式方程3144x x -+-的解为().1x =.2x =3x =5x =.已知抛物线)=+2y 21,下列结论错误的是().抛物线开口向上.抛物线的对称轴为直线3x =.当3x <时,的增大而增大若20B ∠=的度数是(A.6cm10.甲、乙两位同学放学后走路回家,之间的函数关系如图所示.根据图中信息,下列说法错误的是(A.前10分钟,甲比乙的速度慢B.从甲,乙两位同学放学后走路回家开始,经过C.甲的平均速度为0.08千米/分钟D.从甲、乙两位同学放学后走路回家开始,经过二、填空题11.体现我国先进核电技术的“华龙一号”,年发电能力相当于减少二氧化碳排放=;(1)在图1中,连接MA,MB,使MA MB==(2)在图2中,连接MA,MB,MC,使MA MB MC23.某中学计划在劳动技术课中增设剪纸.陶艺、厨艺、刺绣、养殖等五类选择性能课程”,加大培养学生的劳动习惯和实践操作能力,为了解学生选择各意向,从全校随机抽取了部分学生进行问卷调查,将调查结果整理并绘制如下不完整统计图表:样本中选择各技能课程的人数统计表技能课程人数A:剪纸B:陶艺C:厨艺50D:刺绣20E:养殖请根据上述统计数据解决下列问题:(1)求所抽取样本的样本容量;(2)求扇形统计图中m 的值;(3)若该校有3000名学生,请你估计全校有意向选择“养殖”技能课程的人数.24.如图,在ABCD Y 中,连接BD ,点E 为线段AD 的中点,连接BE 并延长与CD 的延长线交于点F ,连接AF ,90BDF ∠=︒.(1)求证:四边形ABDF 是矩形;(2)在不添加任何辅助线的情况下,请直接写出图中的四个等腰三角形(ABE 除外)25.为推进“书香社区”建设,某社区计划购进一批图书.已知购买2本科技类图书和3本文学类图书需156元,购买4本科技类图书和5本文学类图书需284元.(1)每本科技类图书与每本文学类图书的价格分别为多少元?(2)社区计划购进科技类图书和文学类图书共60本,且总费用不超过2000元,那么最多购进科技类图书多少本?26.已知:ABC 内接于O ,弦CD 平分ACB ∠.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)连接AC ,点D 是线段AC 上的一个动点,过点D 作DE x ⊥轴于点截取BF DE =,过点F 作FG x ⊥轴,交抛物线于点G ,设点D 的横坐标为纵坐标为d ,求d 与t 之间的函数解析式(不要求写出自变量t 的取值范围)(3)在(2)的条件下,点H 是AD 的中点,连接EH ,FH ,CG ,过点交线段FH 于点K ,连接GK ,若FK CD =,求tan CGK ∠的值.参考答案:1.B【分析】在数轴上,表示一个数的点到原点的距离叫做这个数的绝对值.【详解】负数的绝对值等于它的相反数,所以-6的绝对值是6.故选:B .2.C【分析】根据同底数幂的乘法、积的乘方与幂的乘方、合并同类项运算法则逐项计算判断即可.【详解】解:A 、64422m m m m +=⋅=,原计算错误,不符合题意;B 、()326m m -=-,原计算错误,不符合题意;C 、()236m m -=,原计算正确,符合题意;D 、6mn 和5n 不是同类项,不能合并,原计算错误,不符合题意,故选:C .【点睛】本题考查了同底数幂的乘法、积的乘方与幂的乘方、合并同类项,熟练掌握运算法则是解答的关键.3.B【分析】根据中心对称图形与轴对称图形的概念,进行判断即可.把一个图形绕某一点旋转180︒,如果旋转后的图形能够与原来的图形重合,那么这个图形就叫做中心对称图形;如果一个图形沿一条直线折叠,直线两旁的部分能够互相重合,这个图形叫做轴对称图形.【详解】解:A .是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故A 选项不符合题意;B .是轴对称图形,也是中心对称图形,故B 选项符合题意;C .既不是轴对称图形,也不是中心对称图形,故C 选项不符合题意;D .是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故D 选项不符合题意;故选:B .【点睛】本题考查了中心对称图形与轴对称图形的概念,轴对称图形的关键是寻找对称轴,图形两部分折叠后可重合,中心对称图形是要寻找对称中心,旋转180︒后与原图重合.4.C【分析】根据各个几何体的主视图和左视图进行判定即可.【详解】解:A .正方体的主视图与俯视图都是正方形,故该选项不符合题意;B .圆柱的主视图与俯视图都是长方形,故该选项不符合题意;C .圆锥的主视图是等腰三角形,俯视图是圆,故该选项符合题意;D .球的主视图与俯视图都是圆,故该选项不符合题意;故选:C .【点睛】本题考查简单几何体的三视图,掌握各种几何体的三视图的形状是正确判断的关键.5.C【分析】根据分式方程的解法步骤求解即可.【详解】解:去分母,得314x x --=-移项、合并同类项,得26x -=-化系数为1,得3x =,检验:当3x =时,40x -≠,∴原方程的解为:3x =,故选:C .【点睛】本题考查解分式方程,熟练掌握分式方程的解法步骤是解答的关键,注意计算结果要检验.6.D【分析】由抛物线的顶点式逐项判断即可.【详解】解:由抛物线()=-+2y 2x 31可知:20a =>,则抛物线开口向上;抛物线的对称轴为直线3x =,抛物线的顶点坐标为()3,1;当3x <时,y 随x 的增大而减小.∴当3x <时,y 随x 的增大而增大是错误的.故选:D【点睛】此题考查了二次函数的图象和性质,熟练掌握抛物线的顶点式是解题的关键.7.A【分析】首先连接CD ,由AD 是O 的直径,根据直径所对的圆周角是直角,可求得=90ACD ∠︒,又由圆周角定理可得20B CDA ∠=∠=︒,然后根据三角形内角和定理求得答案即可.【详解】解:连接CD ,如下图,共有12种等可能的结果数,其中恰好选中甲、乙两位选手的有②如图连接AC ,作CF AB ⊥∵菱形ABCD 中,=60B ∠︒,∴ABC 是等边三角形,∴122BF AB ==,∴2212CF BC BF =-=,∴在Rt CBF 中,2EF CE =故答案为:21或37.【点睛】本题考查了菱形的性质,∵E为CD中点,=,∴DE CE∵2==,DE DF(2)如图2正确画图.【点睛】本题主要考查尺规作图,熟练根据题意作出符合题意的图形是解题的关键.23.(1)200(2)20(3)估计全校有意向选择“养殖”技能课程的人数为600人【分析】(1)用厨艺的人数除以所占百分比即可得;(2)用刺绣的人数除以样本容量即可得刺绣所占的百分比,根据35%10%25%10%%100%m ++++=,即可得;(3)用全校人数乘养殖所占的百分比即可得.【详解】(1)解:5025=200÷%,答:所抽取样本的样本容量为200.(2)解:20200=10÷%,根据题意得,35%10%25%10%%100%m ++++=,解得20m =,答:扇形统计图中m 的值为20.(3)解:300020=600⨯%(人),答:估计全校有意向选择“养殖”技能课程的人数为600人.【点睛】本题考查了条形统计图和扇形统计图,解题的关键是掌握条形统计图和扇形统计图,样本容量,由样本百分比估计总体的数量.24.(1)见解析(2)BDE ,AEF △,DEF ,BCF△【分析】(1)由平行四边形的性质及中点的条件,易证ABE DFE ≌△△,从而可得四边形ABDF 是平行四边形,再由90BDF ∠=︒则可得四边形ABDF 是矩形;(2)由矩形的性质即可得到BDE ,AEF △,DEF 均是等腰三角形,再由DE 是中位线,则可得BCF △也是等腰三角形.【详解】(1)证明:∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,∴AB CD ∥.∴ABE DFE ∠=∠,BAE FDE∠=∠∵点E 是AD 的中点,∴AE DE =,∴ABE DFE ≌△△.∴BE FE =,∴四边形ABDF 是平行四边形.又∵90BDF ∠=︒,∴四边形ABDF 是矩形.(2)∵四边形ABDF 是矩形,∴EA EB EF ED ===,则BDE ,AEF △,DEF 都为等腰三角形.∵AB CD DF ==,即点D 是CF 的中点,∴DE 是中位线,∴DE BC ∥,∴FDE C ∠=∠,∵EF ED =,∴EFD FDE ∠=∠,∴EFD C∠=∠∴BCF △也是等腰三角形.即BDE ,AEF △,DEF ,BCF △是等腰三角形.【点睛】本题考查了平行四边形的性质与判定,矩形的判定与性质,等腰三角形的判定,全等三角形的判定与性质,三角形中位线定理等知识,证明三角形全等是解题的关键.25.(1)每本科技类图书的价格为36元,每本文学类图书的价格为28元(2)40本【分析】(1)设每本科技类图书与每本文学类图书的价格分别为x 元,y 元,根据题意列出二元一次方程组,求解即可获得答案;(2)设购进科技类图书m 本,根据题意列出一元一次不等式,求解即可获得答案.【详解】(1)解:设每本科技类图书与每本文学类图书的价格分别为x 元,y 元,根据题意,可得2315645284x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩,解得3628x y =⎧⎨=⎩.在ACE △和CGF △中,∵90AE CF AEC CFG CE FG =⎧⎪∠=∠=︒⎨⎪=⎩,∴()SAS ACE CGF ≌,∴AC CG CAE GCF =∠=∠,∵ACG ACE GCF ∠=∠+∠=∴DCG ACG ACD ∠=∠-∠=∵180CDG CFD ∠=︒-∠-∠∴CDG DCG ∠=∠,∴CG DG =,∵AC CG =,DG FG DF =+∴AC CE DF =+;②解:设DF a =,则CG DG =在Rt CDF △中,由勾股定理得在Rt CGF △中,由勾股定理得∴2222CD DF CG FG -=-,即解得8a =,13a =-(舍去)∴8DF =,AC CG DG ===如图2,过D 作DH AC ⊥于∵ AD BD=,∴AD BD=∵弦CD 平分ACB ∠,∴8DH DF ==,CH CF ==在Rt ADH 和Rt BDF △中,∵AD BD DH DF =⎧⎨=⎩,∴()Rt Rt HL ADH BDF ≌,∴1BF AH ==,BE CF CE =-在Rt BDF △中,由勾股定理得在Rt ABE △中,由勾股定理得如图2,连接OD 交AB 于P ,连接∵ AD BD=,∴OD AB ⊥,∴1352BP AB ==,在Rt BDP 中,由勾股定理得设半径为r ,则25OP r =-,在Rt BOP △中,由勾股定理得解得1354r =,∴半径为1354.【点睛】本题考查了圆的综合,角平分线的性质,等弧所对的圆周角相等,全等三角形的判214863y x x =-++,当0y =时,0解得:14x =-,212x =,∴()12,0B ,设直线AC 的解析式为y kx b =+,∴048k b b =-+⎧⎨=⎩,解得:28k b =⎧⎨=⎩,∴28y x =+∵点D 的横坐标为t ,∴(),28D t t +,∴28BF DE t ==+∴()12284OF OB BF t =-=-+=-∴点G 的横坐标为42t-∴点G 的纵坐标()2144263d t =--+(3)如图,延长CK 交x 轴于点M。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区2024年中考英语最后一模试卷含答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区2024年中考英语最后一模试卷含答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区2024年中考英语最后一模试卷含答案注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。

2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试题卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—Did Eric go to Jack’s birthday party?—No, he ____.A.didn’t invite B.wasn’t invited C.isn’t invited D.hasn’t invited2、—Jack must be in his office, I think.—No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning.A.needn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.mustn't3、Jim, your vegetables, because balanced diet is important.A.eat up B.drink up C.clear up4、-What do you think of Jim?-He is a serious boy. Whenever he ______ the tasks, he will try his best to finish them well.A.will be given B.will give C.gives D.is given5、Most boys _______ blue to pink while most girls _______ wear pink than blue.A.would rather, prefer B.prefer, would ratherC.would rather, would rather D.prefer, prefer6、Mary ________ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.A.invites B.is invited C.was invited7、I think swimming is than running.A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting8、The world’s longest cross-sea bridge, the 55-km-long Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) ________ on Oct 24. The HZMB will make it much easier to travel between the three areas.A.opens B.was open C.opened9、―Lucy has won a gold in the writing competition. ― _______ good mood she is in now!A.How a B.What C.How D.What a10、_____an old teacher Mr. Wang is!A.How B.What C.Where D.WhyⅡ. 完形填空11、Although people everywhere seem to enjoy drinking coffee, they do not all have the 1 coffee culture.In Europe for example, coffee shops are common places for people to meet friends and to talk while they drink coffee. On the other hand, locations like this were not as common in North America in the past. 2 , people in North America would like to drink coffee in their homes with their friends. The coffee culture in the USA changed when Starbucks coffee shops 3 across the country.The 4 Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the USA.It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s 5 did well, and by 1981 there were more Starbucks stores in Seattle.Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment(设备). He noticed that Starbucks ordered 6 special coffee makers, and he was curious. Schultz went to Seattle to see 7 Starbucks did. In 1982, the original Starbucks ow ners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing.In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The special atmosphere(氛围)of the coffee bars there 8 his eye. Back in the USA, Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was 9 and relaxing, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Starbucks began opening more locations across the USA.Then the company opened coffee shops in other countries 10 . Today, there are more than 16,000 Starbucks coffee shops worldwide.However, that does not mean Starbucks has not had problems. As a matter of fact, many locations have closed over the past few years.1.A.same B.different C.similar D.new2.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Instead D.However3.A.spread B.ran C.closed D.built4.A.last B.biggest C.smallest D.first5.A.business B.sales C.products D.achievement6.A.a great deal of B.a large number of C.a little D.little7.A.how B.why C.what D.that8.A.brought B.paid C.caught D.carried9.A.crazy B.worried C.nervous D.comfortable10.A.after B.as well C.before D.soonⅢ. 语法填空12、语法填空阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区第三中学2024届高考生物一模试卷含解析

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区第三中学2024届高考生物一模试卷含解析

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区第三中学2024届高考生物一模试卷注意事项1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答;第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3.考试结束后,考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上,待监考员收回。

一、选择题:(共6小题,每小题6分,共36分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求)1.某二倍体生物(2N=10)在细胞分裂过程的某阶段含有5对同源染色体,该阶段不可能发生()A.形成的子染色体移向两极B.染色质缩短变粗C.同源染色体间交叉互换D.着丝点排列在赤道板上2.下列与细胞相关的叙述,正确的是()A.核糖体、中心体、溶酶体都是具有膜结构的细胞器B.酵母菌的细胞核内含有DNA 和RNA 两类核酸C.蓝藻细胞的能量来源于其线粒体有氧呼吸过程D.在叶绿体中可进行CO2的固定但不能合成ATP3.血管紧张素转换酶2(简称ACE2)是一种由805个氨基酸构成的跨膜蛋白,其编码基因位于X染色体,在心脏、肾脏、肺、消化道等部位的细胞中广泛表达。

新冠病毒的S蛋白与肺部细胞表面的受体-ACE2结合,从而入侵细胞。

下列说法正确的是()A.ACE2的单体是以若干个碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架B.ACE2与S蛋白结合体现了细胞膜的选择透过性C.ACE2的编码基因位于X染色体,因此男性体内无ACE2D.人类基因组包含ACE2的编码基因,该基因由2415个脱氧核苷酸聚合而成4.下列有关“一定”的说法中,全部正确的一组是①经过内质网和高尔基体加工的蛋白质,一定是分泌蛋白②细胞生物的遗传物质,一定是DNA③无论是真核细胞还是原核细胞,其“系统边界”一定是细胞膜④植物细胞内的色素,一定含有C、H、0、N、Mg⑤组成细胞的各种化学元素,在无机自然界一定能够找到⑥种群J型增长的数学模型公式(N t=N0tλ)中的λ是指增长速率,其数值一定大于1A.①②③B.④⑤⑥C.①④⑥D.②③⑤5.以下实验操作与实验目的之间的匹配,不正确...的是()选项实验目的实验操作A 生长素诱导植物枝条生根高浓度的生长素溶液长时间处理实验材料B 亚硝酸盐含量测定利用分光光度计测定显色后的泡菜汁的吸光值C 腐乳制作(豆腐块已长满毛霉)逐层加盐,抑制微生物生长并析出豆腐水分D 诱导愈伤组织分化调节培养基中生长素/细胞分裂素比例适宜A.A B.B C.C D.F6.下列与人体生命活动调节有关的叙述,错误的是()A.大脑皮层受损的患者不能完成缩手反射B.垂体病变的患者血糖浓度仍可能保持相对稳定C.下丘脑发生病变的患者体温可能低于正常人D.艾滋病患者肿瘤的发生率比正常人高二、综合题:本大题共4小题7.(9分)皮肤、黏膜及其分泌物等构成了保卫人体的第一道防线,如呼吸道黏膜上、泪液和唾液中的溶菌酶能破坏细菌的细胞壁,胃中的胃酸和消化酶等可消灭随食物咽下的多种细菌。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考物理一模试卷(含解析)

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考物理一模试卷(含解析)

2017年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考物理一模试卷一、选择题(每小题2分,共24分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.晓彤同学对下列物理量进行了估测,其中不合理的是()A.一层普通居民楼的高约为3mB.声音在空气中传播速度约为3×105/sC.我国家庭用电器正常工作的电压一般是220VD.人体的密度约为1.0×103kg/m32.对下列四幅图的解释,说法正确的是()A.太阳灶能够将水烧开说明太阳光能够传递信息B.热机是将机械能转化为内能装置C.皮筋动力小车能够运动起来的原理是物体间力的作用是相互的D.泡沫塑料切割机是利用压强的知识来完成泡沫塑料的切割3.下列说法正确的是()A.草原上奔跑的马群扬起的尘土是分子的无规则运动形成的B.以驾驶员为参照物,马路上形式的汽车是运动的C.跳伞运动员在空中下落过程中,重力势能不断增加D.优美的吉他声通过空气传入人耳中4.如图所示,工地上铲车在工作中包含许多的物理知识,下列说法正确的是()A.铲车自重较大,可以增大车与地面的摩擦力B.铲车的轮胎较宽,可以增大铲车对地面的压强C.铲车发出巨大的轰鸣声是乐音D.铲车的铲斗前端制作的越厚越容易铲进物体5.关于光现象,下列说法正确的是()A.光在密度不均匀的糖水中的传播径迹是弯曲的,说明光不总是沿直线传播的B.自行车的尾灯可以在夜间显示自行车所在的位置,说明尾灯是光源C.平面镜只能成像,不能控制光的传播路径D.小雪自制的万花筒是通过单一平面镜成像来形成缤纷图案的6.关于自然现象,下列说法正确的是()A.初冬松花江畔“树挂”的形成是凝固现象,需放出热量B.冬天的室外,小雪口中呼出的“白气”是汽化现象,需吸收热量C.哈尔滨冰雪大世界的冰雕逐渐变小是升华现象,需吸收热量D.初春时节,哈市路面的冰雪逐渐消融是液化现象,需放出热量7.晓彤用注射器抽取半筒水,用手指封闭注射器筒口(如图所示),推压注射器的活塞,发现水很难被压缩.晓彤的实验说明()A.分子在不停地做无规则运动 B.分子间存在间隙C.分子间存在引力D.分子间存在斥力8.如图所示,小雪用橡胶棒摩擦小狗的毛皮,下列说法错误的是()A.摩擦后橡胶棒变得较热是因为热传递造成的B.摩擦后橡胶棒能够吸引狗毛说明带电体可以吸引轻小物体C.摩擦后橡胶棒变得较热是因为橡胶棒克服摩擦做功造成的D.摩擦后橡胶棒带负电荷,说明橡胶棒内原子核束缚电子的本领比毛皮强9.类比是重要的科学研究方法.下列关于类比水流和电流形成原因(如图所示)说法错误的是()A.导线类比水管,是传送电流的装置B.开关类比阀门,是控制电流传送的装置C.电源类比抽水机,是提供电压的装置D.灯泡类比水轮机,是产生电能的装置10.小雪用标有“2.5V,0.3A”的小灯泡进行“研究小灯泡的电阻”实验,得到该灯泡的U﹣I关系图象如图所示.下列说法正确的是()A.小灯泡的电功率随电压的增加而增大B.小灯泡的电阻随温度的升高而增大C.小灯泡正常发光时的电阻是8.3ΩD.小灯泡的额定功率是0.9W11.晓彤用如图所示的电路进行实验,当滑片P向右移动的过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.电流表的示数跟电压表的示数成正比B.电压表示数跟电流表示数的比值增大C.小灯泡的电流跟它两端的电压成正比D.小灯泡发光逐渐变亮12.关于晓彤进行射箭联系的描述,下列说法错误的是()A.晓彤能够瞄准靶心,利用了光在空气中沿直线传播的原理B.箭被射出后仍能在空中飞行时因为箭受到了惯性的作用C.晓彤用弓将箭射出,将弓的弹性势能转化为箭的动能D.箭在射中靶心后停留在靶心上,将箭的机械能转化为内能二、非选择题(共46分)13.走进实验室就会使我们认识到:是科学探究的重要工具;是物理实验的基本内容.14.一个适当的长方体金属块和一块海绵可以探究压力的作用效果跟是否有关.15.晓彤将一直点燃的蜡烛放在音响前,加大音量,可以观察到的现象是;该现象说明.16.小雪将钢笔放在书上,用手推书在水平桌面上向左做匀速直线运动(如图所示),以为参照物,笔是运动的,在此过程中,笔是到摩擦力作用(选填“是”或“否”).17.量筒中装有一半清水,将硫酸铜溶液注入水的下方,硫酸铜溶液会留在水的下方(如图所示),静置几天后,产生的现象是,该现象说明.(汽18.如图所示是汽油机工作的冲程;若汽油机的能量利用率为20%,完全燃烧10g汽油可输出J有用能量.油的热值为4.5×107J/kg)19.根据如图中电视机(图1)及家用电能表(图2)名牌所示信息可知,该电视机独立正常工作10h消耗的电能为,电能表示数会由图2中所示示数变为.20.如图所示,两块磁铁上方各悬挂一个线圈,两个线圈用导线连接起来.用外力拨动图甲中的线圈,使其在磁场中摆动,发现图乙中的线圈也会跟着摆动,在此过程中,图甲相当于发电机,图乙相当于电动机;由此可知,图甲中的线圈是靠摆动起来的,图乙中的线圈是靠摆动起来的.21.10W的LED灯泡的亮度相当于100W白炽灯,如果每户用2只这样的LED灯泡,以每天使用5h计,哈市500万用户每天可以节约电能kW•h;若哈市的电价为0.50元/kW•h,则哈市每天可以节省元用电开支.22.如图所示是小雪自制的潜望镜,该潜望镜的成像原理是,该潜望镜所成像的性质.23.如图所示,一束光从空气斜射向水面,请你在图中画出光的实际传播路径.24.如图所示是小雪同学测量滑动摩擦力的情景,此时木块在水平面上做匀速直线运动,请画出木块在水平方向上受力的示意图.25.在温度恒为0℃的实验室中,晓彤和小雪分别用如图所示的装置探究“固体熔化过程的规律”.(1)①他们把﹣5℃的碎冰放入试管,把温度计插在碎冰中,再把试管插在30℃左右的温水中加热.这种加热方式的优点是.②很快,冰开始熔化了,晓彤发现此时温度计的示数不再上升了,小雪的实验也出现了这种现象.该现象说明.(2)小雪在冰熔化时,将试管从热水中拿出来,碎冰不继续熔化了;将试管再放入热水中,碎冰又继续熔化.该现象说明.(3)请你帮助晓彤和小雪设计能够记录实验现象、数据的记录表格.26.爷爷和奶奶从海南带回来一些小香蕉,晓彤和小雪利用家庭实验室的器材测量这种小香蕉的密度.晓彤的方法:(1)用天平测一个小香蕉的质量,天平平衡时右盘砝码和游码如图甲所示,则小香蕉的质量为kg.(2)如图乙所示,往量筒加入适量的水,记下此时水的体积;将这个小香蕉放入量筒,再次记录读数,小香蕉的体积为cm3.(3)小香蕉的密度为kg/m3.小雪认为晓彤的方法不当,应当取更多的小香蕉测量.小雪的方法:①在筐里随机挑选6颗小香蕉,用天平测得它们的总质量为m.②任意选出其中2颗用量筒测得体积为V.③小香蕉的密度ρ=.你认为小雪这种测密度的方法是否正确,并简述理由.27.晓彤利用图甲所示的电路探究电流与电阻的关系.已知电源电压为6V且保持不变,实验依次用到的电阻阻值分别为5Ω、10Ω、15Ω、20Ω、25Ω.(1)实验中多次改变R的阻值,调节滑动变阻器的滑片,使电压表示数保持不变,记下电流表的示数,得到如图乙所示的电流I随电阻R变化的图象,分析图象可得出结论是:.(2)在上述实验中,晓彤测量阻值为5Ω的电阻中的电流后,要改测阻值为10Ω的电阻中的电流,他应该进行的操作是,再将阻值为5Ω的电阻换成阻值为10Ω的电阻接入电路中.再次读取电流表示数之前,他应进行的操作是:移动滑片,使电压表示数为V.(3)晓彤想将定值电阻换成小灯泡来探究电流与电压的关系,你认为她的实验方案可行吗?(选填“可行”或“不可行”),你的理由是.28.在“测量小灯泡的电功率”实验中,选用的小灯泡上标有“2.5V”字样.(1)小华连接了如图甲所示的电路,闭合开关前,小明发现有一根导线连接错误,请你用笔在图中这根导线上画“×”,并重新画一根正确连接电路的导线(导线不能交叉).(2)正确连接电路后,将滑动变阻器调到最大阻值.闭合开关,调节滑动变阻器,当小灯泡两端的电压是2.5V时,电流表的示数如图乙所示,则通过小灯泡的电流是A,小灯泡的额定功率是W.(3)小华按照正确方法进行了多次实验,测量数据和观察到的现象如下表所示.实验序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7发光情况明亮亮较亮较暗微光熄灭熄灭电压U/V 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.1电流I/A ★0.26 0.24 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.05分析实验数据可知:①由第1次到第7次的实验可知,滑动变阻器的滑片P是逐渐向(填“a”或“b”)端移动的.②小灯泡的实际功率越(填“大”或“小”),小灯泡就越亮.③在不同电压下,小灯泡的电阻不同,是因为灯丝的电阻与有关.2017年黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区中考物理一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(每小题2分,共24分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.晓彤同学对下列物理量进行了估测,其中不合理的是()A.一层普通居民楼的高约为3mB.声音在空气中传播速度约为3×105/sC.我国家庭用电器正常工作的电压一般是220VD.人体的密度约为1.0×103kg/m3【考点】长度的估测;密度及其特性;声速;电压.【分析】此题考查对生活中常见物体物理量的估测,结合对生活的了解和对物理单位的认识,找出符合题意的选项.【解答】解:A、普通居民楼3层的高度在10m左右,一层的高度在3m左右,此选项符合实际;B、声音在空气中传播速度约为340m/sg左右,此选项不符合实际;C、我国家庭用电器正常工作的电压为220V,此选项符合实际;D、人体的密度与水的密度差不多约为1.0×103kg/m3左右,此选项符合实际.故选B.2.对下列四幅图的解释,说法正确的是()A.太阳灶能够将水烧开说明太阳光能够传递信息B.热机是将机械能转化为内能装置C.皮筋动力小车能够运动起来的原理是物体间力的作用是相互的D.泡沫塑料切割机是利用压强的知识来完成泡沫塑料的切割【考点】太阳能的利用;力作用的相互性;热机.【分析】(1)人类对太阳能的利用主要是将太阳能转化为内能和电能(2)热机是将内能转化为机械能的装置;(3)转动螺旋桨,与其连接的皮筋扭转并绷紧,橡皮筋的弹性势能增大;松手后,橡皮筋的弹性势能转化为螺旋桨的动能;螺旋桨前后两方空气流速不同,产生压强差,空气给螺旋桨前进的动力.(4)电动机的原理是利用通电导体在磁场中受到力的作用的原理制成【解答】解:A、太阳灶能够将水烧开说明太阳光具有能量,故A错误;B、热机是将内能转化为机械能的装置;故B错误;C、转动螺旋桨,与其连接的皮筋扭转并绷紧,橡皮筋的弹性势能增大,松手后,橡皮筋的弹性势能转化为螺旋桨的动能;螺旋桨前后两方空气流速不同,产生压强差,空气给螺旋桨前进的动力,利用了物体间力的作用是相互的,故C正确;D、泡沫塑料切割机,它是利用通电导体在磁场中受到力的作用的原理制成的,故D错误.故选C.3.下列说法正确的是()A.草原上奔跑的马群扬起的尘土是分子的无规则运动形成的B.以驾驶员为参照物,马路上形式的汽车是运动的C.跳伞运动员在空中下落过程中,重力势能不断增加D.优美的吉他声通过空气传入人耳中【考点】机械运动;参照物及其选择;声音的传播条件;势能的影响因素.【分析】(1)要区分开分子的运动和固体小颗粒的运动;(2)物体是运动还是静止,取决于参照物的选取,若研究对象相当于参照物的位置没有变化,则研究对象就是静止的;(3)动能的影响因素是物体的质量和速度,质量越大,速度越大,动能越大;重力势能的影响因素是物体的质量和高度,质量越大,高度越高,重力势能越大.(4)声音的传播需要介质.【解答】解:A、尘土飞扬是固体小颗粒的运动,不是分子的运动,故A错误;B、坐在行驶的汽车中的驾驶员,以驾驶员为参照物,汽车相对于驾驶员的位置没有变化,故汽车是静止的;故B 错误;C、由于运动员在空中下落过程中,高度降低,所以重力势能减小,故C错误;D、优美的吉他声是通过空气传入人耳中,故D正确;故选:D.4.如图所示,工地上铲车在工作中包含许多的物理知识,下列说法正确的是()A.铲车自重较大,可以增大车与地面的摩擦力B.铲车的轮胎较宽,可以增大铲车对地面的压强C.铲车发出巨大的轰鸣声是乐音D.铲车的铲斗前端制作的越厚越容易铲进物体【考点】增大或减小摩擦的方法;增大压强的方法及其应用;减小压强的方法及其应用;噪声及来源.【分析】(1)影响摩擦大小的因素是压力和接触面的粗糙程度,增大压力和增大接触面的粗糙程度可以增大摩擦;(2)影响压强大小的因素是压力大小和受力面积大小;在压力一定的条件下,增大受力面积可以减小压强;(3)从物理学角度来看,发声体做无规则振动时产生的声音叫噪声;从环境角度来看,凡是防碍人们正常的工作、学习、休息的声音,以及对人们要听的声音起干扰作用的,都属于噪声;(4)在压力一定的条件下,减小受力面积可以增大压强.【解答】解:A、铲车自重较大,可以增大对地面的压力,从而增大车与地面的摩擦;故A正确;B、铲车对地面的压力一定,轮胎较宽,增大了与地面的接触面积,减小了对地面的压强;故B错误;C、铲车发出巨大的轰鸣声会影响人们正常的学习和生活,属于噪声;故C错误;D、铲车的铲斗前端制作的越薄,在同样用力的条件下,产生的压强越大,月容易铲进物体;故D错误.故选:A.5.关于光现象,下列说法正确的是()A.光在密度不均匀的糖水中的传播径迹是弯曲的,说明光不总是沿直线传播的B.自行车的尾灯可以在夜间显示自行车所在的位置,说明尾灯是光源C.平面镜只能成像,不能控制光的传播路径D.小雪自制的万花筒是通过单一平面镜成像来形成缤纷图案的【考点】光直线传播的应用;光源;平面镜对光的作用.【分析】(1)光在同种均匀物质中沿直线传播;(2)自身能发光的物体是光源;(3)(4)平面镜成像属于光的反射.【解答】解:A、光只有在同种、均匀介质中才沿直线传播,光在密度不均匀的糖水中的传播径迹是弯曲的,故A 正确;B、自行车的尾灯可以反射光线,所以能在夜间显示自行车所在的位置,故尾灯不是光源,故B错误;C、平面镜可以成像等大、正立的虚像;平面镜成像属于光的反射,可以改变光的传播路径,故C错误;D、万花筒是通过多个平面镜反射光线,形成缤纷图案的,故D错误.故选:A.6.关于自然现象,下列说法正确的是()A.初冬松花江畔“树挂”的形成是凝固现象,需放出热量B.冬天的室外,小雪口中呼出的“白气”是汽化现象,需吸收热量C.哈尔滨冰雪大世界的冰雕逐渐变小是升华现象,需吸收热量D.初春时节,哈市路面的冰雪逐渐消融是液化现象,需放出热量【考点】生活中的升华现象;熔化与熔化吸热特点;液化及液化现象;生活中的凝华现象.【分析】(1)在一定条件下,物体的三种状态﹣﹣固态、液态、气态之间会发生相互转化,这就是物态变化;(2)物质由气态直接变为固态叫凝华,物质由固态直接变为气态叫升华;由气态变为液态叫液化,由液态变为气态叫汽化;由固态变为液态叫熔化,由液态变为固态叫凝固.(3)吸热的物体变化有:熔化、汽化、升华;放热的物体变化有:凝华、液化、凝固.【解答】解:A、初冬松花江畔“树挂”是由空气中的水蒸气凝华而成的,放出热量,故A错误;B、“白气”是水蒸气遇冷发生液化而形成的小水珠,放出热量,故B错误;C、冰雪大世界的冰雕逐渐变小,是由固态直接变成了气态,发生了升华现象,升华吸热,故C正确;D、初春冰雪消融是雪吸热由固态变为液态,是熔化选项,吸收热量,故D错误.故选:C.7.晓彤用注射器抽取半筒水,用手指封闭注射器筒口(如图所示),推压注射器的活塞,发现水很难被压缩.晓彤的实验说明()A.分子在不停地做无规则运动 B.分子间存在间隙C.分子间存在引力D.分子间存在斥力【考点】分子间的作用力.【分析】分子动理论的初步知识:物质是由大量分子组成的;分子都在不停地做无规则运动;分子间存在相互用的引力和斥力.【解答】解:用注射器抽取半筒水,用手指封闭注射器开口.推压注射器的活塞,会感觉到里面的水很难压缩,说明了分子间有斥力,故D正确.故选D.8.如图所示,小雪用橡胶棒摩擦小狗的毛皮,下列说法错误的是()A.摩擦后橡胶棒变得较热是因为热传递造成的B.摩擦后橡胶棒能够吸引狗毛说明带电体可以吸引轻小物体C.摩擦后橡胶棒变得较热是因为橡胶棒克服摩擦做功造成的D.摩擦后橡胶棒带负电荷,说明橡胶棒内原子核束缚电子的本领比毛皮强【考点】做功改变物体内能;物体带电现象;摩擦起电的实质.【分析】(1)做功和热传递都能改变物体的内能;(2)带电体能吸引轻小物体;(3)不同的物质原子核束缚核外电子的本领有强有弱,原子核束缚核外电子本领强的夺得电子,因多余电子带负电,原子核束缚核外电子本领弱的失去电子,因缺少电子带正电.摩擦起电的实质不是创造了电,而是电子的转移.【解答】解:AC、摩擦后橡胶棒变得较热是因为橡胶棒克服摩擦做功造成的,故A错误;C正确;B、带电体能吸引轻小物体,故摩擦后橡胶棒能够吸引狗毛说明带电体可以吸引轻小物体,故B正确;D、据上面的分析可知,带负电是由于多电子导致的,故摩擦后橡胶棒带负电荷,说明橡胶棒内原子核束缚电子的本领比毛皮强,故D正确;故选A.9.类比是重要的科学研究方法.下列关于类比水流和电流形成原因(如图所示)说法错误的是()A.导线类比水管,是传送电流的装置B.开关类比阀门,是控制电流传送的装置C.电源类比抽水机,是提供电压的装置D.灯泡类比水轮机,是产生电能的装置【考点】电路的组成.【分析】将电流的形成类比水流的形成,抽水机的作用相当于电路中的电源,水管的作用相当于电路中的导线.【解答】解:电流的形成类比水流的形成:水路﹣﹣电路,水流﹣﹣电流;抽水机的作用是为水路两端提供水压,而电源的作用是为电路两端提供电压,故抽水机相当于电源;水管的作用是输送水流,而导线的作用是输送电流,故水管相当于导线.故选:D10.小雪用标有“2.5V,0.3A”的小灯泡进行“研究小灯泡的电阻”实验,得到该灯泡的U﹣I关系图象如图所示.下列说法正确的是()A.小灯泡的电功率随电压的增加而增大B.小灯泡的电阻随温度的升高而增大C.小灯泡正常发光时的电阻是8.3ΩD.小灯泡的额定功率是0.9W【考点】电功率与电压、电流的关系;影响电阻大小的因素;欧姆定律的变形公式.【分析】(1)根据公式P=UI分析电功率与电压关系;(2)结合图象利用R=分析电阻与温度关系;(3)根据额定电压与额定功率计算正常发光时的电阻;(4)利用P=UI科计算额定功率.【解答】解:A、由图象可知,当电压变大时,通过灯泡的电流变大,根据公式P=UI可知,功率变大,故A正确;B、U﹣I图象中,图象的斜率越来越大,表示导体的电阻变大,原因是灯丝两端电压越大,灯丝的温度越高,故B 正确;C、灯泡正常发光时,两端电压U=2.5V,由图象可知,此时灯丝中电流I=0.3A,正常发光时的电阻:R==≈8.3Ω,故C正确;D、灯泡的额定功率:P=UI=2.5V×0.3A=0.75W,故D错误.故选:ABC.11.晓彤用如图所示的电路进行实验,当滑片P向右移动的过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.电流表的示数跟电压表的示数成正比B.电压表示数跟电流表示数的比值增大C.小灯泡的电流跟它两端的电压成正比D.小灯泡发光逐渐变亮【考点】电路的动态分析;欧姆定律的变形公式;电功率的计算.【分析】由电路图可知,灯泡与滑动变阻器串联,电压表测滑动变阻器两端的电压,电流表测电路中的电流.(1)金属导体的电阻除了与材料、长度和横截面积有关以外,还与温度有关,绝大多数金属导体温度升高时电阻增大,据此根据U=IR判断小灯泡的电流与两端的电压关系;根据串联电路的电压特点和欧姆定律得出电流表的示数与电压表的示关系,然后判断两者的关系;(2)根据滑片的移动可知接入电路中电阻的变化,根据欧姆定律结合变阻器的阻值判断电压表示数跟电流表示数的比值变化;(3)根据滑片的移动可知接入电路中电阻的变化,根据欧姆定律可知电路中电流的变化和灯泡两端的电压变化,根据P=UI可知灯泡实际功率的变化,进一步判断灯泡亮暗的变化.【解答】解:由电路图可知,灯泡与滑动变阻器串联,电压表测滑动变阻器两端的电压,电流表测电路中的电流.(1)因灯泡的电阻与温度有关,且温度越高、电阻越大,所以,由I=可知,小灯泡的电流跟它两端的电压不成正比,故C错误;电流表与电压表的示数关系I=,由于滑片移动时变阻器接入电路的阻值是变化的,所以,电流表的示数I跟电压表的示数U R不成正比,故A错误;(2)当滑片P向右移动的过程中,R接入电路中的电阻变大,由R=可知,电压表示数跟电流表示数的比值等于R的阻值,则电压表示数跟电流表示数的比值增大,故B正确;(3)当滑片P向右移动的过程中,R接入电路中的电阻变大,总电阻变大,电路中的电流变小,灯泡两端的电压变小,因灯泡的亮暗取决于实际功率的大小,所以,由P=UI可知,灯泡的实际功率变小,灯泡变暗,故D错误.故选B.12.关于晓彤进行射箭联系的描述,下列说法错误的是()A.晓彤能够瞄准靶心,利用了光在空气中沿直线传播的原理B.箭被射出后仍能在空中飞行时因为箭受到了惯性的作用C.晓彤用弓将箭射出,将弓的弹性势能转化为箭的动能D.箭在射中靶心后停留在靶心上,将箭的机械能转化为内能【考点】惯性;光直线传播的应用;动能和势能的转化与守恒;机械能和其他形式能的转化.【分析】(1)射箭瞄准是利用光的直线传播;(2)力是改变物体的运动状态的原因,如果没有力物体就会保持它的原来的运动状态;一切物体都具有保持原来运动状态不变的性质,叫惯性;(3)物体由于发生弹性形变而具有的能称为弹性势能,弹性势能和动能可以相互转化;(4)对物体做功,内能增加.【解答】解:A、晓彤能够瞄准靶心,三点一线是利用了光在空气中沿直线传播的原理,故A正确;B、箭被射出后仍能在空中飞行时因为箭具有惯性的缘故,不是受到惯性,故B错误;C、晓彤用弓将箭射出,由于弓发生弹性形变具有弹性势能,将弓的弹性势能转化为箭的动能,故C正确;D、箭在射中靶心后停留在靶心上,克服阻力做功将箭的机械能转化为内能,故D正确.故选B.二、非选择题(共46分)13.走进实验室就会使我们认识到:仪器是科学探究的重要工具;实验是物理实验的基本内容.【考点】物理常识.【分析】物理学是一门以实验为基础的学科,了解实验在科学探究中的作用,知道实验仪器是科学探究的重要工具可直接作答.【解答】解:物理学是一门以实验为基础的学科,实验是科学探究的基础,也是物理实验的基本内容,仪器是科学探究的重要工具.故答案为:仪器;实验.14.一个适当的长方体金属块和一块海绵可以探究压力的作用效果跟受力面积是否有关.【考点】压强.【分析】(1)压力的作用效果主要表现在物体的形变上,可以通过海绵的形变程度来反映压力作用效果是否明显.(2)影响压力作用效果的因素是压力的大小和受力面积的大小:探究压力的作用效果和压力大小的关系时就要保证受力面积一定;要探究压力的作用效果和受力面积的关系时就要保证压力的大小一定.【解答】解:压力的作用效果主要表现在物体的形变上,可以通过海绵的形变程度来反映压力作用效果是否明显,将长方体金属块放在海绵上,不管是平放还是竖放,金属块对海绵的压力等于其重力不变,。

南岗一模中考语文试卷答案

南岗一模中考语文试卷答案

一、选择题1. 下列词语中,字形、字音完全正确的是()A. 炽热(chì)潮湿(cháo)暖和(nuǎn)B. 沉思(chén)精彩(jīng)美味(měi)C. 谦虚(qiān)勤奋(qín)慷慨(kǎng)D. 舒适(shū)精神(jīng)轻松(qīng)答案:C2. 下列句子中,没有语病的是()A. 由于他平时努力学习,所以这次考试取得了优异的成绩。

B. 他的学习成绩一直很好,这次考试也不例外。

C. 他不仅学习成绩好,而且很乐于助人。

D. 他的学习成绩一直不好,这次考试也一定不会好。

答案:B3. 下列各句中,修辞手法使用不正确的是()A. 夜幕降临,星星像钻石一样闪耀。

B. 小明跑得像兔子一样快。

C. 这本书的内容丰富,就像一个宝库。

D. 她的笑容如阳光般灿烂。

答案:B4. 下列词语中,没有错别字的是()A. 真挚(zhēn)感慨(gǎn)沉默(mò)B. 顿时(dùn)竭力(jié)慢条斯理(màn)C. 疲惫(pí)美丽(měi)勤奋(qín)D. 漫步(màn)纯洁(chún)谦虚(qiān)答案:C5. 下列各句中,标点符号使用不正确的是()A. 我最喜欢的一本书是《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。

B. 你看,天空中的月亮,像一个大玉盘。

C. 这个苹果真好吃!我把它吃了。

D. 春天来了,万物复苏,柳树发芽了。

答案:B二、简答题6. 请简要分析下列句子的修辞手法及其作用。

“月亮升上了树梢,像玉盘似的,十分圆满。

”答案:本句运用了比喻的修辞手法,将月亮比作玉盘,形象地描绘出月亮的圆满和美丽,增强了句子的感染力。

7. 请简要分析下列句子的表达效果。

“他跑得像兔子一样快。

”答案:本句运用了夸张的修辞手法,将他的速度夸张地比作兔子的速度,生动形象地表现出他跑得非常快,增强了句子的生动性和形象性。

2020年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析

2020年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析

2020年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AInformation on school visits to Kew GardensEnjoy yourselves in a wonderland of science with over 50,000 living plants and a variety of educational events or amusing activities. Here is essential information about planning a school visit to Kew.Educational course pricesYou can plan a self-led visit or book one of our educational courses. Students will take part in the educational courses in groups of 15. Prices vary according to different situations.EYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage) to Key Stage 4:45-minute course: 35/group 90-minute course: 70/groupKey Stage 5:Half day (one course): 80/group Full day (two courses): 160/groupTeachers and adults:Up to required key stage proportions (比例): FreeAdults needed for 1:1 special educational needs support: FreeAdults above the required proportions: 11/personThe payment will due within 28 calendar days of making the booking.Health and safetyRequired supervising (监护) adult-student proportions:Key Stage 1: 1:5 Key Stage 2: 1:8Key stage 3: 1:10 Key Stage 4: 1:12Key Stage 5: 1:12The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting potentially busy areas such as the glasshouse and other attractions. The maximum number of students visiting the glasshouses is 15 per group and each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students.If there is an emergency, please contact the nearest Kew staff member or call Constabulary on 0208 32 3333 for direct and quick support. Please do not call 999.Planning your visitYour tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon receipt of your payment. You can complete your risk assessment with the passes, ensure you bring your tickets and the receipt document and show them to the staff members at the gate on the day of your visit.Recommended timingsThe Kew Gardens opens at 10 am. You are recommended to spend at least three to five hours on your visit. The closing time varies throughout the year. But the earliest is 3:30 pm. We have a fixed schedule for educational courses, which is from 10:30 am to 2:20 pm.1.How much should a group of 15 Key Stage I students and 4 teachers pay for a 45-minute course?A.35B.46C.57D.812.What should one do in an emergency?A.Check the risk assessment.B.Call 999 immediately.C.Ask adults or teachers for help.D.Seek help from the staff member nearby.3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To introduce Kew Gardens.B.To give tips on visiting Kew Gardens.C.To attract potential visitors to Kew Gardens.D.To inform coming activities in Kew Gardens.B“Your mind is a garden; your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” William Wordsworth wrote. In the above quote, William suggests that the process of gardening mirrors human life. Depending on what we “plant” in our lives, we bloom (生长茂盛) or don’t. Before you start to work in your garden, it’s necessary to have a vision for it. Thinking of what youwant to grow in your garden and how to lay it out is a good first step in making your vision a fruitful reality. In life, you should consider what you want to create and what you want to achieve, because your mind-garden is like the white paper and the possibilities are endless. Regardless of what you choose to plant, poor soil isn’t suitable for growth. This is why gardeners take the time and energy to upgrade the soil before planting. So, creating the right soil is important to the realization of your goals and dreams. Fortunately, there are countless ways to make your personal bedrock better. Getting an education isone of the most effective ways, which can help you enrich your life’s soil.You don’t have to be an enthusiastic gardener to understand the meaning of “You reap(收获) what you sow.” When a gardener wants tomatoes, they just need to plant tomato seeds. It’s a very clear act that produces an expected result. Each of us has the power to decide which “life seeds” to plant. For example, if you plant ill seeds, it's likely that you’ll experience pain in return. Contrarily, if you plant seeds of kindness and understanding, your life will bloom with happiness and love.A gardener’s trulyarduouswork begins after the seeds are in the ground because a garden requires a lot of care and attention. Regular watering and weeding are required for a healthy garden. So, to ensure your dreams take root, you should be devoted, aware, and present. After countless hours and energy spent, the crops have grown well and are finally ready to be harvested.4. What is important before gardeners break ground in their gardens?A. Receiving some training in planting.B. Drawing up a good plan for their gardens.C. Having the courage to accept the worst outcome.D. Doing research on the common local garden plants.5. What is compared to getting education by the author?A. Improving the condition of the soil.B. Growing your most favorable plants.C. Taking care of the plants in your garden.D. Selecting proper goals in gardening work.6. What does the author want to express in Paragraph 3?A. Your quality of life depends on your positive action.B. Your experience can help you understand plants better.C. Your choice of soil is an important part in your gardening.D. Your knowledge of planting will make you a successful gardener.7. What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. BeneficialB. CreativeC. Boring.D. ToughCMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.8. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous9. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition10. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.11. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chiliesDSlowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer's mind when she turned 70 last year. She'd enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn't feel too old to travel.Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car inEurope, for example. InCroatia, Schaefer wouldn't be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a " no" for many travelers.Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It's their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on aCaribbeantour. "You can't expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care. " she says. "Tour guides don't have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn't have traveled with us in this situation. "But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.”If you ask travel experts, they'll tell you that age is just a number. It's a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. "Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect, "says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. "Someone in their 40's may struggle more than someone in their 80s. "12. What is expected if Schaefer travels inCroatiathis year?A. She can rent a car to go around.B. She has to pay more insurance fees.C. She can join in all kinds of activities.D. She will receive 24/7 medical care.13. What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old's traveling?A. His old age.B. His lack of money.C. His poor health.D. His in sociable personality.14. What do we know about Grand Circle Travel?A. It is a non-profit traveling organization.B. It offers service to a wide range of travelers.C. It has a history of more than seven decades.D. Its main customers are senior travelers.15. What is the authors altitude towards traveling old?A. Opposed.B. Supportive.C. Tolerant.D. Objective.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区“FF联盟”市级名校2024年中考一模英语试题含答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区“FF联盟”市级名校2024年中考一模英语试题含答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区“FF联盟”市级名校2024年中考一模英语试题含答案注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、— Do you know _____ a wonderful match and two basketball matches on July 15 th ?— Y eah . I am going to watch them on that day.A.there will be B.there is going to have C.there are going to be D.is there going to be2、-I prefer speaking to listening in English learning.-Oh. really? I think you should be good at of them.A.both B.neither C.some D.all3、The brave soldier went on fighting, _______ he was wounded.A.though B.if C.because D.since4、—Someone the classroom when I passed.—Well, it wasn’t me.A.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.was cleaning D.will clean5、Boys and girls, no matter what difficulties you face, please don’t be disappointed.and work hard. This is the key to success.A.Cheer up B.Stay up C.Pick up6、We've got a bedroom, if you'd like to stay.A.empty B.spare C.available7、—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life?—I think it is one of ______ periods in my life.A.wonderful B.the most wonderful C.more wonderful8、Tom, the baby is sleeping. Please the radio a bit.A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down9、The classroom is so clean today and everything looks fine---It’s clear that someone __________itA.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.had cleaned D.is cleaned10、________ Mary ________ Jack is listening to the report carefully, because they are both interested in it very much.A.Neither; nor B.Either; or C.Both; and D.Not only; but alsoⅡ. 完形填空11、I looked the word “successful” in my dictionary and some of the words listed were: happy, fortunate, andhard-working. If that’s the definition of “successful”, then I’m truly successful after 1 .I started dabbling(涉足)in the Internet marketing in October 2010.It didn’t take long for me to become a 2 of the “become-a-millionaire-overnight” thought that was so popular on the internet. I had supposed that selling things on the Internet was so easy that even beginners could start making money on the very 3 day. I spent most of my time advertising rather than learning 4 to advertise. However, hal f a year’s hard work led to no money at all.In June, I found a program that was 5 ,and I began to learn from it. It wasn’t long before I gave 6 the“get-rich-quick” mind. I began to 7 that the Internet sale is a job like any other job and I would have to take it8 . I kept trying to cheer myself up, which I thought was the key to success in sales. I insisted on the excellent Internet marketing and then good 9 came. My dabbling became a hobby, and then passion (热情). Later passion 10 my business. I have really become a millionaire within a year.The more I learn, the more I realize I need to learn more. I’ve made a lot of mistakes, but I know that every mistake is just one more forward, as a song tells us “you’ve got to lose to know how to win.”1.A.failure B.danger C.course D.warning2.A.lover B.victim C.hater D.supporter3.A.next B.last C.first D.second4.A.how B.what C.when D.where5.A.helpless B.valuable C.comfortable D.meaningless6.A.out B.away C.up D.in7.A.complain B.imagine C.wonder D.realize8.A.quietly B.seriously C.slightly D.heavily9.A.luck B.matter C.place D.event10.A.organized B.described C.corrected D.encouragedⅢ. 语法填空12、What will our world be like in 2050? A group of experts has made1.(they) predictions about our life.It is 2.(believe) that we will have “clever”cars by 2050. We won’t have so many accidents b3.they will probably be able to communicate with each other. Cars will slow down by themselves or stop in4.(danger) situations.What’s more we will never d5.! Our brains will be put onto computers and we can live forever. The computers of 6.future won’t look like machine. They’ll look like7..By 2050 there will be less8.(pollute). The factories will be 9.(build)on the moon and other planets. We will be able to spend holidays on Mars and be back 10.spaceship in just a few days.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、In Italy, a show about Ancient Chinese Illustrations(插画), held over March 25-29, attracted many of the local peopleas well as tourists.The organizers (组织者)spent more than two years collecting and preparing for the show. It’s said that the illustrations were a form of ancient Chinese art, whose history can be turned back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907). With the development of science and technology, illustrations developed rapidly during the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. The illustrations were easy to understand for everyone, even the one who was unable to read or write. What’s more, they could help the words be more lively and interesting although they were black and white. One of the greatest valuable collections is from the Diamond Sutra(金刚经), also one of the earliest illustrated books in China.__________________. Most ancient Chinese illustrations were about supernatural beings(神仙), wise men such as Confucius and Lao-tzu, plants, animals, rivers, and mountains, as well as clothes which people wore for a certain ceremony (仪式) at that time, and astrological predictions(星象占卜) for farming and personal life. Some key characters from classical culture were also described, such as the Monkey King from Journey to the West, Zhuge Liang from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.Margo Lombardo, one of the government officials said at the op ening ceremony of the show on March 25: “This is a wonderful chance for our local people to learn about Chinese illustration and its long history. We can enjoy the greatest work and get to know a friendly country better.”1.The Chinese illustration art started in ________.A.the Han Dynasty B.the Tang DynastyC.the Song Dynasty D.the Yuan Dynasty2.The missing sentence in Para.3 might be “________”.A.Chinese illustration has a long historyB.There are many excellent Chinese artistsC.Ancient Chinese illustrations covered almost everything in our lifeD.There were many traditional Chinese stories which were educational3.According to the passage, we can know that ________.A.both people in Italy and the tourists enjoyed the showB.it took the organizers two years to collect and prepare for the showC.the Diamond Sutra is one of the earliest illustrated books in EnglishD.the show is a good chance for local people in Italy to learn how to make illustrations4.The best title of the passage is ________.A.An Ancient Chinese Show B.The Greatest Art FormC.Ancient Chinese Illustrations D.The Earliest IllustrationsBThe Ant BullyActors: Julia Roberts (Voice),Nicolas Cage (Voice) Language: EnglishRunning time: 1hour and 25minutes Price: Weekdays -- $30 (adults)$15 (Children under 7) Weekends -- $40 (adults)$20 (Children under 7) James: I really enjoyed this movie. It’s a fun movie for the whole family. I had really good laughs and enjoyed being there.Sam: I would recommend(推荐)this movie to everyone. Whether you go with your family or friends, I think this movie has something you will really enjoy!John: I’ve seen several movies of this kind, but this one is the best. It is so well made – some of the scenes are so beautiful.Mary: I went to see this movie with my 9 - year – old daughter this Tuesday, really without knowing too much about. My daughter and I were pleasantly surprised at how funny it was. We just couldn’t help laughing. I would recommend this movie to the whole family.1.From the poster, what language is spoken in the movie ?A.Chinese B.English C.Japanese 2.How long does the movie last?A.75 minutes B.85 minutes C.95 minutes 3.Why does John like the movie ?A.Because it’s a fun movie for the whole family.B.Because the movie has something he enjoys.C.Because it is well made – some of the scenes are so beautiful.4.How much did Mary and her daughter spend on the movie?A.60 dollars. B.80 dollars C.45 dollars. 5.What kind of movie is Ant Bully?A.It’s a sad movie.B.It’s an action movie. C.It’s a fun movie.C15、1.The First News comes out_____________ .A.every day B.every week C.every month D.every year2.Mr Smith orders 6-month First News in 2016 and one-year First News in 2017 today, how much will he pay? A.£34.99B.£58.99C.£82.99D.£93.983.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.First News is helpful to children.B.There are many interesting stories in First News.C.First News is a newspaper in the traditional style.D.Y ou need to go to the post office to get your First News.D16、This year, the marathon in my hometown, a small city near New York, took place in the hottest month. My job was to follow behind the runners to see if any of them needed medical care.“We should stay behind the last r unner, so take it slowly,” I said to the driver, Bob.“Let's hope that the last runner is fast!” He laughed.Soon the front runners started to disappear, and I saw a woman in a white T-shirt.“Bob, look!”We knew we were already watching our “last runner”. She was different from the others because of her age.“I think she is over 60, too old for any sports match. How can she finish a marathon?” Bob said.We watched in silence as she slowly moved forward. We would move forward a little, then stop and wait for her. Then we would move a little bit more.As I watched her try to put one foot in front of the other, I found my heart beating for her. I wanted her to stop, but at the same time, I hoped that she wouldn't.Soon she was the only runner that we could see. She was so great! For her, it wasn't about beating the other runners or winning something; it was about finishing what she had decided to do.Later in my life, when I think things are too difficult, I will think of the woman—the last runner.By the way, she did make it to the finish line that day, when the other runners and the cheering crowds had long gone home.1.According to the passage, the event may happen in ________.A.Febrary B.April C.July D.November2.According to the passage, what do you think the author might be?A.A teacher. B.A policeman. C.A doctor. D.A sportsman.3.From the passage, we know that ________.A.the author was angry with the last runnerB.the author learned something from the last runnerC.the last runner didn't make it to the finish line in the endD.some runners gave up during the match4.Which of the following is TRUE?A.The woman was a person with a strong mind.B.The woman was both disabled and old.C.The woman was foolish to join in the match.D.The woman had taken part in marathons many times.5.What is the best title for the passage?A.Beating Others B.Learning from OthersC.An Exciting Marathon D.The Last RunnerE17、Pocket money means that you have money in your pocket(口袋)that you can spend. You may get a regular amount of money from your parents or grandparents , for example , every week or once a month.How much pocket money should you get ? That depends on what your parents or grandparents can afford, how many kids there are in your family and how old you are . A little primary school kid may get one yuan , but older children would get more . Each family is different.Many parents or grandparents give kids pocket money so that their kids can :★use the money to buy things that they want .★learn to find out how much things cost .★learn to look after money well .★learn to shop around for the best price★ learn to save their pocket money for the future.★ learn what is worth (值得)buying.It is difficult tohandlemoney . If you spend all of your money too quickly ,you will not be able to buy the necessary things that you will need in the future life . If you always save money , you will not get many nice things that you really like . Try to use your pocket money in the right way and you will always get something good.1.Usually kids can get their pocket money from their _____.A.parents B.friendsC.parents or grandparents D.Teachers2.What can not influence how much pocket money kids get ?_____.A.The kids' ages B.The kids' gradesC.The salary (薪水)D.the number of kids in a family .3.The underlined word “ handle ” means _____.A.pick up B.deal with C.buy D.save4.Parents hope that their children _____instead of only buying what they want .A.learn to handle their pocket moneyB.save their pocket moneyC.learn to buy thingsD.know how to shop5.The writer writes the passage mainly to tell us _____.A.what pocket money meansB.we should get more pocket moneyC.to save more and more pocket money.D.handling pocket money is useful.F18、Long long ago, there was a swan(天鹅) with gold feathers. She lived in a lake. A woman lived in a small house near the lake with her two daughters. They were very poor. They worked hard all year round, but still, they lived a hard life and sometimes they even didn’t have enough m oney to buy food.The swan was sad to see that. She said to herself, “I’ll give one of my feathers to them each day, then they can live a happy life with the money selling my feathers.” That evening, she flew to the poor woman’s house and left a golden feather on the table without saying anything. From then on , the swan came every day and gave them a feather. The woman was very happy because their life was much better than before.But day after day, the woman became greedy(贪婪的). She said to her daughters, “The swan may fly away one day. If so, we will be poor again. We should take all her feathers when she comes next time.”“Oh no, Mom!” cried the daughters. “This will hurt the swan. She helps us a lot!” But the mother wouldn’t listen. When the swan came as usual, the mother caught her and took all her feathers. But suddenly, the golden feathers changed into chicken feathers.Then, the golden swan said, “Poor Mother, I came to help you, but you wanted to kill me. Now, I am leaving and will never come back. N ever be greedy!” With these words, the swan flew away.根据材料内容选择最佳答案,并将其标号填入题前括号内。

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2015年初中升学调研测试(一)数学试卷考生须知:1.本试卷满分为120分,考试时间为120分钟。

2.答题前,考生先将自己的“姓名”、“考号”、“考场”、“座位号”在答题卡上填写清楚,将“条形码”准确粘贴在条形码区域內。

3.请按照题号的顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草纸、试题纸上答题无效。

4.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0。

5毫米的黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。

5.保持卡面整洁,不要折叠、不要弄脏、不要弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第Ⅰ卷选择题(共30分)(涂卡)一、选择题(每小题3分.共计30分)1.一辆汽车从P站出发向东行驶40千米,然后再向西行驶30千米,此时汽车的位置是在( ).(A)P站东70千米 (B)P站东10千米 (C)P站西10千米 (D)P站西70千米2.最新统计,中国注册志愿者总数已超30000000人,30000000用科举记数法表示为( ).(A)3×107(B)3×106 (C)30×106 (D)3×1053.下列的平面几何图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是( ).(A)圆弧 (B)角 (C)扇形 (D)菱形4.下列计算正确的是( ).(A)x+x=x2, (B)x·x=2x (C)2x·x2=2x3 (D)x6÷x3=x25.由5个完全相同的小正方体组合成一个立体图形如图所示,它的左视图是( ).6.如图,若等边△ABC的内切圆⊙O的半径是2,则△ABC的面积是( ).7.同时抛掷两枚质地均匀的正方体骰子,骰子的六个面上分别刻有1到6的点数,下列事件中的不可能事件是( ).(A)点数之和小于4 (B)点数之和为10(C)点数之和为14 (D)点数之和大于5且小于9 8.已知直线y=x+1与反比例函数y=kx的图象的一个交点为P(a ,2),则ak 的值为( ). (A)2 (B) 12 (C)-2 (D)- 129.如图,已知点D 是等腰直角△ABC 斜边AB 的中点,M 是边BC 上的点,将△DBM 沿DM 折叠,点B 的对称点E 落在直线AC 的左侧,EM 交边AC 于点F ,ED 交边AC 于点G ,若△FCM 的周长为16,则斜边AB 的长为( ).10.甲、乙两车从A 地驶向B 地,并以各自的速度匀速行驶,甲车比乙车早行驶2h ,并且甲车途中休息了0.5h(甲车休息前后的速度相同),甲、乙两车行驶的路程y(km)与行驶的时间x(h)的函数图象如图所示.根据图象的信息有如下四个说法:①甲车行驶40千米时开始休息; ②乙车行驶3.5小时与甲车相遇;③甲车比乙车晚2.5小时到达B 地;④两车相距50km 时乙车行驶了134小时. 其中正确的说法有( ).(A)1个 (B)2个 (C)3个 (D)4个第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共90分)二、填空题(包小题3分.共计30分) 11= . 12.在函数y=122xx --中,自变量x 的取值范围是 . 13.把多项式3am 2-6amn+3an 2,分解因式的结果是 .14.不等式组21321x x +⎧⎨-⎩≥<的解集是 .15.若将抛物线y=x 2沿着x 轴向左平移1个单位,再沿y 轴向下平移1个单位,则得到的新拋物线与x 轴的交点横坐标是x 1=-2,x 2= .16.已知,△ABC 的中线AD 与中线BE 相交于点F ,若DF=2,则AD 的长是 . 17.如图,在正方形ABCD 中,点E 、F 分别在AB 、AD 边上,且BE=AF ,连接CE 、BF ,它们相交于点G ,点H 为线段BE 的中点,连接GH ,若∠EHG=43∠DCE ,则∠ABF 是 度. 18.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,半径为2的⊙P 的圆心P 的坐标为(-3,O),若将⊙P 沿x 轴正方向平移,使⊙P 与y 轴相切,则平移的距离为 .19.如图,在△ABC 中,AB ⊥BC ,将△ABC 沿着AC 折叠,得到△ADC ,点M,N 分别在AB 、AD 边上,且AM=AN=13AB ,连接MN ,若∠BAD=60°,则tan ∠MNC 的值为 . 20.如图,在四边形ABCD 中,AB=2,B=90°,∠C=120°,则线段AD 的长为 .三、解答题(其中21—22题各7分,23—24题各8分,25—27题各10分.共计60分) 21.(本题满分7分)先化简,再求代数式221m n m n m n ⎛⎫÷- ⎪-+⎝⎭的值,其中m=2cos45°+sin60°,n=cos30°.22.(本题满分7分)在边长为1的小正方形网格中,△AOB 的顶点均在格点上.(1)将△AOB 向左平移3个单位长度得到△A 101B 1,请在网格坐标系中画出△A 101B 1,并直接写出点B 的对应点B 1的坐标; (2)在(1)的条件下,将△A 101B 1绕原点0逆时针旋转90°得到△A 202B 2,请在网格坐标系中画出△A 202B 2 .23.(本题满分8分)某校社会活动实践小组的同学们为了解2015年教工小区家庭月平均用水情况,随机调查了该小区部分家庭,并将调查数据整理成如下的统计表和直方图.根据上述的数据整理信息,请解答以下问题:(1)求出统计表中m,n的值;(2)把频数分布直方图补充完整;(3)若该小区有1500户家庭,根据调查数据估计,该小区月平均用水量超过20t的家庭大约有多少户?24.(本题满分8分)如图,在坡角为30°的山坡上有一铁塔AB,其正前方矗立着一大型广告牌,当阳光与水平线成45°角时,测得铁塔AB落在斜坡上的影子BD的长为6米,落在广告牌上的影子CD的长为4米.(1)求广告牌与铁塔AB之间的水平距离;(2)求铁塔AB的高。

(注:图中AB,CD均与水平面垂直,结果保留根号)25.(本题满分10分)节能电动车越来越受到人们的喜爱,新开发的各种品牌电动车相继投放市场,涛伟车行经营的A型节能电动车去年销售总额为m万元,今年每辆丑型节能电动车的销售价比去年降低2000元.若今年和去年卖出的节能电动车的数量相同(同一型号的节能电动车每辆的销售价格相同),则今年的销售总额将比去年减少20%.(1)今年丑型节能电动车每辆售价多少万元?(用列方程的方法解答)(2)涛伟车行清明节后计划新购进一批A型节能电动车和新款B型节能电动车,进货时,每购进3辆节能电动车,批发商就给车行返回1500元.若新款B型节能电动车的进货数量是A型节能电动车的进货数量的2倍,全部销售获得的利润不少于18万元,且今年A、B两种型号节能电动车的进货和销售价格如下表:那么新款B型节能电动车至少要购进多少辆?26.(本题满分10分)已知,⊙O经过矩形ABCD的四个顶点,过点B作BK⊥AC,垂足为K.过点D作DH∥KB,DH分别与AC、AB、⊙0及CB的延长线相交于点E、F、G、H.(1)如图l,求证:AE=CK;(2)如图2,连接AH,GB,若F是EG的中点,求证:四边形BKEG为矩形,并求出tan∠HAC的值;(3)在(2)的条件下,已知GH的长.27.(本题满分10分)如图l,在平面直角坐标系中,点0为坐标原点,直线y=-x+3与x轴、y轴相交于B、C两点,抛物线y=ax2+bx+3经过点B,且与x轴负半轴相交于点A,且BO=3A0.(1)求抛物线y=ax2+bx+3的解析式;(2)如图2,抛物线的顶点为D,对称轴交x轴于H,点P是抛物线上对称轴DH右侧一点,过P作对称轴DH的垂线PE,垂足为E,设PE长为m,,DE=d,求出d与m之间的函数关系式(不要求写出自变量m的取值范围);(3)在(2)的条件下,如图3,连接PC、BD,它们相交于点G,点F在DH上,过点F作DH 的垂线交抛物线于M、N两点(点M在点N的左侧),若CG=BG,且∠MPN=90°,求点N的坐标.2015年初中升学考试调研测试(一)数 学 试 卷 参 考 答 案 及 评 分 标 准一、选择题(每小题3分,共计30分)二、填空题(每小题3分,共计30分)三、解答题(21—22题各7分,23—24各8分,25—27题各10分,共计60分) 21.(本题满分7分)解:原式=nm m n m n m n m m n m n n m n m n m m -=+⨯+-=+-+÷+-1))(())((.....................................4分23,23223222=+=+⨯=n m ...............................................................................................2分∴原式=2221232321=-+..........................................................................................................1分22.(本题满分7分) (1)画图正确...............................................................................................................................................3分B 1坐标为)2,0(....................................................................................................................................1分 (2)画图正确.................................................................................................................................................3分 23.(本题满分8分)(1)解:5012.06=÷(户),1224.050=⨯=m ,1632.050=⨯=n (户).....................................3分 (2)补图正确..................................................................................................................................................2分(3)解:18)20.032.024.012.01(1500=----⨯ (户)..............................................2分∴估计该小区月平均用水量超过20t 的家庭大约有180户...............................................................1分 24.(本题满分8分)(1)过点D 作AB 的垂线交AB 的延长线点H. 在△BDH 中 ∵DH 与水平线平行∴∠BDH=30°.....................................................................1分 ∴3362330cos cos =∴===︒=∠DH DHBD DH BDH (米)..............................................3分即广告牌与铁塔AB 之间的水平距离为33米.(2)由(1)可知362130sin sin =∴===︒=∠BH BHBD BH BDH (米) 过点C 作AB 的垂线,垂足为点K.在△ACK 中 ∵CK 与水平线平行∴∠ACK=45°...................................1分∴∠CAK=∠ACK=45° ∴AK=CK在四边形CDHK 中 ︒=∠=∠=∠∴90//HDC KHD CKH HK CD∴四边形CDHK 为矩形 ∴KH=CD=4(米)CK=DH=33(米).............................................................................................................................2分∵AH=AB+HB=AK+HK ∴1334333+=∴+=+AB AB .................................................................................................1分∴铁塔AB 的高为)133(+米. 25.(本题满分10分)解:(1)设今年A 型节能电动车每辆售价为x 万元. 依题意可得方程:xmx m%)201(100002000-=+...............................................................3分解得8.0=x ................................................................1分经检验:8.0=x 是原方程的解. ..............................................................................................................1分 答:今年A 型节能电动车每辆的售价为0.8万元. (2)设A 型节能电动车要购进a 辆. 依题意可得18100001500322)7.02()55.08.0(≥⨯++⨯-+⨯-aa a a ..................................3分解得(第24题图)6≥a............................................................................................ 1分∴2a的最小值为12 ∴新型B型节能电动车至少要购进12辆....................................1分26.(本题满分10分)(1)如图1,在矩形ABCD中,AD=BC,AD//BC ∴∠DAE=∠BCE ..............................................1分∵BK//DH∴∠HEK=∠BKC=∠AED=90° ............................................................................1分∴△AED≌△CKB∴AE=CK ...............................................................................1分(2)如图2,∵四边形BCDG为⊙O的内接四边形∴∠DGB+DCB=180°∴∠BGD=180°-90°=90°.................................................................................................. ................1分∴∠BKE=90°=∠BGE=∠GEK=90°∴四边形是BGEK是矩形..........................................................................1分∵∠AEF=∠BGF =90°,EF=FG,∠AFE=∠BFG∴△AEF≌△BGF ∴AE=BG AF=BF∴AE=BG=EK=CK ∵BK//EH ∴CK:EK=CB:HB∴CB=HB ∴AB是CH的垂直平分线∴AH=AC=3AE在△AHE中∠AEH=90°∴222AHEHAE=+∴AEEH22=∴tan∠HAC=22=AEEH...................................................................................................... ...............2分(3)由(2)可知AH=AC=3AE=26∴AE=22∴HE=8........................................................1分∵BG//EC ∴HG:GE=HB:BC∴HG=GE=421=HE........................................................2分27.(本题满分10分)解:(1)依题意可知,点B、C的坐标分别是(3,0)、(0,3)∵OB=3OA,点A在x轴的负半轴上∴点A的坐标为(-1,0)..................................................1分根据题意得⎩⎨⎧+-⨯+-⨯=+⨯+⨯=3)1()1(0333022b a b a .........................................................................................1分 解得⎩⎨⎧=-=21b a ∴所求抛物线的解析式为322++-=x x y ........................................................1分(2)如图1,由(1)中的抛物线可知,顶点D 的坐标为(1,4) ∴DH=4 ∵点P 在抛物线上,PE 与对称轴垂直,PE=m ∴点P 的横坐标分别为m+1 代入抛物线的解析式得43)1(2)1(22+-=++++-=m m m y∴点P 的坐标为)4,1(2+-+m m .............................................................................................................2分过点P 作x 轴的垂线,垂足为Q ∵∠PEH=∠PQH=∠EHQ=90° ∴四边形PEHQ 为矩形∴EH=PQ=42+-m∴d=DE=DH-EH=22)4(4m m=+--………………………….……….1分(3)如图2,连接PF由(2)可知点E 的坐标为)4,1(2+-m设FM=FN=n 可知点N 的坐标为)4,1(2+-+n n ∴点F 的坐标为)4,1(2+-n∴2222)4()4(m n n m EF -=+--+-=∵∠MPN=90°,F 是斜边MN 的中点 ∴PF=FN =n 在Rt △PEF 中,由勾股定理可得 222PF EF PE=+ ∴22222)(n m n m =-+∴22222)(m n m n -=- ∴EF EF =2∴1=EF ...............................................................1分 连接OG 交DH 于点T.在△OCG 与△OBG 中 ∵OC=OB=3,OG=OG ,CG=BG ∴△OCG ≌△OBG ∴∠COG=∠BOG=45° ∴TH=OH=1 ∴T (1,1) 可求直线OT 的解析式为y=x ∴点G 在直线y=x 上 设直线BD 的解析式为b kx y += ∴⎩⎨⎧+=+=bk b k 304解得⎩⎨⎧=-=62b k ∴直线BD 的解析式为62+-=x y∵点G 在BD 上 ∴点G 的坐标为(2,2)..........................................................................................1分 设直线GC 的解析式为11b x k y +=∴⎩⎨⎧+==111223b k b 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=32111b k ∴直线CG 的解析式为321+-=x y∵点P 在直线CG 上 ∴可设点P 的坐标为)321,(+-x x ∴323212++-=+-x x x 解得25(舍),021==x x ∴满足要求的点P的坐标为)47,25(.............................................................................................................1分 ∴点N 的纵坐标为43147=-∴4342=+-n ∵ 0>n ∴213=n ∴点N的坐标为)43,1213(+....................................................................................................................1分(以上各解答题如有不同解法并且正确,请按相应步骤给分)。

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