高考英语新题型概要写作

在16世纪时，欧洲一些国家特别是英法两国中的 皇室贵族们对于“dirt”的态度。
Though the belief in the merit( 好处) of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good for health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea, clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
besides, thus, therefore, yet, however.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内 容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
Since the 18th century, people have developed the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease.
(用 develop代替 regard, prevent disease代替 is good for health)
Sep 3 合并改写，润色升级 第一部分： However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (对原要点语义转换)
第二部分： In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.
第三部分： Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good for health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.
contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家)， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter
position is gaining some ground.
在18世纪时，人们对于“dirt”态度发生的变化。
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist ( 免 疫 学 家 ) ， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong Immune system. And the latter( 后 者 ) position Is gaining some ground.
第四部分: Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免 疫学家)， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune system.
人们对污垢的态度不是一成不变的。
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
高考英语新题型
概要写作
I. 什么是概ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ写作
1. 命题形式是：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考 试基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2. 概要写作属于限制性写作，是阅读理解和书面表 达的有机结合。所给短文以说明文、议论文为主。
3. 概要写作实质是考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括 能力。考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获 取关键词的能力。同时，考查考生用简洁的语言 概括文章重要信息的能力，以及对文章整体结构 的把握能力。
Step 2 删繁就简，提炼要点
第一部分： However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
第二部分： In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.
现在人们虽然仍对“dirt”持有不同的观点，但是 却有越来越多的人认为在“dirt”中玩耍可以帮助人 们建立一个强大的免疫系统。
Step 1 通读全文，理清结构
① 主旨大意：文章一共有4段，是按照时间顺序、总一分的方 式来陈述人们在不同时期对于“dirt'”的不同观点。基本 可以确定 attitudes、dirt和time为全文的关键词。
cleaning away dirt is good for health. Clean water
supply and hand washing are practical means of
preventing disease. 第四部分: Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. On the
II. 概要写作四项原则
1. 使用第三人称 2. 不加入自己的观点 3. 不对原文内容加以评论 4. 不加入与原文无关的信息
III. 写作步骤
1. 通读全文，理清结构 1）阅读并抓住主题，提取主旨大意，即有关主题 的主要内容或者作者在该主题上的观点或主张。 2）确定段落主旨句时，应兼顾语篇大背景，即在 全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨。 3）不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句，有的 需要你自己去归纳、概括。
3. 合并改写，润色提升 1）将联系紧密的信息合并在一起，同一层级的主 旨句不宜合并在一起。
2） 改写句子的方法： （1）近义词、同义词替换 （2）词性替换 （3）主动变被动，被动变主动 （4） 正话反说，反话正说 （5）更换句子结构
4. 连句成文 连贯上优先考虑最短连接词but, then, later, finally,
第三部分： Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking,
In the early 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (用 help do sth.代替be a means to do sth, protect against 代替block out)
② 文章结构：全文分为四个部分。 第一部分 (第一段)：人们对污垢的态度不是一成不变的。 第二部分 (第二段)：在16世纪时，欧洲一些国家特别是英 法 两 国 中 的 皇 室 贵 族 们 对 于 “ dirt ” 的态度。
第三部分 (第三段)：在18世纪时，人们对于“dirt”态度发 生的变化。
第四部分 (第四段)：现在人们虽然仍对“dirt”持有不同的 观点，但是却有越来越多的人认为在 “ dirt ” 中 玩 耍 可 以 帮 助 人 们 建 立 一 个强大的免疫系统。
( 用 today 代 替 nowadays, 用 sharply 代 替 hugely, 用 more and more people choose to believe代替 gaining some ground)
找出六要素：who, when, where, what, how, 记叙文 why; 夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来
的启示或寓意。
说明文 找出文章说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文 提取议论文的三要素：论点、论据、结论
2. 删繁就简，提炼要点 1）找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词 2） 削减事例，尽量减少实事并省略细节