全翻译-Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion in liver transplantation
医学翻译词汇十二
医学翻译词汇十二minipump 微型真空泵miniscope 微型示波器ministry of foreign trade 外贸部ministry of public health 卫生部minitype 微型，小型minor 较小的，辅助的minor electro-surgical unit 小型手术电凝器minor forceps 小钳minor’s tremor pickup 米诺氏震颤传感器minus 减的，负的minus lens 负透镜，凹透镜minute ①分钟②微小的，精密的minute volume (abbr. mv) 分钟量（每分钟肺呼出气体量）mio(million) 百万，北miophone 肌音听测器mirror 镜，反光镜mirror haploscope 镜面式视轴测定器mirror image 裂隙灯像，镜像mis- 错误，不利misadjustment 失调，误调谐misclmisc(miscellany) 杂物miscarriage pipet 流产吸引管602mischance 故障，障碍miscible 可混合的misc medical supplies 医疗设备杂品misconnection 错接，误接mismatch （使）失配，失谐，不重合missile 投射器mission 任务，使命mist 雾，湿气mistranslation 错译，译误mist tent 喷雾帐篷mist separator 湿气分离器mist spray 喷雾mist extractor 湿气提取器mitella 臂吊带mitochondrial oscillator 线粒体振荡器mitral 二尖瓣的mitral inadequacy 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral stenosis valvuliotome 二尖瓣狭窄手术心瓣膜刀mitral valve dilator 二尖瓣瓣膜扩张器mitral valve scissors 二尖瓣膜扩张器mitten 连指手套（拇指分开，其它四指连在一起）mix 混合603mixer 混合器，调拌器mixer-granulator 混合制粒机mixer mill 混合磨mixing tablet 调合板mixture 混合，混合物mixture indicator 混合物成分指示器mmf (maximum midexpiratoryflow) 最大呼气中期流速mm.hg (milimetres of mercury) 毫米汞柱（压力单位，等于1/760 大气压）m-mode echocardiography m-型超声心动图机mm.p.p. (millimetres partial pressure) 毫米汞柱分压mn(manganese) 锰mmeme 记忆力mo(molybdenum) 钼mobile 移动的，流动的mobile mass radiography 流动集体x 射线检查mobile recorder 移动或记录器mobile type x-ray unit 流动式x 光机mobile x-ray condenser discharge unit 电容放电式流动x 光机mobility 运动性，移动性mobilometer 淌度计mock-up 模型，模型机modality ①形式，方式②物理疗法，物理治疗设备604mode 方式，模型model 型号，模型，样品model alloy 模型合金model former 成模器modelling compound 印模膏model machine 样机model trimmer 模型修整器modem 调制解调器mode number 模数moder 脉冲编码装置moderator 缓和器，减速器modern 现代的，近代的modernization 现代化modified bone clamp 骨固定夹modified circumflex scissors 变型卷曲剪modified vascular clamp 变型血管夹modifier 调节器modify 改变，限制modulation 调节，调整，适应modulation level 调制电平modulator 调节器，调幅器modle 模数，组件605moist 湿的，潮湿的moist dressing 湿敷料moistener 湿润器moist heat sterilizer 湿热灭菌器moisture 潮湿，湿度，水分moisture analyser 湿度分析仪moisture balance 测湿度天平moisture evolution analyzer 湿气散出分析器，水分放出分析器moisture meter 湿度计moistureproof 防潮的moisture resistant 防潮的moisture test apparatus 水分测定仪moisture tester 水分试验器moisture trap 除潮器，脱水器mole ①克分子②模molectron 集成电路，组合件molecular distillation apparatus 分子蒸溜器molecular still 分子蒸溜器molecular structure instruments 生物分子结构分析仪器molecular weight (abbr. mol. wt) 分子量molecular weight apparatus 分子量测定仪molecule 分子606molybdenum(abbr. mo) 钼moment ①瞬间，片刻②力矩momentary 瞬时的，暂时的moment of force 力矩monangle 单角器（牙科）monday(abbr. mon.) 星期一money 金钱，货币monitor 监护仪，监视器，探测器monitor controller 监控仪monitor for photography 摄像用监视器monitoring catheters 监护用导管monitoring oscilloscope 监测示波器，监视镜monitoring station 监测台monitoring system 病人监护系统monitor-scope 监护示波器monitor screen 监视屏monocardiogram 心电向量图，向量图monochord 单音听觉器monochrouic 单色的monochromatic 单色的，单染色的monochromatic light 单色光monochromatic objective 单色物镜607monochromatic rays 单色射线monochromator ①单色器②单色镜monochrome ①单色②单色镜片monochromic 单色的monocle ①单眼镜②单眼绷带monocrystal silicon 单晶硅monocular 单眼的，单目镜的monocular ear microscope 单管窥耳显微镜monocular indirct ophthalmoscope 单目间接检目镜monocular microscope 单目显微镜monocular tube 单筒目镜monoculus 单眼绷带monocyte 单核细胞，单核白细胞m onograph ①专题论文②记录monomer 单体，单分子物体monomodal oscillator 单峰振荡器monophase 单相的monophone 送受话器monopolar 单极的monopolar forceps 单极钳monopoly ①专利权②垄断，独占monoscope 单象管，存储管式示波器608monoterminal 单极的monovalent element 一价元素montage ①安装，装配②剪辑画面month 月份，月monthly ①每月的②月刊mop ①拖把，拖布②刷mope-eyed 近视的morbidity 发病，发病率morgue 停尸室，太平间morpho- 形，形态morphology 形态学morr’s burette 摩尔氏滴定管mortal 致死率mortality 死亡率mortar 乳钵，研钵mortar-grinder 研磨器mortuary 停尸房，太平间mortuary refrigerator 尸体冷藏柜mosaic structure 镶嵌型结构mosm (milliosmol) 毫渗（一个渗透压的千分之一）mosquito clamp 蚊嘴夹，蚊嘴钳mosquito forceps 蚊式止血钳609motarium 绒布（外科用布）motile 自动的，能动的motion 运转，运动，机动motionless 固定的，不活动的motoceptor 运动感受器motometer 转数计motor 马达，电动机motor analysor 运动分析器motor-driven arc therapy unit 电动式电弧治疗装置motor-driven operating table 电动手术台motor-driven surgery instruments 电动手术器motor for the dental laboratory 牙科技工室马达motor generator 电动发电机motorgraphic 描记运动的motormeter 运动力计motor pump 马达泵motor rescue boat 机动救护船motor stirrer 电动搅拌器motortherapy 运动疗法mould 模型moulded tablet 模印片moulding compound 牙科油泥610mould paste 印模膏，打样膏mount 支架，座，装置mountain 山，高山mouse cage 鼠笼mouse tooth forceps 鼠牙钳mouth 口，嘴mouth adapter 口用麻醉接头mouth blowpipe 吹火管（牙科用）mouth gag 开口器，张口器mouth jaw 张口器mouth lamp 口腔灯mouth mirror 口腔镜mouthpiece 牙垫，接口管，口器mouthpiece tubing 接口吸管mouth prop 张口器mouth shade 口罩mouth speculum 窥口器，口腔镜movable support 可动支架movement ①运动，移动②机构，机械装置mover ①搬运车②发动机movie 影片，电影（院）moving boundary electrophoresis 移动区带电泳611moving film camera 电影摄影机moving grid 活动x 线滤线栅moving-iron type hot stylus recorder 热笔描绘动铁式记录器moxa 灸料，灼烙剂moxosphyra 灸锤mrna (messenger ribonucleic acid) 信使核糖核酸mri(magnetic resonance imaging) 磁共振成像技术m-scan echocardiogram m 型扫描超声心动图mt (microtome) 切片机mucilage 胶水mucosa 粘膜mucotome 粘膜刀mucous membrane knife 鼻粘膜刀mucous plug 宫颈粘液塞mu-factor 放大系数，放大率muff 袖套，套筒muffle electric furnace 电热炉muffler 消音器，减声器mug 有柄杯，大杯mules’s scoop 谬耳斯氏眼刮匙mull 软布mulla 药布612mull dressing 软布敷料muller 平底乳钵（研磨器）multi- 多，多数multibeam oscilloscope 多束示波器multicavity magnetron 多腔磁控管multichannel 多信道的，多路的multichannel amplifier 多通道放大器multichannel analyzer ①（针灸用）多经分析器②多波道分析器multichannel monitor 多道监视器multichannel oscilloscope 多线示波器multichannel recorder 多道记录器multi-crystal scanning gammacamer 多晶体扫描伽玛照像机multidiaphragm collimator 多叶集光筒multi-direction planigraphic device 多方向平面摄影装置multiformat camera 多规格照相机multiformat gamma camera 多幅伽玛照像机multiformat changing device 多幅幻灯片变换装置multifunctional 多功能的multifunction generator 多功能发生器multifunction system 多功能系统multi-heads curette 多头刮匙multi-heads tooth forceps 多头拔牙钳613multiimage 重复图像multi-input 多端输入multi-level 多能极的multilocular 多腔的multiloop 多回路的，多匝的，多环的multimeter 万用表multimicroelectrode 微电极组multi-orbit tomographic unit 多轨迹断层摄影机multipath 多通道的，多途径的multi-pen recorder 多笔式记录器multiphasic screening 多项普检（以多种方式检诊）multiplane tomographic scanner 多平面断层扫描仪multiplanimat 多轨迹体层摄影装置（商品名）multiple aliquot sample harvester 多用等分试样标本采集器multiple electronic acupunctoscope 多用电子的位测定治疗仪multiple point electrode 多头电极multiple screening 多项普检（以多种方式检诊）multiple sheet filter 多层滤器multiple stethoscope 多管听诊器（教学用）multiplexer ①多路扫描装置，多路调制器②倍增器multiplicator 倍增器multiplier 乘法器，倍增器614multiplier tube 倍增管multiply 增加，扩大multipoint combustible gas alarm 多点可燃气体报警器multipoint indicator 多点指示器multipoint trend recorder 多点式病情趋向记录器multipole 多极的multiprobe detector 多探头检测器multipurpose 多用途的，万用的multipurpose clamp 多用夹multipurpose computer 通用计算机multipurpose electroacupuncture apparatus 综合电针仪multipurpose electrostimulator 多用电刺激器multiopurpose operating table 综合手术台multipurpose oscilloscope 多用示波器multipurpose peripheral vascular retractor 多用外周血管牵开器multipurpose polygraph 多导生理记录仪multipurpose retractor 多用牵开器multipurpose scanning microscope 多用途扫描显微镜multipurpose scintillation counter 多用途闪烁计数器multipurpose therapy unit 综合治疗机muotipurpose tractor 多用牵引器multipurpose ultrasonic diagnostic equipment 多用途超声诊断仪615multirange 多波段的multiscaler 万能定标器，多用定标器multiscan ultrasonic diagnostic unit 超声波断层诊断仪multispirograph 多用肺活量计multistage 多级的multistage amplifier 多级放大器multiterminal electrode 多端电极multivibrator 多谐振荡器multiway socket 多脚插座murmur 杂音muscle 肌muscle biopsy 肌肉活组织检查muscle booster 肌肉助力器muscle boosting device 肌肉助力装置muscle clamp 肌肉夹，肌肉钳muscle forceps 肌肉镊（眼科）muscle hook 肌钩muscle stimulator 肌肉刺激器mush 噪音，干扰mushroom catheter 蕈头导管music 音乐muslin 细薄棉布，软棉布616muslin bag 棉布袋mutable 易变的，不定的mutual 相互的，不定的mv(millivolt) 毫伏mv(minute volume) 每分钟量（每分钟肺呼出气体量）mve(mitral valve echogram) 二尖瓣回波描记图mvv(maximum voluntary ventilation) 最大随意通气量myasthenia 有无力mycology 真菌学，霉菌学mydriasis 瞳孔放大，散瞳myel-;myelo- 骨髓，脊髓myelin nucleus drill 髓核钻myelogram 脊髓x 射线造影片myelography 脊髓x 射线造影术myeloid biopsy needle 骨髓活检针myeloscintigram 脊髓闪烁图myelotome 脊髓刀mylar 聚酯薄膜myo- 肌肉myocardial 心肌的myocardial bloptome 心肌活检刀myocardial electrode 心肌电极617myocardiogram 心肌运动描记图myocardiograph 心肌运动描记器myocardium 心肌myochronoscope 肌动时间测定器，肌兴奋时间测定器myocinesimeter 肌收缩计，肌动计myoculator 眼肌运动矫正器myodynamia 肌力myodynamometer 肌力计myoglobin 肌红蛋白myogram 肌动（描记）图myograph 肌动描记器myographion 肌记纹鼓myography 肌动描记法myohaemoglobin(abbr. mhb) 肌红蛋白myokinesimeter 肌收缩力计myoma forceps 肌瘤钳myomatome 肌瘤刀myometer 肌收缩计，肌力计myoneural junction 神经肌肉接点myophone 肌音听诊器myopia 近视myoscope 肌缩观测器618myosis 瞳孔缩小myosthenic 肌力的myosthenometer 肌力测量器myotome 肌刀myotonometer 肌张力测量器myringa 鼓膜myringoscope 鼓膜镜myringotome 鼓膜刀mze(microzone electrophoresis) 微区带电泳mzis(medical interpretative information system) 医学解释的信息系统619医学词汇（n）n(nitrogen) 氮na(natrium) 钠nail ①指甲②钉子nail and wire nippers 穿钉和钢丝钳nail brush 指甲刷nail cleaner 指甲清洁器nail driver 骨髓钉打入器nail extension 导钉牵引术nail extension apparatus 穿钉牵引器mail extractor 骨穿钉拔出器nail file 指甲锉nail hammer 穿钉锤nailing 插钉术nailnippers 指甲钳nail-plate 鹅头针nail scissors 指甲剪nail set 穿针器naked 裸露的naked radiator 无保护罩散热器name 名称name of commodity 品名，货名620name of goods 品名，货名nameplate 铭牌，商标nano- 小，毫微，十亿分之一nanoammeter 毫微安计nanogram(abbr.ng) 毫微克nanoprogram 毫微程序nanoscope 毫微秒示波器，超高频示波器nanosecond 毫微秒，10-9 秒nape 项，颈背napkin 餐巾narco- 麻醉，睡眠narcology 麻醉学narcosis 麻醉narcotic ①麻醉的②麻醉剂naris 鼻孔narrow ①狭窄的②变窄，限制narrow-nouth bottle 小口瓶narrow tube 小直径管nasal 鼻的nasal airway 鼻腔导气管nasal applicator 鼻卷棉子nasal bird-shape douche 鼻用鸟形冲洗器621nasal cannula 输氧鼻管nasal catheter 鼻腔导管nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal cavity canula 鼻腔套管nasal chisel 鼻平凿nasal cotton wool carrier 鼻卷棉子nasal curet 鼻刮匙nasal cutter 鼻甲剪nasal cutting forceps 鼻咬骨钳，鼻切钳nasal dilator 鼻扩张器nasal douche 鼻用冲洗器nasal douche nozzle 鼻冲洗管嘴nasal dressing forceps 鼻敷料钳nasal endoscope 鼻镜nasal ethnoid punch forceps 鼻筛窦咬取钳nasal feeding 鼻饲法nasal feeding tube 鼻饲管nasal flat round-bladed knife 鼻用扁平圆刃刀nasal foreign body forceps 鼻异物钳nasal glass nozzle 鼻用玻璃冲洗管嘴nasal gouge 鼻圆凿nasal instruments 鼻用器械622nasal irrigator 鼻冲洗器nasal knife 鼻刀nasal mucosa knife 鼻粘膜刀nasal oxygen cannula 鼻腔给氧插管nasal periosteum elevator ①鼻骨膜起子②鼻骨膜分离器nasal plastic scissors 鼻整形剪nasal polypus forceps 鼻息肉钳nasal polypus snare 鼻息肉圈断器nasal probe 鼻探针nasal prosthesis 假鼻nasal punch forces 鼻咬取钳nasal rongeur 鼻咬骨钳nasal saw 鼻锯nasal scissors 鼻剪nasal scoop 鼻匙nasal septum 鼻中隔nasal septum cutting forceps 鼻中隔咬骨钳nasal septum gouge 鼻中隔凿nasal septum round chisel 鼻中隔圆凿nasal septum speculum 鼻中隔镜nasal snare 鼻息肉勒除器nasal speatula 鼻铲623nasal speculum 鼻镜，鼻窥器nasal sphenoid punch forceps 鼻蝶窦咬取钳nasal splint 鼻夹nasal swivel knife 鼻中隔旋转刀，鼻用转轴刀nasal tampon 鼻塞nasal tampon forceps 鼻腔填塞钳nasal tampon spring forceps 鼻腔填塞敷料弹簧镊nasal trephine 鼻环锯nasal tube 鼻管，通鼻管nasal universal forceps 鼻科通用钳naso- 鼻naso-antral 鼻窦的nasograph 鼻测量计nasographic mirror 鼻通气检验镜nasomanometer 鼻内压力计naso-pharyngeal biopsy forceps 鼻咽活检钳，鼻咽活体取样钳nasopharyngeal endoscope 鼻咽镜naso-pharyngeal fibroma dissector 鼻咽纤维瘤剥离器naso-pharynges mirror 鼻咽镜nasopharyngeal sound 鼻咽探子nasopharyngeal speculum 鼻咽部窥张器nasopharyngofiberscope 鼻咽纤维窥镜624nasopharyngoscope 鼻咽镜nasopharynx 鼻咽nasoscope 鼻镜nasoseptascope 鼻中隔镜nasotracheal tube 鼻气管插管nasus 鼻natality 出生率nation 国家，民族nation-wide 全国的，全民的native 本地的，天然的natrium(abbr. na) 钠natuary 分娩室natural impedance 特性阻抗，波阻抗nature ①性质②种类nautical mile 海里，里（=1853.2 米）navel 脐nb (niobium) 铌nd (neodymium) 钕nd yag medical caser system 钕钇铝石棉石医用激光治疗仪ne (neon) 氖nearby 附近near point reading cards 近距视力检查表625near sight 近视nearthrosis 人造关节，假关节nearultraviolet rays 近紫外线nebulization 喷雾法nebulizer (abbr.neb) 喷雾器，雾化器nec(nippon elictric company) 日本电气公司necessary ①必要的，必需的②必需品nece 颈，颈状物neck band 围颈带neck stabber 刺颈器necl tilephone 喉头送话器neck tube 颈管necro- 坏死，尸体necrobiotic rays 生物致死线（短波紫外线）necrocytosis 细胞坏死necrodochium 停尸室necrometer 尸体测量器necropsy 尸体剖检necroscopy 尸体剖检necrosis 坏死necrosis forceps 尸骨钳necrotomy ①尸体解剖②尸骨切除626need ①需要②缺乏needle 针，指针，针状needle adapter 针接头needle and syringe sterilizer 针头和注射器消毒器needle biopsy 针吸活组织检查needle box 针盒needle carrier 持针器needle case 针盒needle cutting forceps 断针钳needle electrode 针状电极needle endoscope 针状内窥镜needle file 针锉needle forceps 持针钳needle guard 针套needle handle 针柄needle holder 持针器needle holder and forceps 持针器和钳needle holding forceps 持针钳needless dermo-injector 皮下无针注射器needleless dermopressurs injector 皮下无针压力注射器needleless injector 无针注射器needle point 针尖627needle point tracer 针尖描记器（牙科）needle protector 针头保护器negation 否定，否认，反对negative ①底片，负片②负的，阴的negative blood pressure 负血压negative carbon 阴极碳棒negative cardiogram 负性心动图negative charge 阴电荷，负电荷negative electricity 阴电，负电negative electrode 负极，阴极negative feedback 负反馈negative film 照像负片，底片negative half-cycle suppressor 负半波遏抑器negative hologram 负全息图negative image 负像negative ion 阴离子，负离子negative lens 负透镜negative ocular 负目镜nagative potential 负电位negative pressure 负压negative pressure catheter 负压导管，吸引导管negative valence 负价628negatoscope 看片灯，观片灯negatron 阴电子，负电子negligible 微小的，可忽略不计的negotiation 谈判，协商neisser’s syringe 奈瑟氏尿道注射器neo-arthrosis 人造关节，假关节neodiathermy 短波透热法neodymium(abbr.nd) 钕neodymium laser 钕激光器neon(abbr.ne) 氖neonatal laryngoscope 新生儿喉镜neonatal monitor 新生儿监护仪neonate 新生儿neon bulb 氖灯，氖灯泡neon light 氖灯nephelo- 云，雾，浑浊nepheloid 浑浊的nephelometer 比浊计，散射浊度计nephelotitrator 浊度滴定器nephr-; nephro- 肾nephrectomy 肾切除术nephrofiber scope 纤维肾镜629nephrogram 肾x 线（造影）照片nephrography 肾x 线造影术nephrolith clamp 肾石钳nephropyelopolasty 肾盂成形术nephros 肾nephroscope 肾镜（karl）nephrosonography 肾超声波扫描术nephrotomography 肾x 射线断层照像术neptunium(abbr.np) 镎nerve 神经nerve bristle 神经针nerve broach 拔髓针nerve canal cleaner 神经根管洗髓针nerve canal drill 神经根管钻nerve canal plugger 牙神经根管充填管nerve canal reamer 神经根管扩孔钻nerve dissector 神经剥离器nerve dissector with hook 带钩神经剥离器nerve extraction forceps 抽取神经钳nerve hook 神经钩nerve knife 神经刀（三叉神经切断刀）nerve probe 神经探子630nerve retractor 神经牵开器nerve root retractor 神经根拉钩nerve stimulator 神经刺激器nerve tracing 神经描记法nirvous 神经的nervous system 神经系统nesis ①缝②缝线nest ①插孔，座②一套，群，组net ①网，罩②净的，纯粹的net-export 净出口net-import 净进口net weight(.wt.) 净重network ①电路②网状结构，网络network analhyzer 网络分析器neural 神经的neuramebimeter 神经反应时间测定器neuramoebimeter 神经反应时间测定计neuraxon 轴索neure 神经元neuro- 神经neuro-anatomy 神经解剖学neuro-calorimeter 神经热量计631neurocranium 脑颅neurocyte 神经细胞neuroelectricity 神经电neurogram 印象neurography 神经学neurokinet 连打神经刺激器，神经叩击器neurological test instrument 神经科试验仪器neuron 神经元neurophone 脑听器neurorrhaphy 神经缝术neurosurgical instruments 神经外科仪器neurotome 神经切开刀neurotomy 神经切断术neurotonometer 皮肤紧张度计neurotransmission 神经传递neurotransmitter 神经传递介质neurovoltometer 神经伏特计neutral 中性的，中和的neutral colour filter 中性滤色器neutrality 中性neutralization 中和，平衡，抵消neutralizer 中和器632neutral stain 中性染剂neutron 中子neutron counter 中子计数器neutron cyclotron 中子回旋加速器neutron diffractometer 中子衍射仪neutron generator 中子发生器neutron ray 中子射线neutron roentgen 中子伦琴neutron spectrograph 中子谱仪neutron spectrometer 中子光谱计neutron therapy unit 中子治疗机newborn ①新生儿②新生的new student & teaching polarizing microscope 新型教学偏光显微镜newton 牛顿（米千克秒制中力的单位，=105 达因）newton’s alloy 牛顿合金（铋铅锡软合金）ni(nickel) 镍nibbling forceps 持针钳ni-cd battery charger 镍镉电池充电器nick 刻痕，凹痕nickel(abbr.ni) 镍nickel-chromium alloy plates 镍铬合金片nickel spatula 镍刮铲633nicol’s prism 尼科尔棱镜night pail 便桶night vision tester 夜间视力测验器nigral 黑质的nigrometer 黑度计nil 无，零（点）ninefold 九倍nine holes shadowless lamp 九孔无影灯nippers 镊子，钳子nipple ①奶头②喷嘴③螺纹接套nipple protector 乳头保护器nipple shield 乳头罩niton(abbr.nt) 氡nitrocellulose filter 硝化纤维素滤器nitrogen(abbr.n) 氮nitroger determination system 氮含量测定系统（生化）nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮nitrogen molecular laser 氮分子激光器nitrogen needle 氮针nitrograph 氮气浓度测定仪nitrometer 氮素计，氮定量器nmr(nuclear magnetic resonance) 核磁共振634nmr-ct 核磁共振成象装置nmr imaging equipment 核磁共振成像装置nmr imaging 核磁共振成象nmr spectrometer 核磁共振分光计no(1.nobelium 2.number) ①锘②号码，数目nobelium (abbr.no) 锘noble gas 惰性气体noble gas alser 惰情气体激光器nocufensor 外伤防御器，防伤害系统node 结，结节noematachograph 思考速度描记器noematachometer 思考速度测验器noematachymeter 思考速度测验器noematic 思考的，思想的noetic 认识的，智力的noise 噪音noise apparatus 噪音计noise audiometer 噪音听力计noise killer 噪声限制器noise level 噪声级noise measuring instrument 噪声测量仪noisemeter 噪音计635noise silencer 噪声抑制器，消音器noise trap 抗干扰装置nomenclature 词汇，名词汇编，专业术语nominal 名义上的，标称的，额定的nominal power 标称功率，额定功率nomogram 列线图nomograph 列线图解，计算图表non- 非，无，不nonabsorbable ligature 非吸收结扎线nonabsorbable suture 非吸收缝线non-biological oscillator 非生物振荡器non-contact 无触点，非接触non-contact tonometer 非接触式眼压计non-invasive blood gas measurement 非侵入性血气测定仪，非创伤性血气测定仪noninvasive lood pressure monitor 无创伤性血压监察仪noninvasive measurement 无创伤性测量noninvasive temporary palemaker 无创伤性暂时起转器noninvasive testing 无创伤性检查nonlinear system 非线性系统non-metal 非金属non-mydriatic retinal camera 非散瞳式眼底照像机non-noxious stimulation 无害刺激636non-official 非法定的nonopaque ①透x 射线的②透光的non-invaoive continuoue caldiaw ovltput monitor 无创伤血流动力心功能监护仪nonpolarizable electrode 非极化电极non-registering perimeter 无记录视野计non-return valve 单向活门，单向阀nonrigid ventricular cannula 挠性心室套管non-screen x-ray film 无增感屏x 射线胶片nonspecific 非特异性的non-uniformly loaded radiumneedle 差量镭针nonvolatile ①不挥发的②永久性的norm 定额，标准，规格normal 正常的，标准的normal atmosphere(abbr.an.) 标准大气压normal calomel electrode 标准甘汞电极normal cell 标准电池normal curve 常态曲线normal distribution 常态分配normal electrode 标准电极normal exact thermometer 标准精密温度计normal hydrometer 标准液体比重计normality 常态，标准637normalization 标准化，规格化normal limit 正常限度，常限normal pressure 正常压力normal thermometer 标准温度计normo- 正常，标准normobaric 正常气压的normogram 正常图north 北，北方nosal adapter 鼻用麻醉接头nose 鼻子nosepiece ①物镜旋转盘②喷嘴noso- 疾病nosocomium 医院nostril 鼻孔notation 符号，标志notch 切迹，槽口，切口notch filter 陷波滤波器note 笔记，注释notice ①注意，留意②通告，简介notice of arrival 到货通知单notice of claim 索赔通知单notification 通知，通告638notion 意见，概念nought ①零②无nov-; novo- 新，重新，再novel 新奇的，异常的november (abbr.nov.) 十一月novocleaner 水中洗肠器novoscope 叩听诊器nozzle 嘴，喷嘴，喷管，吹口np (neptunium) 镎n. p. n. (nonprotein nitrogen) 非蛋白氮ns (nanosecond) 毫微秒nt (niton) 氡，镭射气n. t. p. (normal temperature and pressure) 正常温度与压力nuclear battery 核电池nuclear cardiac probe 核子心脏探头nuclear emulsion 核乳胶nuclear enterprise 核企业nuclear instruments 核子仪器nuclear magnetic resonance (abbr. nmr) 核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system 核磁共振成像系统nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer 核磁共振磁强计nuclear magnetic resonance scanner 核磁共振扫描仪639nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer 核磁共振光谱计nuclear medicine data processing system ①核医学数据处理机②核医疗记录处理装置nuclear medicine equipment 核医学装置nuclear physics 核物理学nuclear radiation measuring unit 核辐射能测量装置nuclear stethoscope 核子听诊器nucleic acid 核酸nucleometer 放射能测定计nucleon 核子null ①无效的，无价值的②零空mullity ①零度②无效number ①数，数字②号码numbering 编号numeral 数字的numeral keys 数字键numeration 编号，读数法numeration of leukocyte 白细胞计数numerical display 数字显示器numeroscope 示数器，数字记录器nurse ①护士②照管nurse cap 护士帽nursing bottle 喂奶瓶640nut 螺帽，螺母nut cap 螺帽nutrient 营养，培养基nutrient solution 培养液nutriment 营养，营养品nutsch filter 吸滤器nutshell ①壳②概要nuvistor 小型抗震管nyctometer 光觉计，暗视计nylon 尼龙，酰胺纤维nylon artificial vessel 人造尼龙血管nylon hammer 尼龙打诊锤nystagmic 眼球震颤的nystagmogoniometer 眼球震颤角度计nystagmograph 眼球震颤描记器nystagmograph 眼球震颤描记术641医学词汇（o）o (oxygen) 氧oag (ocular angiography) 眼血管造影术ob (obstetrics) 产科学obducens 丸衣，包丸衣obduction 尸体剖检obedience 服从，遵照，遵守ob-gyn (obstetrics-gynaecology) 妇产科学object 物体，对象，目标object glass （接）物镜objection ①反对，妨碍②缺点，缺陷objective ①（接）物镜②目标，目的objective aperture 物镜孔径objective carrier 镜头座objective changer 镜头转塔，镜头转换盘objective grating 物镜光栅objective holder 镜头座objective lens 接物镜，镜头objective micrometer 物镜测微计object lens （接）物镜object plate 载物玻片，检镜片object slide 载玻片642object slide forceps 载玻片镊object slide stand 载玻片架object stage 载物台oblect stand 标本台oblate 扁的，扁球状的oblatum 米纸，淀粉纸obligation ①义务，职责，责任②契约，证书oblique 斜的oblique bandage 斜绷带obleque light 斜光oblique viewing type upper alimentary canal endoscope 斜视式上消化道内窥镜obliquimeter （骨盆）斜度计obliquity 斜度，倾斜obliterate 涂去，删掉，擦去obscuring blade 遮光叶片observation 观察，检查，监视observation mirror 观测镜observation port 观察孔，监视孔observe 观察，检查observed number 观察值，实计值observerscope 二人用内窥镜observing tube 观察管643obstetric(al) 产科的obstetrical air cushion 产科气垫obstetrical clamp 产钳obstetrical gas outfit 产科笑气装备obstetric chair 妇科用椅，产科椅obstetric forceps 产钳obstetric hook 产钩obstetrics (abbr. o. b.) 产科学obstetrics delivery table 产科分娩床obstetrics-gynecology (abbr. obgyh) 妇产科学obstetric table 产床，分娩台obstetrist 产科医师obstruction 障碍，妨碍，干扰obtain 得到，获得obturation 充填，填塞obturator ①充填器②闭孔器（为膀胱镜用）③内蕊obtuse 钝的，圆头的obviate 排除，避免occasion 时机，机会，原因occludator 咬合器occlude 咬，咬合occluder ①咬合器②闭塞器644occluding forceps 闭合钳occluding ligature 闭塞性扎法occlusal analyzer 分咬器，分咬合器occlusal rest 咬支托occlusal splint 咬夹板，咬合夹板occlusion 咬，咬合occlusometer 咬力计，咬合力计occupation 专业，职业，业务occurrence ①发生，出现②事件，存在ocean 海洋ocean freight 海运运费ocg (omnicardiogram) 全心图（心电图）ochrometer 皮肤毛细管血压计o’clock ……点钟october (abbr. oct.) 十月ocular ①接目镜②眼的，接目的ocular lens （接）目镜ocular micrometer 目镜测微计ocular pneumoplethysmograph (abbr. opp) 眼充气体积描记器ocular pneumoplethysmography 眼充气体积描记法ocular prosthesis 假眼ocular spectrum 后像645oculo- 眼oculometroscope 视网膜镜，转动检眼镜oculoplethysmography 眼球体积描记法oculoscope 眼镜ocuscan 眼扫描ocutome 眼内刀o. d. (①oculus dexter ②opticaldensity ③outside diameter) ①右眼②光密度③外径odont-;odonto- 牙，齿odontic 牙的odontoglyph; 刮牙器，牙洁治器odontogram 牙面描记图odontograph 牙面描记器odontoradiograph 牙x 射线照片odontorine 牙锉odontoscope; 口腔（返光）镜，牙镜odontoscopy 牙印检查odontosyrinx 牙科注射器odontotenaculum 牙科钩odor 气味odorimeter 气味测量计odorometer 气味测量计odyno- 痛646odynometer 痛觉计oecology 生态学oenometer 酒精定量计oese 白金耳，接种环oesophageal 食管的，食道的oesophageal bougie 食管探条oesophageal dilator 食管扩张器oesophageal forceps 食管钳oesophago-; 食管oesophagoscope 食管镜，食道镜oesophagoscopy 食管镜检查oesophagoscopy canula 食管镜套管oesophagoscopy set 食管手术窥镜oesophagus 食管offal 垃圾，废料offer ①发盘，报价②提供，给予offeree 接盘人，被报价offerer 发盘人，报价人offer sheet 报价单off-gauge 不标准的office ①办公室，办事处②部，局official 法定的，正式的647official rubric 法定品质标准official sample 法定样品official seal 公章officina 药房，药局off-line operation 外线操作，脱机操作offset 抵销，补偿，偏离off-time 关机时间，停歇时间ogive s 形曲线ohm 欧姆（电阻单位）ohmage 欧姆电阻，欧姆阻抗ohmammeter 欧安计ohmer 欧姆计，电阻计ohm gauge 电阻计ohmmeter 欧姆表，电阻表ohmm’s instrument 欧姆氏器械（同时投照心音和脉搏曲线的装置）oil 油oil absorption 吸收油oil bath pan 油浴锅oil-cooled tube 油冷（x 射线）管oiled paper 油纸oiler 加油器，油杯oil gauge 油压表，油比重计648oil-immersed generator 油浸发生器oil-immersed tube 油绝缘（x 射线）管，油浸（x 射线）管oil-immersion 油浸法oil-immersion objective 油浸物镜oil meter 油测定计oil pump dental chair 油泵牙科椅oil stome 油石oil stove 油炉oil turbine drive 油涡轮机驱动装置（离心机）ointment 软膏ointment applicator 涂药膏器ointment box 油膏盒ointment jar 油膏缸ointment knife 软膏刀ointment machine 软膏机ointment mill 软膏磨ointment palette knife 油膏调刀ointment plate 调油膏板ointment pot 油膏罐ointment slab 软膏板oleo- 油oleometer 油纯度计649oleum ①发烟硫酸②油olfaction 嗅觉，嗅olfactometer 嗅觉计，嗅觉测定器olivary oesoph-bougie 橄榄头食道探条olive base rubber 橄榄色基板橡皮olive-tipped bougie 球头探条-ology …学ombrophore 碳酸水淋浴器omegatron 奥米伽器（高频质谱仪），回旋质谱仪omental 网膜的omentopirtography 网膜门静脉造影术omentotomy 网膜切开术omni- 全，总，遍omnicardiogram(abbr.ocg)全心图（心电图）omnidirectional 全向的，无定向的omnipotence 全能omphalo- 脐，脐带omphalos 脐omphalosotor 脐带还纳器omphalotome 脐带刀omphalotribe 脐带压断器，脐带压挤器omphalus 脐650on and off switch 电源开关，通断开关on board b/l 装船提单oncograph 器官体积描记器oncography 器官体积描记法oncometer 器官体积测量仪onconetry 器官体积测量法ondograph ①电容式波形记录器②高频示波器ondometer 周波计，波长计ondoscope 示波器one-qimensional grating 单维光栅one-fluid cell 单液电池one-pen recorder 单笔尖记录器one point thermometer 单点体温计one stage amplifier 单级放大器on-fiber 给光型纤维on-line 与主机联在一起工作的，联机的on-line operation 机内操作，联机操作on-off 开关，离合on-off fiber 给撤光纤维onset 起始，开始，发动on-time 工作时间，接通续时间onycho- 指甲，爪651onychogram 指甲毛细管搏动图onychograph 指甲毛细管搏动描记器onym 术语卵，蛋oocyte 卵母细胞oophoro- 卵巢oophoroplasty 卵巢成形术op (osmotic prossure) 渗透压opalescence 乳光opalescent 乳光的，乳（白）色的opaque ①不透明的，不透光的②不传导的opeidoscope 喉音振动测验器opeidoscopy 喉音振动测验法open ①打开，开放②断电，断路open circuit 断路，切断电路opener 开箱器，开启工具open mast 开放式麻醉罩operaphone 助听器（商品名）operating apron 手术围裙operating bed 手术床operating board 工作台operating cap 手术帽operating chair 手术椅652operating coat 手术衣operating cystoscope 手术膀胱镜operating double binocular microscope 双人双目手术显微镜operating gauze 手术纱布operating hysteroscope 手术子宫镜operating instruction 操作说明书operating key 控制键operating knife 手术刀operating knife blade 手术刀片operating lamp 手术照明灯operating magnifying glass 手术放大镜operating manual 操作说明书operating microscope 手术显微镜operating otoscope 手术耳镜operating room 手术室operating scalpel 手术刀operating scissors 手术剪operating towel 手术巾operating table 手术台operating telescope 手术用窥镜operating theatre 手术室operation 手术，操作，运转653operation illuminating lamp 手术照明灯operation monitor 手术监护仪operation office 业务处operation room 手术室operation table 手术台operation towel 手术巾operative 手术的，有效的，操作的operator 手术者，操作人员opg (①ocular pneumoplethys-mography ②oculoplethysmography) ① 眼充气体积描记法②眼球体积描记法oph (ophthalmoscope) 检眼镜ophtalmometer 角膜曲率计ophthalm-;ophthalmo- 眼ophthalmic 眼的ophthalmic bracket 眼用托架ophthalmic chair 眼科椅ophthalmic cryo-system 眼科手术冷冻装置ophthalmic electrode 眼用电极ophthalmic examination lamp 检眼灯ophthalmic forceps 眼用镊ophthalmic lens 镜片ophthalmic operating instrumentsset 眼科手术器械包654ophthalmic operating microscope 眼科手术显微镜ophthalmic operating scissors 眼用手术剪ophthalmic operating set 眼科手术器械ophthalmic scalpel 眼用手术刀ophthalmic scissors 眼科剪ophthalmic solidifying unit 眼用凝固器ophthalmobipolar 眼科双极电凝器（商品名）ophthalmodiaphanoscope 眼底透照镜ophthalmodiastimeter 眼距测量器ophthalmodynamometer ①视网膜血管血压计，眼动脉压计②辐辏近点计ophthalmo-eikonometer 眼影象计。
自体血液回输技术在基层医院的应用及护理配合
容、方式等5个方面进行调查，满分为100分，低于60分视为不满意，分值越高代表护理满意度越高。
1.4统计学方法采用SPSS23.0统计学软件处理数据，计数资料以百分比表示，采用字2检验，计量资料以x ±s 表示，采用t 检验，P <0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2结果2.12组SAS 、SDS 评分比较术前，2组SAS 、SDS 评分差异并无统计学意义（P >0.05）；术后观察组均低于对照组差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
见表1。
2.22组护理满意度对比观察组护理满意度评分为（93.57±2.64）分，显著高于对照组的（85.50±4.37）分，差异具有统计学意义（t =9.997，P <0.001）。
3讨论胃癌作为我国发病率较高的恶性肿瘤之一，虽然能够通过手术的方式改善患者病情，但是术后转移、复发、并发症等始终会对患者的身体健康造成威胁。
细节化护理管理将患者作为护理中心，要求护理人员根据患者的实际情况提供细致、优质的护理服务[4]。
通过细节化护理管理，为老年胃癌患者创造良好的手术环境、条件，保障其手术安全性的同时，促进术后尽快康复。
细节化护理管理对护理人员的工作要求较高，不仅需要密切配合手术医师工作，同时还需要提高自身业务素养，尽可能地满足患者身心需求[5]。
在本次研究中，术前2组SAS 、SDS 评分对比差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；术后，观察组均低于对照组差异存在统计学意义（P <0.05）。
观察组护理满意度评分显著高于对照组，差异明显（P <0.05）。
综上所述，细节化护理管理在老年胃癌患者围术期的应用效果明显，能够有效缓解老年患者的心理压力，提高护理满意度，值得推荐。
参考文献[1]金丽.细节化护理管理用于老年胃癌患者围术期中的效果观察[J].中国药物经济学，2017，12（5）：141-143.[2]扈艳.细节化护理管理在老年胃癌手术患者围手术期中的应用[J].包头医学院学报，2015，31（8）：117-118.[3]田丹.细节化护理管理在老年胃癌手术患者围术期中的应用分析[J].中国医药指南，2015，13（35）：235.[4]郁红梅.老年胃癌患者围术期间应用细节化护理管理有效性分析[J].中外医学研究，2018，16（9）：103-104.[5]陈素虹.细节化护理管理对胃癌手术患者围术期的应用价值探讨[J].安徽预防医学杂志，2017，23（3）：207-209.（收稿日期：2020-11-11）自体血液回输技术在基层医院的应用及护理配合林映红杨伟雄李辉铃唐丽思陈碧凤（陆丰市人民医院，广东陆丰516500）作者简介：林映红，女，本科，主管护师。
MBH群体翻译——医疗英文词汇
MBH群体翻译——医疗英文词汇Hello~everbody！有没有想呀~！今天给大家分享一些医疗相关的英文词汇~！我们即使不出国，学习了这些词汇会发现国内的一些英译真是好搞笑哦~！一起快来纠纠错吧！医疗科室急诊室 Emergency Room医院 Hospital内科病房 Medical Ward外科病房 Surgical Ward儿科病房 Pediatric Ward接生房 Labor and Delivery手术室 Operation room(OR)心脏重症室 Coronary Care Unit(CCU)重症室 Intensive Care Unit(ICU)内科重症室 Medical Intensive Care Unit(MICU) 初生婴儿重症室Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)儿科重症室Pediatric Intensive CareUnit(PICU)外科重症室Surgical Intensive Care Unit(SICU)末期护理 Hospice居家健康服务、药疗、物理治疗等Home Health Service化验所(进行化验研究) Laboratory门诊手术中心(一般非严重性手术) Outpatient SurgicalCenter药房(药物、医疗用品) Pharmacy医疗服务 Health Care Provider针灸 Acupuncture过敏性专科 Allergy and Immunology麻醉科 Anes thesiology心脏科 Cardiology心胸外科 Cardio- Thoracic Surgery脊椎神经科 Chiropractic结肠直肠外科 Colorectal Surgery牙科 Dentistry皮肤科 Dermatology内分泌科 Endocrinology家庭科 Family Practic肠胃科 Gastroenterology普通全科 General Pract普通外科 General Surgery老人病专科 Geriatrics血液科 Hematology肝病专科 Hepatology传染病科 Infectious Di sease内科 Internal Medi肾脏科 Nephrology神经科 Neurology神经外科 Neurosurgery妇产科 Obstetrics- Gynecology眼科 Ophthalmology骨外科 Orthopedic Surgery耳鼻喉科 Otolaryngol logy(ENT)病理科 Pathology小儿科 Pediatrics整形外科 Plastic surgery足科 Podiatry精神治疗科 Psychiatry物理康复科 Physiatry物理疗法及恢复正常生活护理PhysicalMedicine and Rehabilitation肺科 Pulmonary medicine癌症放射疗科 Radiation Oncology泌尿科 Urology血管外科 Vascular surgery其它医疗专业人员Other Heal th Care Professionals听觉学专家 Audiologist牙医助理 Dental assistant饮食指导员 Dietitian医疗设备半自动生化分析仪Semi- automatic Biochemical Analyzer全自动血细胞分析仪 Automatic Blood Cell Analyzer尿沉渣 Urine sediments analyzer生物安全柜 bio-safety Cabinet培养箱 Incubator头皮针 scalp vein set单机版 uniprocessor version网络版 network version高分子溶解的 macromolecule-solvent高分子蓄冷 macromolecule cold accumulation 冷疗法 cold treatment电子阴道镜 electronic colposcope烟雾吸收器 smog absorber数字胶片室 digital film room永磁开放式磁共振系统 Permanent Magnet Open Magnetic Resonance system医用灌注泵 Medical injection pump碎石机 lithotrite体外冲击碎石机 extracorporeal shock wave lithotrite气压冲击体内碎石机Ballistic intracroporeal lithotrite腹腔镜 Laparoscope肾结石 kidney stones多参数监护仪 multi-parameter monitor母亲/胎儿监护仪 maternal monitor/ fetal monitor重症监护仪 ICU monitor麻醉机 anesthetic equipment呼吸机 respirator采血针 blood taking needle彩色超声多普勒诊断系统 Ultrasonic Color Doppler Diagnostic system移动CT系统 Mobile CT system乳腺X线机 x-ray Mammary Machine乳腺 Mammography高精度脑立体定向仪high precision Stereotaxic便携式B超 portable Type- B ultrasonic冰袋 ice pack眼罩 eye shade针头销毁器 needle destroyer自动纸望包装机 autom atic packer消毒灭菌设备 Stenlization and disinfection Equipment放射疗法设备 Radiotherapeutic equipment制药设备 pharmaceutical equ ipments普通卧式压力蒸汽灭菌器horizontal pressurized steam sterilizer医用电子直线加速器medical electronic linear accelerator高频Ⅹ射线诊断机high frequency x-rays diagnostic machine模拟定位机 simulated pos itioner一次性无菌注射针disposable sterile injector注射器 injection set一次性静脉输液针 disposable venous indusion needle一次性使用输液器 disposable infusion set输血器 blood transfusion set液袋 infusion bag集尿袋 urine drainage bag血袋 blood bag医用导管 medical catheter不锈钢医用针管 stain| ess steel needle频移动Ⅹ射线机 high frequency mobile X- rays machine尿液分析仪 Urine Ana|yzer血糖分析仪 blood sugar(glucose) analyzer测试条 test strip试剂 reagent今天的分享就到这里，希望能够帮到大家~！。
临床试验中所有涉及到得英文翻译
险分别是：养老保险:单位每个月为你缴纳21%,你自己缴纳8%;医疗保险:单位每个月为你缴纳9%,你自己缴纳2%外加10块钱的大病统筹(大病统筹主要管住院这块);失业保险:单位每个月为你缴纳2%,你自己缴纳1%;工伤保险:单位每个月为你缴纳0.5%,你自己一分钱也不要缴;生育保险:单位每个月为你缴纳0.8%,你自己一分钱也不要缴;住房公积金:单位每个月为你缴纳8%,你自己缴纳8%以上,这么算下来,单位每个月为你缴纳的社保比例应该是21%+9%+2%+0.5%+0.8%+8%=41.3%你自己每个月为你缴纳的社保比例应该是8%+2%+10块+1%+8%=19%+10块statement of agreement 协议声明Participant Information 参加者信息Informed Consent Form 知情同意书Sponsor 申办者Study Site 研究地址approve 批准moderate to severe psoriasis 中度至重度银屑病local operation entity 当地运营实体Research and Development, Inc 研发公司Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd 西安杨森制药有限公司the electrical activity of the heartover time心脏随时间推移的电活动be required to fast from food andliquid禁用食物和液体qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析instrumental analysis 仪器分析法flow injection analysis；FIA 流动注射分析法determinate error 可定误差coefficient of variation 变异系数confidence level 置信水平level of significance 显著性水平pooled standard debiation 合并标准偏差（组合标准差）rejection quotient ;Q 舍弃商volumetric analysis 容量分析法titrametric analysis 滴定分析法stoichiometric point 化学计量点equivalent point 等当点charge balance 电荷平衡charge balance equation 电荷平衡式mass balance 质量平衡material balance 物料平衡mass balance equation 质量平衡式acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid-base titrations 酸碱滴定法autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递反应constant 常数proton balance equation 质子条件式colour change interval 变色范围protonic solvent 质子溶剂aprotic solvent 无质子溶剂differentiating effect 均化效应differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂amphototeric solvent 两性溶剂dissociation 离解crystal violet 结晶紫α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 萘酚苯甲醇quinadinered 奎哪啶红thymol blue 百里酚蓝azo violet 偶氮紫bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝compleximetry 配位滴定法ischemic preconditioning 缺血预适应simple ischemia-reperfusion injury单纯缺血与再灌注损伤组groupLeukocyte 白血球Floating gel 漂浮凝胶acid concentration of the medium 介质酸浓度Alginic acid 海藻酸Aluminium hydroxide 氢氧化铝antacid activity 抗酸活性Antacid agent 抗酸剂Anti-reflux agent 抗返流剂benzyl alcohol 苯甲醇blinding agent 粘合剂Bulking agent 填充剂Calcium carbonate 碳酸钙carbonate 碳酸盐combinations 复方Comparative active ingredient活性成分组成的比较compositionsDetermination of pH gradient in vitro 体外PH梯度测定Dextrates 葡萄糖结合剂drug product 制剂drug substance 原料药duration 持续时间Excipients 辅料Filling agent 填充剂Flavour 香精/香料Formation of a floating gel in vitro 漂浮凝胶在体外的形成function of the acid concentration of介质酸浓度函数the mediumGaviscon? tablets Gaviscon?片Glucose monohydrate 一水葡萄糖Granulating agent 制粒溶剂Heavy magnesium carbonate 重质碳酸镁In-house monograph 内部专论Lemon cream flavour 柠檬奶油香精/香料Lubricant 润滑剂magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁magnesium carbonate gel 碳酸镁凝胶magnesium chloride 氯化镁Magnesium stearate 硬脂酸镁Magnesium trisilicate 三硅酸镁Mean “raft” pH平均“筏”PhPeak “intra-gastric” pH胃内峰PHpeppermint flavour 薄荷香料/香精pH gradient pH 梯度pharmaceutical development 制药开发Povidone 聚维酮Quantitative composition 定量组成raft 筏Raft booster 筏推动剂Rennie? Dual Action tablets 罗内?双效片Rennie? Duo, chewable tablets 罗内?Duo咀嚼片Rennie? Duo, oral suspension 罗内?Duo口服混悬剂RENNIE? LIQUID 罗内?液体剂Saccharin sodium 糖精钠Sodium alginate海藻酸钠 Sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium chloride氯化钠 Sodium hydrogen carbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠 stearate硬脂酸盐 Sucrose蔗糖 Sweetener甜味剂 symptomatic treatment症状性治疗 Talc滑石粉 Xanthan gum黄原胶 6-1 ：David Grimes 教授演讲部分 long acting contraception长效避孕法 The role of long acting contraception in family planning长效避孕法在计划生育中发挥的作用 long-acting reversible contraception 长效可逆性避孕法 forgettable contraception遗忘式避孕法 overt act专门措施 Coital frequency性交频率 Progestin injection黄体酮注射 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 长效醋酸甲羟孕酮（DMPA ）Intrauterine Contraception 宫内避孕法 Levonorgestrel Releasing System 左炔诺孕酮释放系统 Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统（LNG-IUS ） Single-rod progestin implant单棒黄体酮植入物 fibroids, hemoglobinopathy纤维瘤，血红蛋白病 surrogate end points替代终点 risk of ectopic pregnancies异位妊娠风险 tubal infertility输卵管性不孕 Gross Removal Rates总取出率 Levonorgestrel IUS左炔诺孕酮IUS Barrier methods屏障法 Venous thromboembolism静脉血栓形成 hysterectomy子宫切除术 endometriosis子宫内膜异位症 perimenopausal symptoms围绝经期症状 Hemoglobin and ferritin血红蛋白和铁蛋白 parous women经产妇 nulliparous women未产妇 menorrhagia / dysmenorrhea 月经过多/痛经uterine involution 子宫复旧Perforation rate 穿孔率Expulsion frequency 排出率estrogen and progesterone receptors 雌激素和孕酮受体expulsion / salpingitis 排出/输卵管炎curettage 刮除术mifepristone 米非司酮Lactation 哺乳期/泌乳partum 分娩spotting and bleeding 出血和点状出血Full breast-feeding 完全母乳喂养antiphospholipid syndrome 抗磷脂综合征anticoagulation 抗凝药estradiol 雌二醇6-2 ：Dr. Ritva Hurskainen 演讲部分endometrial resection / ablation 子宫内膜切除/消融术Submucous fibroids 黏膜下纤维化Endometrial polyps 子宫内膜息肉Ovarian tumours or cysts 卵巢肿瘤或囊肿uterine malformation 子宫畸形acne 痤疮Levonorgestrel-ReleasingIntrauterine System左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统Health-Related Quality of Life 健康相关生存质量Bladder-emptying 膀胱排空Urge incontinence 尿失禁Stress incontinence 压力性失禁Tranexamic acid 氨甲环酸Norethisterone 炔诺酮Myomectomy or uterine artery embolisation 子宫肌瘤剔除术或子宫动脉栓塞术endometrial ablation 子宫内膜消融术6-2 ：Yu Qi 教授演讲部分Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) 月经过多 (HMB) injected progestogens 孕激素注射剂Health Economics 卫生经济学Oophorectomy with hysterectomy 卵巢切除术联合子宫切除术Dilatation and curettage 扩刮术Impedance-controlled bipolar 阻抗控制双极射频消融术radiofrequency ablationFluid-filled thermal balloon endometrial ablation (TBEA) 充液热球囊子宫内膜消融术Microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)微波子宫内膜消融术Free fluid thermal endometrial ablation 自由流体热子宫内膜消融术Care Pathway for HMB (1) HMB的诊治路径Intermenstrual bleeding 月经间期出血Anovulatory DUB 无排卵型DUB Ovulatory DUB 排卵型DUB gynecologic complaints 妇科主诉Anti-fibrinolysis drugs 抗纤溶药Endometrial Atrophy Therapy 子宫内膜萎缩疗法Inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis 前列腺素合成抑制剂Flufenamic Acid 氟芬那酸6-2：Session 4 (Day 2) 部分的词汇menstrual disorders 月经紊乱Cervical glands 宫颈腺体Abortifacient 堕胎者Cervical smears 宫颈涂片Pelvic infection 盆腔感染Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜疾病Amenorrhea 闭经Menache 初潮Menstruation 行经Menopause 绝经cyclical norethisterone 环炔诺酮Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs 非甾体类抗炎药Strong premenstrual symptoms 重度经前症状 (PMS) Contraceptive patch or ring 避孕贴或避孕环Progestin oral pills 孕激素口服片剂drospirenon 屈螺酮Migraine 偏头痛Migraine without aura 无预兆的偏头痛Ovarian cysts 卵巢囊肿flange 凸缘Paracervical blockade 宫颈旁阻滞麻醉Ibuprofen 布洛芬anteverted uterus 前倾子宫retroverted uterus 后倾子宫misoprostol 米索前列醇bleeding pattern 出血模式endometrial hyperplasia 子宫内膜增生tamoxifen 他莫西芬Clin Conf 1 - Contraception &ProfGrimes1 词汇Anovulation 停止排卵Premature ovarian failure 卵巢早衰Hyperprolactinaemia 高泌乳素血症Hypothyroidism 甲减Transvaginal ultrasound 经阴道超声Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) 多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS) Combined oral contraception 联合口服药避孕说明书Packaging Insert药品名称Article Name通用名称Generic Name汉语拼音Name In Bopomofo成分Ingredients作用类别/主治功能Function and indication 规格Strengths注意事项Precautions药物相互作用Drug Interaction有效期Expire date执行标准Executive Standard国家药品标准National drug standard批准文号Approval Document No 国药准字Guo yao zhun zi修订日期Revision Date生产地址Address of Facility如果有问题Please contact the manufacturer in case of any problem止痒Relieving Itching消炎Diminishing Inflammation非处方non-prescription (OTC) 英文中文Fly Sheet 扉页intra-individually controlled 个体自身对照dose-eomparative 剂量比较open-label 公开标签Clinical trial phase 临床试验阶段diagnostic confidence 诊断置信度qualitative evaluation 定性评价quantitative evaluation 定量评价global evaluation 总体评价physical examination 体格检查Synopsis 纲要confidence intervals. 置信区间Duration of treatment 治疗期/治疗持续时间mode of admin. 给药方式Reference therapy 参照疗法Criteria for evaluation 评价标准Efficacy 有效性signal intensity ratio 信号强度比overall visualization 总体显影c1inieal differenee 临床差异Trial Manager 试验主管Trial Director 试验总监Co-investigator 助理研究者Formulation 制剂Type of formulation 剂型Specific radioactivity 比放射性drug substance 原料药Vehicle composition 赋形剂成分Generic name 通用名Study design and plan 研究设计和计划description of rationale 原理说明Overview and justification 概述和论证Study configuration: 研究结构Level of blinding: 设盲水平Investigational product 试验性药物Interim analyses 中期分析steering committees 指导委员会Protocol amendments 方案修正Sampie size 样本量Molecular weight 分子量Structural formula 结构式Molecular formula: 分子式osmolality 克分子渗透压浓度viscosity 粘度Qualitative evaluation 定量评价localisation of lesion ? 病灶定位visualization of lesion ? 病灶显影characterization of lesion ? 病灶特征记述Equivocal 模糊No contrast 无差异Referral diagnosis 转诊诊断Pre-conifastt MRI diagnosis 增强前MRI诊断Drug relationship 药物相关性Intensity 严重程度Flow chart of trial activities 试验流程图imaging 影像学检查Baseline period 基线期Drop-outs 脱落Deviations from the trial protocol 与试验方案的背离Target variabies 靶变量Disposition of sUbjects 受试者安排Ethnic group 种族Medication history 治疗史Medical and surgical history 病史和手术史abnormal findings 异常发现pulse rate 脉率systolic blood pressure 收缩压diastolic blood pressure 舒张压general appearanee 一般状态primary tumor 原发肿瘤metastases 转移灶multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化症angiography 血管造影myelography 脊髓造影Data sets analyzed 数据组分析Diagnostic confidence: 诊断置信度Optimal injection 最佳注射Overall visualization 总体显影度signal intensity ratio 信号强度比contrast to noise ratio 对比噪声比Total drug exposure 总的药物暴露test article 供试品Text tables 正文表格Box plot 箱线图Scatter diagrams 散点图contrast agents造影剂 efficacy evaluation有效性评价 plain scans平扫 worsened变差 extent of exposure暴露程度 Total drug exposure总的药物暴露 Display and analysis of adverse events 不良事件的陈述和分析 weakness of extension伸展无力 involuntary tremor不自主震颤 tolerance indicators容许指示剂 Title Page标题页 Good Clinical Practice (GCP).药物临床试验质量管理规范（GCP ） Analysis set分析集 Intent - to - treat population意向治疗人群 Preferred population首选人群 Reader 1读片者1 blinded reading盲态读片 False positive lesions假阳性病变 Sensitivity and specificity in liver segment involvement肝段受累的敏感性和特异性 liver lobes肝叶 pooled segments混合段 pre-contrast MRI造影前MRI combined pre-and post MRI联合造影前/后MRI Lesion classification病变分类 lesion type病变类型 Assessment of enhancement增强的评估 (dynamic imaging and hepatocytephase)动态影像和肝细胞相 Signal-to-noise ratio信噪比 Contrast-to-noise ratio对比噪声比 Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) 独立伦理委员会（IEC ）Institutional Review Board (IRB)机构审查委员会（IRB ） Ethical conduct伦理学实施 study administrative structure研究行政结构 Comparators对比方法 Prior and concomitant therapy既往和目前的合用药物 Diffuse liver disease弥漫性肝病 Focal liver lesions 肝脏局灶性病变 Trackable/untrackable focal liver 可追踪性/不可追踪性肝lesions脏局灶性病变 Liver maps肝脏图谱 Lesion detection病变检出 Lesion characterization病变鉴定 Morphology形态学 Biliary system imaging增强的评估 Artifacts伪像 pre-contrast T2-weighted sequences 造影前T2加权序列 Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS)术中超声（IOUS ） Required pulse sequences规定的脉冲序列 Adjustments of image size and contrast 图像大小和对比度的调整 Biliary system imaging胆道系统成像 presence of thrombus有血栓 Adjustments for covariates对协变量的调整 Examination of subgroups亚组检查 Drug-drug and drug-diseaseinteractions药物-药物相互作用和药物-疾病相互作用 specified diffuse liver disease特定弥漫性肝病 matched lesions匹配病变 Number of correctly and incorrectly classified lesions正确和错误分类病变的数量 Mass Effect占位效应 Enhancement patterns 增强模式 New Atrial Extrasystoles Postbaseline 基线后新出现房性期外收缩New Ventricular ExtrasystolesPostbaseline基线后新出现室性期外收缩 PRODUCT MONOGRAPH药品专论 Intravenous contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)静脉注射的磁共振成像（MRI ）造影剂 Submission Control No:提交文件控制号 Elimination清除 Hepatic Insufficiency肝功能不全 DOSAGE FORMS, COMPOSITION ANDPACKAGING剂型、成分和包装 Proper name专有名称 Physical form外观 Solubility溶解性 pH in water水溶液的pH Osmolality 渗透压Density密度 Bi-phasic enhanced spiral CT双相增强螺旋CT Animal Pharmacology动物药理学 Human Pharmacology人体药理学 Insufficiency功能不全 Repeated-Dose Toxicity多次给药毒性 Genotoxic Potential遗传毒性可能性 Tumorigenicity and Carcinogenicity 致肿瘤性和致癌性 Reproductive Toxicology生殖毒理学 Local Tolerance and SensitizingPotential局部耐受性和致敏可能性 Formulation number制剂编号 Substance code number原料药代码编号 specifications规格 release date发布日期 This edition supersedes替代版本 Property of Bayer Schering Pharma 所有权归Bayer ScheringPharma 所有Physical, chemical and pharmaceutical properties and formulation 物理、化学以及药理学特性和剂型Description of Drug Substance 药品说明Product interaction 产品相互作用Special Populations 特殊人群Mean (SD) serum concentrations 平均（SD ）血清浓度fecal excretion 粪便排泄量compartment model dependent （CMD ） 间室模型依赖 renal clearance 肾清除率total clearance 总清除率beats per minute(bpm) 每分钟心跳次数end stage renal failure （ESRF ） 终末阶段肾衰focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) 局灶结节性增生field of view(FOV) 视野gradient echo(GRE) 梯度回波Hoechst Adverse Events Reaction Thesaurus System(HARTS) Hoechst 不良事件反应词典系统Gd-EOB-DTPA 钆-EOB-DTPA ，钆塞酸high pressure liquidchromatography(HPLC)高压液相色谱 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICPAES )电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 Specific Rotation 比旋光度Partition Coefficient 分配系数Time Profile 时间特征Elimination Profile 消除曲线Biotransformation 生物转化volume of distribution at steady state 稳态下分布体积repetition time 保留时间time of echo 回声时间terminal half-life 终末半衰期initial half-life 初始半衰期no observable effect level 不可观察的反应水平microsoft disk operating system 微软磁盘操作系统mean residence time 平均停留时间magnetic resonance imaging 磁共振成像magnetic resonance 核磁共振minimum lethal dose 最低致死剂量Medical Dictionary for Regulatory国际医学用语词典Activitiesmean corpuscular volume 平均血细胞体积mean corpuscular hemoglobin 红细胞平均血红蛋白含量Intraoperative ultrasound 术中超声医学英语中的缩写词aa——各et——及、和Rp.——取、请取sig./S.——用法、指示St./Stat.——立即、急速Cit.——急速s.o.s.——需要时p.r.n——必要时a.c.——饭前p.c.——饭后a.m.——上午p.m.——下午q.n.——每晚h.s.——睡前q.h.——每小时q.d.——每日1次B.i.d.——每日2次T.i.d.——每日3次Q.i.d.——每日4次q.4h.——每4小时1次p.o.——口服ad us.int.——内服ad us.ext.——外用H.——皮下注射im./M.——肌肉注射iv./V.——静脉注射iv gtt.——静脉滴注Inhal.——吸入O.D.——右眼O.L.——左眼O.S.——单眼O.U.——双眼No./N.——数目、个s.s——一半ug.——微克mg.——毫克g.——克kg.——千克（公斤）ml.——毫升L.——升q.s——适量Ad.——加至Aq.——水Aq.dest.——蒸馏水Ft.——配成Dil——稀释M.D.S.——混合后给予Co./Comp.——复方的Mist——合剂Pulv.——散剂Amp.——安瓿剂Emul.——乳剂Syr.——糖浆剂Tr.——酊剂Neb.——喷雾剂Garg.——含漱剂rtt./gutt.——滴、滴眼剂collyr.——洗眼剂Ocul.——眼膏Liq.——溶液剂Sol.——溶液Lot.——洗剂Linim.——擦剂Crem.——乳膏剂（冷霜）Ung.——软膏剂Past.——糊剂Ol.——油剂Enem.——灌肠剂Supp.——栓剂Tab.——片剂Pil.——丸剂Caps.——胶囊剂Inj.——注射剂。
中英对照血液学词汇(护士用)
中英对照血液学词汇AA：aplastic anemia，再生障碍性贫血Ab：antibody，抗体ABMT：autologous bone marrow transplant，自体骨髓移植AEL：acute erythrocytic leukemia，急性红白血病AEoL：acute eosinophilic leukemia，急性嗜酸粒细胞白血病Ag：antigen，抗原AidS：acquired immune defic iency syndrome，获得性免疫缺陷综合征AIHA：autoimmune hemolytic anemia，自身免疫性溶血性贫血AL：acute leukemia, 急性白血病ALG：antilymphocyte globulin, 抗淋巴细胞球蛋白A TG：antithymocyte globulin，抗胸腺细胞球蛋白ALL：acute lymphocytic leukemia，急性淋巴细胞白血病Allo－BMT：allogeneic bone marrow transplantation，异基因骨髓移植Allo－PBSCT：allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation，异基因外周血干细胞移植AMKL：acute megakaryoblastic leukemia，急性巨核细胞白血病AML：acute myeloid leukemia，急性髓性白血病Anemia：贫血ANLL：acute non-lymphocytic leukemia，急性非淋巴细胞性白血病Antibiotic：抗生素；APBSCT：autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation，自体外周血干细胞移植Apheresis：血浆分离置换法，血液成分部分清除APL：acute promyelocytic leukemia，急性早幼粒细胞白血病Ara－C：arabinosyl cytosine,aracytidine阿糖胞苷ARDS：acute respiratory distress syndrome，急性呼吸窘迫综合症；ASCT：autologous stem cell transplantation，自体干细胞移植A TLS：acute tumor lysis syndrome，急性肿瘤溶解综合征A TRA：all-transretinoic acid，全反式维甲酸AuSCT：autologous stem cell transplantation，自体造血干细胞移植Auto－BMT: autologous bone marrow transplantation，自体骨髓移植BMT:bone marrow transplantation，骨髓移植Bone marrow biopsy：骨髓活检Bone marrow puncture：骨髓穿刺CBC：complete blood count，全血细胞计数CBSCT：cord blood stem cell transplantation，脐血干细胞移植Chemotherapy：化学疗法C.I.：continuous infusion，持续静脉点滴CLL：chronic lymphocytic leukemia，慢性淋巴细胞白血病CML：chronic myelogenous leukemia，慢性粒细胞白血病CML－AP：CML-accelerated phase，慢性粒细胞白血病加速期CML－BP：CML-blastic phase，慢性粒细胞白血病急变期CML－CP：CML-chronic phase，慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期CMML：chronic myelo-monocytic leukemia，慢性粒-单细胞白血病CMPD：chronic myeloproliferative disease，慢性骨髓增生性疾病CNS：central nervous system，中枢神经系统CNSL：central nervous system leukemia，中枢神经系统白血病Collection: 采集Colony stimulating factor：集落刺激因子Conditioning：预处理CR：complete remission，完全缓解CSF：cerebrospinal fluid，脑脊液D－D：D dimer，D－二聚体DIC：disseminated intravascular coagulation，弥散性血管内凝血Donor：供者EBV：Epstein-Barr virus，EB病毒EPO：erythropoietin，促红素，红细胞生成素ET：essential thrombocythemia，原发性血小板增多症FCM：flow cytometry，流式细胞分析技术FFP：fresh frozen plasma，新鲜冰冻血浆GCV：cytomegalovirus，巨细胞病毒Graft rejection：移植排斥（反应）GVHD：graft-versus-host disease，移植物抗宿主病GVHR: graft-versus-host reaction，移植物抗宿主反应GVL：graft-versus-leukemia，移植物抗白血病GVT：graft-versus-tumor，移植物抗肿瘤Haploidentical: 半相和的Harvest: 收集，采集HC：hemorrhagic cystitis，出血性膀胱炎HCL：hairy cell leukemia，毛细胞白血病HD：Hodgkin's disease，霍奇金病Hematology：血液学HIV：human immune deficiency virus，人免疫缺陷病毒Ig：immunoglobulin，免疫球蛋白I.M.：intramuscular，肌肉注射ITP：idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura，特发性血小板减少性紫癜Laminar air flow unit：层流间Leukemia：白血病LVL：large volume leukapheresis，大容量白细胞单采Matching：配型MDS：myelodysplastic syndrome，骨髓增生异常综合征MF：myelofibrosis，骨髓纤维化MH：malignant histocytosis，恶性组织细胞增生症MLL：mixed lineage leukemia，混合系白血病MM：multiple myeloma，多发性骨髓瘤Mobilization：动员MPD：myeloproliferative disease, 骨髓增殖性疾病NHL：non-Hodgkin's lymphoma，非霍奇金淋巴瘤Nonmyeloablative transplantation: 非清髓性移植PBSCT：peripheral blood stem cell transplantation，外周血干细胞移植PCL：plasma cell leukemia，浆细胞白血病PE：plasma exchange，血浆置换PNH：paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria，阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿÷Preparative regimen：预处理方案Prognosis：预后PV：polycythemia vera，真性红细胞增多症RA：refractory anemia，难治性贫血RAEB：refractory anemia with excessive blasts，难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多型RAEB－T：refractory anemia with excessive blasts，transformation，难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多转化型RAS：refractory anemia with sideroblasts，难治性贫血伴环状铁粒幼细胞增多Recipient：受者Rejection：排斥Relapse：复发Remission：缓解Regimen-related toxicity (RRT)：预处理相关毒性SLL：small lymphocytic lymphoma，小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤Stem cell：干细胞t-AML：treatment associated AML，治疗相关的急性髓性白血病TA－GVHD：transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease，输血相关的移植物抗宿主病TBI：total body irradiation，全身照射TRM：transplantation related mortality，移植相关死亡率TTP：thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura，血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Tumor：肿瘤VGPR：very good partial remission，非常良好的部分缓解。
免疫学常用词汇中英文对照大全
antigen modulation
抗原调变
antigen processing
抗原加工
antigen presenting
抗原递呈
antigen presenting cell
APC
抗原递呈细胞
antigen-binding fragment
Fab
抗原结合片段
antigenic determinant
autoimmune disease
AID
自身免疫性疾病
autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction
AMLR
自身混合淋巴细胞反应
autophagosome
自吞小泡
autoreactive B cell
ARB
自身反应性B细胞
autoreactive T cell
ART
自身反应T细胞
bactericidin
杀菌素
bare lymphocyte syndrome
BLS
裸淋巴细胞综合征
basophil
嗜碱粒细胞
Bence-Jones protein
本周蛋白
bifunctional antibody
BfAb
双功能抗体
biotin
生物素
biotin-avidin system
BAS
生物素-亲和素系统
antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy
ADEPT
抗体导向酶解前药治疗
antibody forming cell
AFC
抗体形成细胞
antigen
Ag
抗原
antigen-antibody reaction
血液病专业英语词汇
Aabnormal hemoglobinopathy异常血红蛋白病acanthocytosis刺状红细胞增多acute arrest of hemopoiesis急性造血停滞acute histocytic leukemia急性组织细胞白血病acute leukemia急性白血病acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL急性淋巴细胞白血病acute monocytic leukemia,AMOL急性单核细胞白血病acute myeloblastic leukemia,AML急性粒细胞白血病acute myelo-monocytic leukemia,AMMOL急性粒-单核细胞白血病acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,ANLL急性非淋巴细胞白血病acute plasma cell leukemia急性浆细胞白血病acute promyelocytic leukemia,APL急性早幼粒细胞白血病acute stem cell leakenia急性干细胞白血病acute transformation of chronic myelocytic leukemia慢性粒细胞白血病急变acute unclassified leukemia急性未定型白血病acute undifferentiated cell leukemia急性未分化细胞白血病afibrinogenemia纤维蛋白原缺乏血症agranulocytosis粒细胞缺乏angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy血管免疫母细胞淋巴结病aplastic anemia再生障碍性贫血autoimmune hemolytic anemia自身免疫性溶血性贫血Bbasophilia嗜碱粒细胞增多basophilic cell leukemia嗜碱粒细胞白血病Bernard-Soulier syndrome巨血小板综合征blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia慢性粒细胞白血病原始细胞危象Burkitt lymphoma伯基特淋巴瘤Ccentral nervous system leukemia中枢神经系统白血病chloroma绿色瘤chronic lymphocytic leukemia,CLL慢性淋巴细胞白血病chronic myelocytic leukemia,chronic granulocytic leukemia,CML,CGL慢性粒细胞白血病congenital aplastic anemia先天性再生障碍性贫血congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia先天性非球形红细胞溶血性贫血Ddisseminated inravascular coagulation,DIC弥散性血管内凝血dysfibrinogenemia异常纤维蛋白原血症Eechinocytosis棘状红细胞增多eosinopenia嗜酸粒细胞减少eosinophilia嗜酸粒细胞增多eosinophilic cell leukemia嗜酸粒细胞白血病eosinophilic granuloma嗜酸细胞肉芽肿erythrocytosis红细胞增多症erythroleukemia,EL红白血病Ffactor Ⅴdeficiency因子Ⅴ缺乏〔症〕factor ⅤII deficiency因子Ⅶ缺乏〔症〕factor Ⅹdeficiency因子Ⅹ缺乏〔症〕factor ⅩII deficiency因子ⅩII缺乏〔症〕factor ⅩIII deficiency因子ⅩIII缺乏〔症〕factor Ⅺdeficiency因子Ⅺ缺乏〔症〕Fanconi anemia范科尼贫血favism蚕豆病fibrinolysis syndrome纤维蛋白溶解综合征GGaucher disease戈谢病(曾用名“高雪病”)glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency,G6PD葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症(又称“6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏症”)graft versus host disease,GVHD移植物抗宿主病granulocytosis粒细胞增多Hhairy cell leukemia,HCL多毛细胞白血病Hand-Schǖller-Christian disease汉-许-克病heavy chain disease重链病hemachromatosis血色病hematology 血液学hematopathy血液病hemoglobinopathy血红蛋白病hemoglobinuria,PNHhemolytic anemia of newborn新生儿溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic disease of newborn新生儿溶血症hemolytic uremic syndrome溶血尿毒症综合征hemophilia A血友病Ahemophilia B血友病Bhemosiderosis含铁血黄素沉着症hereditary elliptocytosis遗传性椭圆形红细胞增多症hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症hereditary spherocytosis遗传性球形红细胞增多症Hodgkin disease霍奇金病(又称“何杰金病”)hypergammaglobulinemia高丙球蛋白血症hypersplenism脾功能亢进hyperviscosity syndrome高粘滞综合征hypogammaglobulinemia低丙球蛋白血症Iidiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP特发性血小板减少性紫癜immune hemolytic anemia免疫性溶血性贫血immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP免疫性血小板减少性紫癜infectious lymphocytosis传染性淋巴细胞增多症infectious mononucleosis传染性单核细胞增多症iron deficiency anemia缺铁性贫血KKaposi sarcoma卡波西肉瘤LLetterer-Siwe disease莱特勒-西韦病leucocytopenia,leukopenia白细胞减少leukemoid reaction类白血病反应leukocytosis白细胞增多lymphocytosis淋巴细胞增多lymphoma cell leukemia淋巴瘤细胞白血病lymphopenia 淋巴细胞减少lymphoproliferative diseases淋巴细胞增生性疾病Mmacroglobulinemia巨球蛋白血症malignant histocytosis恶性组织细胞病malignant lymphoma恶性淋巴瘤march hemoglobinuria行军性血红蛋白尿症megakaryocytic leukemia巨核细胞白血病megaloblastic anemia巨幼细胞贫血meningeal leukemia脑膜白血病methemoglobinemia高铁血红蛋白血症microangropathic hemolytic anemia微血管病性溶血性贫血monocytosis单核细胞增多multiple myeloma,MM多发性骨髓瘤mycosis fungoides蕈样肉芽肿病myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS骨髓增生异常综合征myelofibrosis骨髓纤维化〔症〕myelopathic anemia,myelophthisic anemia骨髓病性贫血myeloproliferative diseases骨髓增生性疾病myelosclerosis骨髓硬化症NNiemann-Pick disease尼曼-皮克病non-Hodgkin lymphom非霍奇金淋巴瘤(又称“非何杰金淋巴瘤”)a Pparoxysmal cold hemoglobinuria阵发性冷性血红蛋白尿症paroxysmal nocturnal阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症pernicious anemia恶性贫血plasmocytoma浆细胞瘤polycythemia vera,PV真性红细胞增多症porphyria卟啉病preleukemia白血病前期prolymphocytic leukemia,PLL幼淋巴细胞白血病prothrombin deficiency凝血酶原缺乏〔症〕pure red cell aplasia纯红细胞再生障碍pyruvate kinase deficiency 丙酮酸激酶缺乏症Rreactive histocytosis反应性组织细胞增多reactive plasmacytosis反应性浆细胞增多Ssickle cell anemia镰状细胞贫血sideroblastic anemia铁粒幼细胞贫血stomatocytosis口形红细胞增多sulfhemoglobinemia硫化血红蛋白血症Tthalassemia珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(又称“地中海贫血”)thrombocytasthenia血小板无力症thrombocytopathy血小板病thrombocytopenia血小板减少thrombocytosis血小板增多thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Vvitamin K deficiency维生素K缺乏〔症〕von Willebrand disease血管性血友病. ..。
中英文对照
中英文对照血液科原发性血小板增多症Primary thrombocy themia血友病Hemophilia霍奇金病Hodgkin lymphoma HL非霍奇金淋巴瘤Non—Hodgkin lymphoma NHL多发性骨髓瘤Multiple myeloma MM恶性组织细胞瘤Malignant histiocytosis骨髓纤维化Myelofibrosis MF淋巴瘤Lymphoma浆细胞瘤Plasma cell dyscrasia脾功能亢进Hypersplenism血管性紫癜Vascular purpura弥漫性血管内紫癜Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC血小板减少性紫癜Thrombocytopemia purpura自身免疫性溶血性贫血Autcimmune hemolytic anemia AIHA真性红细胞增多症Polythemia vera PV白细胞减少症Leukopenia中性粒细胞减少症Neutropenia粒细胞缺乏症Agranalocytosis.29702 7406 理g36484 8E84 躄30149 75C5 病28978 7132 焲36400 8E30 踰白血病Leukemia急性白血病Acute leukemia AL急性非淋巴细胞白血病Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia ANLL急性髓细胞性白血病Acute myeloid leukemia AML急性淋巴细胞白血病Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL成人T淋巴细胞白血病Adult T—cell leukemia ATL慢性粒细胞白血病Chronic myeloid leukemia CML慢性淋巴细胞白血病Chronic lympoblastic leukemia类白血病反应Leukemoid reactions传染性单核增多症Infections mononucleosis骨髓增生异常综合症Myelodysplastic syndrome MDS过敏性紫癜Alleigic purpura特发性血小板减少性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TTP消化科乳腺瘤Breast cancer肝癌Hepatic cancer肺转移癌Metastasis oflemg cancer+m,9)26577 67D1 柑s32828 803C 耼慢性腹泻Chronic carcinoma肝硬化Cirrhosis of liver原发性肝癌Primary carcinoma of the liver肝性脑病Hepatic encephalopathy HE急性胰腺炎Acute pancreatitis慢性胰腺炎Chronic pancreatitis胰腺癌Carcinoma of pancreas结合性腹膜炎Tuberculous peritonitis上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage贫血Anemia缺铁性贫血Iron deficient巨幼细胞性贫血Megaloblastic anemia再生障碍性贫血Aplastic anemia AA恶性贫血Pernicious anemia慢性病贫血Anemia of chronic disease急性再生障碍性贫血Acute aplastic anemia纯红细胞再生障碍Purered cell aplasia anemia阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症Parexysmall nocturmal hemoglobinuria PNH \24791 60D7 惗38717 973D 霽j`21834 554A 啊29256 7248 版胃食管反流病Gestroesophageal reflux disease gerd食管癌Carcinoma of the esophagus胃炎fastritis急性胃炎acute gastritis急性糜烂出血性肾炎Acute erosire and hemorrhagic gasteitis萎缩性胃炎airophic gastritis消化性溃疡peptic ulcer胃溃疡gastric ulcer GU十二指肠溃疡duodenal ulcer DU胃癌gastric cancer胃腺癌gastric adenocercinoma肺结核intestinal tuberulosisCrohn病crohns disease炎症性肠炎疡inflammatory bowet disease IBD溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis大肠癌结肠癌carcinoma of the colon and rectun功能性胃肠癌functional dyspepsia FD肠易激综合症irrigatable bowel syndrome21219 52E3 勣=35145 8949 襉40334 9D8E 鶎UK肠结核intestinal tuberculosis未定型结肠炎indeterminate cvlitis功能性便秘functional constipation慢性乙性肝炎chronic hepatitis B virus hepatitis慢性丙性肝炎chronic hepatitis C virus hepatitis急性胆囊炎acute cholecysititis急性胰腺炎acute pancreutitis慢性阑尾炎chromic cholecysitis慢性胰腺炎chromic pancreutitis肠梗阻intestinal obstruction腹股沟斜疝direat ingwinal hernia脾破裂splenic mpture甲状腺腺瘤thyroid adenoma甲状腺瘤thyroid carcinoma原发性腹膜炎primary peritonitits乳腺瘤mammary cancer原发性肝癌primary carcinoma of the liver胰腺癌carcinama of pancreaseQ38548 9694 隔n～22196 56B4 嚴n35591 8B07 謇u胆囊癌gaubladder cancer肝包虫hepatic hydatidosis下肢静脉曲张varicose veins of lower extremity结直肠癌carcinoma of colon and reaturn肛瘘anal fistula胆石症cholelithiasis肛门癌anal cancer胃肠间质癌gastrointestinal stromal tumors宫颈癌cervical cancer卵巢癌ovarian cancer子宫内膜癌endometrial cancer子宫肉瘤aterine sarcomas绒毛膜上皮瘤choriocarcinoma小细胞肺癌small cell lury cancer非小细胞肺癌non small cell luny cancer黑色素瘤melanoma肉瘤sarcomas膀胱癌bladder cancerx!40418 9DE2 鷢28001 6D61 浡26299 66BB 暻24344 5F18 弘1肾癌renal cell cancer垂体瘤pituitary adenoma直肠癌colorectal carcinoma鼻咽癌nasopharyngeal carcinama肠血管畸形vascular malformation VM淋巴结转移癌cervical metastatic cancer胃溃疡并出血gastric ulcer and blood十二指肠溃疡duodenal ulcer DU胃息肉gastric sarcoma原发性血小板增多症Primary thrombocy themia血友病Hemophilia 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病coronary atheroscle-rotic heart disease 白血病leukemia 嗳气eructation霍奇金病Hodgkin lymphoma HL非霍奇金淋巴瘤Non-Hodgkin lymphoma NHL多发性骨髓瘤Multiple myeloma MM 恶性组织细胞瘤Malignant histiocytosis骨髓纤维化Myelofibrosis MF淋巴瘤Lymphoma浆细胞瘤Plasma cell dyscrasia脾功能亢进Hypersplenism血管性紫癜Vascular purpura弥漫性血管内紫癜Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC血小板减少性紫癜Thrombocytopemia purpura 自身免疫性溶血性贫血Autcimmune hemolytic anemia AIHA真性红细胞增多症Polythemia vera PV白细胞减少症Leukopenia中性粒细胞减少症Neutropenia粒细胞缺乏症Agranalocytosis白血病Leukemia急性白血病Acute leukemia AL急性非淋巴细胞白血病Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia ANLL急性髓细胞性白血病Acute myeloid leukemia AML急性淋巴细胞白血病Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL 缺铁性红细胞生成iron deficient erythropoiesis成人T淋巴细胞白血病Adult T-cell leukemia ATL慢性粒细胞白血病Chronic myeloid leukemia CML慢性淋巴细胞白血病Chronic lympoblastic leukemia类白血病反应Leukemoid reactions传染性单核增多症Infections mononucleosis骨髓增生异常综合症Myelodysplastic syndrome MDS过敏性紫癜Alleigic purpura特发性血小板减少性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TTP 肠结核intestinal tuberculosis乳腺瘤Breast cancer肝癌Hepatic cancer肺转移癌Metastasis oflemg cancer慢性腹泻Chronic carcinoma肝硬化Cirrhosis of liver原发性肝癌Primary carcinoma of the liver肝性脑病Hepatic encephalopathy HE急性胰腺炎Acute pancreatitis慢性胰腺炎Chronic pancreatitis 胰腺癌Carcinoma of pancreas 帕金森病Parkinson's disease 皮肌炎dermatomyositis结合性腹膜炎Tuberculous peritonitis上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage贫血Anemia缺铁性贫血Iron deficient巨幼细胞性贫血Megaloblastic anemia再生障碍性贫血Aplastic anemia AA恶性贫血Pernicious anemia慢性病贫血Anemia of chronic disease急性再生障碍性贫血Acute aplastic anemia纯红细胞再生障碍Purered cell aplasia anemia 急性糜烂性出血性胃炎actue erosive-hemorrhagic gastritis阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症Parexysmall nocturmal hemoglobinuria PNH胃食管反流病Gestroesophageal reflux disease gerd食管癌Carcinoma of the esophagus胃炎fastritis急性胃炎acute gastritis急性糜烂出血性肾炎Acute erosire and hemorrhagic gasteitis 萎缩性胃炎airophic gastritis消化性溃疡peptic ulcer胃溃疡gastric ulcer GU十二指肠溃疡duodenal ulcer DU胃癌gastric cancer胃腺癌gastric adenocercinoma肺结核intestinal tuberulosis Crohn病crohns disease炎症性肠炎疡inflammatory bowet disease IBD溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis大肠癌结肠癌carcinoma of the colon and rectun功能性胃肠癌functional dyspepsia FD肠易激综合症irrigatable bowel syndrome肠结核intestinal tuberculosis未定型结肠炎indeterminate cvlitis 胃炎gastritis 稳定性心绞痛stable angina pectoris 系统性红斑狼疮systemic lupus erythematosus 心肌病cardiomyopathy 心肌梗死myocardial infarction 心力衰竭heart failure 心律失常cardiac dysrhythmia 水肿edema功能性便秘functional constipation慢性乙性肝炎chronic hepatitis B virus hepatitis慢性丙性肝炎chronic hepatitis C virus hepatitis急性胆囊炎acute cholecysititis急性胰腺炎acute pancreutitis慢性阑尾炎chromic cholecysitis慢性胰腺炎chromic pancreutitis肠梗阻intestinal obstruction腹股沟斜疝direat ingwinal hernia脾破裂splenic mpture甲状腺腺瘤thyroid adenoma甲状腺瘤thyroid carcinoma原发性腹膜炎primary peritonitits乳腺瘤mammary cancer原发性肝癌primary carcinoma of the liver胰腺癌carcinama of pancrease 胆囊癌gaubladder cancer肝包虫hepatic hydatidosis下肢静脉曲张varicose veins of lower extremity 结直肠癌carcinoma of colon and reaturn肛瘘anal fistula胆石症cholelithiasis肛门癌anal cancer胃肠间质癌gastrointestinal stromal tumors宫颈癌cervical cancer卵巢癌ovarian cancer子宫内膜癌endometrial cancer子宫肉瘤aterine sarcomas绒毛膜上皮瘤choriocarcinoma小细胞肺癌small cell lury cancer非小细胞肺癌non small cell luny cancer黑色素瘤melanoma肉瘤sarcomas膀胱癌bladder cancer肾癌renal cell cancer垂体瘤pituitary adenoma直肠癌colorectal carcinoma鼻咽癌nasopharyngeal carcinama肠血管畸形vascularmalformation VM淋巴结转移癌cervical metastatic cancer胃溃疡并出血gastric ulcer and blood十二指肠溃疡duodenal ulcer DU胃息肉gastric sarcoma 骨髓瘤myeloma 阵发性室上心动过速paroxysmal supraventricu—lar tachycardia 原发性支气管肺癌primary bronchogenic carcino-ma 原发性高血压primary hypertension 预激综合征preexcitation syndrome 支气管扩张bronchiectasis 支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 隐匿性肾小球肾炎latent glomerulonephritis 心室间隔缺损ventricular septal defect 深静脉血栓形成deep venous thrombosis 急性支气管炎acute tracheo—bronchitis 急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tractinfection 急性肾衰竭acute renal failure 急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis 甲状腺功能减退症hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症hyperthyroidism 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗PCI 经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术PTCA 克罗恩病Crohn’s disease 溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis 类风湿关节炎rheumatoid arthritis 慢性肺源性心脏病chronic pulmonary heart dis-ease 脑栓塞cerebral embolism 癫痫epilepsy 多发性肌炎polymyositis 肥厚性心肌病hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肺梗死pulmonary infarction 肺栓塞pulmonary embolism 风湿性心脏瓣膜病rhematic valvular heart dis –dase 腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis 腹腔穿刺术abdominocentesis 腹水ascites 腹痛abdominal pain 腹泻diarrhea 腹胀abdominal distension 肝肺综合征hepatopulmonary syndrome 肝肾综合征hepatotenal syndrome 肝纤维化hepatic fibrosis 肝性昏迷hepatic coma 肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy 肝性胸水hepatic hydrothorax 骨质疏松osteoporosis 冠状动脉性心脏病coronary heart disease 冠状动脉造影术CAG 黑便melena 呼吸衰竭respiratory failure 病毒性肺炎viral pneumonia 病毒性肝炎viral hepatitis 病毒性心肌炎viral myocarditis 病态窦房结综合征sick sinus syndrome 主动脉关闭不全aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis 心悸palpitation 心室颤动ventricular fibrillation 心房颤动atrial fibrillation 细菌性食物中毒bacterial food poisoning 细菌性痢疾bacillary dysentery 血友病hemophilia 心室扑动ventricular flutter 心源性呼吸困难cardiogenic dyspnea 心源性晕厥cardiogenic syncope 心脏瓣膜病valvular heart disease 应激相关胃黏膜损伤stress-related gastric muco-sal injury 贫血anemia 糖尿病diabetes mellitus 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic ketoacidosis 痛风gout 头痛headache。
兽医临床病理学的复习题
兽医临床病理学一、中英文对译及名词解释一）RBC（Red Blood Cell红细胞），Erythrocyte(红细胞) ，WBC（White Blood Cell白细胞），Leucocyte(白细胞)，贫血（Anaemia），neutrophil (嗜中性粒细胞，NEU或NE), eosinophil (嗜酸性粒细胞,EOS 或EO), basophil(嗜碱性粒细胞，BAS或BA), lymphocyte（淋巴细胞，LYM 或LY）, monocyte（单核细胞，MON或MO）, band neutrophil(杆状核中性粒细胞), segmented neutrophil(分叶核中性粒细胞)，leucocytosis (白细胞增多症), leucopenia（白细胞减少症），neutrophilia（中性粒细胞增多）, monocytosis（单核细胞增多症）, lymphopenia（淋巴细胞减少症）， Hemoglobin（血红蛋白,Hb或HGB）, Reticulocytes（网织红细胞）, PLT（血小板），PCT（血小板压积），MPV（平均血小板体积），PDW（血小板体积分布宽度），P-LCR（大血小板几率），ESR（血液沉降速率，血沉）,红细胞平均容积（MCV）、细胞平均血红蛋白（MCH），红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC），红细胞压积（PCV或HCT），海蒽茨氏体（Heinz bodies）,豪威耳-若利氏小体 (Howell-Jolly bodies)，窦勒氏包涵体（Doehle’s inclusion bodies），兽医临床病理学(Veterinary Clinical Pathology）兽医实验室医学（ Veterinary Laboratory Medicine )，红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）, 红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数（RDW-CV，RDWc）, 红细胞体积分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)二）兽医临床病理学；贫血（是指循环血液单位体积内血红蛋白、红细胞数和/或红细胞压积低于健康动物的相应正常值时的状态。
围术期自体输血
Recommendation's usefulness/efficacy less well established Greater conflicting evidence from multiple randomized trials or metaanalyses
Recommendation that procedure or treatment not useful/effective and may be harmful Sufficient evidence from multiple randomized trials or meta-analyses
• 减少误判，节约血源和病人负担
• 某些例外是可能的 (< 10%)
围产期患者输入红细胞的合理性
The appropriateness of red blood cell transfusions in the peripartum patient Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(5 Pt 1):1000 Canada
– Transfusion Trigger
• Indications for Blood Transfusion
• Autotransfusion
– Preoperative Autologous Donation (PAD)
– Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH) Intraoperative Autologous Donation
• Class IIa
– With Hb< 6 g/dL, RBC transfusion is reasonable, as this can be lifesaving. Transfusion is reasonable in most postoperative patients whose Hb<7 g/dL, but no high-level evidence supports this recommendation. (Level of evidence C)
血液系统疾病英文缩写
血液系统疾病名称英文缩写AA:再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemia)ACD:慢性病贫血(anemia of chronic disorders)aCML:不典型慢性粒细胞白血病(atypical chronic myeloid leukemia) AHA:自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia)AIHA:自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia)AL:急性白血病(acute leukemia)ALL:急性淋巴细胞性白血病(Acute lymphocytic leukemia)AML:急性粒细胞性白血病(Acute myelocytic leukemia)AMKL:急性巨核细胞白血病(acute megakaryocytic leukemia )ANLL:急性非淋巴细胞性白血病(acute nonlymphocytic leukemia ) APA:急性失血性贫血(acute posthemorrhagic anemia)ATL:成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma) ATP:自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura)BL:嗜碱性粒细胞白血病(basophilic leukemia)CDA:纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(congenital dyserythropoietic anemia) CEL:慢性嗜酸性粒细胞白血病(chronic eosinophilic leukemia) CIMF:慢性特发性骨髓纤维化(chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis) CL:慢性白血病(chronic leukemia)CLL:慢性淋巴系白血病(chronic lymphoid leukemia)CLL:慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia)CLPD:慢性淋巴细胞增殖性疾病(chronic lymphoproliferative disorders)CML:慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia)CML:慢性髓细胞白血病(chronic myelocytic leukemia)CML:慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myelocytic leukemia)CMML:慢性粒-单核细胞白血病(chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) CMPDs:慢性骨髓增殖性疾病(chronic myeloproliferative disorders) CNL:慢性中性粒细胞白血病(chronic neutrophilic leukemia) DIHA:药物性溶血性贫血(drug-induced hemolytic anemia)EL:嗜酸性粒细胞白血病(eosinophilic leukemia)HA:溶血性贫血(hemolytic anemia)HAL:低增生性急性白血病(hypoplastic acute leukemia)HCL:毛细胞白血病(hairy cell leukemia)HSP:性紫癜又称亨-舒综合症（Henoch-Schonlein purpura）IDA:缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia)IM:传染性单核细胞增多症(Infectious Mononucleosis)IMF:原发性骨髓纤维化症(Idiopathic myelofibrosis)ITP:特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) JMML:幼年型粒-单核细胞白血病(juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia) LGLL:大颗粒淋巴细胞白血病(large granular lymphocytic leukemia) MA:地中海贫血(Mediterranean anemia)MA:巨幼细胞性贫血(megaloblastic anemia)MAL:急性混合细胞白血病(mixed acute leukemia)MCL:组织嗜碱细胞(肥大细胞)性白血病(mast call leukemia)MDS:骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndrome)MH:恶性组织细胞病(malignant histiocytosis)MH:恶性组织细胞增多症(malignant histiocytosis)ML:巨核细胞白血病(megakaryoblastic leukemia)MM:多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma)PHT:原发性出血性血小板增多症(primary hemorrhagic thrombocythemia) PLL:幼淋巴细胞白血病(prolymphocytic leukemia)PNH:阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿(paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) PRCA:纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(pure red cell aplasia)PS:单纯性紫癜(purpura simplex)PT:原发性或特发性血小板增多症(primary or idiopathic thrombocythemia)PV:真性红细胞增多症(polycythemia vera)RA:难治性贫血(refractory anemia)RARS:难治性贫血伴环状铁粒幼细胞RAWS:难治性贫血伴铁粒幼红细胞增多(refractory anemia with sideroblastosis)RCMD:难治性血细胞减少伴有多系发育异常RCMD-RS:难治性血细胞减少伴有多系发育异常和环状铁粒幼细胞SA:铁粒幼细胞改贫血(sideroblastic anemia)SCVL:绒毛淋巴细胞脾淋巴瘤(splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes)ST:继发性或反应性血小板增多症(secondary thrombocythemia)TEG:嗜酸性粒细胞增多症(cal eosinophilic granulocytosis)TTP:血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)。
医学翻译词汇十八_医学英语词汇
945transmittance 透射率，透光度transmitted light 透射光transmitter ①发射机，传递器②传感器③话筒transmitter receiver ①对讲机②发射接收机transorbitome 穿眶手术刀transparent 透明的，明显的transparent plastic 透明塑料transparent soap 透明皂transpirometer 蒸腾计transplant 移植物，移植片transplantation forceps 移植钳transplantation knife 移植刀transplantation scissors 移植剪transportation ①运输②输送装置transporter 输送器，传送装置transrectal plobe 经血肠探头transseptal catheterization 经中隔导管术transrectum radial scanner 直肠射线扫描器（b 超）transurethral 经尿道的transvenous catheter pacemaker 经静脉导管起搏器transverse 横间的，横断的transverse line 横线946transverse section 横切面transverter 变换器，换能器trap 收集器，陷波器，分离器trapper 陷波器travelling microscope 移动式显微镜travelling wave tube 行波管traverse 横过，交叉traverser 转盘，活动平台tray ①托盘，盆，槽②座，垫，托架tray carriage 托盘车tray rack 托盘架tread mill 活动平板车，踏旋器treat 治疗，处理，对待treatise 论文treatment 治疗，处理treatment of burn apparatus 烧伤治疗机treatment planningsystem (tps) 放射治疗计划系统treatment table 治疗台treatment unit 治疗装置，治疗机treaty ①条约协定②协商，谈判treble 三倍的tree 树，轴947tremogram 震颤描记图tremograph 震颤描记器tremolo 震动按摩器tremor 震颤tremorgram 震颤描记图tremorgraph 震颤描记器tremulor 振动治疗器，震颤机trend 方向，趋势trendgram 趋势图（心电图方面）trendgraph 趋势图描记器trendsetter 创造潮流者，时装设计师trepan 环钻trepan-formed perforator 圆钻形穿孔器trepanning instrument 圆锯开颅器械trephine 环钻，环锯trestle 台架，架柱trial 试验trial case 验光镜片盒，试镜箱trial frame 试镜架trial lens 试镜片trial lens frame 试片眼镜框trial print 相版948triangle 三角形triangle wire 天角丝triangular arm sling 三角臂吊带triangular bandage 三角绷带triangular knife 三角刀triangular needle 三角尖针triangular prism 三棱镜triangular scarf 三角巾triaxial 三维的，三轴的trichiasis forceps 倒睫钳trichinoscope 旋毛虫检查镜tricho-esthesiometer 毛发感觉计trick 特技tricolour tube 彩色显像管tricuspid valve 三尖瓣的trielcon 三爪钳trifocal lens 三焦点镜片trigeminal knife 三叉神经刀trigeminal nerve 三叉神经trigeminal scissors 三叉神经剪trigger 启动器，触发器trigonotome 膀胱三角刀949trilabe 三叉取石钳trimmer ①修整器，修整钻②微调电容trinocular microscope 三目显微镜trinocular tube 三目镜筒triode 三极管triode amplifier 三极管放大器triple-angle 三角器（牙科）triple blade rectal speculum 三翼直肠窥器triple change stethoscope 三用听诊器triplet ①三通，t 形接头②三个一组③三合透镜triplet thin lens 三合薄透镜triplography 三重造影术tripod 三脚架tripod assembly 三脚架tripod supported centrifuge 式支撑离心机trip off 断开，跳开trisecting forceps 三切钳tritium (abbr. 3h; t) 氚triturate tablet 模印片triturating machine 研制机triturator 研磨器，研制器triturium 分液器（分离不同密度的液体）950trivalent element 三价元素trivalve 三瓣的（窥器）trna (transfer rna) 转移核糖核酸trocar 套针，套管针trocar and cannula 套针套管trocar needle 套针trocar rasp 穿刺锉trocar sheath 套针鞘，外套管trochar 套针，套管针trochlear ergometer 滑车式功率计trochotron 余摆管，磁旋管，电子转换器trolley 小车，手推车tromometer 微震计tropometer ①眼球旋转计②长骨扭转计trouble 故障，干扰trouble shooting 故障检修，排除故障trough 沟，槽trousers ①裤子②整流罩truck 手推车，货车true 真的，校准true image 真像trumpet ①助听筒（聋人用）②喇叭形的东西951trumpet pudendal needle guide 喇叭型阴部针导子trumpet valve 喇叭型阀truss 疝带trust ①委托，责任②托拉斯，联合企业truth 真理，精确性try 试验，尝试ts (①tet solution ②totalsolids) ①试验溶液②固体粒子总数tsem (transmission scanning electron microscope) 发射电子扫描显微镜t-shaped 丁字形的t-shaped bone knife 丁字形骨刀t-shaped forceps 丁字钳t-shaped tracheal cannula 丁字形气管导管ts meter 固体粒子总数折射计t splint t 型夹t tube t 型管t tube hollow fiber ultrafilter 空心纤维型三通超滤器t-type drainage tube t 型引流管，胆管引流管tub 桶，槽，浴盆tube ①管，软管②电子管tube base 管座tube brush 管刷tube centrifuge 管式离心机952tube culture 试管培养tube diaphragm 球管隔栅tube head x 射线管头tube mill 管式球磨机tuberculin needle 结核菌素针tuberculin syringe 结核菌素注射器tube shield x 射线管套tube shutter x 射线管（装置）光闸tube stand 球管架，x 射线管支架tube tester 电子管试验器tubing 管道，管道系统tubular 管的，管状的tubular cooler 管式冷却器tubular forceps 管内钳tubular speculum 管形窥器tubular vaginal speculum 管形阴道窥器tubule 小管tumbler ①大玻璃杯②转换开关tumbler brush 玻璃杯刷tumbler dryer 玻璃杯干燥器tumor 肿瘤tumor forceps 肿瘤钳953tumor holding forceps 持瘤钳tunable filter 可调滤波器tune 调谐，调准tuner 调谐器，调整器tungar battery charger 钨氩蓄电池充电器tungsten 钨tungsten arc lamp 钨弧灯tuning fork 音叉tunnel 隧道tunneler 隧道掘进机，隧道器turbidimeter 浊度计，比浊计turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity ①浊度②混浊turbidostat 恒浊器turbinate 鼻甲turbinate curet 鼻甲刮匙turbinate knife 鼻甲刀turbinate scissors 鼻甲剪turbinatome 鼻甲刀turbine 涡轮机，汽轮机turbine drill 涡轮牙钻turbine type agitator 涡轮式搅拌器954turbine unit 涡轮机turbinotome 鼻甲刀turf (trans-tlrethral radio-fre-quency) 经尿道射频治疗仪turgograph 血压计turgometer 肿度测定器turgoscope 血压计turgosphygmoscope 血压计turn ①转动②匝，圈turn buckle 紧螺器turnkey 牙钥，拔牙器turnmeter 转速计turn-on 接通turn-out 断路turnstile antenna 绕杆式天线turntable 转台，唱片转盘tv (television) 电视机tv monitor 电视监视器tv pick-up attacnment 电视显示装置t wave t 波（心电图）tweezers 镊子，小钳子twice 两次，两倍twin adapter 双接头955twin lens reflex camera 双镜头反光照像机twin view stereoscopic microscope 双观察立体显微镜twist drill 旋钻，板钻twister 绞扭器，扭转器two dimensional 二维的，平面的two dimensional echocardiogram 二维超声心动图two dimensional echocardiograpt 二维超声心动图仪two dimensional ultrasonic cardiogram 二维超声心动图two fluid cell 两液电池twofold 两倍的，双重的two way 双通的two way catheter 双腔导管tympan 鼓室tympanic cannula 鼓室套管tympanic cavity catheter 鼓室导管tympanic mirror 鼓室反光镜tympanic trephine 鼓室环锯tympanogram 鼓室图tympanoplasty instrument 鼓室成形器械tympanum 鼓室type 类型，型号typer 打印机956typewriter 打字机typewriter ribbon 打字带typical 典型的，标准的typography 印刷术typoscope 弱视矫正器，助视器typotron 显字管tyre 轮胎tyroc screen 橡皮垫支架振动筛957医学词汇（u-w）u (uranium) 铀ubicon 紫外线摄像管ucf (ultracentrifuge) 超速离心机ucg (ultrasonic cardiogram) 超声心动图uct (ultrasond computer fomography) 超声计算机断层摄影u-gauge u 型压力计ultex 双焦点镜片ultimate ①最后的②基本的③极限的ultimate value 极限值ultra- 超，过度ultracentrifuge 超速离心机ultra cold storage freezer 超低温冰箱ultra cryotomy 冰冻超薄切片术ultra deep-freeze equipment 超低温冰箱ultrafilter 超滤器ultrafiltrate 超滤液ultrafiltration 超滤法ultrafiltration hemodialyzer 超滤血液透析器ultra-high frequence 超高频ultra low frequency 超低频ultra low temperature freeser 超低温冰箱958ultramicroanalysis 超微量分析ultramicrobalance 超微量天平ultramicroburette 超微量滴定管ultramicroelectrode 超微电极ultramicro fluorophotometer 超微量荧光光度计ultramicrometer 超级测微计ultramicropipet 超微量吸管ultramicrosampling 超微量采样ultramicroscope 超（高倍）显微镜ultramicroscopy 超显微镜检查，超显微术ultramicrospectrophotometer 超微量分光光度计ultramicrotome 超薄切片机ultramicrotomy 超薄切片术ultra-oscilloscope 超短波示波器ultraphonic 超声的ultraphotometer 超光度计ultra-red 红外线的ultra-ted rays 红外线ultrasensitive 超灵敏的ultrashort wave(abbr. usw) 超短波，微波ultrashort wave diathermy 超短波透热法ultrashort wave diathermy apparatus 超短波电疗机959ultrashort wave therapy 超短波电疗ultrashort wave therapy apparatus 超短波治疗机ultrashort wave therapy equipment 超短波电疗机ultrashort wave treatment 超短波疗法ultrasonator 超声振荡器，超声波发生器ultrasonic 超声波的，超音速的ultrasonic blood flow detector 超声血流探测器ultrasonic blood flowmeter 超声血流速计ultrasonic cardiogram (abbr. ucg) 超声心动图（一种从本体外测出心脏内各层组织结构周期性活动曲线的诊断技术）ultrasonic cardiograph (abbr. ucg) 超声心动图仪ultrasonic cardiography 超声心动描记术，心回波描记术ultrasonic cleaner 超声清洗器ultrasonic depth finder 超声波探测仪ultrasonic developing-out unit 超声显像仪ultrasonic disintegrator 超声波粉碎器，超声波分解器ultrasonic doppler blood flowmeter 多普勒超声血流量计ultrasonic duplex scanning 超声波双重扫描ultrasonic echogram 超声回波图ultrasonic examination 超声波检查ultrasonic fetal beat detector 超声胎儿心搏探测器ultrasonic flaw detector 超声波探伤器ultrasonic flow dtector 超声血流探测器960ultrasonic flowmeter 超声波流量计ultrasonic frequency 超声频率ultrasonic generator 超声波发生器ultrasonic holography 超声全息（照像）术ultrasonic imaging 超声波成像ultrasonic lithotrite 超声波碎石机ultrasonic microtome 超声切片机ultrasonic nebulizer 超声波雾化器ultraspcchymeter 超声厚度测量仪ultrasonic reflectoscope 超声波探伤仪ultrasonic room aerosol 超声室雾化器ultrasonic scaling unit 超声洁牙器ultrasonic scanner 超声波扫描仪ultrasonic scanning system 超声扫描系统ultrasonic scope 超声波显示仪ultrasonic stethoscoe 超声听诊器ultrasonic surgical aspirator 超声手术吸引器ultrasonic testing 超声波探伤法，超声波测试ultrasonic therapy unit 超声波治疗机ultrasonic tissue destrustor 超声组织粉碎机ultrasonic tomograph 超声切面显像仪ultrasonic tomographic apparatus 超声断层摄影仪961ultrasonic tomographic unit 超声断层摄影仪ultrasonic tooth cleaner 超声洁牙器ultrasonic transducer 超声换能器ultrasonic treatmemt 超声波疗法ultrasonic vapourizer 超声波雾化器ultrasonic vibratiion 超声振动（每秒钟20000 次以上的机械振动）ultrasonic washing unit 超声波清洗机ultrasonic wave 超声波ultrasonogram 超声波图ultrasonograph 超声图示仪ultrasonography () 超声波检查法ultrasonoscope 超声图示仪，超声波仪ultrasound 超声，超声波ultrasound cardiogram 超声心动图ultrasound contact scan tomograph 超声接触扫描断层摄影机ultrasound gel 超声导电膏ultrasound homogenizer 超声匀浆器ultrasound monitor 超声胎心监护仪ultrasound probe 超声波探头ultrasound real-time scanner 超声实时扫描仪ultrasound scanning system 超声扫描系统ultrasound scanner 超声扫描仪962ultrasound sector scanner 超声波扇形扫描仪ultrasound therapy apparatus 超声波治疗机ultrastructure 超微结构，亚显微结构ultra-thermometer 超高温度计，限外温度计ultrathermostat 超级恒温器ultrathin section 超薄切片ultraviolet (abbr. uv) ①紫外线②紫外线的ultraviolet absorptiometer 紫外吸收比色计ultraviolet air sterilization lamp 紫外线空气消毒灯ultraviolet burner 紫外线灯ultraviolet cytophotometry 紫外细胞光度测定法ultraviolet detector 紫外线探测器ultraviolet filter 滤紫外线器ultraviolet generator 紫外线发生器ultraviolet identifier 紫外线鉴别器ultraviolet lamp 紫外线灯ultraviolet laser 紫外线激光器ultraviolet light 紫外线ultraviolet microscope 紫外线显微镜ultraviolet radiation 紫外（线）辐射ultraviolet radiator 紫外线照射灯ultraviolet ray lamp 紫外线灯963ultraviolet rays 紫外线ultraviolet solidified apparatus 紫外线固化器ultraviolet spectrophotometer 紫外分光光度计ultraviolet therapeutic lamp 紫外线治疗灯ultraviolet-visible liner polarizer 紫外线可见光直线偏振镜ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer 紫外可见分光光度计umbilical button 脐钮unbilical canula 脐注射套管umbilical clamp 脐带夹umbilical cord scissors 脐带剪umbilical dressing 脐敷裹umbilical scissors 脐带剪umbrascopy ①x 射线透视检查②视网膜镜检查umbrella 伞，伞形物umbrella probang 伞形除鲠器un- 不，未，缺乏，相反unassembled 未装配的unbalance 不平衡uncharged 不带电的under- 在下，次，不足underdevelopment 显影不足underexposure 曝光不足964under frame 底架，底框underlay 垫物，衬层underlayer 底层under pan 底盘underplate 底座，底板under pressure 减压，抽空under runner mill 下旋式碾磨undersigned 签字于下的undine 洗眼壶unequal arm 不等臂unguentum 软膏ungula 死胎取出器uni- 一，单uniaural stethoscope 单耳听诊器uni-control 单向控制unification 统一，一致，联合unilateral transducer 单向换能器，单向传感器union ①结合，联合②协会union joint 连接头，连结器接头union nut 管接螺母unipolar 单极的，单电极的unipolar electrocardiograph 单极心电描记器965unipolar lead 单极导程unique 唯一的，独特的unit ①单位②设备，装置，部件unit-cell parameter 单个电极参数unite 联合，合并，结合unit of capacity 电容单位（法拉）unit price 单价univalent element 一价元素universal 通用的，万能的，全的universal agency 总代理universal arm 万能臂universal bridge 万用电桥，通用电桥universal camera microscope 万能照像显微镜universal condenser 通用聚光器universal conductiuity analyzer 通用电导仪universal counter 通用计数器universal diagnostic table 万能诊断床universal diagnostic x-ray unit 万能诊断x 射线机universal digital computer 通用数字计算机universal donor 万能输血者universal electroencephalograph 万能脑波计universal exposuremeter 万能曝光计966universal forceps 通用钳universal largefield microscope 万能广视野显微镜universal layergraph 万能断层机universal light electrical colorimeter 万能光电比色计universal measuring microscope 万能显微镜universal microform reader 多用途缩微阅读器universal microscope 万能显微镜universal microtome 万能切片机，自动切片机universal operating table 万能手术台universal research microscope 万能研究显微镜universal retractor 多用牵引器universal rotaging stage 万能旋转台universal solvent 王水universal stain 通用染剂universal strain amplifier 万能应变放大器universal time 国际标准时间universal tooth forceps 通用拔牙钳universal trocar 多用套针universal tube 通用管university （综合）大学univibrator 单稳多谐振荡器unmatched 不匹配的967unpolarizing 去极化unprecedented 空前的，新奇的unsaturated 不饱和的unstability 不稳定性untight 未密封的，不紧密的untreated 未处理的upper alimentary canal fiber endoscope 上消化道纤维内窥镜upper arm 臂upper limb 上肢，臂upright 直立的，笔直的upright metallurgical microscope 正置金相显微镜uranin 荧光素纳uranium(abbr. u) 铀urea- 脲，尿素nreameter 尿素计，脲量测定器nreometer 尿素计，脲量测定器ureter 输尿管ureteral bougie 输尿管探条ureteral catheter 输尿管导管ureteral catheter adapter 输尿导管接头uretero- 输尿管ureterocystoscope 输尿管膀胱镜968ureterogram 输尿管造影片ureterography 输尿管造影术ureteropyelography 输尿管肾盂造影术uretero-renoscope 输尿管肾盂镜ureteroscope 输尿管镜urethra 尿道urethral bougie 尿道探条urethral calibrator ①尿道测径器②尿道扩张器urethral catheter 尿道导管urethral catheterizatioin 尿道插管术urethral clamp 尿道夹urethral cotton carrier 尿道卷棉子urethral dilating sound 尿道扩张探子urethral dilator 尿道扩张器urethral forceps 尿道钳urethral irrigator 尿道冲洗器urethral lamp 尿道深部灯urethral probe 尿道探子urethral sound 尿道探子urethral speculum 尿道窥器urethral stricture electrode 尿道狭窄电极urethral syringe 尿道注射器969urethrameter 尿道测量器urethrascope 尿道镜urethreurynter 尿道扩张器urethro- 尿道urethrocystogram 尿道膀胱x 射线照片urethrocystography 尿道膀胱x 射线照像术urethrograph 尿道内径描记器urethrography 尿道x 线照像术urethrometer 尿道测量器urethroscope 尿道镜urethroscopy 尿道镜检查urethrostenotome 尿道狭窄切开器urethrosyrinx 尿道注射器urethrotome 尿道刀，尿道切开器uri- 尿uricometer 尿酸定量计，尿酸计urinacidometer 尿氢离子浓度测定器，尿ph 计urinal 尿壶，小便壶，贮尿器urinary catheter 尿管urinary drainage tube 泌尿引流管urinary drop spectrometer 尿滴分光计yrubary segregator 分隔采尿器970urine 尿urine analyzer 尿液成分测定仪urine automatic analyzer 自动尿液分析urine chemistry system 尿液化学分析仪urine flowmeter 尿流量计urine specific gravity refractometer 尿比重折射计urine test densimeter 验尿密度计urino- 尿urinoglucosometer 尿糖定量器，尿糖计urinology 泌尿科学urinometer 尿比重计urinometry 尿比重测量法urinoscope 尿检测计urinoscpy 尿检查uro- 尿uro-acidimeter 尿酸度测定仪uro-azotometer 尿氮计，尿氮定量器urocyst 膀胱urocytogram 尿内细胞像urodochium 尿壶，贮尿器uroflow analyzer 尿流率分析仪uroflowmeter 尿流量计971urogram 尿路造影片urography 尿路造影术urogravimeter 尿比重计urokymography 泌尿系统记波照像术urological radiogrphic table 泌尿系x 射线摄影床urological table 泌尿系检查台urometer 尿比重计uron 质子urophosphometer 尿磷定量器urorhythmography 输尿管口喷尿描记法uroscope 尿检查仪uroscopy 尿检查us (ultra-sonography) 超声波检查法usage 使用，用法use age 使用年限useful life 使用期限，有效寿命user 用户，使用者u-shaped inhaler tubing adapter u 型麻醉吸入接管u-shaped manometer u 型测压计utensil 器皿，用具uterine 子宫的uterine applicator 子宫卷棉子972uterine artery forceps 子宫动脉钳uterine biopsy curet 子宫活检刮匙uterine biopsy forceps 子宫活检钳uterine biopsy punch forceps 子宫活检咬取钳uterine catheter 子宫导管uterine cervical dilator 子宫颈扩张器uterine cervical packer 子宫颈填塞器uterine contraction transducer 子宫收缩传感器uterine cup 子宫帽uterine curet 子宫刮匙uterine curette 子宫刮匙uterine depressor 子宫压迫器uterine dilator 子宫扩张器uterine douche 子宫冲洗器uterine dressing forceps 子宫敷料钳uterine elevating forceps 子宫剥离钳，子宫持钳uterine elevator 子宫梃子uterine gauze packer 子宫纱布填塞器uterine hook 子宫钩uterine irrigating and dilating catheter 子宫扩宫灌洗管uterine irrigating catheter 子宫灌洗导管uterine polyp forceps 子宫息肉钳，子宫麦粒钳973uterine probe 子宫探针，子宫探子uterine repositor 子宫复位器uterine scissors 子宫剪，产科剪uterine scoop 子宫匙uterine sound 子宫探子uterine specimen forceps 子宫标本钳uterine syringe 子宫注射器uterine tenaculum 子宫钩uterine tenaculum forceps 子宫钩钳，子宫单爪持钳uterine vulsellum forceps 子宫双爪钳，子宫多齿钳utero- 子宫uterocolposcope 子宫阴道镜uterography 子宫（x 射线）造影术uterometer 子宫测量器uterometry 子宫测量法uterophotography 子宫x 射线造影术uterosalpingography 子宫输卵管x 射线造影术uteroscoope 子宫镜uteroscopy 子宫镜检查uterothermometry 子宫温度测量法uterotome 子宫刀uterotomy 子宫切开术974uterotractor 子宫牵引钳uterotubal 子宫输卵管的uterotubography 子宫输卵管x 射线造影术uterus 子宫uterus angiography catheter 子宫造影导管uterus canal forceps 子宫管钳uterus support 子宫托uterus tractor 子宫拉钩utility 有用，有效，实用（的）utility cart 小推车utilization 利用，应用u tube u 形管u tube manometer u 形管液体压力计uv (ultraviolet) 紫外线uv filter 紫外线滤色器uvio- 紫外线uviofast 抗紫外线的uviol 透紫外线玻璃uviolize 紫外线照射uviol lamp 透紫（外线）玻璃灯uviometer 紫外线测量计uv spectrophotometer 紫外分光光度计975uvula 悬雍垂uvula forceps 悬雍垂牵开器uvula retractor 悬雍垂牵开器uvula scissors 悬雍垂剪uvulatome 悬雍垂切除刀uvulotome 悬雍垂切除刀uw (ultrasonic wave) 超声波uv/vis spectrophotometer 紫外/可见光分先光度计v (①vanadium ②volt) ①钒②伏特vacancy 空，空白vaccinating clamp 种痘夹vaccinating comb 种痘梳vaccinating lancet 种痘刀vaccinating pen 种痘笔vaccination knife 种痘刀vaccination needle 接种针，种痘针vaccinator 接种器，种痘器vaccine ①菌苗，疫苗②牛痘苗vaccinostyle 种痘针vac. pup. (vacuum pump) 真空泵976vacreator 真空杀菌器vacuity 真空，空白vacuo 真空vacuometer 真空计，低压计vacustat 真空计vacuum 真空vacuum air pump 真空抽气泵vacuum bottle 保温瓶，热水瓶vacuum calorimeter 真空测热计vacuum chamber 真空腔，真空容器vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器vacuum desiccator 真空干燥器vacuum drier 真空干燥器vacuum dryer 真空干燥器vacuum drying apparatus 真空干燥器vacuum drying oven 真空干燥箱，真空烘箱vacuum electric furnace 真空电炉vacuum equipment 真空装置vacuum evaporator 真空蒸发器vacuum expander 真空膨胀器vacuum exsiccator 真空干燥器vacuum extractor ①真空提取器②真空吸引器977vacuum filter 真空抽滤器vacuum flask 真空瓶vacuum gauge 真空计vacuum hearing aid 真空管助听器vacuum investing machine 真空包埋机（牙科）vacuum ionization manometer 真空电离压力计vacuum meter 真空计，低压计vacuum mixing machine 真空混合机（牙科）vacuumometer 真空计，低压计vacuum oven 真空干燥箱vacuum pump 真空泵vacuum quantorecorder 真空光量计vacuum receiver 真空接受器vacuum still 真空蒸馏器vacuum suction massagelliut 真空抽吸按摩机vacuum tower 真空蒸馏塔vacuum tray dryer 真空盘架干燥器vacuum tube 真空管，电子管vacuum tube tester 真空管测试仪vagina 阴道vaginal 阴道的，鞘的vaginal applicator 阴道塞药器978vaginal clamp 阴道钳vaginal depressor 阴道压板vaginal dilator 阴道扩张器（扩阴器）vaginal forceps 阴道钳vaginal irrigating tube 阴道冲洗管vaginal plug 阴道塞vaginal retractor 阴道牵开器vaginal scrubber 阴道洗涤器vaginal smear 阴道涂片vaginal speculum 阴道窥器，窥阴器vaginal tampon 阴道塞vaginal tractor 阴道拉钩vagino- 阴道vaginogram 阴道x 射线（照）片vaginography 阴道x 射线照像术vaginometer 阴道测量器vaginoscope 阴道镜，阴道窥器vaginoscopy 阴道镜检查vaginotome 阴道切开刀vago- 迷走神经vagogram 迷走神经电（流）图vagotomy retractor 断迷走神经术牵开器979valency ①效价②化合价valency electron 价电子valid 有效的，确实的valid contract 有效合同validity 有效的，效力，有效期限valuable 有价值的，贵重的valuation 估价，评价value 价值，评价valve ①瓣膜②阈，活门③电子管valve generator 电子管振荡器valve radio set 电子管收音机valve receiver 电子管收音机valve scissors 瓣膜剪valve system for cerebrospinalfluid 脑积水引流装置valvoplasty 瓣膜成形术valvotome 瓣膜刀valvotomy 瓣膜切开术valvotomy knife 瓣膜切开刀valvula 瓣，瓣膜valvuloplasty 瓣膜成形术valvulotome 心瓣膜刀valvulotomy 瓣膜切开术980vanadium (abbr. v) 钒vane 叶片，刀片，瓣vanguard 先锋，先驱vapor ①蒸汽②吸入剂vaporarium 蒸汽疗器vapor density apparatus 蒸汽密度测定仪vapor density bulb 蒸汽密度测定球vaporimeter ①蒸汽压力计②挥发度计vaporiser 蒸发器，喷雾器vaporium 蒸汽疗器vaporization 汽化，蒸汽疗法vaporizer 蒸发器，喷雾器vaporometer ①蒸汽压力计②挥发度计vapor pressure osmometer 蒸汽压渗透压计vapor pressure tester 蒸汽压力测试器vapor sterilization 蒸汽消毒vapotron 蒸发冷却器vapour 蒸汽vapourizer 蒸发器，喷雾器，汽化器variable ①易变的，可调的②变量variable angle retinal camera 广角眼底照像机variable filter 可调滤波器981variable-note buzzer 变调蜂音器variable pacemaker 可调式心脏起搏器variable temperature unit 变温仪器variable-voltage regulator 可变电压调节器variance 变化，偏差，变量variation 变化，变更variator 变速器varico- 静脉曲张varicocele clamp 精索静脉曲张夹varicography 曲张静脉照像术variety 多样性，变化，种类varifocal lens 变焦距镜头varifocal objective 变焦距物镜varimetric micropipettor 可调微量注射器variograph 变压计，变量计variohm 可变电阻器various 各式各样的，不同的varistor 变阻器，压敏电阻varnish 漆，清漆vasal 管的，脉管的vascular 血管的，导管的vascular bed 血管床982vascular clamp 血管夹vascular dilator 血管扩张器vascular endoscope 血管（内腔）镜vascular forceps 血管钳vascular grafts 人造血管vascular prosthesis 人造血管vascular retractor 血管牵开器vascular scissors 血管剪vascular suction tube 血管吸管vascular tissue forceps 血管组织镊vase 花瓶，瓶vaseline 凡士林vaso- 血管，管vasoconstriction 血管收缩vasodepression 血管减压vasodilatatioin 血管舒张vasography 血管造影术vasomotion 血管舒缩vasomotor apparatus 血管运动装置vasoscillator bed 血管振荡床（可以翻转，以恢复血管功能）vasotribe 血管压轧钳vasotripsy 血管压轧术983vat 桶，槽，缸，箱vc (vital capacity) 肺活量vcg (vectorcardiogram) 心向量图vdr (video disc recorder) 圆盘录像机vectogram 向量图，矢量图vectograph 向量图描记器vector 向量，矢量vectorcardiogram (abbr. vcg) 心电向量图，矢量心电图vectorcardiograph (abbr. vcg) 心电向量仪，矢量心电图描记器vector diagram 矢量图，向量图vector-electrocardiograph 心电向量图机vector electro-oculograph 向量眼电计vectorgram 心电向量图，向量图vector loop 向量环vectorlyser 向量分析器vectormeter 矢量计vector quantity 向量vectorscope （色度）矢量显示器vectron 超高频频谱分析仪vehicle 车辆，运送装置vein 静脉vein dilator 静脉扩张器984vein hook 静脉钩vein ocluder 静脉闭塞器veinogram 静脉造影片veinography 静脉造影术vein remaining needlleiv 留置针vein retractor 静脉牵开器vein scissors 静脉剪vein-seeker 静脉探索器vein spreader 静脉支摊开器vcin stretcher 静脉拉直器vein stripper 静脉支剥除器velocimeter 流速计，速度计velocitron 质谱仪velocity 速度，速率velocity gradient 速率梯度velograph 速度记录仪，速度计velometer 速度计venacaval clamp 腔静脉夹venacavography 腔静脉照像术ven dor ①售主，卖主②自动售货机veno- 静脉venoclysis needle 静脉输液针（小儿头皮针）985venogram 静脉造影片，静脉描记图venography 静脉造影术，静脉搏描记法venostat 静脉郁阻器venous cannula 静脉套管venous retum catheter 静脉血流管venous valve 静脉瓣vent 孔，通风口ventilating fan 通风扇ventilation 通风，换气ventilation grate 通风栅（冰箱）ventilation installation 通风设备ventilation monitor 换气量监测仪ventilator ①呼吸器②通气机，空气调节器vent needle 孔针ventouse 吸杯，拔罐ventricle 室（如脑室，心室等）ventricle needle 脑室针ventricular 室的ventricular cannula 脑室套管ventricular catheter 心室导管ventricular casing pipe 脑室套管ventricularendoscope 脑室镜986ventricular needle 脑室针ventricular puncture needle 脑室穿剌针ventriculo- ①心室②脑室ventriculocentesis 脑室穿刺术，心室穿刺术ventriculogram 脑室造影片，心室造影片ventriculography 脑室造影术，心室造影术ventriculometry 脑室内压测量法ventriculopuncture 脑室穿刺术，心室穿刺术ventriculoscope 脑室镜ventriculoscopy 脑到镜检查ventriculostium 脑室瘘ventro- 腹，腹侧ventroscope 腹腔镜ventroscopy 腹腔镜检查vep (visual evoked potential) 视觉诱发电位ver (visual evoked response) 视觉诱发反应verdict 判定，判断，意见berge 环，边缘，界限verification 检验，核实verifier 检验机，取样器verify 证明，检验vermix 阑尾987vermography 阑尾x 射线造影术vernier 游标，游标尺vernier calliper 游标卡尺versatile 万能的，通用的，多方面的version ①翻译，译文②模型种类③胎位倒转术verso 背面，书的左页，书的反页vertebra 椎骨，脊椎vertebral arteriogram needle 椎骨动脉描记图针vertebral plate tractor 椎板牵引器vertebrated catheter 分节导管vertebrated probe 有节探子vertical ①垂直的②垂直面vertical dimension 垂直尺度vertical fluorescence illuminator 落射光荧光照明器vertical high pressure steam boiler 立式高压蒸汽锅vertical illuminator 垂直照明器vertical line 重直线vertical mercury column nanometer 立式汞柱血压计vertical microscope 立式显微镜vertical section 垂直切面vertical vacuum gauge 垂直式真空压力计vertigraphy 体层x 射线照像术,断层x 射线照像术988vertometer 焦度计，屈度计vesical goniometer 膀胱测角计vesical stone 膀胱结石vesiculogram 精囊造影片vesiculography 精囊x 射线造影术vessel ①血管，脉管②容器，器皿，罐，槽，瓶，桶vessel approximator 血管合拢器vessel clamp 导管夹，动脉止血钳vessel dilator 血管扩张器vessel forceps 血管钳vessel irrigating needle 血管冲洗针vessel knife 血管刀vessel smooth forceps 无齿血管钳vessel spreader 微血管扩张器vessel supporter 血管支持器vessel suturing guide 血管缝合导子vest 背心，防护衣vestibular apparatus 前庭器官vestibule 前庭vest-pocket 袖珍的，小型的vest-pocket camera 袖珍照像机，小型照像机veterinary 兽医（的）989veterinary instruments 兽医器械veterinary needle 兽用注射针veterinary station 兽医站veterinary thermometer 兽用温度计vi (virginium)via 经过，经由，通路viability 生活力，生育力vial 小瓶，管形瓶vibra- 振动vibrameter 振动计，振动式计量器vibrating diaphragm 振动膜vibrating mirror 振动镜vibrating screen 摆动筛vibration 振动vibration frequency meter 振动频率计vibration meter 振动计vibration-proof 防震的vibratode 振动器极，振动器导子vibrator ①按摩器②振动器vibratormeter 振动计，振动式计量仪vibrocardiogram 心振动（描记）图vibrocarkkiograph 心振加速记录仪990vibrocardiography 心振动描记术vibrogen-cell mill 细胞研磨粉碎仪（联中经销）vibrogram 振动图vobrograph 示振器，振动计vibrolode 振动器导子，振动器极vibrossage 振动按摩器vibromasseur 振动按摩器vibrometer ①振动计②振动治聋器vibrophone 鼓膜振动器vobrophonocardiogram 心振动心音描记图vibropnonocardiograph 心振动心音测示仪vibroscope 示振仪，振动计vibroshock 减振器，缓冲器，阻尼器vibrosieve 振动筛vice 台钳，（老）虎钳vice jaw 钳口，台钳口victory 胜利video 电视，视频，影像video amplifier 视频放大器video camera 电视摄像机vidio camerasystem 电视摄像机vidio camera system 电视摄像系统991video cassette 录像磁带插盒video cassette editing rexorder 磁带编辑录像机video cassette recorder 电视录像机，视频录像机video cassette tape 录像磁带videocast 电视广播video change-oner device 视频转换装置video circuit 视频电路videocorder 录像机videodensitometer 图像测密计video disc (电视)录像圆盘video film 电视片videofloppysystems 电视软盘系统videognosis 电视x 射线诊断术videographic display 图像显示video head ①摄像机前置放大器②录像磁头video imager 映像机video magnetic tape 录像磁带video magnetic tape recorder 磁带录像机video memory 电视存储器video picture 显像video recorder 电视录像机video recording 电视录像992viceo recording tape 录像磁带video scanning 视频扫描video scanning densitometer 图像扫描测密度计videoscope 视频示波器video tape 录像磁带video tape evaluator 录像磁带鉴定机video tape recorder (abbr.v.t.r.) 电视磁带录像机，视频信号磁带录像机video tape recording 磁带录像video unit 电视摄像器vidicon 视像管vierordt’s hemotachometer 菲罗特氏血流速度计view 观察，视力viewer ①观察器，指示器，检视器②电视接收机view-finder 录像器，取景器viewing box 看片灯viewing hood 遮光罩viewing-screen 观察屏viewpoint 观点vinegar 醋vinificator 酒精凝结装置vinometer 酒精比重计vinyl 乙烯基，乙烯树脂993vinyl disc 塑料盘vinyl film 乙烯薄膜vinyl hose 乙烯软管violation 违背，扰乱violent 猛烈的，极端的violet 紫（色）violet ray 紫色光线viral 病毒的virginium(abbr.vi)virology 病毒学virtual image 虚像virtual impedance 有效阻抗virtual value 有效值virtue 效力，优点，性能virulence 毒性，毒力virus 病毒viwano. 护照签证号visceral effector 内脏效应器viscero- 内脏viscirography 脏器（x 射线）造影术viscerotome ①尸体肝组织刺取器②内脏切除刀viscidity 粘性994viscometer 粘度计viscose 粘胶，粘的viscosimeter 粘度计viscosimetry 粘度测定法visclsity 粘（滞）度，粘性viscosity pipet 粘度管vise 台钳visible light 可见光谱visble speech training system 语言训练器visile 视觉vision 视力，视觉vision stimulator 视力刺激器vision test card 视力表viseon tester 视力测试仪visor ①护目镜②假面具③观察孔visual 视觉的，视力的visual analysor ①视觉分析器②光分析器visual field plotter 视野描绘器visualizer 观察器，显影仪visual prostatic electrotome 目视前列腺电刀visual stimulator 视力刺激器visral testing chat 视力表995visual testing mirror 视力检查反光镜visual threshold 视觉阈visroauditory 视听觉的visuometer 视力计vita 生命，生活vital 活的，有生命的vital capacity 肺活量vitality 生命，活力vital signs 生命特征vital signs monitor 生命特征监测仪vitameter 维生素分析仪，维生素测定器vitamin 维生素vitaminoscope 维生素a 缺乏检眼器vitascope (早期的)电影放映机vitreors electricity 玻璃电（毛绒摩擦玻璃所引起的电）vitreous implant needle 玻璃体移植针vitreum 玻璃体vocal apparatus 发音器vocal chords fiberscope 声带纤维镜vocoder 自动语音合成仪，声码器vogue 流行，时髦voiue 语音，声音996voice controller 声音控制器voice tube 话筒vol. (volume) ①容量②音量③卷，册volatile 挥发性的volatile oil determination apparatud 挥发油测定仪volatility 挥发性volatillizer 挥发器volometer 伏安表，万能电表volsella 双爪钳volt(abbr.v) 伏（特）voltage 电压voltage calibrator 电压校准器voltage divider 分压器voltage probe 电压探头voltage selecting switch 电压选择开关voltage stabilizer 稳压器，电压稳定器voltaic cell 电池voltaic electricity 伏打电，流电voltaism 伏特电（直流电）voltameter 伏特计，电压计voltammeter 伏安计，电压电流计voltampere 伏（特）安（培）997voltmeter 伏特计，电压计volt-ohmmeter 伏特欧姆计，电压电阻表volume (abbr.vol.) ①容积，体积，容量②音量③卷，册volumenometer 容积计，体积计volume receptor 容量感受器volumeter 容积计，容量计volumetric analysis flask 容量分析烧瓶volumetric flask 容量瓶volumetric infusion pump 定量输液泵volumetric pipette 容量吸管volumette 重复定量滴管volume ventilator 容积换气机volumometer 容积计voluntary 自愿的，随意的。
诊断和治疗词汇中英对照
诊断和治疗词汇中英对照诊断，是指根据症状来识别病人所患何病，包括两个方面：一是诊，二是断。
司法部门判定血缘关系和伤害性质也属诊断。
用来认识疾病的诊断最广泛，是治疗、预后、预防的前提。
接下来小编为大家整理诊断和治疗词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!inspection 望诊inquiry 问诊auscultation 听诊percussion 扣诊palpation 触诊biopsy 活组织检查pathological section 病理切片endoscopy 内窥镜检查ECG(electrocardiogram) examination 心电图检查EEG(electrocardiogram) examination 脑电图检查Intravenous pyelography 静脉肾盂造影术Skin-test 皮肤试验examination by centesis 穿刺检查routine analysis of blood 血常规分析urine analysis of blood 尿常规分析red blood cell count(RBC) 红细胞计数white blood cell count(WBC) 白细胞计数general check-up 全身检查routine examination 常规检查follow-up examination 随访检查consultation 会诊emergency 急诊diagnosis 诊断prognosis 预后convalescence, recovery 康复relapse 复发treatment 治疗prescribe 开药方fill a prescription 配药injecting 打针hypodermic injection 皮下注射intramuscular injection 肌肉注射intravenous injection 静脉注射inoculating 预防注射fluid infusion 点滴注射blood transfusion 输血dose 剂量tablet 药片capsule 胶囊liquid medicine 药水powder 药粉ointment 药膏(软膏)plaster 硬膏，石膏lotion 洗剂suppository 栓剂analgesics 止痛药antipyetics 退烧药antitussive 止咳药expectorant 祛痰药diuretics 利尿药hemostatic 止血药antidiarrheal 止泄药antipruritic 止痒药antidote 解毒药antirheumatic 抗风湿药anticarcinogen 抗癌药antibiotics 抗菌素anticoagulant 抗凝剂cardiac tonic 强心药vasodilator 血管舒张药vasoconstrictor 血管收缩药antiepileptic 抗癫痫药antispasmodic 解痉药sedative 镇静药anesthetics 麻醉药penicillin 盘尼西林streptomycin 链霉素gentamycin 庆大霉素aspirin 阿斯匹林morphine 吗啡dolantin 度冷丁iodine 碘酒distilled water 蒸馏水normal saline solution 生理食盐水atropine 阿托品hormone 激素glucose 葡萄糖side effect, adverse effect 副作用operative treatment 手术疗法major operation 大手术minor operation 小手术anesthesia 麻醉general anesthesia 全身麻醉local anesthesia 局部麻醉excision, removal, resection 切除术tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术pneumonectomy 肺切除术mastectomy 乳房切除术gastrectomy 胃切除术cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术hepalobectomy 肝叶切除术splenectomy 脾切除术nephrectomy 肾切除术salpingectomy 输卵管切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术hysteromyomectomy 子宫肌瘤切除术proctectomy 直肠切除术appendectomy 阑尾切除术prostatectomy 前列腺切除术tracheotomy 气管切开术incision of abscess 脓肿切开术craniotomy 颅骨切开thoracotomy 胸廓切开laparotomy 剖腹术amputation 截肢fixation 固定hot compress 热敷cold compress 冷敷gastric lavage 洗胃enema 灌肠urethral catheterication 导尿hemostasis 止血dressing 包扎sew up the incision 缝合切口remove the stitches 拆线cardiac massage 心脏按摩artificial respiration 人工呼吸diet 饮食special diet 特定饮食low protein diet 低蛋白饮食low fat diet 低脂肪饮食low calorie diet 低热量饮食liquid diet 流质饮食semi-liquid diet 半流质饮食solid diet 固体饮食light diet 易消化的饮食vegetable diet 素食。
(完整版)肝胆外科文献常用英语单词
文件生词malignancy恶性 ,恶性肿瘤hepatectomy肝切除术bilirubin胆红素bilirubinemia胆红素血症Hyperbilirubinemia高胆红素血症Indocyanine green吲哚花青绿indocyanine green retention靛青绿滞留量试验hepatic insufficiency肝功能不全,肝功能衰败jaundice黄疸retrospective review回首性检查intraoperative手术中的 ,术中parameters参数Logistic Regression Logistic 回归prognosis预后prognostic预后的hilar门的 ,脐的cholangiocarcinoma胆管上皮癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma肝内胆管癌anatomic解剖的 ,解剖学的hepatic hilus肝门perioperative围手术期的indicationcurativeresectionlikelihoodliver functionmetastasis hepatocellular carcinoma unexpectedcholestasisbiliary drainageextended hemihepatectomy Trisegmentectomy Chronic viral hepatitis cirrhosisserumon admission percutaneous transhepaticendoscopic biliary drainage endoscopicdrainage tubeportal vein 适应证 ,指征治愈的切除术可能性肝功能转移肝细胞癌不测的 ,突然的胆汁淤积胆汁引流扩大部分肝切除术三段切除慢性病毒性肝炎肝硬化免疫血清 ,血清住院时 ,住医院时经皮的经肝的内镜胆管引流 ,内镜胆管引流术内窥镜的 ;内窥镜检查的引流管 ,排液管门(静)脉,embolization peritoneal dissemination laparotomydistant metastasis Surgical Procedures anastomosis entericin terms of hemorrhage hemorrhagic hemolysis hemolytic hematology hematological hemodynamics coagulation status prothrombin time栓塞 ,栓塞术 ,栓子形成腹膜的播散 ,分布剖腹手术远端转移外科手术符合术肠的以的看法;以的方式出血出血性的溶血溶血的血液学血液的血流动力学高凝状态凝血酶原时间activated partial thromboplastin time激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间antithrombin抗凝血酶thrombolytic溶血栓药 ,血栓溶解剂duration连续时间 ;时期nonlinear least squares method natural logarithmcategorizegalactose tolerance testhalf lifecomputed tomography scan contrast mediumbolusintegrated softwarevariablescontinuous variable categorical variable univariatemultivariateunivariate analysis multivariate analysis stepwise procedurechi square testcutoff valueOdds RatioMann Whitney testtailed 非线性最小平方法自然对数分类半乳糖耐量试验半衰期计算机体层拍照扫描 ,CT对照剂 ,造影剂推注集成软件变量连续变量分类变量单变量多变量单变量剖析多元剖析 ,多元统计剖析逐渐过程χ2查验 ,卡方查验 ,截断值比值比曼-怀二氏查验有尾的扫描receiver operating characteristic curve接受者（机）操作特点曲线morbidity and mortality decompressionin regard toliving related liver transplantation parenchymaliver parenchymaexcretoryparenchymalshrinkagebiotransformationadenosine triphosphate ammoniaAspartate Aminotransferase Alanine Aminotransferase Lactate Dehydrogenase alkaline phosphataseglutamylInferior Vena Cavaabdominal aortaParaaorticceliac axis 并发症和死亡率减压对于 ,至于活体家属供肝肝移植术实质肝实质排泄的 ,分泌的质的 ,主质的皱缩 ,皱缩度生物转变三磷腺苷氨天冬氨酸氨基转移酶丙氨酸氨基转移酶乳酸脱氢酶碱性磷酸酶谷氨酰基下腔静脉腹主动脉主动脉旁的腹腔干common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery superior mesenteric Artery Hepatic artery thrombosis pseudoaneurysm portacaval shunt arterialization angiographyocclusionoccludedcollateralconfluenceautologous vein graftporta hepatisPortal lymph nodesecond order biliary radicles lobar atrophycaudate lobefalciform ligament periampullary Retroduodenaljejunum (jejunal)肝总动脉肝固有动脉肠系膜上动脉肝动脉血栓形成假性动脉瘤门(静脉与 )腔静脉分流术动脉化血管造影术闭塞堵塞闭塞的侧的 ,侧支 ,副的合流 ,汇流自体静脉移植物肝门肝门淋奉承二级胆管根肝叶萎缩尾状叶肝镰状韧带壶腹四周的十二指肠后的空肠（的）ileum (ileal)colon(colonic)rectum (rectal)anal canaloncologyoncologicalneoplasmneoplasticneoplastic seedingpapillary tumor adenocarcinoma cystadenomatestisgastrinomasquamous cell carcinoma carcinoid tumorssarcomafocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) parenchymal disease advanced cancerwell differentiatednodule 回肠（的）结肠（的）直肠（的）肛管肿瘤学肿瘤学的肿瘤，重生物肿瘤的，重生物的肿瘤播种乳头瘤腺癌囊腺瘤睾丸胃泌素瘤鳞状细胞癌类癌瘤子局灶性结节性增生器质性疾病后期癌症分化优秀结节nodal metastases therapeutic effect neoadjuvant chemotherapy radiofrequency ablation arterial chemoembolization infiltrating macroscopically carcinoembryonic antigen indication contraindication preoperative workup postoperative morbidity rate operative approach radical operationen blocinoperablepalliativediagnostic laparoscopy non-therapeutic laparotomy invasive techniques procedural complications pancreaticoduodenectomy 淋奉承转移疗效新协助化疗射频消蚀动脉化疗性栓塞浸润肉眼 [检查 ]的;目视的癌胚抗原适应症指征禁忌证术前全面评估术后并发症发生率手术入路根治术 ,根治性手术整个地 ,整块地不可以手术的 ,不可以做手术的姑息的诊疗性腹腔镜检查非治疗性剖腹探查术微创技术手术并发症胰十二指肠切除术Adrenalectomy肾上腺切除术thrombectomy血栓摘除术lymphadenectomy淋奉承切除术Lymph Node Dissection淋奉承打扫术lymph node harvest淋奉承打扫end to side anastomosis端侧符合术hepaticojejunostomy肝空肠符合术cholecystectomy胆囊切除术Caudate lobectomy尾状叶切除术radiopharmaceutical agent放射性药剂iodized oil碘化油absolute ethanol无水乙醇scintigraphy闪耀扫描术helical螺旋的 ,螺旋状 ,螺旋状的cross sectional imaging横断层面成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)磁共振成像endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)内镜下逆行胆胰管造影magnetic resonancecholangiopancreatography(MRCP)磁共振胰胆管成像intraoperative ultrasonography术中超声检查法contrast enhanced computed tomography对照加强扫描 CTpositron emission tomography PET正电子发射断层扫描cholangiogram Recurrencefollow upconcomitant comorbiditiesbleeding extravasation hemobiliabiliary fistulapleural effusionlung edema splenomegaly hypersplenismhepatic encephalopathy ascitessubphrenic abscess endotoxaemia myocardial infarction pyrexialhypothermicBiliary Stricture 胆管造影复发随访伴发的 ,附随的并存病出血 ,流血外渗 ,溢出胆道出血胆瘘胸腔积液肺水肿脾肿大脾功能亢进肝性脑病腹水膈下脓肿内毒素血症心肌梗死发热的低体温的胆管狭小steatohepatitisfatty liveradipose tissueprimary sclerosing cholangitis anginasepsisperfusionex vivoin situright upper quadrant proximal partperineuralbifurcationipsilateralInstitutional Review Board Ethics Committees predispose toplatelethyperalimentationcirrhoticmorbiditymedications 脂肪性肝炎脂肪肝脂肪组织原发性硬化性胆管炎心绞痛败血症 ,脓毒症灌输离体 ,在活体外原位右上象限近心端神经四周的二根分叉部 ,分岔身体的同侧的 ,同侧的机构审察委员会伦理学委员会易患，使易感染、引发血小板高营养支持硬变的并发症，发病率用药dislodgegonadalHistologicfrozen sectionatrophyhypertrophy proliferation hyperplasiaStem cellsbone marrow derived epitheliumencasedreconstruction inflammatorybroad spectrum antibiotics blood cultureGram Negative bacillus cut surfacestentcatheterdirect cannulation spectrophotometer 移去 ,逐出 ,拿出性腺的 ,生殖腺的组织学的冰冻切片萎缩肥大 ,过分生长增生 ,增殖增生 ;数目性肥大干细胞骨髓衍生的上皮 ,上皮细胞包裹重修 ,再造 ,重构炎症性的广谱抗菌素血培育革兰阴性 [芽胞 ] 杆菌切面支架导管直接插管分光光度计rupturesomatostatinExtracellular MatrixcohortLength of Stayafter dischargestratifiedclear cutIn this regardcome at a cost progressivelyrationalehomogeneous heterogeneousputativeomnipotentas controlspreconditioned preconditioning prospectivelyprospective randomized date Disease-Specific survival 破碎 ,vt.(使)破碎生长抑素细胞外基质同期组群住院时间出院后分层的 ,成层的明确的在这方面是有代价的进行性地 ,渐进地原理 ,基础理论同类的同质的异类的 ,不一样的假设的全能的 ,无所不可以的作为比较预办理预办理前瞻性前瞻性随机数据疾病特异性生计率irreversible不行逆的references参照Cochrane循证医学cholangiopancreatography胰胆管造影术resolution分辨率（信心，决策解决）herein这样 ,基于，在此处iatrogenic医源性palliation和缓 ,减少running suture连续缝合orthotopic liver transplantation原位肝移植chemoradiation放化疗preneoplastic change癌前变化carcinogenesis致癌作用dysplasia发育不良 ,不典型增生endoprosthesis内镜置管术pruritus瘙痒pruritis瘙痒症Etiology (aetiology)病原学etiologic病原学的epidemiology流行病学epidemiological流行病学的pathophysiology病理生理学lesionRadionuclidenitrosaminepathogenesiscarcinoidMucinous Adenocarcinoma Clear cell adenocarcinoma Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma Squamous Cell CarcinomaOat Cell Carcinoma Undifferentiated Carcinoma PapillomatosisPapillary Carcinoma hepatoblastoma Haemangioendothelioma neuroendocrine tumour Leiomyosarcomamalignant fibrous histiocytoma nodular tumorscachexiasterilize 病变放射性核素亚硝胺类发病体制类癌黏液腺癌透明细胞腺癌印戒细胞腺癌腺鳞状癌鳞状细胞癌燕麦细胞癌未分化癌乳头状瘤病乳头状癌肝母细胞瘤血管内皮瘤神经内分泌瘤光滑肌瘤子恶化纤维组织细胞瘤结节性肿瘤恶液质灭菌 ,消毒surgical radicality angiogeneticangiogenic antiangiogenic chemosensitization photosensitizerirradiation conformational radiotherapy brachytherapy stereotactic interventional radiology oxaliplatindoxorubicingemcitabine immunosuppressant Portographycontrast agentlipiodolIodophorcystic ductcholedochal duct choledochal cysts手术的根治性血管生成血管源性的，生成血管的抗血管生成的化疗增敏感光剂 ,光敏剂放射，照耀适形放射治疗短距离放射治疗立体定位的 ,立体定向的介入放射学奥沙利铂多柔比星吉西他滨免疫克制剂门静脉造影术对照剂 ,造影剂碘油碘伏胆囊管胆总管胆总管囊肿Choledocholithiasis hepatolithiasisoriental cholangiohepatitis Biliary malformationLiver flukeprotocoltherapeutic regimen Palliative TreatmentSigns and Symptoms plethoraDifferential Diagnosis Randomized Controlled Trials enterocinesiaLigationluminal obstruction screeningpredisposing factor enhanced susceptibility hyperbaric oxygen treatment asymptomaticindolentIntractable Pain 胆总管结石肝内胆管结石病东方人胆管肝炎胆管畸形肝吸虫治疗方案治疗方案姑息治疗体征和症状多血症 ,多血质鉴识诊疗随机比较试验肠动 ,肠蠕动结扎术官腔堵塞普检 ,筛查 ,挑选易感要素加强易感性高压氧治疗无症状的无痛的固执性痛苦visceralsteatosislatencyside effectsdecompensationanoxiaanoxicanoxemia.ischemiaIschemia-Reperfusion Injury ischemic changeanemiapyogenicpurulenthepatomegalyumbilical fissurecytokineneuropeptide neurotransmitterfluorescence in situ hybridization necrosisnecrocytosis 内脏的脂肪变性潜藏期副作用失代偿缺养症缺氧的缺氧血症 ;血缺氧局部缺血 ,缺血缺血再灌输损害缺血性改变贫血化脓的化脓性 ,脓性的肝肿大裂脐细胞因子神经肽神经递质荧光原位杂交坏死细胞坏死apoptosisapoptotic desmoplastic reaction oncogene Suppressor Genes geneticepigenetic change hypermethylation sequential occurrence stepwise mesenchymal morphologyatypiaPhenotype dehydrationparaffin impregnation embeddingserial section anesthesia anesthesiology anesthetist凋亡细胞凋亡的纤维成形性反响癌基因克制基因遗传的基因外改变超甲基化次序发生分步的 ,分段的 ,逐渐的间质形态非典型 ,异型性表型脱水白腊浸渍 ,受精 ,受孕包埋 ,埋植连续切片麻醉麻醉学麻醉师palpationorificeone orificeintubatepancreatic secretion centrifuge cannulationreactive oxygen species recanalizationCeliac Plexus arteriolarCollateral Circulation intimasubintimal mitochondria multifocalendemicamenablemore specifically mainstaykinklethal 触诊管口 ,口,小孔一个管口插管胰腋离心 ,,离心计管子活性氧再通，再穿通腹腔丛微动脉的 ,小动脉的侧支循环内膜内膜下的线粒体多病灶的地方性的合适的更详细地说主要依照扭折 ,纽结致命的peculiarity armamentarium demarcate paucity migration interim report nihilistic enigmatic occult autopsy detritus antegrade retrograde endogenous exogenous intracorporeal extracorporeal autocrine paracrine xenogenic cryptogenic insidiously 特征医疗设施 ,设施划界限 ,分开 ,差别资料困穷移位中期报告虚无主义的难理解的，神奇的隐藏的，潜隐的尸检腐屑 ,腐质 ,碎屑顺行的逆行的内源的 ,内生的外源的 ,外生的体内的体外的自分泌旁分泌异体的 ,异种的隐原性的 ,原由不明的隐袭地congenital hereditarypitfallBiliary anomalies cholecystolithiasis cholecystitis choledocholithiasis total bilirubin unconjugated bilirubin conjugated bilirubin bile plugsinusoidsinusoidal transjugular portosystemic shunt hepatic coma hyperammonaemia hypoalbuminemia neuropsychiatric confusion disorientation astrocyte 天生的 ,天生的遗传的 ,遗传性的缺点胆道畸形胆囊结石胆囊炎胆总管结石总胆红素游离胆红素联合胆红素胆栓血窦，窦状隙血窦的窦状隙的经颈静脉的门体分流术肝昏倒高氨血症低白蛋白血症神经精神性的意识错杂 ,意识模糊定向阻碍星形胶质细胞inflammatory mediator炎症介质neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte)嗜中性粒细胞macrophagephagocyte phagocytosismitogen reticuloendothelial system Synthasedysregulation chromosomenuclear atypia nucleotidemitochondria mitochondrial microsomemicrosomaldetoxifydetoxification carcinogenmutagencarbohydrate antigen glycoprotein 巨噬细胞吞噬细胞吞噬作用促细胞分裂原 ,有丝分裂原网状内皮系统合酶调理异样 ,失调染色体核异型核苷酸线粒体线粒体的微粒体微粒体的去毒 , 解毒，戒烟毒解毒 (作用 ),脱毒 ,戒毒治疗致癌物诱变剂 ,致突变原糖类抗原标记物 ,糖链抗原糖蛋白extirpationmalignant transformation forceps biopsytranspapillarystenosisstenoticpatency ratevasculaturediffuse intravascular coagulation coagulant and fibrinolytic systems circulatory disturbance Vascular Permeability vasodilatationvasopressorvasopressinendothelinprostaglandinSaphenous Veinsreninangiotensinaldosteroneoestrogen (estrin)摘除恶变 ,恶性转变钳夹活检 ,钳夹活检术经十二指肠乳头狭小狭小的畅达率脉管系统弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)凝血和纤溶系统循环杂乱血管通透性血管扩充血管升压类药物加压素内皮缩血管肽前列腺素隐静脉肾素血管紧张素醛固酮雌激素progestogen (progestin)孕激素androgen (androtin)雄激素testosterone睾酮acute tubular necrosis急性肾小管坏死oedema水肿oliguria少尿症diuretic(a)利尿剂haemofiltration血液滤过dialyse透析dialysate(Dialysis Solutions)透析液acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘况综合征(ARDS)diaphragmdyspneapulmonary oedema ventilatory dysfunction Total Parenteral Nutrition enteral nutrition malabsorption venoplastyhematomaperforation paracentesis横隔呼吸困难肺水肿通气功能阻碍全胃肠外营养肠道营养汲取不良血管成形术血肿穿孔穿刺 ,穿刺术granulomatous inflammation Bacterial Translocationthe administration of antibiotics prophylactic antibiotics synbiotic therapyfree radicallactatemalaiseepisodeidiopathictracerrelaparotomymild to moderate multifactorialiohexolprocainelidocaineanalgesiadehiscencecryopreserveddiscriminant analysis cadaveric 肉芽肿性炎症细菌移位抗生素的应用预防性抗生素合生元治疗自由基乳酸盐不适感 ,浑身乏力发生特发性的 ,自觉性的示踪剂再手术轻度到中度多因子的 ,多要素的碘海醇普鲁卡因利多卡因镇痛裂开冷藏保留的鉴识剖析尸体的subjectsobliterationmilieupotentschematic diagram misidentificationalgorithmstrong echoacoustic shadowhyperecho(ic)isoecho(ic)hypoecho(ic)anecho(ic)aseptic techniqueasepsisantisepsisemergency operationconfine operationselective operationevidence-based medicine polymerase chain reaction (PCR)受试者涂去 ,抹消 ,删除环境 ,境地有力的 ,有效的表示图 ,原理图错误认可 ,错认公式 ,算法 ,推导强回声声影高回声（的）等回声（的）低回声（的）无回声（的）无菌术灭菌消毒急诊手术限时手术择期手术循证医学聚合酶链反响inquiry问诊chief complaints主诉history collection病史收集history of present illness现病史past history既往史personal history个人史marital history婚姻史menstrual history月经史child bearing history生育史family history家族史physical examination体格检查inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊auscultation听诊abdominal pain腹痛abdominal distension腹胀diarrhea腹泻constipation便秘nausea恶心vomit呕吐stool大便urine小便aspiration误吸asphyxia (apnea)窒息atelectasis肺不张arrhythmia心律失态cardiac arrest心脏骤停ventricular fibrillation心室纤颤hyperthermia高热hypothermia低温Natrium(sodium)钠Kalium(potassium)钾Chlorine氯Calcium钙Magnesium镁Phosphorus磷ion离子homoeostasis体内均衡derangement杂乱isotonic dehydration等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration高渗性缺水water intoxication水中毒hyponatremia hypernatremia hypochloremia hyperchloremia hypokalemiahyperkalemia hypocalcemia hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia hypermagnesemia hypophosphatemia hyperphosphatemia metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis hematocrit (Hct) autologous blood transfusion salvaged autotransfusion predeposited autotransfusion hemodiluted autotransfusion cryoprecipitate低钠血症高钠血症低氯血症高氯血症低钾血症高钾血症低钙血症高钙血症低镁血症高镁血症低磷血症高磷血症代谢性酸中毒代谢性碱中毒呼吸性酸中毒呼吸性碱中毒血细胞比容自体输血回收式自体输血预存式自体输血稀释式自体输血冷积淀furunclefurunculosiscarbuncleacute lymphangitis erysipelasabscessdermoid cancer melanoticmelanomalipomaneurinoma neurofibromacapillary hemangioma angiocavernoma racemosum hemangioma sebum cysttetanusgangrene superinfection septicemia debridementsimple goiter疖疖病痈急性淋巴管炎丹毒脓肿皮肤癌黑痣黑色素瘤脂肪瘤神经鞘瘤神经纤维瘤毛细血管瘤海绵状血管瘤蔓状血管瘤皮脂腺囊肿破伤风坏疽二重感染败血症清创术纯真性甲状腺肿hyperthyroidism hypothyroidismmastitismastopathy mastectomyteratomainguinal herniafemoral hernia incisional herniaumbilial herniahernia of linea alba interloop abscess helicobacter pylory(HP) pyloric obstruction vagotomylymphomaduodenal diverticulum intussusceptionpolypsulcerative colitisrectal prolapse anorectal abscess 甲亢甲减乳腺炎乳腺病，乳腺增生症乳房切除术畸胎瘤腹股沟疝股疝切口疝脐疝白线疝肠间脓肿幽门螺杆菌幽门堵塞迷走神经切断术淋巴瘤十二指肠憩室肠套叠息肉溃疡性结肠炎直肠脱垂直肠肛管四周脓肿anal fistulaanal fissure haemorrhoidsinternal haemorrhoids external haemorrhoids mixed haemorrhoids annulus haemorrhoids proctocolectomymajor operation omentum pancreaticobiliaryBile canaliculus mediastinumquadrate lobeorganicinterferonglomerular filtration rate Fulminant Liver Failure Nephrotic Syndrome enteropathy Esophageal cancer gastroesophageal varices 肛瘘肛裂痔内痔外痔混淆痔环形痔直肠与结肠切除术大手术网膜胰胆管的胆怯管纵隔方叶有机的 ,器官的扰乱素肾小球滤过率暴发性肝衰竭肾病综合征肠病 ,肠病变食管癌胃食管静脉曲张Supine Position informed consent sequelae demarcate postprandialto date regarding serologic Serology hepaplastin test ureahemeanionic 仰卧位知情赞同后遗症 ,转归划界限 ,分开 ,差别食后的迄今为止对于血清学的血清学肝促凝血活酶试验尿素血红素阴离子的。
血液学专业单词
2，3－DP G：2，3－diph ospha tidyl glyce ric a cid，2，3－二磷酸甘油酸2－CdA：2-ch lorod eoxya denos in,cl adrib ine，2－氯去氧腺苷3H－TdR：t ritia ted t hymid e，氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷5－A za：5-azacy tidin e，5－氮（杂）胞苷a2-P I：a2-antip lasmi n, a2－纤溶酶原抑制物A A：apl astic anem ia，再生障碍性贫血AAV：adeno-asso ciate d vir us，腺病毒相关病毒Ab：a ntibo dy，抗体ABC：avidi n-bii otincompl ex me thod，亲和素生物素复合物法ABM T：aut ologo us bo ne ma rrowtrans plant，自体骨髓移植Ac：acce ssory cell，辅佐细胞ACD：acidcitra te de xtros e，酸性枸橼酸盐葡萄糖ACP：acid phos phata se，酸性磷酸梅A CTD：a ctino mycin D，放线菌素DA cute：急性的ACV：c yclov ir，阿昔洛韦Ad：aden oviru s，腺病毒AD：a ntige n det ermin ant，抗原决定簇ADA：a denos ine d eamin ase，腺苷脱氨酶ADCC：antib ody-d epend ent c ell-m ediat ed cy totox icity）抗体依赖细胞介导性细胞毒性Adjuv ant t herap y：辅助治疗AEL：acut e ery throc yticleuke mia，急性红白血病AEoL：acut e eos inoph ilicleuke mia，急性嗜酸粒细胞白血病AFP：a lphafetop rotei n，甲胎蛋白Ag：antig en，抗原aGVH D：acu te gr aft v ersus host dise ase，急性移植物抗宿主病A id：an ti-id iotyp e ant ibody，抗独特型抗体Ai dS：ac quire d imm une d efici encysyndr ome，获得性免疫缺陷综合征AIF：a popto sis-i nduci ng fa ctor，凋亡诱导因子AIH A：aut oimmu ne he molyt ic an emia，自身免疫性溶血性贫血AL：a cuteleuke mia,急性白血病ALCL：anap lasti c lar ge ce ll ly mphom a，退行性大细胞淋巴瘤ALG：anti lymph ocyte glob ulin,抗淋巴细胞球蛋白ALIP：abnor mal l ocali zatio n ofimmat ure p recur sor，未成熟前体细胞异常定位ALL：acute lymp hocyt ic le ukemi a，急性淋巴细胞白血病All o－BMT：allo genei c bon e mar row t ransp lanta tion，异基因骨髓移植Al lo－PB SCT：a lloge neicperip heral bloo d ste m cel l tra nspla ntati on，异基因外周血干细胞移植Allog eneic：异基因的All ograf t：异体移植物A lopec ia：脱发ALP（AKP）：Alkal ine p hosph atase，碱性磷酸酶AM：adhes ion m olecu le，粘附分子AM KL：ac ute m egaka ryobl astic leuk emia，急性巨核细胞白血病AML：a cutemyelo id le ukemi a，急性髓性白血病AMM：a gnoge nic m yeloi d met aplas ia,特发性髓外化生ANA：antin uclea r ant ibody，抗核抗体Ana-LL：a napla sticlarge cell lymp homa，间变性大细胞淋巴瘤Anaph ylaxi s：过敏症ANC：absol ute n eutro philcount，中性粒细胞绝对值Anemi a：贫血ANLL：acute non-lymph ocyti c leu kemia，急性非淋巴细胞性白血病An tibio tic：抗生素；抗生的An tieme tic：止吐剂，止吐药an tineo plast ic dr ugs：抗肿瘤药物Antis ense：反义引物APBSC T：aut ologo us pe riphe ral b loodstemcelltrans plant ation，自体外周血干细胞移植APC：anti gen p roces singcell，抗原呈递细胞Aph eresi s：血浆分离置换法，血液成分部分清除APL：a cutepromy elocy tic l eukem ia，急性早幼粒细胞白血病A plasi a：发育不良，成形不完全A popto sis:凋亡Ara－C：ar abino syl c ytosi ne,ar acyti dine阿糖胞苷A RDS：a cuterespi rator y dis tress synd rome，急性呼吸窘迫综合症；AidS－relat ed di sease s艾滋病相关疾病A scite s：腹水ASCT：auto logou s ste m cel l tra nspla ntati on，自体干细胞移植Aspe rgill us：曲霉属ASS：ante riorsuper ior s pine，髂前上棘AT1257：nit rocap hane，消瘤芥A TG：an tithy mocyt e glo bulin，抗胸腺细胞球蛋白ATL：a dultT cel l leu kemia/lymp homa，成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤AT LS：ac ute t umorlysis synd rome，急性肿瘤溶解综合征ATRA：all-t ransr etino ic ac id，全反式维甲酸AUL：a cuteundif feren tiate d cel l leu kemia，急性未分化细胞白血病AuS CT：a utolo gousstemcelltrans plant ation，自体造血干细胞移植Auto logou s：自体的Aut ograf t：自体移植物A uto－B MT: a utolo gousbonemarro w tra nspla ntati on，自体骨髓移植β2－MG：β2－m icrog lobul in，β2－微球蛋白Back-up：备份BCN U：Car musti ne，卡氮芥，卡莫司汀BCR：brea kpoin t clu sterregio n，断裂点丛集区B FU－E: burs t-for mingunit-eryth roid，早期红系集落生成细胞Biop sy：活检Bla st ce ll：原始血细胞，母细胞B last－CFC：b lastcolon y for mingcell，原始细胞集落形成细胞Blas t cri sis：原始细胞危象Bm：memor y B l ympho cyte，记忆B淋巴细胞BM G：ben ign m onocl onalgammo pathi es，良性单克隆丙球蛋白病B MT:bo ne ma rrowtrans plant ation，骨髓移植Bone marr ow bi opsy：骨髓活检Bonemarro w pun cture：骨髓穿刺Bone marr ow sm ear：骨髓穿刺涂片BRM：biolo gical resp onsemodif ier，生物应答调节剂Bu：busul fan，白消安,马利兰Bu ffer：缓冲，缓冲剂，缓冲液CALL A：com mon a cutelymph ocyti c leu kemia anti gen，普通急性淋巴细胞白血病抗原CA M：cel l adh esion mole cule，细胞粘附分子Can dida：念珠菌属，假丝酵母属Cat heter:导管CB：co rd bl ood，脐带血CB1348：chlor ambuc il：苯丁酸氮芥C BC：co mplet e blo od co unt，全血细胞计数CBC L：cut aneou s B-c ell l ympho ma，皮肤B细胞淋巴瘤CBS CT：co rd bl ood s tem c ell t ransp lanta tion，脐血干细胞移植CC I：cor recte d cou nt in creme nt，校正增值计数CCNSA：cell cycl e non-spec ificagent s，细胞周期非特异性药物C CNU：l omust ine,洛莫司汀，环己亚硝脲CCR：c ontin uouscompl ete r emiss ion，持续完全缓解CCSA：cell cycl e spe cific agen ts，细胞周期特异性药物CD：Cast leman's di sease，Cast leman病CD：clust er of diff erent iatio n，分化群CD3A K：CD3 acti vated kill er，CD3激活的杀伤细胞C DK：cy clindepen dentprote in ki nase，周期素依赖蛋白激酶CEA：c arcin oembr yonic anti gen，癌胚抗原C EL：ch ronic eosi nophi l leu kemia，慢性嗜酸性粒细胞白血病Ce ntral line：中心静脉导管，见c entra l ven ous c athet er. Centr al ve nouscathe ter:中心静脉导管，又叫做centr al li ne，Hi ckman cath eterCent rifug ation：离心C FC：co lony-formi ng ce ll，克隆形成细胞CFU：c olony-form ing u nit，集落形成单位CFU－Blast：colo ny-fo rming unit-Blas t，原始集落生成细胞CFU－E：col ony-f ormin g uni t－ery throi d，红系集落生成细胞CFU－G：col ony-f ormin g uni t－gra nuloc yte，粒系集落生成细胞CF U－GM：colon y-for mingunit－granu locyt e/mac ropha ge，粒单系集落生成细胞CF U－L：c olony-form ing u nit－l eukem ia，白血病细胞集落生成单位CFU－M EG：co lony-formi ng un it－me gakar yocyt e巨核系集落生成细胞CGD：chron ic gr anulo matou s dis ease，慢性肉芽肿病CGP：circ ulati ng gr anulo cytepool，循环粒细胞池cGV HD：ch ronic graf t ver sus h ost d iseas e，慢性移植物抗宿主病Che mo-re spons ive：化疗敏感的Chem other apy：化学疗法Chron ic慢性的C.I.：con tinuo us in fusio n，持续静脉点滴C IK：cy tokin e-ind ucedkille r cel ls 细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞Clini MACS：clini cal m agnet ic ac tivat ed ce ll so rting，临床级磁性活化细胞分选系统CLL：c hroni c lym phocy tic l eukem ia，慢性淋巴细胞白血病CM L：chr onicmyelo genou s leu kemia，慢性粒细胞白血病CML－A P：CML-acce lerat ed ph ase，慢性粒细胞白血病加速期CML－BP：CM L-bla sticphase，慢性粒细胞白血病急变期CM L－CP：CML-c hroni c pha se，慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期CMML：chron ic my elo-m onocy tic l eukem ia，慢性粒-单细胞白血病C MPD：c hroni c mye lopro lifer ative dise ase，慢性骨髓增生性疾病C MV：cy tomeg alovi rus，巨细胞病毒CNR：c ytoki ne ne gativ e res ponse cell，细胞因子不反应细胞CNS：centr al ne rvous syst em，中枢神经系统CNSL：centr al ne rvous syst em le ukemi a，中枢神经系统白血病Col lecti on: 采集Col ony s timul ating fact or：集落刺激因子c-on c：cel lular onco gene，细胞癌基因Cond ition ing：预处理C onjun ctivi tis：结膜炎Co nvale scenc e：恢复，恢复期C P：can cer p rocoa gulan t，癌性促凝物质C PD：ci trate phos phate dext rose，枸橼酸盐－磷酸盐－葡萄糖CP DA：c itrat e pho sphat e dex trose aden ine，枸橼酸盐－磷酸盐－葡萄糖－腺嘌呤Cpma x：pea k con centr ation，峰浓度CPT：c ampto theci ne，喜树碱CR：compl ete r emiss ion，完全缓解C RABP：cytop lasmi c ret inoic acid bind ing p rotei n，胞浆维甲酸结合蛋白CRP：C re actio n pro tein,丙反应蛋白CRR：comp leteremis sionrate，完全缓解率Cryo prese rvati on：冷冻保存，深低温保藏CSF：c olony stim ulati ng fa ctor，集落刺激因子CSF：cere brosp inalfluid，脑脊液CTCL：cutan eousT cel l lym phoma，皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤CTCL：centr al Tcelllymph oma，中枢T细胞淋巴瘤CT L：cyt otoxi cityT lym phocy te，细胞毒性T淋巴细胞Cy clin：周期素C ytome galov irus：巨细胞病毒DC：dendr ic ce ll，树突细胞D－D：D d imer，D－二聚体Del：delet ion，缺失Der matit is：皮炎DenovaAML：非继发性急性髓性白血病DFS：dise ase f ree s urviv al，无病生存期D I：DNA inde x，DNA指数D IC：di ssemi nated intr avasc ularcoagu latio n，播散性血管内凝血Dilu tion：稀释DL：disc ordan t lym phoma，混杂型淋巴瘤Do nor：供者Dys plasi a：发育不良，发育异常EB V：Eps tein-Barrvirus，EB病毒ECM：extra cellu lar m atrix，细胞外基质-ec tomy：（后缀）（外科）切除，除去，去掉Ed ema：水肿EG F：epi theli al gr owthfacto r，表皮生长因子-emia：（后缀）血液疾病Encep halop athy：脑病E ncode: 编码Engra ftmen t：移植物植入E nrich：富集E nzyme：酶E osino phil：嗜酸性粒细胞EPO：eryt hropo ietin，促红素，红细胞生成素ETT：esse ntial thro mbocy themi a，原发性血小板增多症Exvivo：体外F ACS：f luore scenc e act ivate d cel l sor ting，荧光活化细胞分选系统FCM：flowcytom etry，流式细胞分析技术F DC：fo llicu lar d endri tic c ells，滤泡树突状细胞FD GF：fi brobl ast d erive d gro wth f actor，成纤维细胞源生长因子Fe brile：发热的FFP：fresh froz en pl asma，新鲜冰冻血浆FGF：fibr oblas t gro wth f actor，成纤维细胞生长因子FHH：famil ial h emoph agocy tic h istio cytos is，家族性嗜血组织细胞增生症FISH：fluo resce nce i n sit u hyb ridiz ation，荧光原位杂交FM F：fam ilial Medi teran ean f ever，家族性地中海热Fo ley c athet er:弗利氏导尿管，气囊导尿管FrT BI：fr actio nal t otalbodyirrad iatio n,分次全身照射F SRC：胎羊体内增殖的人造血干细胞F ungus：真菌Fungi： Fun gus复数形式G6PD：gl ucise-6-ph ospha te de hydro genas e，6－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶Ga strit is：胃炎Gas troin testi nal：胃肠道的G-CFC：gran ulocy te co lonyformi ng ce lls，粒细胞集落形成细胞G-CSF：granu locyt e col ony s timul ating fact or，粒细胞集落刺激因子G CV：cy tomeg alovi rus，巨细胞病毒GCV：g ancic lovir，更昔洛韦GI：g astro intes tinal，胃肠道的GM-C SF：gr anulo cyte-macro phage colo ny st imula tingfacto r，粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子GM-C FC：gr anulo cyte-macro phage colo ny fo rming cell s，粒－巨噬细胞集落形成细胞Graft reje ction：移植排斥（反应）Graf t-ver sus-h ost d iseas e：移植物抗宿主病Gran ulocy te：粒细胞Gr owthfacto r：生长因子GT R：gra nuloc yte t urnov er ra te，粒细胞转换率GVHD：graft-vers us-ho st di sease，移植物抗宿主病GVHR: graf t-ver sus-h ost r eacti on，移植物抗宿主反应GVL：graf t-ver sus-l eukem ia，移植物抗白血病GVT：graft-vers us-tu mor，移植物抗肿瘤Hapl oiden tical: 半相和的Har vest:收集，采集HC：hemor rhagi c cys titis，出血性膀胱炎HC L：hai ry ce ll le ukemi a，毛细胞白血病H D：Hod gkin's dis ease，霍奇金病HD：hi gh do se，大剂量Hem atocr it：红细胞压积Hemat ology：血液学Hema topoi esis：造血作用，生血作用Hemat opoie tic s ystem：造血系统Hemo globi n：血色素，血红蛋白Hem orrha ge：出血Hem orrha gic c ystit is：出血性膀胱炎Hepa t - ：（前缀）肝的Hep atiti s：肝炎HES：hyper eosin ophil ic sy ndrom e，高嗜酸粒细胞综合征HGF：hema topoi eticgrowt h fac tor，造血生长因子HHV：human herp us vi rus，人疱疹病毒Hickm an ca thete r：Hic hman导管，中心静脉插管HIV：h umanimmun e def icien cy vi rus，人免疫缺陷病毒HLA：huma n leu kocyt e ant igen，人类白细胞抗原H LH：he mopha gocyt ic ly mphoh istio cytos is，嗜血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症HM R：his tiocy tic m edull ary r eticu losis，组织细胞性髓性网状细胞增生症Homo genic tran splan tatio n:同基因移植Ho mozyg ote：纯合子HP C：hem atopo ietic prog enito r cel l，造血祖细胞HP P－CFU：high prol ifera tivepoten tialcolon y-for mingunit，高增殖潜能集落形成单位HR－ALL：h igh r isk A LL，高危型急性淋巴细胞白血病HSC：Hand-Schul ler-C hrist ian d iseas e，韩－薛－柯病H SC：he matop oieti c ste m cel l，造血干细胞HS R：hom ogeno uslystain ing r egion，均染色区HSV：herpe s sim plexvirus，单纯疱疹病毒HT C： ty pingcell，纯合子分型细胞HT LV：hu man T cell leuk emiavirus，人类T细胞白血病病毒HVO D：hep aticvenou s occ lusiv e dis ease，肝静脉闭塞病Hyp er- ：（前缀）高，超，（过）多Hy peral iment ation：高营养支持，静脉高营养Hy perpi gment ation：色素沉着过度H ypert ensio n：高血压Hyp o- ：（前缀）（过）低，少于Hypo tensi on：低血压IAH S: in fecto us-as socia ted h emoph agocy tic s yndro me，感染相关嗜血细胞综合征id：me diumdose，中剂量i d：ini tialdose，初始剂量IF：in volve d fie ld，累及野IFN：inte rfero n，干扰素Ig：i mmuno globu lin，免疫球蛋白IGFs: ins ulin-likegrowt h fac tor，胰岛素样生长因子Ig H：imm unogl obuli n hea vy ch ain，免疫球蛋白重链IL：inter leuki n，白细胞介素Il iac c rest：髂嵴I.M.：i ntram uscul ar，肌肉注射Im munesyste m：免疫系统Im munoc ompro mised：免疫受损的Im munog lobul in：免疫球蛋白Immun ologi cal t olera nce：免疫耐受I mmuno suppr essio n：免疫抑制In cubat ion：孵育inf ormed-cons ent：知情同意I ntrav enous：静脉内的inv: inve rsion，倒位i n vit ro: 体外,离体in vi vo: 体内IP：inter stiti al pn eumon ia，间质性肺炎I solat ion:分离I.T.：in trath ecalinjec tion，鞘内注射-itis：（后缀）炎症I TP：id iopat hic t hromb ocyto penia purp ura，特发性血小板减少性紫癜Jaun dice：黄疸KP S：Kar nofsk y sco re, K arnof sky评分LAK：lymph okine-acti vated kill er(ce lls)，淋巴因子激活杀伤（细胞）La minar airflowunit：层流间LCH：L anger hanscellhisti ocyto sis，郎格罕细胞（组织细胞）增生症L D：lym phocy te de pleti on，淋巴细胞消减型LD：l ow do se，小剂量LDH：lact ate d ehydr ogena se，乳酸脱氢酶L eukap heres is: 白细胞采集物Leuk emia：白血病Leuko cyte：白细胞L eukop enia：白细胞减少症LF A：lym phocy te fu nctio n ass ociat ed an tigen，淋巴细胞功能相关抗原LF S：leu kemia free surv ival，无白血病存活期LG L：low grad e lym phoma，低度恶性淋巴瘤L HR：ly mphoc ytichomin g fun ction rece ptor,淋巴细胞归家功能受体LI：label ing i ndex，标记指数LIF：l eukem ia in hibit ion f actor，白血病抑制因子L ineag e：系L OH：lo ss of hete rozyg osity，杂合性丢失LP：lymph ocyte pred omina nce，淋巴细胞为主型LRP：lung resi stanc e rel atedprote in，肺抗性相关蛋白LTB：life-threa tenin g ble eding，致命性出血LTC－IC：l ong-t erm c ultur e-ini tiati ng ce ll，长期培养起始细胞LTR：long term inalrepea t：长末端重复序列LVL：l argevolum e leu kaphe resis，大容量白细胞单采Lymph ocyte: 淋巴细胞Mac ropha ge：巨噬细胞MA CS：ma gneti c act ivate d cel l sor ting，磁性活化细胞分选M AK: m onocy tokin e-act ivate d kil ler(c ells)，单核细胞因子激活杀伤（细胞）Mala bsorp tion：吸收障碍MALT：mucos a-ass ociat ed ly mphoi d tis sue，粘膜相关淋巴样组织÷Match ing：配型MBD I：mar row b lastdecli ne in dex骨髓原始细胞减少指数M C：mix ed ce llula rity，混合细胞型McAb：mono clona l ant ibody，单克隆抗体mCR: med ian c omple te re missi on，中位完全缓解MDR：multi ple d rug r esist ance，多药耐药MDS：m yelod yspla sticsyndr ome，骨髓增生异常综合征M egaka ryocy te：巨核细胞Me tabol ite：代谢物M etast atic：转移的MF：my elofi brosi s，骨髓纤维化MF：myco sis f ungoi des，蕈样霉菌病MGDS：megak aryoc yte g rowth anddiffe renti ation fact or，巨核细胞增殖分化因子M GP：ma rgina l gra nuloc yte p ool，边缘粒细胞池MGUS: mon oclon al ga mmopa thy o f und eterm inedsigni fican ce，未定性的单克隆γ球蛋白血症MH：malig nanthisto cytos is，恶性组织细胞增生症MH AS：mi nor h istoc ompat ibili ty an tigen syst ems，次要组织相容性抗原系统MHC：major hist ocomp atibi litycompl ex，主要组织相容性抗原复合体MLC：mixed lymp hocyt e cul ture，混合淋巴细胞培养MLL：m ixedlinea ge le ukemi a，混合系白血病M M：mul tiple myel oma，多发性骨髓瘤MNC：monon uclea r cel ls，单个核细胞M obili zatio n：动员Monoc lonal anti body：单克隆抗体Mon ocyte：单核细胞Mon ozygo tic：单合子的M orbid ity：发病率M PD：my elopr olife rativ e dis ease,骨髓增殖性疾病M PO：my elope roxid ase，髓过氧化物酶MRD：minim al re sidua l dis ease，微小残留病变MR P：mul tidru g res istan ce-as socia ted p rotei n，多药耐药相关蛋白Muco sitis：粘膜炎MUD：match ed un relat ed do nor，非血缘关系配型相合供体NAP：neutr ophil alka linephosp hatas e，中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶NB：neur oblas toma，神经母细胞瘤NBM：norm al bo ne ma rrow，正常骨髓Negat ive s elect ion：阴性选择N euro-：（前缀）神经的Neutr openi a：中性粒细胞减少症Neu troph il：中性粒细胞NG：ne utrop hil g ranul ocyte，中性粒细胞NGF：nerv e gro wth f actor, 神经生长因子N HL：no n-Hod gkin's lym phoma，非霍奇金淋巴瘤N K: na turekille r cel l，自然杀伤细胞N onmye loabl ative tran splan tatio n: 非清髓性移植NPO：不能进食NS：no dular scle rosis，结节硬化型On colog y：肿瘤学Oto- ：（前缀）耳的PA：pl asmin ogenactiv ator，纤溶酶原激活物Pa ckedred b loodcells: 压积红细胞P AE：po st an tibio tic e ffect s，抗生素后续作用PAI：p lasmi nogen acti vator inhi bitor，纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂Pal liati ve：减轻的，缓解的pal liati ve ca re un it (P CU)：终末期病房，临终关怀病房Pan cytop enia：全血细胞减少症-pathy：（后缀）病PB：peri phera l blo od, 外周血PB L：per ipher al bl ood l ympho cyte，外周血淋巴细胞PB PC：pe riphe ral b loodproge nitor cell，外周血祖细胞PB SCT：p eriph eralblood stem cell tran splan tatio n，外周血干细胞移植PCA：proco agula nt ac tivit y，促凝活性物质P CD：pr ogram med c ell d eath，细胞程序化死亡PC L：pla sma c ell l eukem ia，浆细胞白血病PCLI：plasm a cel l lab el in dex，浆细胞标记指数PCR：poly meras e cha in re actio n, 多聚酶链反应PCR－R FLP:PCR－r estri ction frag mentlengt h pol ymorp hisms，限制性片段长度多态性分析P CR－SS OPH:PCR-s equen ce sp ecifi c oli gonuc leoti depro be hy bridi zatio n，序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交PDD：perce ntage dept h dos age，百分深度剂量PDGF：plat eletderiv ed gr owthfacto r，血小板衍生生长因子PDR：prim ary d rug r esist ance，原药耐药PE：pl asmaexcha nge，血浆置换-penia：（后缀）缺乏，不足Per ipher al ne uropa thy：周围神经病变Pet echia e：瘀点，瘀斑P fu: p laque form ing u nit，空斑形成单位PHA：phyta hemat oaggl utini n，植物血凝素Ph lebit is：静脉炎PH SC：pl uripo tenti al he matop oieti c ste m cel l，多能造血干细胞-plas ia：（后缀）发展，形成P lasma：血浆P lasma cell: 浆细胞Pla telet：血小板PLG：plasm inoge n，纤溶酶原PLL：prol ympho cytic leuk emia，幼淋巴细胞白血病P LT：pl atele t，血小板PLT：prime d lym phocy te te st，预致敏淋巴细胞试验PM N：pol ymorp honuc learleuko cyte，多形核白细胞PNH：paro xysma l noc turna l hem oglob inuri a，阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿÷PNRE：p53 n egati ve re spons e ele ment，p53阴性反应元件POD：P ML on cogen ic do main，PML癌基因结构域Polyc ythem ia：红细胞增多症Posi tiveselec tion：阳性选择PPSC: plur ipote nt he motop oieti c ste m cel l，全能造血干细胞Prepa rativ e reg imen：预处理方案Pro genit or：前体，祖先P rogno sis：预后Pr ophyl actic：adj.预防的；n. 预防性，预防药Proph ylaxi s：预防法，预防P rotoc ol：草案，协议，治疗方案Proto-onc: prot o-onc ogene，原癌基因PSS：poste riorsuper ior s pine，髂后上棘PT：pr othro mbintime，凝血酶原时间PTC L：per ipher al Tcelll lymp homa，外周T细胞型淋巴瘤PTH：p ost-t ransf usion hepa titis, 输血后肝炎Pu lmona ry：肺的Pur ging：净化Pu rity：纯度PV：poly cythe mia v era，真性红细胞增多症Qu ality of L ife (QOL)：生活质量RA：re fract ory a nemia，难治性贫血RA EB：re fract ory a nemia with exce ssive blas ts，难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多型RAE B－T：r efrac toryanemi a wit h exc essiv e bla sts，t ransf ormat ion，难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多转化型RAR：r etino ic ac id re cepto r，维甲酸受体RA S：ref racto ry an emiawithsider oblas ts，难治性贫血伴环状铁粒幼细胞增多R AS：re tinoi c aci d syn drome，维甲酸综合征RB：reti nobla stoma，视网膜母细胞瘤R BC: r ed bl ood c ell,红细胞R eagen t：试剂Recip ient：受者R eject ion：排斥Rel apse：复发R emiss ion：缓解Re nal：肾脏的，肾的RFS：rela pse f ree s urviv al，无复发生存R PC：ra diati on pr otect ive c ompet ence,辐射保护能力Re gimen-rela ted t oxici ty (R RT)：预处理相关毒性RT－PCR：r evers e tra nscri ption poly meras e cha in re actio n, 逆转录多聚酶链反应SB B：sud an bl ack B，苏丹黑BSCE：siste r chr omati al ex chang e，姐妹染色单体交换SCF：stemcellfacto r，干细胞因子SC id：se verecombi ned i mmuno defic iency dise ase，重症联合免疫缺陷SC L：ste m cel l leu kemia，干细胞白血病SE：spec ificestar ase，特异性酯酶Selec tin：选择素Se nse p rimer：同义引物Sepa ratio n：（细胞）分选S epsis：脓血病，败血病Seque ncing测序SF：seru m fer ritin，血清铁蛋白SHM L：sin us hi stocy tosis with mass ive l ympha denop athy，窦性组织细胞增生症伴块状淋巴结肿大SI A：str oma-s uppor t imm unocy tomet ric a ssay，基质支持免疫细胞流式细胞仪技术法SLE：syst emiclupus eryt hemat osus，系统性红斑狼疮SL L：sma ll ly mphoc yticlymph oma，小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤So lid t umor：实体瘤S R－ALL：stan dardriskacute lymp hocyt ic le ukemi a，标危型急性淋巴细胞白血病SRC：S Cid/N OD小鼠体内增殖的人造血干细胞，SCid造血重建细胞SS：Sezar y syn drome，Seza ry综合征Ste m cel l：干细胞STNI：subt otalnodal irra diati on，次全淋巴结照射Sto matit is：口炎Sub clavi an ca thete r：锁骨下导管S upern atant：上清S yn－BM T：Syn genei c bon e mar row t ransp lant：同基因骨髓移植S yngen eic：同基因的T AM：tu mor a ssoci atedmacro phage，肿瘤相关巨噬细胞t-AML：trea tment asso ciate d AML，治疗相关的急性髓性白血病T A－GVH D：tra nsfus ion a ssoci atedgraft-vers us-ho st di sease，输血相关的移植物抗宿主病T AA：tu mor a ssoci atedantig en，肿瘤相关抗原TBGP：total bloo d gra nuloc yte p ool，总血液粒细胞池TBI：tota l bod y irr adiat ion，全身照射T c：tim e ofcellcycle, 细胞周期时间T CD：Tcelldeple tion, T细胞去除TCL：T ce ll le ukemi a/lym phoma，T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤TC R：T c ell r ecept or，T细胞受体T CS：tu mor c ell s urviv al，肿瘤细胞成活TEN：t otalenter al nu triti on，完全胃肠内营养TF：t issue fact or，组织因子TF：thym ic fa ctor，胸腺因子TFPI：tissu e fac tor p athwa y inh ibito r，组织因子途径抑制物TGF：ther apeut ic ga in fa ctor，治疗获得系数TGF－β：tr ansfo rming grow th fa ctor-β，转化生长因子βThrom bocyt e：血小板Thr omboc ytope nia:血小板减少症TIL：tumor infi ltrat e lym phocy te,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞TL：testi s leu kemia睾丸白血病TLI：total Lymp hoidirrad iatio n，全淋巴照射Th rombo tic m icroa ngiop athy(TMA)：血栓性微血管病T NF：tu mor n ecros is fa ctor，肿瘤坏死因子TNI：tota l nod al ir radia tion，全淋巴结照射TOP O II：topoi somer ase I I，拓扑易构酶IIToxin：毒素Tpdt：poten tialdoubl ing t ime，倍增时间T－PLL：T-pro lymph ocyti c leu kemia，T幼淋细胞白血病TPN：t otalparen teral nutr ition，全肠道外营养，静脉高营养T PO：th rombo poiet in，促血小板生成素TPS：treat mentplann ing s ystem，治疗计划系统Tr anslo catio n：易位Traum a：创伤TRM：trans plant ation rela ted m ortal ity，移植相关死亡率TSC：time d-seq uenti al ch emoth erapy，时相序贯化疗TS PA：tr iopho sphor amide，噻替派TTP：t hromb oticthrom bocyt openi c pur pura，血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Tum or：肿瘤Tum or bu rden：肿瘤负荷UCB：umbil icalcordblood，脐带血Ultra sound：超声Umbil icalcord：脐带VA HS：vi ral a ssoci atedhemop hagoc yticsyndr ome，病毒相关嗜血细胞综合征VGPR：very good part ial r emiss ion，非常良好的部分缓解V iabil ity：活性Vir us：病毒VOD：veno-occl usive dise ase，静脉阻塞性疾病v-onc:virus onco gene，病毒癌基因VPF: vasc ularperme abili ty fa ctor，血管渗透因子VZV：vari cella zost er vi rus，水痘带状疱疹病毒WB C：whi te bl ood c ell，白细胞W holeblood：全血WT：Wi lms t umor，肾母细胞瘤Xero stomi a：口腔干燥症Y ield：产量。
基础医学英语词汇
常见医学单词：BSL Blood Sugar Level 血糖水平anti-coagulation 抗凝CHF Congestive Heart Failure 充血性心力衰竭constrict / constriction 收缩RBC Red Blood Celldilate / dilation 舒张WBC White Blood Cellnegative 阴性Platelet 血小板positive 阳性Plasma/serum 血浆myocardium 心肌Consciousness 意识coronary artery 冠状动脉Hypoxia 缺氧ventricle 心室Osmotic pressure 渗透压atrium 心房Colloid Osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压blood supply 血供Spinal column 脊柱BT bleeding time 出血时间Acidosis 酸中毒Alkalosis 碱中毒CT clotting time 凝血时间Pulmonary edema 肺水肿water-soluble 水溶性nerve 神经fat-soluble 脂溶性Oxygen 氧气pulmonary arterial / vein肺动/静脉Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳elastic 有弹性的Stomach 胃tissue 组织Gastric contents 胃内容物aorta 主动脉Risk factor 危险因素exchange 交换Flushed skin 皮肤发红gallbladder 胆囊Pallor 苍白lung 肺Dizziness 头晕kidney 肾Nausea 恶心cardiac output 心输出量Vomit 呕吐peripheral resistance 外周阻力Seizure 惊厥systolic blood pressure 收缩压Enema 灌肠diastolic blood pressure 舒张压Electrolyte 电解质normal range 正常范围Fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱capillary 毛细血管BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮circulatory system 循环系统Blood gas 血气release 释放Hormone 激素superficial 表浅的Protein 蛋白质blood volume 血容量Albumin 白蛋白bradycardia 心动过缓Glucose 葡萄糖tachycardia 心动过速Hemoglobin 血红蛋白valve 瓣膜Sternum 胸骨forearm 前臂Rib 肋骨breast 胸部，乳房Liver 肝armpit 腋窝Spleen 脾groin 腹股沟Pancreas 胰腺prevent 预防Iron 鉄bloodstream 血流Calcium 钙fiber 纤维Magnesium 镁acute 急性的Sodium 钠diarrhea 腹泻Potassium 钾Antibody-antigen complex 抗原抗体复合物Bone marrow 骨髓myocardial infarctionTransplant 移植low-grade fever 低热Blurred vision 视力模糊chill 寒战Spontaneous 自主的urticaria 风疹Dysrhythmia 心律不齐inhibitor 抑制剂GI irritation 胃肠刺激inflammation 炎症Intake and output 出入量angioplasty 血管扩张术Hypokalemia 低血钾normal saline 生理盐水Hyperkalemia 高血钾circulatory overload 循环负担过重Hypotension 低血压shortness of breath 气短Hypertension 高血压restless 烦躁不安Antihypertensive 抗高血压药rapid and thready pulse 脉搏细速Headache 头痛orthopnea 端坐呼吸Urinary retention 尿储留pallor/ cyanosis 苍白Angina pectoris 心绞痛chest pain central venous pressure 中心静脉压Sublingual 舌下的Fowler’s position 端座卧位Oral 口服的Semi- Fowler’s position 半座卧位Topical 局部的dyspnea 呼吸困难Calcium channel blocker 钙离子通道阻滞剂diuretics 利尿剂Mucosa 粘膜impaired 受损的Orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压pink and frothy sputum粉红色泡沫样痰Hypoglycemia 低血糖yellow sputum 黄痰Hyperglycemia 高血糖blood-streaked sputum 血丝痰Hypovolemia 低血容量mucoid sputum 黏液痰Hypervolemia 高血容量breathing pattern 呼吸模式Preload and afterload （心脏的）前后负荷sterile 无菌的Dehydration 脱水container 容器Uric acid 尿酸cool clammy skin 皮肤湿冷Sign 体征preventive 预防性的Symptom 症状bronchitis 支气管炎Symptom free/ asymptomatic 无症状pneumonia 肺炎Monitor 监测concentration 浓度Constipation 便秘barrel chest 桶状胸Skin rash 皮疹distended neck vein 颈静脉怒张Heparin 肝素external irritant 外界刺激物Warfarin 华法林endocrine system 内分泌系统Hemorrhage 大出血insulin 胰岛素Therapy 疗法absorption 吸收Alcohol 酒精reabsorption 再吸收Anemia 贫血shock 休克Folic acid 叶酸trauma 外伤Allergic reaction 过敏反应complication 并发症Bile 胆汁compensatory 代偿的Bile acid 胆汁酸Cholesterol 胆固醇Obesity 肥胖症Stuffy nose 鼻塞collect sputum and blood specimen for culture and sensitivity tests 收集痰血标本做细菌培养和药敏COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病DM Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Gestational diabetes 妊娠糖尿病Ketone body 酮体Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒Insulin resistant 胰岛素耐受Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Mechanism 机制，机理IDDM (Type 1) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NIDDM (Type 2) non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病Glucose Tolerance Test 糖耐量试验Oral anti-diabetic medications 口服降糖药PVD peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病Arterioatherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化CAD coronary artery disease 冠心病CVD cerebral vascular disease 脑血管病Polyuria 多尿Ulcer 溃疡Gangrene 坏疽Fatigue 疲乏Blurred vision 视力模糊Fasting blood sugar 空腹血糖2-hour post-prandial glucose 餐后两小时血糖Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒Ketonuria 酮尿Sweet breath odor 烂苹果味呼吸Mental confusion 精神错乱Slurred speech 说话含糊不清Wound healing 伤口愈合Renal function 肾功能Renal failure 肾衰Uremia 尿毒症Creatinine 肌酐Urea 尿素Internal 内部的External 外部的Itching 痒BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳结合力Urine gravity 尿比重Bleeding tendency 出血倾向Injury 外伤Patency 开放，通畅Bed sore 褥疮Skin care 皮肤护理Paraplegia 截瘫Pacemaker 起搏器Elevate 抬高Pitting edema 凹陷型水肿Sodium-restricted diet 限钠饮食Interstitial space 组织间隙Extremity 四肢，肢端Deficiency 缺乏，不足Blood transfusion 输血GI irritation 胃肠刺激Pleural space 胸膜腔Fluctuate 波动Kink 弯曲，折住Water-seal chamber 水封瓶Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿Airtight 密封的Sharp pain 锐痛Dull pain 钝痛Burning pain 灼痛Radiating pain 放射痛各科室名称：medical department; department of internal medicine: 内科surgical department; department of surgery: 外科department of obstetrics and gynecology : 妇产科ophtalmology department: 眼科dental department: 牙科ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科urology department: 泌尿科dermatology department; skin department: 皮肤科orthopedic surgery department: 矫形外科traumatology department: 创伤外科plastic surgery: 整形外科anesthesiology department: 麻醉科pathology department: 病理科cardiology department: 心脏病科psychiatry department: 精神病科orthopedics department: 骨科department of cardiac surgery: 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科neurology department: 神经科neurosurgery department: 神经外科thoracic surgery department: 脑外科department of traditional Chinese medicine: 中医科registration office: 挂号处out-patient department: 门诊部in-patient department: 住院部nursing department: 护理部consulting room: 诊室waiting room: 候诊室emergency room: 急诊室admitting office: 住院处operation room: 手术室X-ray department: 放射科blood bank: 血库dispensary; pharmacy: 药房ward: 病房laboratory: 化验室牤Department of Nephrology 肾内科Department of Chemotherapy 化疗科Department of Radiotherapy 放疗科Department of Endocrinology 内分泌科Respiratory medicine 呼吸科Rheumatology 风湿科Hematology 血液科Geriatrics 老年科Neurology 神经科Oncology 肿瘤科Thoracic surgery 胸外科Urology 泌尿外科Neurosurgery 神经外科Vascular surgery 周围血管外科Gastroenterology 肠胃外科Hepatobiliary surgery 肝胆外科General surgery 普外科Orthopedics 骨科Cardiovascular surgery 心外科Burns surgery 烧伤科Hand surgery 手外科Plastic surgery 整形外科Pediatric surgery 儿外科Obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科Stomatology 口腔科Ophthalmology 眼科Infectious disease 感染科Dermatology 皮肤科Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科Nuclear medicine 核医学科Psychiatry 精神科Medical rehabilitation 康复科Anesthesiology 麻醉科Radiology 放射科Ultrasonography 超声科Pain management 疼痛科Pharmacology 药理科Internal Medicine 内科常见护理英语80句一．Receiving the patient（接待病人）1.How do you do? / Good morning!您好！（初次见面时使用）/早上好！2.What can I do for you? /Can I help you?您需要我帮助吗？3．I’ll bring you to your bedside, plea s e follow me. This is your bed..我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位.4.The toilet is over there. 卫生间在那边5.We supply hot water. 我们供应热水6.Please wait a moment. I’ll let your doctor know. / I’ll inform your doctor. 请等一会儿,我去通知医生.7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生8.Please let us know if you need any help. 您需要帮助时，请告诉我们.9.Smoking is not allowed here.这里不允许吸烟二.information collection (收集信息)10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 您介意我问您几个问题吗?11. We need some information from you. 我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息.12. Is your tummy still sore? 您的肚子还疼吗?13. Does your pain come on after or before meals? 您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作？14. Does it hurt to pass urine? /when I press here? 排尿时痛吗？/ 当我按压这儿时痛吗？15. Does your back ache? 您的后背痛吗？16.Do your feet swell?您的脚肿了吗？17. Do you have a cough/fever? 您咳嗽吗？/ 您有发热吗？18. Do you bring up any sputum? 您咳痰吗？19. Is there any radiation of the pain? (to the shoulder)有放射（到肩部的）痛吗？20. How long have you had the pain? 您的痛有多长时间了？21. When did the pain start? /where is your pain? 疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛？22. Are your periods regular? 您的月经规则吗？三．Physical examination（查体）23.Will you please undress for medical examination? 请您脱下衣服做体检好吗？24. Take off your clothes, please. 请把衣服脱下来25.Lie down on the couch, please. /Just lie still on the couch and relax.请躺在治疗床上./ 请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松.26.Bend your knees, please. 请屈膝.张开口, 说: 啊27.Open your mouth and say ’ah"28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸29.May I examine your tummy, please? 我要检查下您的肚子, 好吗?30.Roll up your sleeves, please. 请卷起袖子.四．Communication. (交流)31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下.32.Let me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏.我要测量您的血压.33. I’ll test/take your blood pressure.raid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.34. I’m af我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指.35. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 现在我要从您的胳膊抽血.36. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning.半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血.37. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimenof urine.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿.38. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 请做一下您的血和尿试验.39. You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.40. You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一个胸片.41. You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.42. You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. Please don’t eat or drink明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任anything after 12 o’clock tonight.何东西。
医学常用中英文名称翻译(标准)
常用缩写AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm 腹主动脉瘤ABFB, aortobifemoral bypass 主双股动脉旁路术ABI, ankle-brachial index 踝肱指数ACA, anterior cerebral artery 大脑前动脉ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme 血管紧张素转化酶ACT, activated clotting time 活化凝血时间ADA, American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADP, adenosine diphosphate 二磷酸腺苷AEF, aortoenteric fistula 主动脉肠道瘘AF, atrial fibrillation 房颤AFB, aortofemoral bypass 主股旁路术AGE, advanced glycosylation end product 高级糖基化终末产物AHA, American Heart Association 美国心脏病协会AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 健康保健研究及质量控制委员会AI,aortoiliac 主髂AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征AKA, above-knee amputation 膝上截肢术AMP, adenosine monophosphate 单磷酸腺苷APC, activated protein C 活化蛋白CAPG, air plethysmography 空气体积描记术aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time 活化部分凝血酶原时间ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征ARF, acute renal failure 急性肾衰ASA, acetylsalicylic acid 阿司匹林ATN, acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死ATP, adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷AVE, arteriovenous fistula 动静脉瘘AVG, arteriovenous graft 动静脉移植物AVM, arteriovenous malformation 动静脉畸形AVP, ambulatory venous pressure 非卧床静脉压bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor碱性成纤维细胞生长因子BKA, below-knee amputation 膝下截肢BSA, body surface area 体表面积BUN, blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting 冠状动脉旁路术CAD, coronary artery disease 冠状动脉疾病CAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环磷酸腺苷CAS, carotid artery stenting 颈动脉支架置入术CAVH, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration连续动静脉血液滤过CAVHDF, continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration 连续动静脉血液透析滤过法CCA, common carotid artery 颈总动脉CCB, calcium channel blocker 钙通道阻滞剂CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention疾病控制和预防中心CEA, carotid endarterectomy 颈动脉内膜切除术CEAP, clinical, etiologic, anatomic, pathologic [staging system] 临床的，病因学，解剖学，病理学（分级体系）CEA, common femoral artery 股总动脉CFV, common femoral vein 股总静脉cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate 环磷酸鸟苷CI, confidence interval 置信区间CIA, common iliac artery 髂总动脉CK-MB, MB isozyme of creatine kinase 肌酸激酶同工酶CLI, critical limb ischemia 严重下肢缺血CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 医疗保险和补助中心CNS, central nervous system 中枢神经系统CO, carbon monoxide 一氧化碳CO2, carbon dioxide 二氧化碳COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾患COX, cyclooxygenase 环氧合酶CRI, chronic renal insufficiency 慢性肾功能不全CRP, C-reactive protein C反应蛋白CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome 复杂区域性疼痛CSF, cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液CT, computed tomography 计算机断层扫描CTA, computed tomographic angiography 计算机断层扫描血管造影CTD, connective tissue disease 结缔组织病CTV, computed tomographic venography 计算机断层扫描静脉造影CVI, chronic venous insufficiency 慢性静脉功能不全CVP, central venous pressure 中心静脉压CWH, continuous venovenous hemofiltration 连续型静脉-静脉血液滤过CWHDF, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration 连续型静脉-静脉血液透析法2D, two-dimensional 二维3D, three-dimensional 三维DBI, digital-brachial index 趾肱指数DBP, diastolic blood pressure 舒张压DDAVP, desmopressin去氨加压素DES, drug-eluting stent 药物洗脱支架DFU, diabetic foot ulcer 糖尿病足溃疡DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation弥散性血管内凝血DM, diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid脱氧核糖核酸2,3-DPG, 2,3-diphosphoglvcerate 2,3二磷酸甘油酸酯DRIL, distal revascularization-interval ligation 远端血运重建间隔结扎DSA, digital subtraction angiography 数字减影血管造影DSE, dobutamine stress echocardiography 多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图DTAA, descending thoracic aortic aneurysm 降主动脉瘤DUS, duplex ultrasound 多普勒超声DVT, deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓EC，endothelial cell 内皮细胞ECA, external carotid artery 颈外动脉ECG, electrocardiogram 心电图EC-IC, extracranial-intracranial [bypass] 颅外-颅内旁路术ECM, extracellular matrix 细胞外基质ED，erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍EDS, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 埃勒斯－当洛综合征EDV, end-diastolic velocity 舒张末期流速EEG, electroencephalography 脑电描记法EF, ejection fraction 射血分数EIA, external iliac artery 髂外动脉ELAM-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 内皮细胞白细胞粘附分子-1 ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 酶联免疫吸附测定法ELT, euglobulin lysis time 优球蛋白溶解时间EMG, electromyography 肌电图描记术eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase 内皮一氧化氮合酶ePTFE, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene 膨体聚四氟乙烯ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 红细胞沉降率,血沉ESRD, end-stage renal disease 终末期肾病EVAR, endovascular aneurysm repair 腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术FDA, Food and Drug Administration 食品和药品管理局FDP, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product 纤维蛋白/纤维蛋白原降解产物FEV, forced expiratory volume in 1 second 一秒用力呼气量FFP, fresh frozen plasma 新鲜冰冻血浆FGF, fibroblast growth factor 成纤维细胞生长因子FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia 纤维肌性发育不良FRC, functional residual capacity 功能残气量FVC, forced vital capacity 最大肺活量GA, general anesthesia 全麻GFR, glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率GI, gastrointestinal 胃肠的GMP, guanosine monophosphate 单磷酸鸟(嘌呤)核苷G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶GP-IIb/IIIa, glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa 糖蛋白Ilb/IIIaGSM, gray-scale median 灰度中间值GSV, great saphenous vein 大隐静脉GSW, gunshot wound 枪弹伤GTP, guanosine triphosphate三磷酸鸟(嘌呤)核苷GUI, graphic-user interface 图形用户界面GW, guide wire 导丝HD, hemodialysis 血液透析HDL, high-density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白HIPPA, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 健康保险流通与责任法案HIT, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 肝素诱导的血小板减少症HIV, human immunodeficiency virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒HLA, human leukocyte antigen 人类白细胞抗原HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A羟甲基戊二酰辅酶AHR, hazard ratio 危害比HRQoL, health-related quality of life健康相关生活质量hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 高灵敏度C反应蛋白5-HT, serotonin 5-羟色胺HTN, hypertension 高血压ICA, internal carotid artery 颈内动脉ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 细胞间粘附分子-1ICAVL, Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Vascular Laboratories 国家血管检查评估委员会ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage 颅内出血ICU, intensive care unit 重症监护病房IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein 中密度脂蛋白IEL, internal elastic lamina 内弹力层IFN, interferon 干扰素IFU, instructions for use 使用说明书IGF, insulin-like growth factor 胰岛素样生长因子IH, intimal hyperplasia 内膜增生IL-6, interleukin-6 白介素-6IMA, inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动脉iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase诱生型一氧化氮合酶IOM, Institute of Medicine 医学会IPC, intermittent pneumatic compression 间断性肺压缩IPG, impedance plethysmography 阻抗体积描记法IPPB, intermittent positive pressure breathing 间断性正压呼吸I/R, ischemia-reperfusion 缺血再灌注IVC,inferior vena cava 下腔静脉IVUS, intravascular ultrasound 血管内超声JAK-2, Janus kinase-2 蛋白酪氨酸激酶-2JNK, jun N-terminal kinase N-端氨基酸激酶K/DOQI, Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative 肾脏疾病预后质量测评KM, Kaplan-Meier卡普兰-迈耶曲线LAO, left anterior oblique 左前斜位LDL, low-density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin 低分子量肝素LOS, length of stay 住院时间Lp(a), lipoprotein (a) 脂蛋白LS, lumbosacral 腰骶的LV, left ventricular 左心室LVEDP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure 左心室舒张末期压LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume 左室舒张末期容积LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy 左心室肥大MAP, mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压MCA, middle cerebral artery 大脑中动脉MI, myocardial infarction 心肌梗死MIP, maximum intensity projection 最大强度投影MMP, matrix metalloproteinase 基质金属蛋白酶MOF, multiple organ failure 多器官衰竭MRA, magnetic resonance angiography 核磁共振血管造影MR, magnetic resonance 核磁共振MRI, magnetic resonance imaging 核磁共振成像MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金葡菌MRV, magnetic resonance venography 核磁共振静脉成像MTHFR, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 5,10 -亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶NAC, N-acetylcysteine N-乙酰半胱氨酸NAD*, oxidized nicotinamide dinucleotide 氧化烟酰胺二核苷酸NADH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸,还原型辅酶INADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸,还原型辅酶ⅡNAIS, neo-aortoiliac system 新主髂动脉系统Nd:YAG, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet 钕钇铝石榴石NF-K B, nuclear factor K B核因子K BNIH, National Institutes of Health 国立卫生研究院NTS, National Inpatient Sample 全国住院样本NOS, nitric oxide synthase 一氧化氮合酶NPV, negative predictive value阴性预测值NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug非甾体抗炎药NSQIP, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 全国外科质量改进计划OR, odds ratio 优势比OTW, over-the-wire 导丝支撑的PA, pulmonary artery 腓动脉PAD, peripheral arterial disease 周围动脉疾病PAI, proximalization of arterial inflow 动脉流入道近端PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1 PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease 周围动脉闭塞性疾病PBI, penile-brachial index 阴茎-肱(动脉收缩压)指数PBRCs, packed red blood cells 浓缩红细胞PCA, posterior cerebral artery 大脑后动脉PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention 经皮冠脉介入PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen 增殖细胞核抗原PCWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure 肺动脉楔压PD, peritoneal dialysis 腹膜透析PDE, phosphodiesterase磷酸二酯酶PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor血小板源生长因子PE, pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞PECAM-1, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1血小板-内皮细胞粘附分子-1PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure呼气末正压通气PEG, polyethylene glycol聚乙二醇PET, positron emission tomography正电子发射体层摄影PF4, platelet factor 4血小板因子ⅣPEA, profunda femoris artery 股深动脉PFT, pulmonary function test/testing 肺功能测试PGE2, prostaglandin E2 前列腺素E2PGI2, prostaglandin I, 前列腺素IPKC, protein kinase C蛋白激酶CPMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil 多形核中性粒细胞PPG, photoplethysmography光学体积描记术PPV, positive predictive value阳性预测(价)值PRBCs, packed red blood cells 浓缩红细胞PSA, pseudoaneurysm 假性动脉瘤psi, pounds per square inch 磅/平方英寸PSV, peak systolic velocity最大收缩速度PT, prothrombin time凝血酶原时间PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty 经皮腔内血管成形术PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene聚四氟乙烯PTT, partial thromboplastin time部分凝血致活酶时间PVI, peripheral vascular intervention 周围血管介入PVR, pulse volume recording脉搏容积记录仪QALY, quality-adjusted life year质量调整生命年QoL, quality of life 生活质量RAAA, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm 破裂腹主动脉瘤RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products高级糖基化终末产物受体RAO, right anterior oblique 右前斜位RAS, renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄RBC, red blood cell 红细胞RCT, randomized controlled trial 随机对照试验Re, Reynolds number 雷诺数RFA, radiofrequency ablation射频消蚀RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp 精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸RI, resistive index 对抗指数RIND, reversible ischemic neurologic deficit 可逆性缺血性神经障碍RP, retroperitoneal 腹膜后的RR, relative risk 相对危险度RS, Raynaud's syndrome 雷诺氏综合征rt-PA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂RUDI, revision using distal inflow 流入道远端的修复SBP, systolic blood pressure 收缩压SD, standard deviation 标准差SE, standard error 标准误SEPS, subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery 筋膜内镜下手术SF-36, Short Form (36) Health Survey 健康调查简表-36SFA, superficial femoral artery 股浅动脉SFJ, saphenofemoral junction 股隐交界处SK, streptokinase 链激酶SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮SMA, superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动脉SMC, smooth muscle cell 平滑肌细胞SOD, superoxide dismutase超氧化物歧化酶SPECT, single-proton emission computed tomography 单光子发射计算体层摄影SPJ, saphenopopliteal junction 隐腘静脉交界处SSV, small saphenous vein 小隐静脉STEMI, ST-segment myocardial infarction ST段异常心肌梗死SVC, superior vena cava 上腔静脉SVS, Society for Vascular Surgery 血管外科协会TAA, thoracic aortic aneurysm 胸主动脉瘤TAAA, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm 胸腹主动脉瘤TAAD, thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection 胸主动脉瘤和夹层TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans 血栓闭塞性脉管炎TASC, Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease 周围动脉疾病治疗的泛大西洋跨协会建议TCD, transcranial Doppler 经颅多普勒TEE, transesophageal echocardiography 经食道超声TEVAR, thoracic endovascular aortic repair 胸主动脉修复术TF, tissue factor 组织因子TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β转化生长因子-βTIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting 经颈静脉肝内门体分流术TLR, target lesion revascularization 靶病变血管重建TMA, transmetatarsal amputation 经跖骨截肢术TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α肿瘤坏死因子-αTOS, thoracic outlet syndrome 胸廓出口综合征t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator 组织纤溶酶原激活剂TT, thrombin time 凝血酶时间TTE, transthoracic echocardiography 经胸壁超声心动图TXA2, thromboxane A2 血栓素A2UFH, unfractionated heparin 普通肝素UK, urokinase 尿激酶u-PA, urinary plasminogen activator (urokinase) 尿纤溶酶原激活物USPSTF, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force美国预防服务工作队VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery电视辅助胸腔镜手术VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1血管细胞粘附分子-1VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor 血管内皮生长因子VFI, venous filling index 静脉充盈指数VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell 血管平滑肌细胞VSS, Venous Severity Score 静脉严重性分级VTE, venous thromboembolism 静脉血栓栓塞性疾病vWF, von Willebrand factor 血管假性血友病因子WBC, white blood cell 白细胞WIQ, Walking Impairment Questionnaire 步行曲线调查表欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
运动医学常用英语词汇)
运动医学相关词汇比哆醇( 维生素B6 ) == pyroxidine ( vitamin B6 ) α生育酚( 维生素E ) == alpha tocopherol ( vitamin E ) α波( 脑波) == alpha wave ( brainwave ) β波( 脑波) == beta wave ( brainwave )δ波( 脑波) == delta wave ( brainwave ) θ波( 脑波) == theta wave ( brainwave )ABO 系统( 血型) == ABO system ( blood group ) B 细胞== B cellRh 系统== rhesus system Rh 阴性( Rh 系统) == rhesus-negative ( rhesus system ) Rh 阳性( Rh 系统) == rhesus-positive ( rhesus system ) T 细胞== T cellX 光( 放射线摄影术) == X-ray ( radiography ) X 染色体( 性染色体) == X chromosome ( sexchromosome ) Y 染色体( 性染色体) == Y chromosome ( sex chromosome )一划：乙状结肠( 结肠) == sigmoid colon ( colon )二划：二尖瓣( 心瓣膜) == bicuspid valve ( heart valve ) 二尖齿( 前臼齿) == bicuspid ( premolar )二倍体细胞== diploid cell 二氧化碳( 无机化合物) == carbon dioxidel / CO2 ( inorganie compound ) 人口( 死亡率) == population ( mortality rate ) 人工肾脏( 透析) == artificial kidney ( dialysis )人工节律器( 窦房结) == artificial pacemaker ( sinoatrial node )人工瓣膜( 心瓣膜) == artificial valve ( heart valve ) 人工关节== artificial joint人字缝( 骨缝) == lambdoid suture ( suture ) 人乳( 乳汁) == human milk ( milk )人体生物学== human biology ( biology ) 人体系统== body system 十二指肠== duodemun人类免疫不全病毒(人类免疫不全病毒) == Human Immunodeficiency virus ( HIV)人类基因组计画( 基因组) == Human Genome Project ( gemone )三划：三甘油酯( 脂肪) == triglyceride ( fat ) 三尖瓣( 心瓣膜) == tricuspid valve ( heart valve )三角肌== deltoid 三角骨( 腕骨) == triquetrum ( carpal ) 下位的== inferior三胞胎( 多胎妊娠) == triplets ( multiple pregnancy ) 上位的== superior三级支气管( 支气管) == tertiary bronchus ( bronchus )下直肌( 眼直肌) == inferior rectus ( rectus eye muscle ) 下肢== lower extremity下食道括约肌( 幽门括约肌) == lower oesophageal sphincter ( pyloric sphincter )下唇降肌( 口轮匝肌) == depressor labii inferioris ( orbicularis oris )下斜肌( 眼斜肌) == inferior oblique ( oblique eye muscle )下腔静脉( 腔静脉) == inferior vena cava ( vena cava ) 下视丘== hypothalamus下鼻甲( 颜面骨) == inferior nasal coneha ( facial bone ) 下颌( 颌骨) == lower jaw ( jaw )下颌骨( 颜面骨) == mandible ( facial bone ) 下臂( 上肢) == lower arm ( upper extremity )上皮( 上皮组织) == epithelium ( epithelial tissue )上皮组织== epithelial tissue上直肌( 眼直肌) == superior rectus ( rectus eye muscle ) 上肢== upper extremity上唇提肌( 口轮匝肌) == levator labii superioris ( orbicularis oris )上斜肌( 眼斜肌) == superior oblique ( sblique eye muscle )上腔静脉( 腔静脉) == superior vena cave ( vena cave )上颌( 颌骨) == upper jaw ( jaw )上颌骨( 颜面骨) == maxilla / maxillae ( facial bone )上臂( 上肢) == upper arm ( upper extremity)上睑提肌( 眼轮匝肌) == levator palpebrae superioris ( orbicularis oculi )丸，丸剂( 避孕用具) == pill ( contraceptive ) 上颚犬齿( 犬齿) == eye teeth ( canine )千卡( 千焦耳) == kilocalorie / kcal ( kilojoule )千焦耳( kj ) == kilojoule ( kh )口== mouth口角降肌( 笑肌) == depressor anguli oris ( risorius )口角提肌( 笑肌) == levator anguli oris ( risorius )口渴( 营养) == thirst ( nutrition )口腔( 口) == oral cavity ( mouth )口轮匝肌== orbicularis oris大分子( 分子) == macromolecule ( molecule )大阴唇( 阴道) == labia majora ( vagina )大量营养素== macronutrient大肠== large intestine大脑== cerebrum大脑半球( 大脑) == cerebral hemisphere ( cerebrum )大脑疲质( 大脑) == cerebral cortex ( cerebrum ) 大腿( 下肢) == thigh ( lower extremity )大腿( 下肢) == upper leg ( lower cxtremity )大腿骨( 股骨) == thighbone ( femur )大隐静脉( 股静脉) == great saphenous vein ( femoral vein )子宫== uterus / womb子宫内膜( 月经周期) == endometrium ( menstrual cycle )子宫颈( 子宫) == cervix ( uterus )小动脉( 动脉) == arteriole ( artery )小阴唇( 阴道) == labia minora ( vagina )小肠== small intestine小脑== cerebellum小叶( 肝细胞) == lobule ( hepatocyte )小叶( 肝) == lobule ( lung )小腿( 下肢) == lower leg ( lower extremity )小静脉( 静脉) == venule ( vein )干扰素== interferon弓== arch四划不孕== infertility不表现的( 基因型) == unexpressed ( genotype )不相容血液( 血型) == incompatible blood ( blood group )不动关节( 关节) == fixed joint ( joint )不溶性纤维( 膳食纤维质) == insoluble fibre ( dietary fibre )不随意肌( 平滑肌) == involuntary muscle ( smooth muscle )不饱和的( 油) == unsaturated ( oil )中子( 原子) == neutron ( atom )中心粒( 纺锤体) == centriole ( spindle )中央窝( 视网膜) == fovea ( retina )中央管( 脑脊髓液) == central canal ( cerebrospinal fluid )中耳== middle ear中风( 栓塞) == stroke ( thrombosis )中胚层( 分化) == mesoderm ( differentiation )中暑( 温度调节) == heatstroke ( thermoregulation )中轴== axis中轴骨胳== axial skeleton中脑( 脑干) == midbrain ( brain stem )中隔( 心脏) == septum ( heart )中线( 中轴) == midline ( axis )中枢神经系统( 神经系统) == central nervous system / CNS ( nervous system )元素== element内分泌系统== endocrine system内分泌腺( 腺体) == endocrine gland ( gland )内分泌学== endocrinology内出血( 出血) == internal haemorrhage ( haemorrhage )内刺激( 刺激) == internal stimulus ( stimulus )内在环境( 环境) == internal environment ( enviromment )内收== adduction内收肌( 内收) == adductor ( adduction )内收大肌( 内收长肌) == adductor magnus ( adductor longus ) 内收短肌( 内收长肌) == adductor brevis ( adductor longus ) 内耳== inner ear内呼吸( 呼吸) == internal respiration ( reapiration )内直肌( 眼直肌) == medial rectus ( rectus eye muscle )内胚层( 分化) == endoderm ( differentiation )内侧的== medial内斜肌( 外斜肌) == internal oblique ( external oblique )内视镜( 内视镜检查) == endoscope ( endoscopy )内视镜检查== endoscopy内质网== endoplasmic reticulum / ER六零六( 艾希利) == salvarsan ( Paul Ehrlich )分子== molecule分化== differentiation分泌( 腺体) == secretion ( gland )分娩( 生产) == parturition ( birth )分娩第一期( 阵痛) == first stage of labour ( labour )分娩第二期( 分娩) == second stage of labour ( laborur )分娩第三期( 分娩) == third stage of labour ( labour )分裂球( 卵裂) == blastomere ( cleavage )分节== segmentation分叶( 肺) == segment ( lung )分解代谢== catabolism分解代谢反应( 分解代谢) == catabolic reaction ( catabolism ) 分解激素== hormone breaddown化学反应== chemical reaction化学抵抗== chemical resistance化合物== chemical compound化学能( 能量) == chemical energy ( energy )化学受器== chemoreceptor化学键== chemical bond升结肠( 结肠) == ascending colon ( colon )反射== reflelx反射弧== reflex arc反应( 刺激) == response ( stimulus )天花== smallpox尺神经== ulnar nerve尺骨== ulna尺侧屈腕肌( 手部屈肌) == flexor carpi ulnaris ( flexor of the hand )巴托林== Bartholin , Csspar巴甫洛夫== Pavlov , Ivan巴斯德== Pasteur , Louis巴齐尼氏小体( 机械性受器) == Pancinian corpuscle ( mechanoreceptor ) 引起过敏的( 过敏原) == allergenic ( allergen )心力衰竭( 心脏病发作) == heart failure ( heart attack )心包囊( 心脏) == pericardium ( heart )心肌== cardiac muscle心肌梗塞( 心脏病发作) == myocardial infarction ( heart attack )心房== atrium / atria心房收缩( 心抟) == atrial systole ( heartbeat )心室( 心脏) == ventricle ( heart )心室收缩( 心抟) == ventricular systole ( heartbeat )心舒期( 心抟) == diastole ( heartbeat )心抟．心跳== heartbeat心抟周期( 心抟) == heartbeat cycle ( heartbeat )心跳速率== heart rate心电图( 心电图仪) == ECG / electrocardiogram ( electrocardiograph )心电图仪== electrocardiograph心瓣膜== heart valve心脏== heart心脏血管系统( 循环系统) == cardiovascular system ( circulatory system ) 心脏病发作== heart attack心脏病学== cardiology手== hand手指( 指骨) == finger / digit ( phalanx of the hand )手部伸肌== extensor of the hand手部屈肌== flexor of the hand支气管== bronchus / bronchi支气管分支== bronchial tree月状骨( 腕骨) == lunate ( carpal )月经== menstruation月经周期== menstrual cycle止痛剂( 药物) == analgesic ( drug )比目鱼肌( 跟腱) == soleus ( Achilles tendon )比沙== Bichat , Marie Francois毛细胞== hair cell毛发== hair毛囊( 毛发) == hair follicle ( hair )水== water / H2O水痘== chickenpox水溶性纤维生素== water-soluble vitamins水样波( 玻璃液) == aqueous humour ( vitreous humour )牙痛( 龋齿) == toothache ( tooth decay )牙齿== tooth生皮癣== psoriasis犬齿== canine五划丙酮酸( 糖解) == pyruvic acid ( glycolysis )主动免疫( 免疫) == active immunization ( immunization )主动脉== aorta主动脉半月瓣( 心瓣膜) == aortic semilunar valve ( heart valve )主动运动== active transport代谢== metabolism代谢脂肪== fat metabolism代谢蛋白质== protein metabolism代谢率== metabolic rate代谢产物== metabolite代谢障碍== metabolic disorder充氧血( 动脉) == oxygenated blood ( artery )出汗( 排汗) == sweating ( perspiration )出血== haemorrhage出生率( 死亡率) == birth rate ( mortality rate )加瓦尼== Galvani , Luigi加伦== Galen , Claudius ( Galenus )北里柴三郎== Kitasato , Shibasaburo半月板== meniscus / menisci半动关节( 关节) == partially moveable joint ( joint )半球( 小脑) == hemisphere ( cerebellum )半规管== semicircular canal半透膜( 差异性渗透膜) == semi-permeable membrane ( differentially ) 半腱肌( 腿后腱) == semitendinosus ( hamstring )半膜肌( 腿后腱) == semimembranosus ( hamstring )卡路里( 禾焦耳) == calorie ( kilojoule )卡尔梅特== Calmette , Albert去氧核糖核酸== DNA去氧核糖核酸( 去氧核糖核酸) == deoxyribonucleic ( DNA )去胺基作用== deamination可伦坡== Colombo , Matteo可溶性纤维( 膳食纤维质) == soluble fibre ( dietary fibre )右肺动脉( 肺循环) == right pulmonary artery ( pulmonary circulation ) 右肺静脉( 肺循环) == right pulmonary vein ( pulmonary circulation ) 右淋巴导管( 淋巴管) == right lymphatic duct ( lymph vessel )史密斯== Smith , Theobald史塔林( 高峰丈吉) == Starling , Ernest ( Jokichi , Takamine )四分体( 交换) == tetrad ( crossing over )四胞胎( 多胎妊娠) == quadruplets ( multiple pregnancy )外分泌腺( 腺体) == exocrine gland ( gland )外出血( 出血) == external haemorrhage ( haemorrhage )外半规管( 半规管) == lateral semicircular canal ( semicircular canal )外皮( 外皮系统) == integument ( integumentary system )外皮系统== integumentary system外在环境( 环境) == external environment ( environment )外耳== outer ear外耳道( 外耳) == auditory canal ( outer ear )外呼吸( 呼吸) == external respiration ( respiration )外刺激( 刺激) == external stimulus ( stimulus )外直肌( 眼直肌) == lateral rectus ( rectus eye muscle )外胚层( 分化) == ectoderm ( differentiation )外展== abduction外展肌( 外展) == abductor ( abduction )外侧的( 内侧的) == lateral ( medial )外斜肌== external oblique巨人症( 生长激素) == gigantism ( growh hormone )左肺动脉( 肺循环) == left pulmonary artery ( pulmonary circulation )左肺静脉( 肺循环) == left pulmonary vein ( pulmonary circulation )平面关节( 滑动关节) == plane joint ( gliding joint )平滑内质网( 内质网) == smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( endoplasmic reticulum )平滑肌== smooth muscle平衡== balance平衡( 平衡) == equilibrium ( balance )弗拉卡斯托罗== Fuacastoro , Girolamo弗勒明== Flemming , Walther必需胺基酸== essential amino acid本能( 行为) == instinct ( behaviour )本能行为( 行为) == instinctive behaviour ( behaviour )本体感受器( 机械性受器) == proprioceptor ( mechanoreceptor )正子发射断层( 正子发射断层摄影) == PET / positron emission tomograph ( positron emission tomography )正子发射断层摄影== positron emission tomography正中神经( 桡神经) == median nerve ( radial nerve )正回馈( 回馈系统) == positive feedback ( feedback system )甘油( 脂肪) == glycerol ( fat )甘农( 贝尔那) == Cannon , Walter ( Claude Bernard )生化学家( 生物化学) == biochemist ( biochemistry )生育控制== birth control生物化学== biochemistry生物时钟( 昼夜节律) == biological clock ( circadian rhythm )生物素== biotin生物学== biology生长== growth生长激素== growth hormone生理学== physiology生理学家( 生理学) == physiologist ( physiology )生产== birth生殖系统== reproductive system生殖周期== reproductive cycle生殖器( 生殖系统) == genitals ( reproductive system )用手习惯== handedness甲状软骨( 喉) == thyroid cartilage ( larynx )甲状腺== thyroid gland甲状腺素( 甲状腺) == thyroxine ( thyroid gland )甲状腺机能亢进( 代谢障碍) == hyperthyroidism ( metabolic disorder )白子( 黑色素) == albinos ( melanin )白化症== albinism白血病== leukaemia白血球== white blood cell / leucocyte白喉== diphtheria白质== white matter布罗卡== Broca , Paul皮内尔== Pinel , Phillipe皮脂( 皮脂腺) == sebum ( sebaceous gland )皮脂腺== sebaceous gland皮肤== skin皮肤病学== dermatology皮质( 肾上腺) == cortex ( adrenal gland )皮质( 肾) == cortex ( kidney )皮质骨( 致密骨) == cortical bone ( compact bone )皮质类固醇( 肾上腺) == corticosteroid ( sdrenal gland )矢状缝( 骨缝) == sagittal suture ( suture )石绵肺症== asbestosis六划交叉( 交换) == chiasmata / chiasma ( crossing over )交换== crossing over交媾( 性交) == copulation ( sexual intercourse )交感神经系统( 自律神经系统) == sympathetic nervous system ( autonomic nervous system )亥姆霍兹== Helmhltz , Hermann休克== shock光受器== photoreceptor光学显微镜( 显微镜检查) == light microscope ( microscopy )光学显微照片( 显微镜检查) == light micrograph ( microscopy )先天性反射== inborn reflex先天性行为( 行为) == innate behaviour ( behaviour )先天性缺陷== birth defect全身感觉( 感觉) == general sense ( sense )共价键( 化学键) == covalent bond ( chemical bond )再生( 组织) == regeneration ( tissue )列奥米尔== Reaumur , Rene Antoine同化作用== assimilation同卵双胞胎== identical twins同源染色体== homologous chromosome同质结合细胞== homozygous cell合子== zygote合成代谢== anabolism合成代谢反应( 合成代谢) == anabolic reaction ( anabolism )回馈系统== feedback system多不饱和脂肪( 油) == polyunsaturated fat ( oil )多伊西== Doisy , Edward多胎妊脤== multiple pregnancy多发性硬化== multiple sclerosis ( MS )多醣( 碳水化合物) == polysaccharide ( carbohydrate )字根== word root安．纳菲斯== An-Nafis , Ibn安德森== Anderson , Elizabeth Garrett成人== adult成年齿( 恒齿) == adult teeth ( permanent teeth )收缩压( 血压计) == systolic blood pressur ( sphygmomanometer ) 早产== premature birth有性生殖( 生殖系统) == sexual reproduction ( reproductive system ) 有氧呼吸== aerobic respiration有丝分裂== mitosis有意识的( 意识) == conscious ( consciousness )有机化合物== organic compound次级支气管( 支气管) == secondary ( bronchus )次级滤泡( 滤泡) == secondary follicle ( follicle )死亡== death死亡率== mortality rate / death rate汗( 汗线) == sweat ( sweat gland )汗孔( 汗腺) == sweat pore ( sweat gland )汗线== sweat gland汗管( 汗腺) == sweat duct ( sweat gland )灰质== grey matter百日咳== whooping cough / pertussis米勒== Muller , Johannes米德== Mead , Margaret羊水( 羊膜) == amniotic fluid ( amnion )羊膜== amnion羊膜穿刺术( 羊膜) == amniocentesis ( amnion )老化== ageing老花眼( 远视) == presbyopia ( long sight )耳== ear耳石( 球囊) == otolith ( saccule )耳咽管== eustachian tube耳廓( 外耳) == pinna ( outer ear )耳鸣== tinnitus耳蜗== cochlea耳聋== deafness肋骨( 胸廓) == rib ( ribcage )肋软骨( 胸廓) == costal cartilage ( ribcage )肋间肌== intercostal muscle肌小束( 肌肉) == sarcomere ( muscle )肌肉== muscle肌肉收缩== muscle contraction肌肉疲劳== muscle fatigue肌肉组织== muscular tissue肌肉紧张( 肌肉收缩) == muscle tone (muscle contraction )肌原纤维( 肌肉) == myofibril ( muscle )肌动蛋白( 肌肉) == actin ( muscle )肌凝蛋白( 肌肉) == myosin ( muscle )肌肉萎缩症== muscular dystrophy肌纤维( 肌肉) == muscle fibre / myofibre ( muscle )自律神经系统== autonomic nervous system自然免疫( 免疫系统) == natural immunity ( immune system )自溶( 溶梅体) == autolysis ( lysosome )自体免疫== autoimmunity自体免疫疾病( 自体免疫) == autoimmune disease ( autoimmunity ) 臼齿== molar舌== tongue舌下腺( 唾液腺) == sublingual gland ( salivary galnd )舌骨== hyoid bone舟状骨( 腕骨) == scaphoid ( carpal )舟状骨( 跗骨) == navicular ( tarsal )色盲== colour blindness色觉== colour vision艾克曼== Eijkman , Christiaan艾利希== Ehrlich , Paul血小板== platelet血小板栓子( 血小板) == platelet plug ( platelet )血友病( 凝固) == haemophilia ( coagulation )血型== blood group血型系统( 血型) == blood group system ( blood group )血红素== haemoglobin血栓( 栓塞) == thrombus ( thrombosis )血栓细胞( 血小板) == thrombocyte ( platelet )血液== blood血液透析( 透析) == haemodialysis ( dialysis )血液学== haematology血管== blood vessel血管加压素( 抗利尿激素) == vasopressin ( antidiuretic hormone )血管收缩( 血管舒张) == vasoconstriction ( vasodilation )血管造影( 血管造影术) == angiograph (angiography )血管造影片( 血管造影术) == angiogram (angiography )血管造影术== angiography血管舒张== vasodilation血凝块( 凝固) == blood clot ( coagulation )血浆== blood plasma血浆蛋白( 血浆) == plasma protein ( blood plasma )血糖( 葡萄糖) == blood sugar ( glucose )血压== blood pressure血压计== sphygmomanometer行为== behaviour囟门== fontanelle七划亨耳== Henle , Friedrich亨氏环( 肾小管) == loop of Henle ( renal tubule )亨特== Hunter , John佛莱明爵士== Fleming , Sir Alexander佛罗瑞爵士== Florey , Sir Howard伸肌( 伸展) == extensor ( extension )伸肌支带( 手部伸肌) == extensor retinaculum ( extensor of the hand ) 伸肌支带( 足部伸肌) == extensor retinaculum ( extensor of the foot ) 伸展== extension伸展感受器( 机械性受器) == stretch receptor ( mechanoreceptor )低张的( 等张的) == hypotonic ( isotonic )佝偻病== rickets克里克== Crick , Francis克列伯氏循环== Krebs cycle克列伯斯== Krebs , Hans免疫反应== immune response免疫系统== immune system免疫法== immunization免疫( 免疫系统) == immune ( immune system )免疫球蛋白( 抗体) == immunoglobulin ( antibody )免疫学== immunology利斯特== Lister , Joseph利维–蒙塔西尼== Levi-Montalcini , Rita卵子== ovum / ova卵子发生( 卵子) == oogenesis ( ovum )卵母细胞( 卵子) == oocyte ( ovum )卵巢== ovary卵巢周期== ovarian cycle卵细胞( 卵子) == egg cell ( ovum )卵裂== cleavage卵圆窗( 内耳) == oval window ( inner ear )卵磷脂( 磷脂) == lecithin ( phospholipid )吞噬作用== phagocytosis吞噬细胞== phagocyte吞咽== swallowing呃逆== hiccup / hiccough吸入== inhalation吸入( 气体交换) == inhale ( gas exchange )吸收== absorption吸气( 吸入) == inspiration ( inhalation )含氮废物( 排泄) == nitrogenous waste ( excretion )均衡的饮食( 食物) == balanced diet ( diet )坐骨( 骨盆带) == ischium ( pelvic girdle )坐骨神经== sciatic nerve坐骨神经痛== sciatica妊娠== pregnancy尿素( 尿液) == urea ( urine )尿液== urine尿道( 膀胱) == urethra ( bladder )尿嘧啶( 盐基) == uracil ( base )利尿剂( 抗利尿激素) == diuretic ( antidiuretic hormone )尾骨== coccyx尾椎( 尾骨) == coccygeal vertebra ( coccyx )希波克拉底== Hippocrates希斯== His , Wilhelm快速动眼睡眠( 睡眠) == rapid eye movement sleep / REM sleep ( sleep )抗生素( 药物) == antibiotic ( drug )抗利尿激素== antidiuretic hormone / ADH抗原== antigen抗胰岛素== glucagon抗组织胺药物( 枯草热) == antihistamine drug ( hay fever )抗凝血剂== anticoagulant抗坏血酸( 维生素C ) == ascorbic acid ( vitamin C )抗体== antibody抗体间接免疫(体液免液) == antibody-mediated immunity ( humoral immunity ) 扭伤== sprain折射( 调节) == refracted ( accommodation )杜维== Duve , Christian de杓状软骨( 喉) == arytenoid cartilage ( larynx )沙克== Salk , Jonas狂犬病== rabies肝== liver肝炎== hepatitis肝门静脉( 肝动脉) == hepatic portal vein ( hepatic artery ) 肝动脉== hepatic artery肝细胞== hepatocyte肝循环( 肝动脉) == hepatic circulation ( hepatic artery ) 肝糖== glycogen肘( 铰金关节) == elbow ( hinge joint )肛门( 直肠) == anus ( rectum )肛门内括约肌( 直肠) == internal anal sphincter ( rectum ) 肛门外括约肌( 直肠) == external anal sphincter ( rectum ) 肛道( 直肠) == anal canal ( rectum )肚脐( 脐带) == navel ( umbilical cord )角蛋白( 结构蛋白) == keratin ( atructural protein )角膜== cornea角质层( 表皮) == cornified layer ( epidermis )贝尔== Baer , Karl von贝尔那== Benard , Claude贝尔爵士== Bell , Sir Charles足．脚== foot足部伸肌== extensor of the foot足部屈肌== flexor of the foot足趾( 趾骨) == toe / digit ( phalanx of the foot )足跟( 跗骨) == heel ( tarsal )防腐剂== antiseptic八划乳化( 胆汁) == emulsify ( bile )乳汁== milk乳房( 泌乳) == breast ( lactation )乳腺( 泌乳) == mammary gland ( lactation )乳管( 泌乳) == milk duct ( lactation )乳酸( 糖解) == lactic acid ( glycolysis )乳酸酦酵== lactic acid fermentation乳齿== milk teeth乳糖== lactose乳糖梅( 乳糖) == lactase ( lactose )乳头( 味蕾) == papilla ( taste bud)乳头( 泌乳) == nipple ( lactation )乳糜管== lacteal供血者( 输血) == blood donor ( blood transfusion )佩鲁茨== Perutz , Max侏儒症( 生长激素) == dwarfism ( growth hormone )两手同利的== ambidextrous ( handedness )刺激== stimulus受孕== conception受精== fertilization受器( 感觉神经元) == receptor ( sensory neuron )受器位置( 激素) == receptor site ( bormone )味孔( 味蕾) == taste pore ( taste bud )味道( 味觉) == flavour ( taste )味蕾== taste bud味觉== taste呼出== exhalation呼出( 气体交换) == exhale ( gas exchange )呼吸== breathing呼吸== respiration呼吸中枢( 呼吸速率) == respiratory centre ( breathing rate )呼吸系统== respiratory system呼吸控制== respiratory control呼吸速率== breathing rate呼吸道== respiratory tract呼吸膜== respiratory membrane呼气( 呼出) == expiration ( exhalation )周围的，末梢的== peripheral周围神经( 神经系统) == peripheral nerve ( nervous system )周围神经系统( 神经系统) == peripheral nervous system ( nervous system ) 固定巨噬细胞( 单核球) == fixed macrophage ( monocyte )夜盲== night blindness孟德尔== Mendel , Gregor屈曲== flexion屈肌( 屈曲) == flexor ( flexion )屈肌支带( 手部屈肌) == flexor retinaculum ( flexor of the hand )屈趾长肌( 足部屈肌) == flexor digitorum longus ( flexor of the foot )屈拇长肌( 足部屈肌) == flexor hallucis longus ( flexor of the foot )屈拇短肌( 对掌拇肌) == flexor pollicis brevis (opponens pollicis )屈指浅肌( 手部屈肌) == flexor digitorum superficialis ( flexor of the hand ) 屈趾短肌== flexor digitorum brevis帕金森氏症== Parkinson’s disease帕雷== Pare , Ambroise延髓( 脑干) == medulla oblongata ( brain stem )弧影( 指甲) == lunula ( nail )性交== sexual intercourse性染色体== sex chromosome性细胞== sex cell性联对偶基因== sex-linked allele性激素== sex hormone拉瓦钖== Lavoisier , Antoine拉埃内克== Laennec , Rene Theophile拇指( 指骨) == thumb / first digit ( phalanx of the hand )拇趾( 趾骨) == big toe ( phalanx of the foot )拇囊肿== bunion抵抗力== resistance放射线照片( 放射线摄影术) == radiograph ( radiography )放射线摄影术== radiography昏迷( 意识) == coma ( consciousness )枕骨大孔( 颅) == foramen magnum ( cranium )枕骨( 颅) == occipital bone ( cranium )枕骨肌( 额肌) == occipitalis ( frontalis )果糖( 糖) == fructose / fruit sugar ( sugar )林德== Lind , James杵臼关节== ball-and socket joint泌尿系统== urinary system泌乳== lactation柲乳反射( 泌乳) == milk let-down reflex ( lactation )波特== Pott , Percival法布里休斯== Fabricius , Hieronymus法罗皮欧== Fallopio Gabriello油== oil治疗( 诊断) == therapy ( diagnosis )泡( 胞饮作用) == vesicle ( pinocytosis )泛酸== pantothenic acid炎症== inflammation盲肠== caecum盲点== blind spot直肠== rectum空肠== jejunum肺== lung肺半月瓣( 心瓣膜) == pulmonary semilunar valve ( heart valve ) 肺泡== alveolus / alveoli肺泡巨噬细胞( 尘细胞) == alveolar macrophage ( dust cell )肺炎== pneumonia肺活量== vital capacity肺气肿== emphysema肺循环== pulmonary circulation肺叶( 肺) == lobe ( lung )肥胖== obesity肢带== girdle肱二头肌== biceps brachii肱三头肌== triceps brachii肱肌== brachialis肱骨== humerus肱骨内髁( 尺神经) == funny bone ( ulnar nerve )肱动脉== brachial artery肱静脉== brachial vein肱桡肌== brachioradialis股二头肌( 腿后腱) == biceps femoris ( hamstring )股中间肌( 股四头肌) == vastus intermedius ( quadriceps femoris )股内侧肌( 股四头肌) == vastus medialis ( quadriceps femoris )股四头肌== quadriceps femoris股外侧肌( 股四头肌) == vastus lateralis ( quadriceps femoris )股直肌( 股四头肌) == rectus femoris ( quadriceps femoris )股骨== femur股动脉== femoral artery股静脉== femoral vein肩( 杵臼关节) == shoulder ( ball-and-socket joint )肩胛骨( 胸带) == shoulderblade / scapula ( pectoral girdle )肩带( 胸带) == shoulder girdle ( pectoral girdle )虎克== Hooke , Robert初乳== colostrum初级支气管( 支气管) == primary bronchus ( bronhus )初级滤泡( 滤泡) == primary follicle ( follicle )初经，月经初潮== menarche表皮== epidermis表皮山脊== epidermal ridge表皮角层( 指甲) == cuticle ( nail )表面的== superficial表面活性剂== surfactant表面张力( 表面活性剂) == surface tension ( surfactant )表现的( 基因型) == expressed ( genotype )表现型== phenotype近曲小管( 肾小管) == proximal convoluted tubule ( renal tubule )近视== short sight / near sight / myopia近端的== proximal长出( 牙齿) == erupt ( tooth )长拇趾伸肌( 足部伸肌) == extensor hallucis longus (extensor of the foot ) 长趾伸肌( 足部伸肌) == extensor digitorum longus (extensor of the foot ) 长期记忆( 记忆) == long-term memory ( memory )门齿== incisor阿米巴病( 阿米巴痢疾) == amoebiasis ( amoebic dysentery )阿米巴痢疾== amoebic dysentery阿滋海默症== Alzheimer’s disease阿尔克迈翁== Alcmaeon阿维森纳== Avicenna , Idn Sina附肢( 附肢骨骼) == appendage ( appendicular skeleton )附肢骨骼== appendicular skeletom青少年期==adolescence青春期== puberty非快速动眼睡眠( 睡眠) == non-rapid eye movement sleep / NREM sleep ( sleep)非专一性抵抗力( 抵抗力) == non-specific resistance ( resistance )非传染性疾病== non-infectious非传染病( 传染病) == non-communicable disease (communicable disease )九划保温箱( 早产) == incubator ( premature birth )保险箱( 避孕用具) == condom ( contraceptive )促毋状腺激素( 脑下垂体) == thyroid-stimulating hormone ( pituitary gland )促甲状腺激素( 脑下垂体) == thyrotropin ( pituitary gland )促肾上腺皮质激素( 脑下垂体) == ACTH / adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( pituitary gland )促进扩散( 扩散) == facilitated diffusion ( diffusion )促滤泡成熟激素== follicle-stimulating hormone / FSH冠( 法琅质) == crown ( enamel )冠状动脉== coronary artery冠状动脉栓塞( 冠状动脉) == coronary thrombosis ( coronary artery )冠状循环( 冠状动脉) == coronary circulation ( coronary artery )冠状缝( 骨缝) == coronal suture ( suture )冠状窦( 冠状动脉) == coronary sinus ( coronary artery )前半规管( 半规管) == anterior semicircular canal ( semicircular canal )前列腺，摄护腺== prostate gland前臼齿== premolar前囟( 囟门) == anterior fontanelle ( fontanelle )前面的== anterior前庭( 球囊) == vestibule ( saccule )前脑== forebrain前叶( 脑下垂体) == anterior lobe ( pituitary gland )前锯肌== serratus anterior前臂( 上肢) == forearm ( upper extremity )咳嗽== coughing咽== pharynx咽喉( 咽) == throat ( pharynx )哈氏小管( 骨单元) == Haversian canal ( osteon )哈氏系统( 骨单元) == Haversian system ( osteon )哈弗斯== Havers , Clopton哈勒== Haller , Albrecht von哈维== Harvery , William垂体神部( 脑下垂体) == neurohypophysis ( pituitary gland )垂体腺性部( 脑下垂体) == adenohypophysis ( pituitary gland )姿势( 肌肉收缩) == posture ( muscle contraction )威尔柯夫== Virchow , Rudolph封闭式骨折( 骨折) == closed fracture ( fracture )幽门括约肌== pyloric sphincter后天性免疫下全征候群( 爱滋病) == Acquired lmmune Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) 后半规管( 半规管) == posterior semicircular canal ( semicircular canal )后囟( 囟门) == posterior fontanelle ( fontanelle )后面的== posterior后叶( 脑下垂体) == posterior lobe ( pituitary gland )扁平足== flat foot扁桃腺== tonsil拮抗( 对掌拇肌) == oppose ( opponens pollicis )拮抗组( 骨骼肌) == antagonistic pair ( skeletal muscle )指甲== nail指纹( 表皮山脊) == fingerprint ( epidermal ridge )指骨== phalanx / phalanges of the hand指节== knuckle括约肌== sphincter染色分体( 染色体) == chromatid ( chromosome )染色体== chromosome染色体数( 染色体) == chromosome number ( chromosome )柔毛( 毛发) == vellus hair ( hair )枯草热== hay fever柯蒂氏器( 耳蜗) == organ of Corti ( cochlea )柯霍== Doch , Robert毒素( 病原体) == toxin ( pathogen )氟== fluorine流行性感冒== influenza / flu流行性腮腺炎== mumps流行( 接触传染病) == epidemic ( contagious disease )流行病学家( 病理学) == epidemiologist ( pathology )流产== miscarriage活体组织检查== biopsy洛尔== Lower, Richard玻璃液== vitreous humour玻璃软骨== hyaline cartilage玻璃体( 玻璃液) == vitreous body ( vitreous humour )疫苗== vaccine疫苗接种( 疫苗) == vaccination ( vaccine )眉毛( 眼睑) == eyebrow ( eyelid )科罗纳== Khorana , Hai Gobind穿孔( 鼓膜) == perforated ( eardrum )突触== synapse突触小结( 突触) == synaptic knob ( synapse )突变== mutation红血球== red blood cell / erythrocyte红骨髓( 骨髓) == red marrow ( bone marrow )红绿色盲( 色盲) == red-green colour blindness ( colour blindness ) 耶尔森== Yersin , Alexandre胚胎== embryo胚胞== blastocyst胃== stomach胃小凹( 胃液) == gastric pit ( gastric juice )胃液== gastric juice胃蛋白梅( 胃液) == pepsin ( gastric juice )胃肠病学== gastroenterology胃肠道( 消化系统) == gastrointestinal tract ( digestive system )胃腺( 胃液) == gastric gland ( gastric juice )背面的( 后面的) == dorsal ( posterior )背根( 神经根) == dorsal root ( nerve root )背阔肌== latissimus dorsi胎毛( 毛发) == lanugo ( hair)胎儿== fetus胎记( 先天性缺陷) == birthmark ( birth defeet )胎盘== placenta胞饮作用== pinocytosis胞嘧啶( 盐基) == cytosine ( base )胞器== organelle致癌物质( 癌症) == carcinogen ( cancer )苯酮尿症== phenylketonuria / PKU虹膜== iris负回馈( 回馈系统) == negative feedback ( feedback system )迪奥斯科里斯== Dioscorides , Pedanius重组( 交换) == recombination (crossing over )降肌( 降肌) == depressor ( depression )降血钙素( 甲状腺) == calcitonin ( thyroid gland )降低== depression降低毒性的( 疫苗) == attenuated ( vaccine )降结肠( 结肠) == descending colon ( colon )音箱( 喉) == voice box ( larynx )音调( 听觉) == pitch ( hearing )风湿症== rheumatism飞沬传递( 传染性疾病) == droplet transmission ( infectious disease ) 食道== oesophagus食管( 食道) == gullet ( oesophagus )食糜== chyme胜胎( 胺基酸) == peptide ( amino acid )胜胎键( 胺基酸) == peptide linkage / peptide bond ( amino acid )。
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肝移植术中红细胞输注：对患者转归影响，输血预测，减少的方法
本研究的目的是量化肝移植输血需求，确定术中输球作为术后转归独立预测因素的重要性。
进一步，我们试图探索能够确定可能有红细胞输注需求的预测变量，并且确定能够减少输血需求的方法。
收集1998-2000年11月的资料。
122例肝移植患者入列。
42个患者（34%）没有输注红细胞。
在多元分析中，输注超过3个单位红细胞被发现是住院时间延长的唯一显著有关的变量。
此外，排除围术期死亡病例，红细胞输注以6个单位为截断值，是多元分析中唯一达到统计学显著差异的变量（p=0.008；risk ratio, 4.93;95% CI, 15-15.9），它可以预测生存率，其它变量包括Child分级和UNOS分级。
此外，只有术前血红蛋白水平可以显著预测红细胞输注需求。
最后，只有UNOS分级和术中门体分流能够显著预测输注超过6个单位红细胞。
我们发现即使需要中等量的血液输注也与更长的住院时间有关，超过6个单位红细胞输注与生存率下降相关。
术前正常血红蛋白水平和门体分流能减少肝移植期间血液输注量。
传统上，肝移植常与术中大量失血联系起来。
评估这些失血最简单的办法是量化输血需求。
术中输血看起来直接与患者和移植器官生存率有关。
此外血库血液资源过度消耗能产生其它外科问题。
（Moreover, excessive use of blood bank resources for transplantation procedures can compromise other surgical activities.）因此，最小化输血需求是重要的目标。
我们，以及其他研究者，在上个年代经历过血液制品逐渐下降。
这个趋势有几个原因，例如患者早期治疗，。