华西考博题目
华西口腔考博修复考题原题及答案整理
20XX年1.简述牙体缺损修复的原则●生物学原则：保护余留组织：⏹尽可能保护牙体组织：牙体预备应在符合设计要求的前提尽量减少预备量，达到下列目的：为修复体提供空间，便于修复顺利就位；利于建立正常外形，并形成良好的抗力形和固位形；防止龋坏发生和缺损的发展，利于咬合关系的协调；修复体的颈缘线与外形线应尽可能短，并且与牙体组织精密结合，以防止微渗漏和继发龋的产生；⏹保护牙髓组织：在牙体预备过程中，应该使用冷水降温；制备引导沟控制牙体预备深度，注意髓角和颈部等易穿髓部位；同时在预备完成后予以脱敏和暂时修复体保护。
⏹保护牙周组织：修复体的边缘应形成良好的边缘封闭，边缘无悬突，减小对牙龈的刺激，要求预备及取模时边缘清晰，修复体制作时形成良好的边缘密合；龈下边缘对牙周组织的刺激最大，应尽可能采用龈上或平龈边缘，但在以下情况除外：缺损达到龈下，牙冠高度不足，位于可视美学区域的修复体边缘；根据修复体种类、修复材料及美观要求选择合适的边缘类型；恢复正常的轴面形态和邻面接触；恢复正确的形态：⏹唇颊面形态：正常形态可以维持龈张力，对牙龈产生一定的生理刺激，并形成良好的自洁作用：轴面外形突度过小，会导致食物长期撞击牙龈，形成牙龈损伤；轴面外形突度过大，对牙龈无按摩作用，牙体自洁作用差，长时间会导致牙龈萎缩；⏹邻面形态：正常的接触关系，可以稳定牙位，维持牙弓形态，分散咀嚼压力，防止食物嵌塞；不同牙位触点的位置：前牙位于切缘，前磨牙位于牙合1/3，前磨牙与第一磨牙之间位于颊1/3，磨牙位于中1/3；随着年龄的增加，触点经历了由点到面的变化；邻间隙是位于龈方的外展隙，修复体在此区域应无悬突：⏹切缘和牙合面形态：形成正常牙合面形态；正中咬合、侧方咬合、前伸咬合无干扰；●生物力学原则：形成正确的固位形和抗力性固位形：适宜的聚合度：经典的要求是2°~5°，实际临床工作达不到这样的要求，前牙较为理想的是10°左右，磨牙为19°~22°；长度：预备后的基牙长度应在不影响对颌的情况下，尽可能保证足够长度；附属结构：在聚合度过大或长度不足的情况下，可以增加固位沟、箱状结构、钉洞等以增加固位；就位道：直接修复体可以形成一定倒凹，而间接修复体应避免就位道上的倒凹，并与脱位道形成一定角度，产生锁结作用，只有一条就位道能产生最大的固位作用；抗力性：预备量：足够的牙合面和轴面预备量是良好抗力性的保证，固位沟、箱状结构等附属结构也能增强抗力性功能尖斜面：缺乏功能尖斜面可能造成该处修复体过于薄弱，或外形过大，或牙体预备量过多；在上颌牙的舌尖和下颌牙的颊尖形成功能尖斜面显得尤为必要。
华西医科大学博士复试考试试题及答案
四、论述1.桡骨远端骨折的诊断，治疗进展，对手术和非手术治疗的理解。
桡骨远端骨折根据病史、临床症状、体征及X 线检查可作出诊断。
根据受伤机制可分为伸直型骨折、屈曲型骨折、关节面骨折伴腕关节脱位，伸直型骨折主要以手法复位外固定治疗为主，部分需要手术治疗，指征：1、严重粉碎骨折移位明显，桡骨下端关节面破坏2、手法复位失败，或复位成功，外固定不能维持复位。
屈曲型骨折主要采用手法复位，夹板或石膏固定。
复位手法与伸直型骨折相反，基本原则相同。
复位后若极不稳定，外固定不能维持复位者，行切开复位或内固定。
桡骨远端关节面骨折伴腕关节脱位是桡骨远端骨折的一种特殊类型临床上常漏诊或错误诊断为腕关节脱位。
只要仔细阅读X线片，诊断并不困难，治疗首先采用手法复位、夹板石膏外固定方法治疗。
复位后很不稳定者，可切开复位，钢针内固定。
2.股骨转子间骨折的髓内和髓外固定的选择。
滑动髋螺钉在术中股骨骨折、术后股骨骨折、内固定切出风险、再手术风险、随访期内残留髋部或大腿疼痛方面明显优于Gamma丁，与股骨近端髓内钉相当。
对于稳定型股骨转子间骨折，髓内和髓外固定均可获得满意的疗效。
使用动髋螺钉固定不仅整体稳定性较好，而且操作简单、低成本，并发症也更少，有学者认为动力髋螺钉是治疗稳定性转子间骨折的最好选择。
随着2 孔和 3 孔动力髋螺钉的应用，髓外固定同样可做到小切口微创置入，另外髓外固定对于不稳定转子间骨折及反转子间骨折，多数学者认为髓内系统优于髓外固定系统，应选择股骨近端髓内钉或股骨近端抗旋髓内钉等髓内固定系统进行固定。
股骨近端髓内钉和股骨近端抗旋髓内钉等髓内固定系统不仅创伤小，而且允许患者固定后早期负重，减少固定后并发症，是治疗不稳定型股骨近端骨折的理想选择。
髓内固定系统治疗转子间骨折是近年来研究热点，2004年初推出的Gamma莊第一代Gamm钉的基础上改良而成，可以根据不同的骨折类型，选择动态加压、静态加压、静态支撑，以达到最好的固定效果，适用于各型股骨转子间骨折。
四川大学华西医院口腔正畸学2013,2019年考博真题+题库
7.正畸边缘病例需要考虑哪些问题。
四川大学华西医院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔正畸学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
四川大学华西医院
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔正畸学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一共7道简答题：
1.简述你对功能合理论的理解。
2.有人说自锁托槽可以增加支抗，你怎么看。
3.详述摇椅弓的临床应用。
4.简述你对垂直向控制的理解。
5.表观遗传学是什么？生物力学刺激对表观遗传学会产生什么样的影响？
2.颜貌正面观察的内容
3.常用正畸弓丝材料的种类和特点
4.下颌中线偏斜的可能原因
5.如何控制牙移动的类型
二、论述
1.试述扩弓矫治的适应症，列举3中常用的扩弓方法及临床应用特点
2.Ⅱ类高角的早期功能矫治
3.成人正畸特殊考虑的问题
4.正畸可能带来的副作用及应对措施
2006-4-10博士出科考试
1.Pont
二、论述题
1.你认为Andrews的六个关键是正畸治疗的目标吗？请说明它在预成矫治器的设计上的意义和临床应用
2.请分别阐述不同垂直骨面型和水平骨面型的支抗要求
3.谈谈你对Ⅲ类高、低角病理的认识及治疗中的注意事项
4.临床上常用的鉴别功能性错合的方法有哪些？
2006-4-10硕士出科考试
一、简答
1.Hows分析
3.成人正畸的矫治特点（10）
四川大学华西医学院急诊医学2015--2016年考博真题
4.capillary leak syndrome
5.TAS
6.capillary refill time
7.hepatorenal syndrome
8.CPC Scale
二、简答题（共7题）
1、心肺复苏电治疗要点。
2、毒菌中毒临床表现和救治。
3、创伤致凝血功能障碍防治要点。
一、名词解释
1.Cቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱV
2.AAS
3.ROSC
4.PCAS
5.ECMO
6.SVO2
7.IIT
8.IMS
二、简答题
1.检伤分类法。
2.阿片类中毒急救。
3.创伤FAST超声检查方法。
4.社区获得性肺炎的严重程度评价方法。
5.急诊气管插管的适应症。
三、问答题
1.病例分析，胸痛的诊断及依据，治疗方案。
2.2015心肺复苏指南更新内容。
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博
历年真题试卷
四川大学华西医院
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：急诊医学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（共8个）
1.STE-ACS
2.NYAH classification heart failure
4、急诊多重耐药菌的防控和隔离措施。
三、病案分析
女，48岁，“发热2天，意识障碍半天”，查体T39.5摄氏度，心率120次/分，血压98/7？mmHg,呼吸26次/分。
还需病史资料体征，首先检查，救治措施，鉴别。
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
四川大学华西医学院外科学(骨科)骨科学2004,2013--2014,2016--2018年考博真题
2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（骨科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、20个外科总论单选（20’）
二、名词解释（全部是英文，4’*5=20’）
Bohler sign（侧方应力试验，注意不是bohler角）
Bragard sign
4、胸椎T8、T9结核，后凸畸形，椎旁脓肿，合并不全瘫，已做好术前抗结核准备，拟行胸椎前路病灶清除术+植骨融合内固定术，问术前谈话应涉及哪些方面？那几点是应向患者家属重点强调的？
5、病例题，男性患者，36岁，无明显诱因右侧膝关节的红肿、皮温高、活动障碍，白细胞值处于临界上线，X线片未见骨质破坏，抽检关节液淡黄色，问还需要询问的病史？还应进行的辅助检查？可能患的病有哪些？
⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同？请简述两者治疗方法的特点？
⒍病案分析
男性，30岁，伤后8小时入院，双下肢活动障碍，双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。X光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm，双侧骶髂关节脱位，骶骨骨折。请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
四川大学华西医院
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（骨科）
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2004年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：骨科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
Tissue engineering
Colles’ fracture
Bone-fascia compartment syndrome
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
华西口腔硕士博士考试修复试题总结(10年)
华西口腔硕士博士考试修复试题总结(10年)1、哪些措施可减少游离端义齿基牙受力2、牙体缺损和牙列缺失修复的基本原理和临床应用范围3、下颌全口义齿固位差，哪些措施可以改善4、固定义齿失败的临床表现及原因分析5、你认为我国修复应在哪些方面发展97年1、无牙颌严重吸收如何获得满意的修复效果2、金瓷冠质量不良的表现及后果3、固定桥修复如何保证基牙健康及使用寿命4、病例：男，50岁，A8B8C5-6-7缺失，D8近中倾45度，合面中龋，叩（－），探（－），牙冠短，牙槽嵴无明显吸收，下颌舌系带附着低，口底浅，余牙无伸长，提出你的治疗方案并阐明理由98年1、平衡合三因素四定律的意义及规律2、下颌单侧多数后牙游离缺失，伴失牙区牙槽嵴低平者的RPD设计3、试述非贵金属烤瓷合金与烤瓷的结合4、固定桥桥体、龈面设计、制作的注意事项5、桩冠修复铸造桩与成品桩的异同99年1、桥体设计、制作应注意的问题2、活动义齿获得稳定修复的原则3、如何获得修复效果良好的金瓷修复体4、全口义齿失牙过久伴不良咀嚼习惯，如何求得颌位记录，颌位记录不良的后果00年1、就位道的类型，如何求得合适的就位道2、作为种植体的材料必须满足的条件3、下颌半口缺失，种植体修复的设计类型4、上前牙缺失，伴前牙深覆合，可能的设计类型5、如何获得满意的金瓷修复体 02年1、名词解释（英文解释）2*5=10分abutment; articulator; impression; clasp; 支点线2、名词解释2*2=4分人工牙种植；种植润湿性3、问答86分（1）种植表面多孔性对骨组织生长的影响（11）；（3）如何获得一副固位与功能良的可摘局部义齿，设计应注意什么（15）；（5）全瓷全冠的特点、适应症、备牙要求（15）；（7）无牙颌印模对于全口义齿固位与稳定有何影响，如何获得理想的无牙颌印模（20）；临床实验室（9）如何正确的修复牙体缺损的牙冠形态（10）；（11）金瓷固定桥由于设计和制作不当,可能会产生什么问题（15）04年问答题：1、全口义齿的固位原理和影响因素。
四川大学华西口腔正畸考博试地的题目地的题目库
一.硕士及本科1999年简答题： 1Wylie分析法测量项目。
2Tweed三角意义，拔牙计划制定。
3正颌术前正畸目的。
4牙根吸收的原因、预防。
问答题： 1M/F比率控制牙移动的类型？2前牙支抗增加的方法？3生长型评估、临床中生长型的意义？1998年简答题： 1托槽粘结时近远中位置及角度有何意义？2成人正畸特点？3软组织侧貌，H线、S线、E线、H角、Z角的定点？4矫治力强度与牙移动速度的关系？问答题： 1试述牙颌畸形引起TMD的病因？2试述正畸治疗中怎样防止继发龋和牙周病？3什么叫术前去代偿？术前正畸治疗达到的目标和要求，举例说明。
2004年考研复试1.面部不对称的病因及鉴别诊断（10）2.与牙齿、颌骨发育有关的综合征？（10）3.成人正畸的矫治特点（10）4阻生尖牙可能的处理方式（5）5错合的遗传证据？遗传因素经何种途径产生畸形？（15）6SNA、SNB、ANB、SN－MP在错合诊治中的作用（20）7英文题（不详）8名词解释：正常合复发差动力支抗功能矫形治疗面部生长型控根外展弯箭头卡环过度矫治颏兜（10）2003年考研复试1.正常合的六个关键（10）2.怎样判断生长发育状况（10）3.替牙期不良习惯与错合畸形的关系4.Orthodontics－state of art，essence of science谈谈你对这句话的体会（25）Science生理的基础上牙移动，不能过分唇倾或舌倾代偿，不能过分扩大牙弓，应尽量让牙在牙槽骨中处于正常位置。
对于青春生长发育期可进行功能矫形，而成人则不可，避免出现双重咬合等。
对于错颌畸形的矫治还应该考虑病人的关节问题，避免矫治结束后咬合关系改正却出现关节问题。
对错颌畸形的矫治还应该预测其预后，顺应其生长发育及神经肌肉咀嚼系统的平衡。
Art颜面美观，平衡，协调5.骨性错合的矫治时机、方法和效果（25）2000年考研1试述牙阻力中心、旋转中心和牙移动类型的关系（10）Z212试述颌骨的生长旋转（10）3正畸治疗拔牙应考虑的因素（10）4安氏二类一（二？）分类错合的形态特征、治疗方法及治疗效果（10）二. 华西近年考博正畸试题2001年问答题：1不同组织的生长曲线图。
四川大学华西医学院肿瘤学2012--2018年考博真题
一、选择题：很简单，都是基本常识，1.5分一个共20个 二、简答题 每题5分 1. 肿瘤多步骤转移机制 2. 肿瘤亚临床病灶的定义及意义 用临床物理检查方法所不能发现的肿瘤病灶。可位于肿瘤主体的四周，也可 位于远离肿瘤的某处。临床上无任何表现，也不易被发现。治疗应尽量与原 发肿瘤同时进行。若采用放射治疗或化学治疗，它们的用量一般比临床病灶 要低。临床对这部分病灶治疗的忽略、不足或无力，常是肿瘤治疗失败的原 因。 3. 肿瘤溶解综合征 4. Driver gene的定义及其临床意义 5. PD-1/PD-L1的含义及其临床意义 PD1主要在激活的T细胞和B细胞中表达，功能是抑制细胞的激活，这是免疫系 统的一种正常的自稳机制，因为过度的T/B细胞激活会引起自身免疫病，所以 PD1是我们人体的一道护身符。但是，肿瘤微环境会诱导浸润的T细胞高表达PD -1分子，肿瘤细胞会高表达PD-1的配体PD-L1和PDL2，导致肿瘤微环境中PD1通路持续激活，T细胞功能被抑制，无法杀伤肿瘤细胞。PD1的抗体可以阻断这一通路，部分恢复T细胞的功能，使这些细胞能够继续杀 伤肿瘤细胞。 PD-L1在多种肿瘤细胞中均有上调表达，它与 T细胞上的PD-1结合，抑制 T细胞增殖和活化，使T细胞处于失活状态，最终诱导免疫逃逸。两种抑制剂 均可阻断PD-1和PD-L1的结合，上调T细胞的生长和增殖，增强 T细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别，激活其攻击和杀伤功能，通过调动人体自身的免疫 功能实现抗肿瘤作用。 6.食管癌的症状？哪些症状预示着食管穿孔 早期 症状常不明显，但在吞咽粗硬食物时可能有不同程度的不适感觉，包括咽下 食物梗噎感，胸骨后烧灼样、针刺样或牵拉摩擦样疼痛。食物通过缓慢，并
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四川大学医学生物综合2019年考博真题试卷
2、现在常用高通量测序，对转录组测序了解多少，试述。
3、试述至少三种与影响基因表达相关的技术原理。
4、将重组好的DNA载体导入受体细胞的手段有哪些，试述至少三种，原理及优缺点。
5、蛋白质临近标记与免疫共沉淀相比，原理及优缺点。
6、导师给你一个DNA片段，你设计一个载体能将此片段导入到人体内表达。画出载体图，并标出每一个部分并详细描述。
医学考博真题试卷
攻
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研
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四川大学华西医院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：医学生物综合（含医学细胞生物学和医学生物学）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、论述题（共8题，100分）
1、将目的DNA连接到载体的手段有哪些，试述至少三种。
四川大学华西医学院眼科学2017年考博真题考博试卷
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攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
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四川大学华医院
2017 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：眼科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释 1、 新生儿视网膜病变 2、 眶尖综合征 3、 Bruch 膜 4、 Ratio to AC/A 5、 青睫综合征 6、 Foster-Kennedy 综合征 7、 脉络膜上腔
四川大学华西医学院耳鼻喉外科2017--2019年考博真题
1.梅尼埃病指南2017的诊断要点。
2.儿童分泌性中耳炎的病因、诊断、和治疗。
3.变应性鼻炎指南2015的治疗要点。
4.喉癌的分区分期、治疗原则。
四川大学华西医院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉外科
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释和问答题（共8题，在一起，5×8分）
1.Dandy综合征
2.LPR OSAHS
3.听神经病
4.婴幼儿听力筛查与康复原则
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉外科
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（4分*10个）
1.Frays综合症
2.上颌窦癌On…法
3.OSAHS
4.LPR
5. BPPV
6.面隐窝
7.咽淋巴环
பைடு நூலகம்8.听神经病
9.NBI技术
10.corti器
一、名词解释(4*10分)
1.LVAS
2.前庭性偏头痛
3.Haller气房
4.阿司匹林耐受不良三联征
5.OSAHS
6.声带沟
7.BAHA
8.颈部分区
9.BPPV
10.面隐窝
二、简答题(6*7分)
1.声带的分层结构
华西03考博英语试题
华西03考博英语试题English Examination Paper (For Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates) Dec.2003PartⅠ. Listening Comprehension (10%) (Omitted)PartⅡ. V ocabulary and Structures(10%)16. Those who ___ the weather as a conventional opening seem to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk.A) dispose B)dispatch C)dismiss D)despise17. Man beings life with a cry and ends it in stillness; in the___ he does all he can to make a noise in the world.A) intervention B) interval C) eclipse D) elapse18. Cowboy artists____ a romantic vision of the Old West witha historically accurate depiction of that way of life.A) provide B)offer C)blend D)associate19. As the moist sea air travels inland toward the mountains, ___ occurs.A) prevalence B) precipice C)precipitation D)downpour20 .If fish were to become curious about the world, it would never ____ to them to begin by investigating water.A) come B)refer C)get D)occur21. Maturation refers to the ___ of the infant’s biological potential.A) undoing B) unclosing C)unfolding D)unsealing22. Subordinating individual tastes to harmony of the group is ___ to the Western citizens.A) reflective B) repellent C) redefining D) recoverable23. A dollar bill is a subjective and unstable token of purchasing power, and not at all ___ with the things it can buy.A) sympathetic B) identical C) unified D)universal24. The dynamics of the two-party system has been very unhelpful in the search for positions on the middle ground.A) feasible B) liable C) viable D) navigable25. The casual gang delinquent is less ___ to the gang. His association with the gang is loose.A) compelled B) committed C) compromised D)compliedPart Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (25%)PassageⅠ Questions 36-40For hundreds of years, farmers have selected and bred plants and animals to favor,or bring out, characteristics they desired. For example, cows that produced large amounts of milk were selected for breeding, while poor milk producers were not allowed to reproduce. In like manner, horses were bred for speed and strength. Those having these desired characteristics were selected for breeding. Over time, these preferred breeds became more common than earlier,less desired types.This selective breeding is called artificial selection.In this passage, Camp and Arms explain how this same process occurs naturally.The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in a joint presentation of the views of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Waliace before the Linnaean Society of London in 1858. Darwin and Wallace were not the first to suggest that evolution occurred; but their name are linked with the idea of evolution because they proposed the theory of natural selection as the mechanism by which evolution occurs. We are always more likely to believe in a process when people explain how it happens than if they merely assert that it dose.The theory of evolution by means of natural selection is based on three observations. First, as we can see by comparingone cat or human being with another, the members of species differ from one another, that is, there is variation among individuals of the same species. Second, some (though not all) of the differences between individuals are inherited. (Other differences are not inherited. But are caused by different environment. For instance, two plants with identical genes may grow to different sizes if one of them is planted in poor soil,) third, more organisms are born than live to grow up and reproduce: many organisms die as embryos or seeds, as samplings, nestlings, or larvae.Inherited characteristics that improve an organism’s chances of living and reproducing will be more common in the next generation and those that decrease its chances of reproducing will be less common. Various genes or combinations of genes will be naturally selected for or against, from one generation to the next, depending on how they affect reproductive potential.For natural selection to cause a change in a population from one generation to the next(that is, to cause evolution), it is not necessary that all genes affect survival and reproduction; the same result occurs if just some genes makes an individual more likely to grow up and reproduce.36. The main difference between natural and artificial selection is that human beings ________.A. control the direction of artificial selectionB. control the direction of natural selectionC. make new genes in artificial selectionD. make new genes in natural selection37. Which of the following is not an example of artificial selection?A. The selection by a farmer of the best milk-producing cows for breeding.B. A breeder’s allowing only the fastest horses to reproduceC. The selection for reproduction of the best egg-laying chickens by the farmerD. An increase in the number of giraffes with long necks because of a decline in the number of low-lying plants used for feeding38. Which statement is false?A. Members of species differ from one anotherB. differences between individuals are inheritedC. Two organisms with identical genes may grow to different sizesD. More organisms are born than live to reproduce39. What do people most probably believe in about a process?A. Its definitionB. Its explanationC. Its examplesD. Its main differences40. In the new generation, inherited characteristics that decrease its chances of reproducing will be _____.A. more commonB. necessaryC. less commonD. less necessaryPassage 2 Questions 41-45Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. There are many reasons for this, some obvious, someperhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself.I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that this is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from the question of the time given to pronunciation, there are too other requirements for the teacher, the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some ideas of the mechanism of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on h is students’ pronunciation areunlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.But it dose not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique.Now the first and most important part of a language te acher’s technique is his own performance, his ability to demonstrate the spoken language in every detail of articulation as well as influent speaking, so that the student’s latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself. And to supplement his own pronounce, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings and radio, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself, or speaks just like one, then to vary the method of presenting the language material.However, the process of demonstrating pronunciation, whether by personal example or by mechanical means, is only the beginning of teaching pronunciation. The technique of teaching the individual sounds also needs to be considered.41. What dose the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign language?A Only a few people are really proficient.B No one is really in the skill.C There aren’t many people who are even fairly good.D There are even some people who are moderately proficient.42.The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, he suggests, is by___.A picking it up naturally as a child.B learning from a native speakerC not concentrating on pronunciation as suchD undertaking systematic work43.The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon___.A how closely he attends to the matterB whether it is English that is being taughtC his teacher’s approach to pronunciationD the importance normally given to grammar and spelling44.What is the main point the auther makes about imitation of the teacher?A It is a matter of secondary importanceB Students should be given every opportunity for itC It depends on the student’s abilityD Teachers are perfect models for students to imitate45.Demonstrating pronunciation is to be regarded asA an initial processB an exercise of value in itselfC an example of the use mechanical aidsD a technique for teaching separate soundsPassage 3 Questions 46-50Insects have inhabited the earth for well over 300 million years, and dutnny that time they have evolved onto an almost unbehavable vartety of .. The astronomical numbers involved in ant discussion of the insect world are difficult for the imagination to grasp. There are probably more than a million different species of them,compared with a mere 20,000 species of all other animals, and according to the best estimates roughly 1018 individual insects are living at any given time.Most insects are completely harmless to man, and many aredirectly beneficial. Only about one-tenth of one percent of the insect world consists of species, harmful to man, but throughout human history these have a persistent threat. Many infectious diseases are transmitted to man by i nsects. Perhaps even more important insects are man’s principal competitors(indeed his only serious competitors) for food. Nearly 40 percent of the world’s food crops is destroyed by inse cts each year.The battle against harmful insects has been fought for thousands of years, but man has never gained more than a transitory advantage. Whenever man has concentrated on significant numbers and practiced any form of agriculture, the insect populations are on record from as far back as 1,000B.C.. An uneasy balance has occasionally been achieved, in which a certain percentage of each crop has been abandoned to the insects in hopes that the remaining yield would be sufficient for human needs. Whenever various circumstances, including man’s own mismanagement of th e environment, have upset this balance and allowed the insect population to explode, the result has been a graphic demonstration of man’s inability to attain mastery over insects.The methods employed to control the growth of undesirable insects can be classified as biological, chemical, cultural, reproductive, mechanical and physical control.None of the above types of control, used by itself, has ever proved to be more than a tempory solution to the insect problem, but an integrated approach utilizing combination of these methods can keep insect population down to point when farming remains ecnonmcal. No method, however, offers any hope that unwanted insects will ever be eliminated altogether.46. According to the passage, there are probably morethan___ different species of insects.A.1,018B.20,000C. a millionD. 300 million47. Which of the following is not true?A. Most insects are beneficial, but some are completely harmful to man.B. Insects transmit many infectious disease to man.C. A large percentage of food crops is destroyed by insects each year.D. Insects have evolved very quickly during the last 300 million years.48. The word “transitory”(Line 2, para.3) in the passage means____.A. eternalB. temporaryC. greatD. distinctive49. According to the passage, we can achieve occasional balance _____.A. if we live up practicing any form of agricultureB. if we give up a certain percentage of each crop to the insects.C. if we make great efforts to reduce insect populations like what we did in 1,000 B.CD. if we allow the insect population to explode50. According to the fifth paragraph, ______A. we have no methods to control insectsB. we can eliminate the unwanted insects altogetherC. we can keep insect populations down by using the combinations of the methodsD. we have no hope of controlling the unwanted insects at allPassage 4. Questions 51-55Thirty years ago the Today progrom was unpredictable to the point of chaos with presenter Jack da Manio improvising and adlibbing and thinking aloud, always eager for a joke or a prank. Through the studio trooped a procession of English eccentrics- a man who ate light bulbs, another who ate spiders, a chap who was touring the country leapfrogging all the pillar boxes, a hard-headed individual who could play rule Britannia by hitting himself on the head with a nine-inch spanner—and many another. Talking dogs and singing cats were almost common place.By the mid-70s, however, Today had got to the point where, for example, it had an one morning Libby Purves making the first “live” radio broadcast from China, someone else in Dublin covering the pope’s visit, another presenter in Margate where the Laberals were conferring, and an anchorman in London.When you have reached this stage, there is no room for talking dogs, and humour and whimsy have to be confined to odd comers.Despite its more serious approach, however, T oday has somehow retained its character and its tone of voice. And being a live, high-risk program, it can still go homhly wrong. Only recently an eminent doctor launched into a lengthy on-air harangue against the production team and refused to listen to the questions he was supposed to be answering. Such thing can always happen- and so can studio rows, sometimes even involving the presenters. There was a memorable spat not long ago when a rattled Nigel Lawson accused Redhead of being awell-known supporter of the Labour party.But rows or no rows, Today is where the ministers and would-be ministers want to be heard. As Brian Redhead is fond of saying: “if you want to plant a ward in the nation’s ear, come on today.” His other favorite remark is: We set the agenda for the day.” Both statements ar e true of a progrom with a steady weekly audience of 6 million—easily the largest on Radio 4.51.Which is the following refers to the “pillar box”(Paragraph)?A. A small postbox that is fastened on the wall.B. A round postbox that found in the post office.C. A squire postbox that is set into the wall.D. A tube-shaped type of postbox that stands in the street.52. Before the 1970s, the T oday program used to be quite a ____A. serious programB. humorous programC. religious programD. political program53.According to the passage, the Today program is _____A. extremely influentialB. becoming less popularC. fairly timidD. politically biased54.Which of the following examples is given to show the program sometimes dose not go according to plan?A. Libby Purves had an argument with Nigel Lawson.B. Someone hit himself on the head in the streetC. Someone leapfrogged pillar boxes in the streetD. A doctor declined to answer the set questions55. By saying “We set the agenda for the day”, Brain Redhead means ____A. we have plants every dayB. we have all kinds of programsC. we know what happens every dayD. we can be heard every dayPassage 5. Questions 56-60The social sciences are less likely than other intellectual enterprises to get credit for their accomplishments. Arguably, this is so because the theories and conceptual constructs of the social scientists are especially accessible: human intelligence apprehends truths about human affairs with particular facility. And the discoveries of the social sciences, once isolated and labeled are quickly absorbed into conventional wisdom, whereupon they lose their distinctiveness as scientific advances.This underappreciation of the social sciences contrasts oddly with what many see as their overutilization Game theory is pressed into service in studies of shifting international alliance. Evaluation research is called upon to demonstrate successes or failures of social programs. Models from economies and demography become the definitive tools for examining the financial base of social security. Yet this rush into practical applications is itself quite understandable; public policy must continually be made and policy makers rightly feel that even tentative findings and untested theories are better guides to decision-making than no findings and no theories at all.56. The social sciences are less likely to get credit because the theories and discoveries are likely to meet with ___A. underappreciationB.overutilizationC. distinctivenessD. practical application57. The author is primarily concerned with____A. advocating a more modest view, and less wide-spread utilization, of the social sciencesB. analyzing the mechanisms for translating discoveries into applications in the social scienceC. dissolving the air of paradox inherent in human beings studying themselvesD. explaining a peculiar dilemma that the social sciences are in58. Which is the following is a social science discipline that the author mentions as being possibly overutilized?A. conventional theories of social changeB.Game theoryC. decision-making theoryD.Systems analysis59. It can be inferred from the passage that,when speaking of the “overutilization” of the social sciences, the author is referring to the ____A. premature practical application of social science advancesB. habitual reliance on the social science even where common sense would serve equally wellC. use of social science constructs by people who do not fully understand themD. tendency on the part of social scientists to recast everyday truths in social science jargon60.The author confronts the claim that the social sciences are being overutilized with ____A. evidence that some public policy is made without anyrecourse to social science findings of theoriesB. a long list of social science application that are perfectly appropriate and extremely fruitfulC. proof that over extensions of social science results are self-correctingD. the observation that this practice represents the lesser of two evils under existing circumstancesPart ⅣTranslation(40%,40 minutes)Section A: (20%, 20 minutes)In contrast to symbiotic union, mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality. Love is an active power in man, a power which breaks through the walls which separate man from his fellow man, which unites him with others; which makes him overcome the sense of isolation and separateness, yet it permits him to be himself. In love the paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two.It is hardly necessary to stress the fact that the ability to love as an act of giving depends on the character development of the person. It presupposes the attainment of a predominantly productive orientation; in this orientation the person has overcome dependency, narcissistic omnipotence, the wish to exploit others, or to heard, and has acquired faith in his own human powers, courage to rely on his powers in the attainment of his goals. To the degree that these qualities are lacking, he is afraid of giving himself—hence of loving.Section B: (20%,20 minutes)不断提高工人、农民、知识分子和其他劳动群众以及全体人民的思想道德素质和科学问化素质，不断提高他们的劳动技能和创造才能，充分发挥他们的积极性主动性创造性，是我们必须履行的第一要务。
四川大学华西医学院神经病学2012--2019年考博真题
3.MREEF
4.丛集性头疼
5.脊髓半切综合症
6.
二、简答题（每题8分）
1.帕金森病治疗的常用药物及用药原则
2.脑脊液对中枢性感染的诊断意义
3.AD的诊断标准
4.视神经脊髓炎的诊断及治疗
5.动眼神经危相的治疗
三、论述题（每题15分）
1.抗癫痫药物的分类及用药原则。
2.青年卒中的危险因素，如何检查及处理。
三、论述2个1个15分
1、试述癫痫和癫痫综合征的分类。
2、试述心源性与非心源性缺血性卒中的二级预防现状。
四川大学华西医院
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经病学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（全英文6题，每题5分）
1.cross hemiplegia
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神经内科学（神经病学）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释(全是英文)6分一题*5
克雅病
紧张性头痛
自动症
淀粉样变性
脑淀粉样血管病
线粒体肌炎脑病
二、简答题8分*5
1.髓内病变、髓外病变的鉴别
2.失神发作和复杂部分发作的鉴别
一、名词解释
1、hornor综合征
2、NMO
3、朊蛋白病
4、难治性癫痫
5、Meige征
二、问答题
1、癫痫持续状态的定义及治疗
2、帕金森的诊断，鉴别诊断和治疗
4.格林巴利综合症的类型及特点。
5.神经变性性痴呆有哪几种及其特点。
1995-2018华西博士考试局部解
2018年解剖学试题一、名词解释（12选10）1.心包斜窦2.尿生殖膈3.椎动脉三角4.胃后动脉5.踝管6.骨纤维孔7.前庭小脑8.Trigone of biadder9.Triangle ducts arteriosus 10.Projection fibers teroconal fascia Humeromuscular hummel 12.肱骨肌管二、问答题1.侧脑室的结构、位置及毗邻。
2.尿道骑跨伤解释尿外渗的解剖原因。
3.肛门括约肌的结构、神经支配及临床意义。
4.内侧丘系的形成、行程、毗邻和损伤后症状。
5.颈部外侧深淋巴结位置、走行及注群。
6.心脏的神经支配。
7.手掌层次结构。
8.描述胸骨平面10个解剖结构。
9.髋关节囊的组成、韧带和血供。
10.硬膜外麻醉穿刺的进针点和层次。
11.肝段划分的范围、第一肝段毗邻。
12.胰头的血供和毗邻。
2017年解剖学试题一、名词解释（12选6）1.third porta hepatis2.Hypogastric nerve3.坐骨肛门窝前隐窝4.枕下三角5.Adductor hiayus6.封套筋膜7.头皮8.Retzius veins9.Cavernous sinus 10.动脉导管三角11.肱骨肌管12.Medial lemniscus二、问答题1.简述上纵膈的主要器官和分层排列情况。
2.简述腰神经通道的解剖学特点。
3.紧贴上下肢骨面行走的神经有哪些？损伤后有何表现？4.简述腋淋巴结的分群、位置和引流范围。
5.由腹膜所形成的脾韧带有哪些？韧带间有哪些结构通过？6.十二指肠的走行、分布、第三段毗邻关系。
7.肾旁前间隙的周界、内容和临床意义。
8.在正常前倾屈位下子宫各部的毗邻。
9.直肠的结构特点和血供。
10.腹壁浅筋膜性层附着及该积血区的通连（有图）。
11.内囊结构、通行结构（上下行投射纤维及名称）、血供及损伤后的临床表现。
12.描述颈部血供情况（颈内、外总动脉的位置、走行及分支情况，重点描述颈外动脉及动脉分支及甲状腺血供）。
四川大学华西医学院考博试题
考博详解与指导局部解剖学：一、名词解释：颈动脉窦，肺根，面部危险三角区，膀胱直肠陷凹，胆囊三角，(还有一个想不起了)二、问答题：(9选7)1.临床作气管切开的位置，经过的层次，切开过深可损伤的器官，过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影(至少10个)5.子宫的位置，及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7.腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置病理真题1，名词解释：肉芽组织，老化，autopsy,瘘管，转移钙化，紫癜，类白血病反应，肺褐色硬化，纤维素样坏死2，选择题：老样子很简单3，简答体：肿瘤增生和非肿瘤增生的区别。
病案讨论：冠心病及其合并症有关的。
为什么说淤血总是病理性的?说出3种胃肠道的肉芽肿性炎。
说出3种病理诊断方法及其特点。
肿瘤的TNM分期，举例1个第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
四川大学华西医学院肿瘤学2018年考博真题考博试卷
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
四川大学பைடு நூலகம்西医学院
2018 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
第1页 共1页
考试科目：肿瘤学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 1.肿瘤异型性 2. 原癌基因 3.新辅助化疗 4.CTC 5.EMT 二、5 个判断 5 个选择较简单 三、简答题 1.肺癌驱动基因及靶向药 2.免疫检测点抑制剂类型 3.乳腺癌内分泌治疗指针和治疗原则 4.鼻咽癌临床表现 四、论述题 1.病毒和肿瘤及病毒疫苗
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华西口腔考博真题 2008组织病理名词解释：sclerotic dentin (6分) oralpharyngeal membrane (6分)branchial cleft cyst (8分)问答：简述牙乳头在牙发育中的重要作用（18分）描述活动期牙周炎光镜下病理表现（18分）基底膜区的构成和结构？良性黏膜类天疱疮的发病机理？（22分）从临床表现、病理特征、生物学行为等方面对成釉细胞瘤和牙源性腺样瘤进行比较？（22分）华西口腔考博真题 2007组织病理名词解释：舍格伦综合症，舌淀粉样变，护骨因子OPG问答：牙釉质中有机物含量多的组织结构及其形成机理；成熟牙釉质的有机成分及其功能；牙本质及牙髓的增龄性变化及临床意义；三种口腔粘膜大疱类疾病的临床表现病理特点和鉴别诊断华西口腔考博真题2006 组织病理名词解释：继发性牙本质，缩余釉上皮，静止龋，巨细胞龈瘤问答：癌前病变和癌前状态，举三例描述临床病理特征及其研究进展；口腔癌分哪几种病理类型，预后最差的是哪种，应与何种鉴别；早期龋中各种研究方法的应用；成釉器三期特征，牙发育中重要调控因子和基因家族华西口腔考博真题2005组织病理名词解释：限制板，sharpey fiber，retinioc acid sydrom，肿瘤分化问答：牙槽骨的结构及生物学特点，临床意义；囊性成釉细胞瘤的类型，病理表现及鉴别诊断；列举你所知道的口腔黏膜病损。
具有基底细胞液化变性的病的病理；低度恶性的上皮的涎腺肿瘤列举3种并鉴别，组化和免疫组化在鉴别诊断中的应用华西2004口腔考博病理试题名词解释 1 pulp polyp 2 melkersson-rosenthal syndrome (还有几个比较简单)牙本质中的有机成分及可能的功能（20分）牙周组织的功能（10分）牙周炎中炎症介质及细胞因子的作用机理（20）具有恶性肿瘤生物学特点的牙源性良性肿瘤有哪些？请举三例并说出病理特征。
（25）华西07年修复考博题1、全口固位差的原因和解决办法2、如何保护固定桥的基牙3、活动可摘局部义齿的种类和特点4、患者前牙缺失，深覆合如何修复华西06年口腔修复考博题1.请具体阐述增加RPD固位力的方法和处理措施（20）2，全口义齿疼痛的原因及具体的处理方法（20）3，在临床上，如何把握固定桥的适应症？（20）4，口腔种植材料性能（15） )5，1980年后的全瓷嵌体从工艺上可以分为哪几类？各有什么特点？铝箔金瓷嵌体临床应用逐渐减少，其主要原因是什么？（25）华西02年修复考博题1. 名词解释（英文解释）2*5=10分abutment; articulator; impression; clasp; 支点线2. 名词解释 2*2=4分人工牙种植；种植润湿性3. 问答 86分（1）种植表面多孔性对骨组织生长的影响（11）；（3）如何获得一副固位与功能良的可摘局部义齿，设计应注意什么（15）；（5）全瓷全冠的特点、适应症、备牙要求（15）；（7）无牙颌印模对于全口义齿固位与稳定有何影响，如何获得理想的无牙颌印模（20）；（9）如何正确的修复牙体缺损的牙冠形态（10）；（11）金瓷固定桥由于设计和制作不当,可能会产生什么问题（15）华西00年口腔修复考博题1．就位道的类型，如何求得合适的就位道2．作为种植体的材料必须满足的条件3．下颌半口缺失，种植体修复的设计类型4 ．上前牙缺失，伴前牙深覆合，可能的设计类型5．如何获得满意的金瓷修复体华西99年口腔修复考博题1．桥体设计、制作应注意的问题2．活动义齿获得稳定修复的原则3．如何获得修复效果良好的金瓷修复体4．全口义齿失牙过久伴不良咀嚼习惯，如何求得颌位记录，颌位记录不良的后果华西98年口腔修复考博题1．平衡合三因素四定律的意义及规律2．下颌单侧多数后牙游离缺失，伴失牙区牙槽嵴低平者的rpd设计3．试述非贵金属烤瓷合金与烤瓷的结合4．固定桥桥体、龈面设计、制作的注意事项5．桩冠修复铸造桩与成品桩的异同华西97年口腔修复考博题1．无牙颌严重吸收如何获得满意的修复效果2．金瓷冠质量不良的表现及后果3．固定桥修复如何保证基牙健康及使用寿命4．病例：男，50岁，a8b8c5- 6-7缺失，d8 近中倾45度，合面中龋，叩（－），探（－），牙冠短，牙槽嵴无明显吸收，下颌舌系带附着低，口底浅，余牙无伸长，提出你的治疗方案并阐明理由华西96年口腔修复考博题1．哪些措施可减少游离端义齿基牙受力2．牙体缺损和牙列缺失修复的基本原理和临床应用范围3．下颌全口义齿固位差，哪些措施可以改善4．固定义齿失败的临床表现及原因分析5．你认为我国修复应在哪些方面发展四川大学医学部2004年博士入学考试口腔内科试题一、名词解释 1.牙髓牙本质复合体 2.根尖基点 3.牙龈素 4.副肿瘤性天疱疮 5.显著性龋均指数二、问答 1.牙菌斑是如何致龋的 2.根管治疗的进展 3.控制牙菌斑对牙周炎治疗的意义及控制方法 4.复发性口疮为什么可以用免疫抑制剂，也可以用免疫增强剂，举例说明 5.根据自己的知识讲述中国口腔疾病的现状，并提出防治策略及方法责任编辑：姚红祥四川大学华西医学部1999年口腔组织病理学（硕士）一、名词解释1、朗格罕细胞2、髓周牙本质3、釉珠4、凋亡5、albright综合征6、黏液囊肿二、填空1、白塞氏病除口腔溃疡外，还表现有——和——的病变。
2、舌部毛状白斑的发生与——疾病的发生密切相关。
3、牙内陷包括——，——和——三种类型。
4、肌上皮瘤在组织学上可以分为——和——两型。
5、发育中，形成腭部的突起为——和——。
三、问答题1、菌斑的形成、结构及致龋过程。
2、试比较牙本质、牙釉质、固有牙槽骨在发育形成中的异同3、试述上皮异常增生、原位癌与鳞癌的特点及相关关系。
4、从形成、组织病理学特征及生物学行为3方面比较根尖囊肿与牙源性角化囊肿。
四川大学华西医学部2000年口腔组织病理学（硕士）一、名词解释1、网状变性2、肌上皮细胞3、菌斑4、（髁突）增殖带5、未分化间充质细胞二、填空1、牙龈固有层中的胶原纤维束可分为：环行组、牙骨膜组与——、——和——。
2、举出三种类型的牙源型囊肿：——、——和——。
3、举出三种可发生于口腔颌面部的肉芽肿型病变——、——和——。
4、多形性腺瘤的病理组织像具有——特征。
5、除四环素牙外，牙齿结构异常还可见于——、——、——和——等疾病。
6、牙髓变性可表现为——、——和——等情况。
7、牙本质龋在镜下可分为五层，无细菌侵入的为——、——和——。
三、试比较牙髓和牙周膜中神经结构与功能的异同。
四、试述釉质的表面结构及其在龋病发生中的意义。
五、试述上皮与间充质间的相互作用在牙齿发生、发育中的表现与意义。
六、比较成釉细胞瘤与成釉细胞纤维瘤的组织病理学特征及其发生学基础。
七、结合病理学与临床表现，试述牙周炎的发展过程。
四川大学华西医学部2001年口腔组织病理学（硕士）一、名词解释1、棘层松解2、carcinoma in situ3、缩余釉上皮4、牙本质桥5、牙本质发育不全症6、联合突7、透明牙本质二、试述涎腺腺样囊性癌的临床及病理学特点、生物学行为。
三、试述根尖肉芽肿与根尖囊肿的发生及相互间的关系。
四、试述釉质基质有机成分的结构和功能及其生物学意义。
五、一位18岁的正常腮腺和65岁的腮腺在结构和功能上有何异同。
六、试述牙囊细胞的来源及在牙体牙周组织发育中的作用。
四川大学华西医学部2002年口腔组织病理学（硕士）一、名词解释1、非釉原蛋白2、oxytalan纤维（弹性纤维）3、限制板4、口腔粘膜5、腮腺囊6、神经嵴7、被动萌出8、错角化9、囊肿10、上皮异常增生二、简答题1、B1颈部牙周组织矢状切面，由唇向舌侧依次可有那些组织结构。
2、何谓牙周炎？菌斑在牙周炎发生的意义。
3、艾滋病有那些口腔表现（病名）4、何谓白斑？试述白斑的病理学诊断依据5、上皮隔在牙根发育中的作用。
三、论述题1、例举一牙源性上皮伴有牙硬组织形成的肿瘤，并试述其病理学变化及生物学特征2、试述口腔鳞状细胞癌的病理学的改变及其分级方法和意义四川大学华西医学部2003年口腔组织病理学（硕士）一、试写出英文并解释1、牙龈瘤2、上皮异常增生3、糜烂4、溃疡5、不典型增生6、菌斑二、论述题1、根端囊肿为粘液囊肿的临床、病理、预后、起源的异同点。
2、多形性腺瘤的病理、肉眼所见、生物学行为？3、牙胚发育的分期与牙体形成的关系4、牙周组织与牙体的附着（图示＋文字说明）5、试述结合上皮生理位置和炎症时的病理改变6、白斑与扁平苔癣的病理改变7、修复性牙本质形成的生物学意义8、试述牙体组织的增龄变化9、用胚胎学原理分析牙源性肿瘤的发生10、牙髓牙体复合体从临床、病理、组织发育角度论述他们的关系11、拔牙术后的愈合过程12、腮腺混合瘤的组织发生（两个学说）四川大学医学部2003年口腔组织病理学（硕士）一、问答题：1. 慢性牙周炎时牙槽骨的改变及其机理2. 牙本质龋的分层结构及其临床意义3. 口腔白色病损，举3例以上并行鉴别诊断4. 试阐述评价肿瘤细胞增殖程度的病理学方法及其意义二、填空题：1. 慢性增生性牙髓炎的好发部位----------，其条件是------------、--------------。
2. 唾液腺中具有内分泌功能的导管---------，其分泌的--------可以促进骨和牙本质的形成和矿化。
3. 易复发的牙源性肿瘤------------、-----------------、---------------。
4. 非炎症性的牙龈增生是-------------、------------。
5. 慢性牙周病时产生细胞因子的细胞有----------、------------、----------。
四川大学华西医学部2003年口腔外科修复（硕士）口外1、上颌窦癌的临床表现2、现代正颌外科的概念及主要步骤3、唇腭裂序列治疗的概念及内容4、口腔颌面部创伤引起窒息的常见原因修复1、简述固定义齿的基本原则及扩大适应症的方法2、K I类的设计原则3、全口义齿固位不良的表现及原因2005年华西医科大学口腔考研试题名词解释:1、制锁作用2、联合卡环3、中立区4、适合性5、临床牙冠6、点隙7、长正中8、磨损9、尖牙保护合问答题：1、成釉细胞瘤的临床表现及治疗原则2、唇裂的旋转推进瓣修复整形的优缺点3、骨折的治疗原则4、唾液在龋病中的作用5、牙周基础治疗的原因及步骤6、 RAU的病因及治疗的四种用药7、氟的防龋机制8、牙髓活力测试的方法及误差的原因9、固定桥备牙的特点10、全口义齿的固位机制11、 RPD转动原因及消除方法12、下颌闭口反射的特点13、简述建合的动态平衡一、无牙颌的解剖标志有哪些?其各自生理特点和修复意义是什么?答：一、牙槽嵴是天然牙列赖以存在的基础。