2009年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学(美国社会文化方向)考研真题【圣才出品】

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2007年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学(英语教育方向)考研真题【深层次【圣才出品】

2007年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学（英语教育方向）考研真题I. Choose the one answer that best answers the question orcompletes/explains the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)1. ______ is a voiced bilabial stop.A. [p]B. [b]C. [t]D. [d]2. The number of morphemes in the word uninterrupted is ______.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five3. Politician and statesman differ in ______.A. denotative meaningB. social meaningC. affective meaningD. reflected meaning4. “I hereby declare the starting of the war!” The sentence displays the ______ function of language.A. informativeB. interpersonalC. performativeD. emotive5. “After reading the original study, the article remains unconvincing.” The sentence is a case of ______.A. Faulty parallelismB. Dangling modifierC. Sentence fragmentD. Run-on sentence6. “We were travelling along a lazy road.” The figure of speech used in the sentence is ______.A. MetaphorB. PersonificationC. MetonymyD. Transferred epithet7. Which of the following is not an icon of England?A. StonehengeB. King James BibleC. Thanksgiving TurkeyD. A cup of tea8. Soon after the ______, foundations were laid of the trade, colonial empire, and seapower which made England “the mistress of the seas.”A. Wars of the RosesB. Hundred Years WarC. defeat of the Invincible ArmadaD. First Anglo-Dutch War9. Which of the following cities lies on the Pacific Coast of USA?A. New York CityB. ChicagoC. Los AngelesD. City of Vancouver10. Which of the following is not an American organization?A. SenateB. House of RepresentativesC. Department of DefenseD. House of Lords11. The Supreme Court of USA is composed of ______ Justices.A. fiveB. sevenC. nineD. twelve12. Geoffrey Chaucer, regarded as the first famous English poet in the history ofEnglish literature, wrote the following except ______.A. The Canterbury TalesB. The House of FameC. The Parliament of FowlesD. Boethius13. The Elizabethan age in the history of British literature represents the glory of theEnglish theatre. The greatest playwright produced in this age is ______.A. William ShakespeareB. Edmund SpencerC. Philip SydneyD. Christopher Marlowe14. The English novel as a genre began to prosper in ______.A. 16th centuryB. 17th centuryC. 18th centuryD. 19th century15. The subject matter in Jane Austen’s novels is very limited. It is confined to thedescription of ______.A. the life of English rural gentry classB. English urban peopleC. London societyD. English farmers16. In ______, captain Ahab is obsessed with the revenge on a whale which shearedoff his leg on a previous voyage, and his crazy chasing of it eventually brings death to all on board the whaler except Ishmael, who survives to tell the tale.A. TypeeB. White JacketC. Moby DickD. Billy Budd17. Which of the following novels is not written by Henry James?A. Daisy MillerB. The Golden BowlC. What Maisie KnewD. The Rise of Silas Lapham18. What is the translation criterion put forward by Eugene Nida?A. dynamic equivalenceB. semantic equivalenceC. contextual equivalenceD. flexible equivalence19. Which of the following falls into the category of pragmatic translation?A. novel translationB. drama translationC. peom translationD. advertisement translation20. What is the most distinguished feature of the DTS (descriptive translationstudies)?A. accuracyB. comprehensivenessC. toleranceD. strictnessII. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentence or passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)1. For many beginners, the basic difficulty in translation is whether to retain the content or to keep the ______.2. Comprehension of the source text and ______ in the target language are considered as the two basic skills of a translator.3. ______, who knew not a single word of any foreign language but translated many foreign novels into Chinese, is often regarded as a pioneer in modem translation history of China.4. Yan Fu did most of his translations in the field of ______ with the aim of introducing Western ideas into China at the turn to the last century.5. Professor Jin Di, who puts forward the theory of equivalent effects, translated into Chinese James Joyce’s novel ______.6. Assimilation is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a ______ sound.。

2009年北京外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2009年北京外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：36.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、匹配题(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Authors A. T. S. EliotB. William WordsworthC. Charles DickensD. Jonathan SwiftE. John MiltonF. Francis BaconG. Percy Bysshe ShelleyH. Robert FrostI. Mark TwainJ. William ShakespeareK. Emily DickinsonL. Ralph W. EmersonM. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow（分数：20.00）(1).Fourthly, the constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, Stol"n on his wing my three and twentieth year! My hasting days fly on with full career,But my late spring no bud or blossom shew"th.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).April is the cruelest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).They cussed Jim considerable, though, and give him a cuff or two, side the head, once in a while, but Jim never said nothing, and he never let on to know me, and they took him to the same cabin, and put his own clothes on him, and chained him again, and not to no bed-leg, this time, but to a big staple drove into the bottom log, and chained his hands, too, and both legs, and said he wasn"t to have nothing but bread and water to eat, after this , till his owner come or he was sold at auction.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).Success is counted sweetest By those who ne"er succeed. To comprehend a nectar Requires sorest need.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of our own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).The Soul selects her own Society— Then—shuts the Door— To her divine Majority— Presents no more—（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9)."It is a part of Miss Havisham"s plans for me, Pip," said Estella, with a sigh, as if she were tired; "I am to write to her constantly and see her regularly, and report how I go on—I and the jewels—for they are nearly all mine now."（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footsteps on the sands of time.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、分析题(总题数：2，分数：16.00)Once Upon a TimeNadine GordimerSomeone has written to ask me to contribute to an anthology of stories for children. I reply that I don"t write children"s stories; and he writes back that at a recent congress/book fair/seminar a certain novelist said every writer ought to write at least one story for children. I think of sending a postcard saying I don"t accept that I "ought" to write anything.And then last night I woke up—or rather was awakened without knowing what had roused me.A voice in the echo-chamber of the subconscious?A sound.A creaking of the kind made by the weight carried be one foot after another along a wooden floor. I listened. I felt the apertures of my ears distend with concentration. Again: the creaking. I was waiting for it; waiting to hear if it indicated that feet were moving from room to room, coming up the passage—to my door. I have no burglar bars, no gun under the pillow, but I have the same fears as people who do take these precautions, and my windowpanes are thin as rime, could shatter like a wineglass.A woman was murdered (how do they put it) in broad daylight in a house two blocks away, last year, and the fierce dogs who guarded an old widower and his collection of antique clocks were strangled before he was knifed by a casual laborer he had dismissed without pay.I was staring at the door, making it out in my mind rather than seeing it, in the dark. I lay quite still—a victim already —the arrhythmia of heart was fleeing, knocking this way and that against its body-cage. How finely tuned the senses are, just out of rest, sleep! I could never listen intently as that in the distractions of the day, I was reading every faintest sound, identifying and classifying its possible threat.But I learned that I was to be neither threatened nor spared. There was no human weight pressing on the boards, the creaking was a buckling, an epicenter of stress. I was in it. The house that surrounds me while I sleep is built on undermined ground; far beneath my bed, the floor, the house"s foundations, the stopes and passages of gold mines have hollowed the rock, and when some face trembles, detaches and falls, three thousand feet below, the whole house shifts slightly, bringing uneasy strain to the balance and counterbalance of brick, cement, wood and glass the hold it as a structure around me. The misbeats of my heart tailed off like the last muffled flourishes on one of the wooden xylophones made by the Chopi and Tsonga migrant miners who might have been down there, under me in the earth at that moment. The stope where the fall was could have been disused, dripping water from its ruptured veins; or men might now be interred there in the most profound of tombs.I couldn"t find a position in which my mind would let go of my body—release me to sleep again. So I began to tell myself a story, a bedtime story.In a house, in a suburb, in a city, there were a man and his wife who loved each other very much and were living happily ever after. They had a little boy, they loved him very much. They had a cat and a dog that the little boy loved very much. They had a car and a caravan trailer for holidays, and a swimming-pool which was fenced so that the little boy and his playmates would not fall in and drown. They had a housemaid who was absolutely trustworthy and an itinerant gardener who was highly recommended by the neighbors. For when they began to live happily ever after they were warned, by that wise old witch, the husband" s mother, not to take on anyone off the street. They were inscribed in a medical benefit society, their pet dog was licensed, they were insured against fire, flood damage and theft, and subscribed to the local Neighborhood Watch, which supplied them with a plaque for their gates lettered YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED over the silhouette of a would-be intruder. He was masked; it could not be said if he was black or white, and therefore proved the property owner was no racist.It was not possible to insure the house, the swimming pool or the car against riot damage. There were riots, but these were outside the city, where people of another color were quartered. These people were not allowed into the suburb except as reliable housemaids and gardeners, so there was nothing to fear, the husband told the wife. Yet she was afraid that some day such people might come up the street and tear off the plaque YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and open the gates and stream in...Nonsense, my dear, said the husband, there are police and soldiersand tear-gas and guns to keep them away. But to please her—for he loved her very much and buses were being burned, cars stoned, and schoolchildren shot by the police in those quarters out of sight and hearing of the suburb—he had electronically controlled gates fitted. Anyone who pulled off the sign YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and tried to open the gates would have to announce his intentions by pressing a button and speaking into a receiver relayed to the house. The little boy was fascinated by the device and used, it as a walkie-talkie in cops and robbers play with his small friends.The riots were suppressed, but there were many burglaries in the suburb and somebody"s trusted housemaid was tied up and shut in a cupboard by thieves while she was in charge of her employers" house. The trusted housemaid of the man and wife and little boy was so upset by this misfortune befalling a friend left, as she herself often was, with responsibility for the possessions of the man and his wife and the little boy that she implored her employers to have burglar bars attached to the doors and windows of the house, and an alarm system installed. The wife said, She is right, let us take heed of her advice. So from every window and door in the house where they were living happily ever after they now saw the trees and sky through bars, and when the little boy"s pet cat tried to climb in by the fanlight to keep him company in his little bed at night, as it customarily had done, it set off the alarm keening through the house.The alarm was often answered—it seemed—by other burglar alarms, in other houses, that had been triggered by pet cats or nibbling mice. The alarms called to one another across the gardens in shrills and bleats and wails that everyone soon became accustomed to, so that the din roused the inhabitants of the suburb no more than the croak of frogs and musical grating of cicadas" legs. Under cover of the electronic harpies" discourse intruders sawed the iron bars and broke into homes, taking away hi-fi equipment, television sets, cassette players, cameras and radios, jewelry and clothing, and sometimes were hungry enough to devour everything in the refrigerator or paused audaciously to drink the whisky in the cabinets or patio bars. Insurance companies paid no compensation for single malt, a loss made keener by the property owner"s knowledge that the thieves wouldn"t even have been able to appreciate what it was they were drinking.Then the time came when many of the people who were not trusted housemaids and gardeners hung about the suburb because they were unemployed. Some importuned for a job: weeding or painting a roof; anything, baas (boss), madam. But the man and his wife remembered the warning about taking on anyone off the street. Some drank liquor and fouled the street with discarded bottles. Some begged, waiting for the man or his wife to drive the car out of the electronically operated gates. They sat about with their feet in the gutters, under the jacaranda trees that made a green tunnel of the street—for it was a beautiful suburb, spoilt only by their presence—and sometimes they fell asleep lying right before the gates in the midday sun. The wife could never see anyone go hungry. She sent the trusted housemaid out with bread and tea but the trusted housemaid said these were loafers and tsotsis (criminals), who would come and tie her and shut her in a cupboard. The husband said, She"s right. Take heed of her advice. You only encourage them with your bread and tea. They are looking for their chance... And he brought the little boy"s tricycle from the garden into the house every night, because if the house was surely secure, once locked and with the alarm set, someone might still be able to climb over the wall or the electronically closed gates into the garden.You are right, said the wife, then the wall should be higher. And the wise old witch, the husband"s mother, paid for the extra bricks as her Christmas present to her son and his wife-the little boy got a Space Man outfit and a book of fairy tales.But every week there were more reports of intrusion: in broad daylight and the dead of night in the early hours of the morning, and even in the lovely summer twilight-a certain family was at dinner while the bedrooms were being ransacked upstairs. The man and his wife, talking of the latest armed robbery in the suburb, were distracted by the sight of the little boy"s pet effortlessly arriving over the seven-foot wall, descending first with a rapid bracing of extended forepaws down on the sheer vertical surface, and then a graceful launch, landing with swishing tail within the property. The whitewashed wall was marked with the cat"s comings andgoings and on the street side of the wall there were larger red-earth smudges that could have been made by the kind of broken running shoes, seen on the feet of unemployed loiterers, that had no innocent destination.When the man and wife and little boy took the pet dog for its walk round the neighborhood streets they no longer paused to admire this show of roses or that perfect lawn; these were hidden behind an array of different varieties of security fences, walls and devices. The man, wife, little boy and dog passed a remarkable choice: there was the low-cost option of pieces of broken glass embedded in cement along the top of walls, there were iron grilles ending in lance-points, there were attempts at reconciling the aesthetics of prison architecture with the Spanish Villa (spikes painted pink) and with the plaster Urns of neoclassical facades (twelve-inch pikes finned like zigzags of lightning and painted pure white). Some walls had a small board affixed, giving the name and telephone number of the firm responsible for the installation of the devices. While the little boy and the pet dog raced ahead, the husband and wife found themselves comparing the possible effectiveness of each style against its appearance; and after several weeks when they paused before this barricade or that without needing to speak, both came out with the conclusion that only one was worth considering. It was the ugliest but the most honest in its suggestion of the pure concentration-camp style, no frills, all evident efficacy. Placed the length of walls, it consisted of a continuous coil of stiff and shining metal serrated into jagged blades, so that there would be no way of climbing over it and no way through its tunnel without getting entangled in its fangs. There would be no way out, only a struggle getting bloodier and bloodier, a deeper and sharper hooking and tearing of flesh. The wife shuddered to look at it. You"re right, said the husband, anyone would think twice... And they took heed of the advice on a small board fixed the, wall: Consult DRAGON"S TEETH The People For Total Security.Next day a gang of workmen came and stretched the razor-bladed coils all round the walls of the house where the husband and wife and little boy and pet dog and cat were living happily ever after. The sunlight flashed and slashed, off the serrations, the cornice of razor thorns encircled the home, shining. The husband said, Never mind. It will weather. The wife said, You"re wrong. They guarantee it"s rust-proof. And she waited until the little boy had run off to play before she said, I hope the cat will take heed... The husband said, Don"t worry, my dear, cats always look before they leap. And it was true that from that day on the cat slept in the little boy"s bed and kept to the garden, never risking a try at breaching security.One evening, the mother read the little boy to sleep with a fairy story from the book the wise old witch had given him at Christmas. Next day he pretended to be the Prince who braves the terrible thicket of thorns to enter the palace and kiss the Sleeping Beauty back to life: he dragged a ladder to the wall, the shining coiled tunnel was just wide enough for his little body to creep in, and with the first fixing of its razor-teeth in his knees and hands and head he screamed and struggled deeper into its tangle. The trusted housemaid and the itinerant gardener, whose "day" it was, came running, the first to see and to scream with him, and the itinerant gardener tore this hands trying to get at the little boy. Then the man and his wife burst wildly into the garden and for some reason (the cat, probably) the alarm set up wailing against the screams while the bleeding mass of the little boy was hacked out of the security coil with saws, wire-cutters, choppers, and they carried it-the man, the wife, the hysterical trusted housemaid and the weeping gardener-into the house.（分数：6.00）(1).Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around 200 words). (30 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Make a brief comment on the characterization of the man and his wife. (30 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Define the major theme of the following short story. (40 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Identify errors of logic or reasoning, if any, in the following arguments. Briefly explain the cause of error.（分数：10.00）(1).Luck is in contradiction to God"s sovereign plan, because Albert Einstein stated that, "God does not play dice."（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Voucher programs will not harm schools, since no one has ever proven that vouchers have harmed schools.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Mr. Wang is a great teacher because he is so wonderful at teaching.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).If you allow a camel to poke his nose into the tent, soon the whole camel will follow.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).Statistic show that Hawaiians live longer than other Americans. If you want to live longer you should move to Hawaii.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

天外09年英语语言学考研题

天津外国语学院2009年攻读英语语言文学专业硕士学位研究生入学考试样题考试科目：基础英语+汉语（考试时间180分钟总分150分）注：本试卷为水平考试，分别考查学生的词汇量、语法结构、阅读理解、翻译以及汉语等方面的水平和能力，为所有报考我校英语专业硕士研究生的必答题。

以下是样题，并不是试题全部。

I. Vocabulary (20points )Directions: Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase or best fills in the blank in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20points for 20 questions) The following are ten sample questions.1.Y ou talk about it as if it were a grammar school instead of a leading university.A.very largeB.very seriousC.very prestigiousD.very fundamental2. During the war, the shipping lanes proved vulnerable to attack.A.susceptibleB.futileC.feasibleD.venerable3. Affluent nations have an obligation to help their neighbors.A. largeB. wealthyC. advancedD. industrialized4. Companies will address this situation through methods like on-site counseling and the development of special programs.A.go to the spotB.rememberC.recordD.deal with5. I got out thanks to a college scholarship and because I was a little more articulate than the average.A.able to do addition effectivelyB.able to express one’s thoughts effectivelyC.able to write effectivelyD.able to initiate things effectively6. Her letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was__________.A. unintelligibleB. eligibleC. ambiguousD. illegible7. The children performed a very________ dance.A. distractingB. gracefulC. graciousD. precise8. The room was ________ of furniture.A. absentB. devoidC. inadequateD. scanty9. What he has been saying is completely _____to what we are discussing.A. detachedB. exceptionalC. impertinentD. irrelevant10. The funeral will be _______, and only members of the dead man’s family will attend.A. aloneB. personalC. peculiarD. privateII. Grammatical Structures. (10 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four underlined parts marked A, B ,C and D. Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect.III. Cloze Test (20 points)Directions: There are two short passages in this section. In each passage, ten words or phrases are missing. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase that best suits the context to complete the passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)As a doctor who travels quite a lot, I spent a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I lave been called only once for a woman who had merely fainted. But the __1__ made me quite ___2__ how often this kind of thing happens. I wonder what I would do if confronted with a real midair emergency without access by a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with __3__.The study estimated that there are an average of thirty in-flight medical emergencies on US flights every day. Most of them are not __4__. __5__ 13% of them are serious enough to require the pilot to change course. The most common emergencies __6__ heart trouble, stroke and difficulty in breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitude are set roughly what they would be if you lived at 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. Most people can __7__ these pressures, but passengers with heart disease __8__ experience chest pain. Another problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economic class syndrome. ___9_ happens, do not panic. Thanks to more recent legislation, __10___ with just one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions : Read carefully the following passage(s) and then answer the questions. (40 points for 20 questions). The following is a sample passage with five sample questions.Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough‘commonsense’to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .A. the use of machines to produce science fiction.B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D. the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work2. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .A. programs.B. experts.C. devices.D. creatures.3. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can .A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B. interact with human beings verbally.C. have a little common sense.D. respond independently to a changing world.4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .A. make a few decisions for themselves.B. deal with some errors with human intervention.C. improve factory environments.D. cultivate human creativity.5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately.C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.D. best used in a controlled environment.V. Translation from English to Chinese. (20 points)Directions: Please translate the following two passages into Chinese and write your English versions on the ANSWER SHEET. The following is a sample passage.It is as though some giant’s hand were squeezing the trunks of the trees, forcing the sap up and along the branches, for the blossom seems to squirt into the air.There have been other Mays in other years, but never has there been so much blossom. The bees are bewildered by it. A few small bush-apples which were as austere as walking sticks when I planted them only two months ago are now in full flower, and look like little girls just off to a carnival.Peach, cherry, plum and apple strain into the air; all the trees in the orchard are out together, and for once, no clumsy wind has shorn or rain washed their frail, enameled, fine petals down into the lecherous hands of grass.What flower is there as delicate as this flower that grows out of a gnarled old tree with its trunk all twisted and its bark all blistered? It is a paradox. Beauty is always a paradox.VI. 汉语部分（40分）一、判断题（标出正确答案的题号，每小题1分，共10分）1.先秦文学是综合的形态，其特点是文史哲不分。

2012年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学(美国社会文化方向)考研真题【圣才出品】

2012年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学（美国社会文化方向）考研真题I.Chinese-English Translation(40points)Directions:Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.24岁的龙口姑娘刁娜，前不久与丈夫在下班途中，看到一位女子被撞倒在路中央。

为也不让伤者被二次碾轧，“不让小悦悦悲剧重演”，刁娜与丈夫毫不犹豫地下车救人，一边拨打急救电话，一边护在作者身前疏导交通。

渐渐地天色越来越暗，看着面前一辆辆汽车飞驰而来，刁娜心里也是害怕的。

她急中生智，让丈夫去车里拿警示牌。

可就在这时，意外发生了。

一辆小汽车超过一辆货车，直开到刁娜跟前，刁娜被狠狠地撞倒在地，右腿钻心的疼，然后疼昏了过去……刁娜的善举感染了车祸中的肇事者、被救者，他们用友善、谅解和诚信，续写了一段关于良知、公德与责任的佳话……在一个民族陷入集体的道德焦虑、道德追问之时，刁娜的义举，各方的人性善良，既是一抹亮色，也让我们深思。

II.Critical Writing(40points)Directions:Respond to the following passage in an essay of no more than300 words with a title of your own choice,a clearly stated central argument,and details/examples to support the argument.Write your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.Yan Xuetong,professor of political science and dean of the Institute of ModernInternational Relations at Tsinghua University,argues in Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power,that“morality can play a key role in shaping international competition between political powers—and separating the winners from the losers.”III.This part consists of seven sections.Answer the questions set for the program for which you are making the application.Write your answers or your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(70points)Section E:美国社会文化方向部分(70points)This section is set for applicants to the MA program of American Society and Culture.Write the question numbers and your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 1.Explain the following terms(20points)1)New York City2)the Industrial Revolution in America3)the Red Scare4)segregation laws2.Essay Questions(50points).Directions:Write a short paper of about200words on each of the following topics.1)Why are they so many free choices in religion for American?Why is there no fierce religious struggle in the U.S.as it often happens in Europe?(15points)2)What were John Dewey’s major contributions to the American education?(15points)3)Comment on the possible trend of Sino-American relations of the on-coming Obama’s era.(20points)。

[考研类试卷]2013年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2013年天津外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、单项选择题1 The majority of Robert Burns' poems were written in the ______dialect.（A）Scottish（B）Welsh（C）Irish（D）Celtic2 Which of the following novels is written in epistolary style? ______（A）Moll Flanders（B）Tom Jones（C）The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman（D）Pamela, Or Virtue Rewarded3 Which of the following poems could be employed to explain Wordsworth's theory of poetry writing as "a spontaneous overflow of powerful emotion" "recollected in tranquility"? ______（A）I wandered lonely as a cloud（B）Ode on a Grecian Urn（C）The Rime of the Ancient Mariner（D）To Autumn4 Direct psychoanalysis could not possibly be found in the works of______.（A）Edgar Allan Poe（B）Washington Irving（C）Henry James（D）Ernest Hemingway5 Compared with the writings of Mark Twain's, Henry James's fiction is noted for their______.（A）frontier vernacular（B）rich colloquialism（C）refined elegant language（D）vulgarly descriptive words6 Which of the following plays is highly autobiographic? ______（A）A Streetcar Named Desire（B）Death of a Salesman（C）Long Day's Journey into Night（D）The Hairy Ape7 ______doesn't directly employ sexual impotence to symbolize spiritual poverty in his works.（A）Ernest Hemingway（B）T. S. Eliot（C）Walt Whitman（D）Edward Albee二、填空题8 The human defect of______mainly causes the tragedy of Macbeth.9 In John Milton's______, Satan seems to embody the human fight for freedom and against control in life.10 "Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is?" The speaker is______.11 Heroic couplet is one of the traditional verse forms in English poetry. ______is believed to be the first English poet to have adopted this form in his poems.12 Great Expectations is a novel of Bildungsroman, or a novel of______.13 Determinism is a theme in Joseph Conrad's ______.14 "Art for art's sake" finds a fluent expression in Oscar Wilde's only novel ______, but is disapproved of by______, the author of Pygmalion.15 Ulysses is a highly symbolic novel, which bears a striking resemblance to Homer's______.16 " Let us go then, you and IWhen the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table..."These lines are taken from a poem entitled______.17 "Young Goodman Brown" is intended to reveal that______exists in the hearts of all human beings.18 "The universe is composed of Nature and the soul... Spirit is present everywhere. " This is the voice out of the book______, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism.19 Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goalDust thou art, to dust returnestWas not spoken of the soul.These lines are taken from a poem entitled______.20 ______tore the mask of gentility to pieces and wrote about the helplessness of man, his insignificance in a cold world, and his lack of dignity in face of the crushing forces of environment and heredity.21 The Compsons, the Sartorises, and the Sutpens are representative southern aristocratic families in ______'s novels, and they are all portrayed as prisoners of the past, who cannot reconcile with the fall of the south after______.22 In The Woman Warrior,______rewrites the legend of Chinese heroine to express her desire to become a woman warrior in a racist and sexist society.23 " A moist young moon hung above the mist of a neighboring meadow. " In the sentence from Conclusive Evidence, Vladimir Nabokov uses the figure of speech called ______.三、分析题24 Many writers seem to believe in the therapeutic and revitalizing power of nature. Illustrate the image of nature and its impact on human beings in a specific novel, play, poem or short story by an American or British writer/playwright/poet.25 At the end of Tess' story, Hardy wrote that " ' Justice ' was done, and the President of the Immortals(in Aeschylean phrase)had ended his sport with Tess. " How do you understand this sentence? In what sense is Tess' story tragic?26 In For Whom the Bell Tolls, the readers see a clear change of Hemingway's former individualistic attitude shown as in The Sun Also Rises to a fresh faith of social destinies of men. Illustrate this point on the basis of these two novels.27 The ship(or the boat, or the like)has been a key symbol in western literature. W. H. Auden holds that there are mainly two views of a ship: as a vessel isolated in the ocean, thus a microcosm of society; and as a vehicle of escape from the shore, thus an image of freedom. Elaborate on the symbolic meaning of the ship/boat, or a boarded floating object in one American or British novel.。

天津外国语大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2013)【圣才出品】

16．天津外国语大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2013）天津外国语大学2013年语言学考研真题考试科目：英语语言文学Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of English Linguistics.1. Multiple Choice: (30 points)Directions: For each item, there are four choices of answers. Select the only ONE which best completes the statement. Write the number of the question, horizontally five in each line, and your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication. Thus we say it has the property of ______.A. arbitrarinessB. displacementC. creativityD. duality【答案】B2. The ______ function of language enables our language to talk about itself.A. performativeB. emotiveC. phaticD. metalingual【答案】D3. Which segment in the following does not share one or more phonetic features with the other segments?A. [m]B. [l]C. [w]D. [s]【答案】A4. Which is the description of the consonant[b]?A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiced bilabial stopC. voiceless alveolar fricativeD. voiced alveolar fricative【答案】B5. When preceding/p/, the negative prefix in- changes to im- through a processcalled ______.A. dissimilationB. bilabializationC. assimilationD. none of the above【答案】A6. The number of morphemes in the word girls is ______.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four【答案】B7. Which of the following is an endocentric compound?A. runawayB. playboyC. self-controlD. breakthrough【答案】C8. Which of the following is not a bound root morpheme?A. -putB. -ceiveC. -mitD. -tain【答案】A9 . The word televise is created through the process of ______.A. blendingB. inventionC. back-formationD. borrowing【答案】C10. The grammatical category which is used in the analysis of word classes toidentify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence is ______.A. caseB. agreementC. tenseD. aspect【答案】A11. Which pair of antonyms does not belong to gradable antonyms?A. good, badB. hit, missC. long, shortD. small, big【答案】B12. The indirect theory to meaning proposed by Ogden and Richards holds that therelation between a word and a thing is mediated by ______.A. referenceB. conceptC. controlD. dependency【答案】B13. The following figures were very influential in the field of linguistics in the firsttwo decades of the twentieth century except ______.A. SaussureB. BloomfieldC. ChomskyD. Firth【答案】C14. The principal and most obvious contrast between the last two centuries hasbeen the rapid rise of ______ linguistics, as opposed to ______ linguistics.A. descriptive, historicalB. structural, generativeC. functional, formalistD. structural, historical【答案】A15. The Prague school was a group of Czech and other scholars, whose maininterest lay in ______ theory.A. phoneticB. phonologicalC. semanticD. syntactic【答案】B16. ______ usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associatedwith the use of language.A. Cognitive linguisticsB. Corpus linguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Neuro-linguistics。

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版：1-10 BADBC BDCAB11-20 CADDA DCBBD21-25 BDAAA26-30 ACAAB31-35DBBCC36-40 DDDAC41-45 35216Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46题有人说，测量任何学校的价值是扩大和提高经验的影响，这种影响是最初动机的一部分47题只有逐渐注意机构的副产品，并且逐渐增多，它才能初人民认为是机构产品的一个直接因素。

天津外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试参考书目教学教材

基础日语
1.大学日语专业教材新版
2.国际日语能力测试1级
日语语言学理论与实践
1.《日本语言》徐一平编著高等教育出版社
2.《日本語概説》加藤彰彦等编桜楓社
日本文学
1.《日本文学史》不限版本
2.《日本古典文学作品选读》不限版本
日语教育
1.《外语教学法》不限版本
2.《日本語教育事典》日本語教育学会編大修館
作者：Karl-Heinz Wüst出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
3.《文学与认识》，作者：王炳钧，出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
基础西班牙语
1.《现代西班牙语》第二、三、四、五册，董燕生外研社
2.《新编西班牙语阅读课本》第一、二、三、四册李多外研社2000
西班牙语翻译理论
与实践
1.《西汉翻译教程》孙家孟等上海外教社1988.5.
日语同声传译
1.《新编汉日翻译教程》高宁上海外语教育出版社社
2.《新编日译汉教程》（新版）陈岩大连理工大学出版社
3.《新编汉日日汉同声传译教程》宋协毅外语教学与研究出版社
汉语
1.《中国文学史》（古代部分、凡高校使用的教材均可参考）
2 .《古汉语通论》郑铁生编写?天津市“十一五”规划教材2004年10月河北教育出版社（第4 - 8章）
3.《德语高级写作》Ralf Glitza外语教学与研究出版社2005
德语教学法
1.Storch, Geunther,2001:Deutsch als Fremdsprache – Eine Didaktik. Fink
德语文学
1.《德国文学史》，作者：余匡复，出版社：上海外语教育出版社
2.《德国文学简史》Geschichte der deutschen Literatur

南开大学外国语学院语言学基础历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。

2013年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学(美国社会文化方向)考研真题【圣才出品】

2013年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学（美国社会文化方向）考研真题I.Chinese-English Summary Translation(40points)Directions:Write a summary of the following essay in about200English words.作为文化事件的“于丹被轰”肖鹰作为一个被媒体和市场联手打造的文化符号，“国学超女于丹”这两年来多少有些沉寂。

然而，11月17日在北大百年大讲堂举办的一场昆曲商演上发生的于丹被观众轰下台一事，又将于丹推到了公众视线的焦点上。

关于此事，已有现场视频流传于网络，情形是简单明白的：当昆曲节目表演结束，进入谢幕时，以10位昆曲界著名艺术家伫立作背景，主持人请于丹上台讲话，身着超短裙、黑色长丝袜和超高跟鞋的于丹在观众喝倒彩声中走上舞台。

当于丹在接受台上一位老艺术家献花之后开始讲话说“我先代表大家……”时，有观众喊出“于丹下去”，并且得到其他多位观众的呼应，于丹只得放弃讲话，退到后台并悄然下台。

我以为，这是一个文化利好事件，至少可概括出三点。

首先是对于丹教授的利好。

于丹现为北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院副院长、教授，虽然出身于文学硕士，但长期从事的是媒体策划及相关教学，2007年在央视百家讲坛讲《论语》成名后，就在国内文化市场以“国学专家（大师）”的招牌行市。

于丹之所以能暴得大名，一方面来自于她以媒体中人的敏感捕捉到了当时受众的普遍心理需要，并以简洁明快的演讲方式予以灌输，另一方面是，她由中国受众最广的媒体央视捧出。

以“国学”行市，于丹无论从知识层面，还是从精神层面，都有难以弥补的局限。

她声称自己四岁读《论语》，但对《论语》的解说错误百出，而讲《庄子》更是臆断妄议，基本文理不通。

讲点实在话，于丹讲国学，犹如没有根底的票友在“曲苑杂坛”里充大师。

成名后的于丹，并没有自我反省，或扬长避短，而是在与媒体与市场的合谋中随行就市，高调扮演文化市场的“国学符号”。

天津外国语大学语言学方向考研真题信息(英语语言文学专业)

天津考研网()天津外国语大学语言学方向考研真题信息（英语语言文学专业）天津外国语大学语言学方向考研复习都是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为：考研报录比-大纲-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师，缺一不可。

作为天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业语言学方向的众多报考生之一，亲身经历过去年的考研大战，成功进入复试，最后在录取名单上终于看到了我的名字。

这一年来的备考，也算是有了不少心得体会，现在这个时间段正是研读真题的时候，所以我把自己如何复习真题的经验体会写下来分享给大家，希望可以帮到大家复习。

我个人呢在复习真题的时候是按照下面的方法展开自己的复习计划，写出来给大家参考一下：首先第一遍的时候按照年份限时做题，就像模拟考一样，算个大概的分数；然后思考自己当时没做出来的题该怎么做，做错的题错在哪，会做的题是不是有更好的思路和解题方法；第二遍主要做错题，主攻错题并且总结错题的题型和涉及到的知识点；最后按照错误率的高低专项攻克一个知识点，并且花上1-2天的时间只做这个知识点。

练得多了可以缩短一下时间，因为在考场上我们的心理并不如平时轻松，所以平时要更为严苛的锻炼我们的解题速度以及正确率，以保证可以发挥出正常水平。

另外呢，我参加的初试专业课考试为：业务一701（基础英语+汉语）；业务二801（英语语言文学）。

我用的资料是：天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业语言学方向考研红宝书-全程版。

资料中包含了如下的真题内容：天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2004-2016年考研试题；天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2006-2015年考研试题参考答案；天津外国语大学英语语言文学（语言学方向）2007-2016年考研试题；天津外国语大学英语语言文学（语言学方向）2007-2016年详细参考答案；天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2006-2015年考研真题解析，“天津外国语大学英语语言文学（英语语言学方向）考研真题解析（答案+讲解视频）”；天津外国语大学英语语言文学（语言学方向）2007-2016年考研真题解析，“天津外国语大学英语语言文学（英语语言学方向）考研真题解析（答案+讲解视频）”；二外科目2005-2016年考研试题（其中2015-2016年包括二外日语、德语、法语、英语）。

天津外国语大学翻硕英汉互译真题(精)

天津外国语大学翻硕英汉互译真题The Internet of Things 物联网Economic turnaround 经济好转Stamp duty 印花税Sub-prime crisis 次贷危机Real economy 实体经济CPI消费物价指数UNESCO联合国教科文组织Ecocide生态灭绝Property bubble房地产泡沫Down payment首付YouTube互联网视频共享网站Conglomerate联合企业IDD国际直拨电话DJ流行音乐播音员Side event边会Hard news重要新闻Government watchdog政府监督Carbon footprint碳足迹Twitter推特Funemployment失业乐活借词loanword全球暖化global warming经济不景气the economic recession经济适用房affordable housing节能减排energy saving and emission reduction面向基层toward grassroots反腐倡廉promote clean government and combat corruption法治国家a country under the rule of law生态文明ecological civilization误译misinterpret非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage执政为民assume power for people生态移民ecological migrants对等词equivalence word民意测验opinion roll年度风云人物the man of the year抢占科技制高点seize the technological high ground举报电话informants's hot-line telephone保障“米袋子”“菜篮子”安全protection of the "rice-bag""basket"security 推进政务公开promote government affairs openness。

2010年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2010年天津外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：48.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxons period is 1, an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2." A little learning is a dangerous thing/Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian sping," a famous quotation is from An Essay on Criticism written by 1, the high priest and magistrate of the Age of Reason.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.The 16th century in the history of English literature is viewed as a great period of Elizabethan drama, which witnessed the birth of two great playwrights; William Shakespeare and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work 1written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.The famous English critic Mathew Arnold called the 18th century in Britain "an age of prose". In this period, no novelists were as popular and well known as 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele are always remembered together because they started a journalistic tradition that is still alive in Britain and the United State. Their collaboration on a series of essays for the Taller and the 1strongly influenced 18th century English taste and opinion.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Like Ibsen, 1was much concerned about the social problems of his time. His career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play 2was put on and turned out a success.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.Modernist writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Wolf approached the internal world of characters in their novels by the technique of "stream of consciousness" which means 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.According to historians of English literature, the First World War saw the start of a poetic revolution which was initiated by the imagist movement and the symbolist movement. The imagist movement was led by 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.The revolution of the British drama came in the decade following the ending of the World War II. The tremors in the post-war British theatre were caused by Samuel Beckett"s play 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Edgar Allan Poe"s stories fall into two categories; 1and "tales of ratiocination".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12." The greatest delight which the fields and woods minister, is the suggestion of an occult relation between man and the vegetable. I am not alone and unacknowledged. They nod to me, and I to them. The waving of the boughs in the storm, is new to me and old. It takes me by surprise,and yet is not unknown. Its effect is like that of a higher thought or a better emotion coming over me, when I deemed I was thinking justly or doing right.Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in 1, but in 2, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.In Emily Dickinson"s poem Because I Could not Stop for Death, she uses personification to compare death to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.In William Dean Howell"s 1, the burning of the house symbolizes the protagonist"s economic fall but he achieves his moral and ethical rise.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.Allen Ginsberg"s 1(1956), William S. Burroughs"s Naked Lunch(1959)and Jack Kerouac"s On the Road(1957)are considered to be the literary representatives of the 2of the 1950s.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.The Southern Renaissance was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of, among others, novelist 1, playwright 2, short-story writer Katherine Anne Porter.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.The concept of "double consciousness" which has beeh widely employed in the literary criticism of ethnic American literatures originated from the enduring classic The Souls of Black Folk(1903) by 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.In 1by Arthur Miller, the main character 2"s determination to live up to his "American Dream" and only to seek material happiness takes his life.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19. 1by J.D.Salinger reflects the moral crisis and disillusionment of the post-war American society.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20."The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. " The figure of speech used in the sentence is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、问答题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)21.Charles Lamb is sometimes called the Shakespeare of the English essay. Do you agree or disagree on the statement? Give details to support your argument.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.British romanticism is a very important literary trend in the history of the English literature. Scholars singled out six major poets in this period of time: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats and Blake and constructed the basic notions of a unified Romanticism. What are the basic notions of Romanticism? Illustrate these notions of Romanticism with one or two examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.How do Ichabod Crane and Brom Bones in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow embody two different value systems?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.Give the importance of mobility in the ideological underpinnings of America, it is hardly surprising to find that American literature has from its beginnings been"a literature of movement, of motion, its great icons the track through forest and superhighway. " Please name one novel from the canonical American literature to elaborate on the theme of mobility.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2009年南开大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题-无答案

2009年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分30,考试时间90分钟)3. 名词解释1. Metaphysical poetry2. Denotation and connotation3. Ezra Pound and The Cantos4. British neoclassicism5. Imagism8. 分析题Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales. From The Canterbury Tales Speaking of his equipment, he(the knight)possessed Fine horses, but he was not gaily dressed. He wore a fustian tunic stained and dark With smudges where his armor had left mark.1. 1. What does the fact that the knight owns fine horses indicate?2. 2. What does the clothes he wears indicate?3. 3. What does Geoffrey Chaucer want to show through these details?4. Question 4 is based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales. From The Canterbury Tales No morsel from her lips did she(the nun)let fall, Nor dipped her fingers in the sauce too deep And she would wipe her upper lip so clean That not a trace of grease was to be seen Upon the cup when she had drunk.4. What does the narrator think of the nun? Why do you think so?Questions 5 to 10 are based on the following passage. The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret nor lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals , the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood. When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter from the tree of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men" s farms, yet to this theirwarranty-deeds give no title. … Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. For, nature is not always tricked in holiday attire, but the same scene which yesterday breathed perfume and glittered as for the frolic of the nymphs is overspread with melancholy today. Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness in it. Then there is a kind of contempt of the landscape felt by him who has just lost by death a dear friend. The sky is less grand as it shuts down over less worth in the population.5. 5. According to paragraph 1, why does the author believe the star awaken a reverence in people?6. 6. What does the sentence "Nature never became a toy to the wise spirit" mean?7. 7. What does the author imply when he talks about the difference between farms and landscapes?8. 8. What do you think is the difference between the meaning the author or a poet finds in nature and the meaning a woodcutter, a botanist, a geographer or an engineer finds in nature?9. 9. Where does the author believe the power to produce a delight in **es from according paragraph 3?10. 10. What does the phrase "the color of the spirit"(line 5 in paragraph 3)mean?。

[考研类试卷]2010年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2010年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2010年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、单项选择题1 ______units are meaningless and______units have distinct and identifiable meaning. （A）Primary/Secondary（B）First/Secondary（C）Minimal/Secondary（D）Secondary/Primary2 Idioms are products of______of language.（A）conventionality（B）arbitrariness（C）creativity（D）duality3 Which of the following words is not an open-class word?（A）suspicious（B）category（C）prescribe（D）although4 "The man standing in the hallway looked depressed" is a(an)______ construction. （A）endocentric（B）exocentric（C）coordinative（D）subordinate5 In the word "unavailability" , ______ is the root.（A）un（B）available（C）avail（D）ability6 "Maple", "willow", "polar" and "pine" are______of "tree".（A）super-ordinates（B）co-hyponyms（C）relational hyponyms（D）gradable opposites7 In Austin's term, the verb "appreciate" in the sentence "I really appreciate what you have done for me" is a(an)______.（A）active verb（B）predicative verb（C）constative verb（D）performative verb8 The difference between "I have a pair of blue pants" and "I have a pair of blue trousers" is______.（A）dialectical（B）stylistic（C）emotive（D）connotative9 The word "digitalization" consists of______syllables as against morphemes.（A）five/three（B）six/three（C）six/four（D）five/five10 The borrowing of some features from a basic level category and applying of them to the super-ordinate level is called______.（A）composite categorization（B）interactive categorization（C）characteristic categorization（D）parasitical categorization11 According to Lakoff and Johnson, " His greediness began to balloon quickly" represents a(an)______.（A）structural metaphor（B）ontological metaphor（C）orientational metaphor（D）conceptual metaphor12 The study of how language relates to culture is more likely to fall under the sphere of______.（A）sociolinguistics（B）anthropological linguistics（C）comparative linguistics（D）historical linguistics13 In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds[t][n][z]share the feature of______.（A）palatal（B）alveolar（C）bilabial（D）velar14 Of the two kinds of minimization as categorized by Levinson, the one that has nothing to do with I-p is______.（A）semantic minimization（B）information minimization（C）expression minimization（D）pragmatic minimization15 Which maxim is flouted in the sentence "Ronald is eithera movie star, or a politician or both"?（A）maxim of manner（B）maxim of quality（C）maxim of quantity（D）maxim of relevance16 Which of the following can best describe the relationship between "They have six cows" and "They have some animals"?（A）presupposition（B）synonym（C）antonym（D）entailment17 Traditional grammar and structural grammar differ in that______ is descriptive and empirical.（A）traditional grammar（B）structural grammar（C）functional grammar（D）universal grammar18 In which of the following aspects conversational implicature theory and speech act theory are different?（A）How contextual meaning is generated.（B）How much the implied meaning is dependent on the context.（C）How much role the conventional meaning of words plays.（D）How indeterminate the implied meaning is.19 The argument that similarity and frequency both play important roles in processing and understanding language is supported by______.（A）generative grammarians（B）historical linguists（C）connectionists in psycholinguistics（D）American functionalists20 Linguists are interested in particular instances of language use only when the instances exemplify______.（A）the language system（B）the perception of reality（C）aesthetic experience（D）the meanings codes convey二、填空题21 ______ deals with the combination of words into phrases, clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction.22 Human language is ______. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with.23 Human speech developed from primitive man giving vocal expression to the objects he encountered. This is known as "______Theory".24 ______is a property of language enabling people to talk about things remote either in space or in time.25 Language is used to create certain feelings in the hearers. This iscalled______function.26 ______relation means the vertical relationship between forms, which might occupy the same particular place in a structure.27 ______is the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.28 The most important ways of word formation are , derivation and conversion.29 Some new words are composed of the first letters of a series of words and pronounced by saying each letter in them. This kind of words are called ______.30 One type of descriptive approach is called______ analysis. Its main objective is to study the distribution of linguistic formsin a language.31 ______linguistics is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.32 ______ is the result of embodied sensorimotor and cognitive structures that generate meaning in and through our ongoing interaction with our changing environments.33 The prototype can be understood as a schematic______of the conceptual core of a category.34 A ______ is a typical instance of a category, and other elements are assimilated to the category on the basis of their perceived resemblance to the prototype.35 ______ is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.36 G. Leech recognizes seven types of meaning and says the ______ meaning makes up the central part.37 ______is the technical name for the oppositeness relation.38 "Utterance" may be defined as a piece of actually used language. In this sense we can divide the study of meaning into two types. One is concerned with the meaning of words and sentences, as abstract units of the language system; and the other is concerned with the meaning of______, as units of language in use.39 To specify the COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE, Grice introduced four categories of maxims as follows; Quantity, Quality, Relation and______.40 As metaphor means the transport of ideas in Greek, ______means a change of name.三、简答题41 One of the design features of language is displacement. What does it mean?42 Please distinguish inflectional affix and derivational affix briefly.43 One of the word formation processes is called blending. What does it mean?44 What is exocentric construction? Give an example.45 One of the maxims of Cooperative Principle is the maxim of manner. Please explain it in brief.四、写作题46 Essay Question.(10 points)Compare and discuss the main characteristics of subjects in English and Chinese.。

2009年天津外国语大学802(俄语语言文学)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2009年天津外国语大学802（俄语语言文学）考研真题及详解I. Выберите правильный ответ из предлагаемых вариантов (20 баллов)1. Основателями славянской письменности считаются _____ .а. Святой Владимир и Ярослав Мудрыйб. Ярослав Мудрый и Владимир Мономахв. Кирилл и Мефодийг. Святая Ольга и Святослав【答案】в【解析】斯拉夫字母的创始人是基里尔和梅福季兄弟。

2. Самым талантливым полководцем во время Великой Отечественной войны был маршал _____.а. А.К.Жуковб. И. В. Сталинв. М.И. Кутузовг. В.И.Чуйков【答案】а【解析】伟大的卫国战争期间最有天赋的元帅是格奥尔吉·康斯坦丁诺维奇·朱可夫。

3. Высшая законодательная власть в современной России принадлежит:а. Федеральному собраниюб. Конституционному судув. Президентуг. Государственной думе【答案】а【解析】现代俄罗斯的最高立法权属于联邦议会。

4. Река _____ разделяет территорию России на почти 2 равные части: восточную и западную.а. Енисейб. Ленав. Обьг. Волга【答案】а【解析】俄罗斯的地形以叶尼塞河为界，分为东西两部分。

2008年天津外国语学院英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2008年天津外国语学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Thomas Hardy is a prolific writer whose works include the following except______.（分数：2.00）A.Far from the Madding CrowdB.To the Light HouseC.Under the Greenwood TreeD.Jude the Obscure2.In the first half of the 19th century English drama experienced a general decline; ______ two famous English playwrights revived the British theatre after this period of time.（分数：2.00）A.William Shakespeare and Christopher MarloweB.Harold Pinter and Samuel BeckettC.George Bernard Shaw and Oscar WildeD.Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg3.The three most eminent novelists who represent the three phases of the Victorian novels are Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and______.（分数：2.00）A.George MooreB.Louis StevensonC.James JoyceD.George Eliot4.Which of the following books deals with American Civil War?（分数：2.00）A.The Red Badge of CourageB.For Whom the Bell TollsC.Slaughterhouse-FiveD.Catch 225.The first writer who took the vernacular as a serious way of presenting reality after Mark Twain is______.（分数：2.00）A.Robert FrostB.Ernest HemingwayC.William Carlos WilliamsD.Sherwood Anderson6.Direct treatment of the "thing" , whether subjective or objective, is one of the poetic principles advocated by______.（分数：2.00）A.ImagistsB.RealistsC.NaturalistsD.Romanticists二、填空题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)7.Geoffrey Chaucer" s famous work 1contains 20-odd stories unified by a fictitious pilgrimage.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.In 1, Thomas More offers an ideal social system, with which people replace tyranny with 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.The definition that "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" was written by 1in 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Harold Pinter, who 1, is one of the most gifted English playwrights in the post-war period.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.In his 1Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy" s rise from 2to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.As a reflection of Hester Prynne" s moral development, the 1symbolically undergoes a gradual and imperceptible change from " 2"to "able" and last to "angel".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Known as African Americans" poet laureate, 1articulates the miseries and agonies of the blacks in face of racial discrimination.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、名词解释(总题数：3，分数：6.00)14.Briefly explain five—only the first Ave will be assessed in case more than five answers are provided—out of the following seven terms. Provide an example where you feel adequate. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)allegory（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Oedipus Complex（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.tragedy（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、问答题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)17.Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of American & British Literature . Answer any three of the following essay questions. Your answer is expected to have a clearly stated and focused central argument that is supported with discussion, explanation, examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary.(50 points) In what way does Daniel Defoe" s Robinson Crusoe reflect the history of British colonization in the 18 th century?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.Charles Dickens is believed to be basically an optimistic writer. Can you justify the view with reference to one of his novels?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.Emily Dickinson" s poetry abounds in images. In the best of her poems every word is a picture seen. Comment on the images in either "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" or "I Like to See It Lap the Miles".（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams successfully portrays a family of escapists. Explain how the theme of escapism is developed in this play.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.Marxist literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, deconstruction and feminist criticism are some of the popular approaches that Chinese students take in the study of literature. Try to explain any one of the four approaches to literature.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 作文22.Write in English an essay of approximately 300 words on one poem, story or play you have read from British or American literature of the twentieth century and comment on some very specific aspect of literary work. You are expected to write an essay with a clearly stated and focusedcentral argument that is supported with discussion, explanation , examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2009年考研英语真题原文及答案完整版

14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance
15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach
2009年考研英语真题原文及答案完整版
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with
18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise
19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile
Text1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative connotation.

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2009年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学（美国社会文化方向）考研真题I.Chinese-English Translation(40points)Directions:Please translate the following passage into English.Write your English version on the ANSWER SHEET.别样的告别雪村翻译家金隄先生去世后，告别活动“颇为不拘一格”。

其家人的告别邀请信中写道：“我们邀请各位朋友和我们一起庆祝他87年丰富的生活，纪念他一丝不苟的精神。

留几句话与他告别；喝一杯故乡的酒为他送行。

”那天，在音乐和花丛中，金先生的从容和欢乐，通过家人和朋友的娓娓诉说，弥漫开来，温暖着每个人。

这样的告别，不免让人心生感喟：通常，与逝者告别，往往是到那个肃穆的地方：哀乐低回，人们踽踽而过，低头，默哀，垂泪，悲不自胜，那哀伤似比寒风更彻骨。

人的生命，终会消失，如同晚秋的落叶终会飘向地面。

不忍分别是人之常情，但恐怕每一个逝者都不愿留给生者的只是哀伤的记忆。

记得夏衍走时，留给大家的是一曲深情的《绿叶青葱》；光未然走时，人们听到的依然是那激昂的《黄河颂》……人走了，如落叶归于泥土，如溪水流入江海……但落叶曾用青绿展现盎然生机；溪水一路丁冬，给人们带来无尽欢乐。

用一种别样的告别，不是更温暖和美好吗?II.English Writing(40points)Directions:In a recent essay published in People’s Daily,Wu Jianmin,former Chinese ambassador to France and former President of the Chinese Foreign Affairs University,says he shares the view that the greatest barrier against China’s further development is the distorted image of China to the world.Mr.Wu attributes distortion of the Chinese image partly to foreign media and partly to Chinese officials’inadequacy in cross cultural communication.Write an essay of approximately400words with a title of your own choice to comment on either one of Mr.Wu’s arguments:the greatest barrier against China’s further development or the importance of cross cultural communication.You are expected to argue either for or against one of Mr.Wu’s two arguments,to support a clearly stated central argument with discussion,explanation,examples, and other evidence,but not to sit on the fence.Please write the essay on the ANSWER SHEET.III.This part consists of six sections.Do the translation and answer the questions set for the program for which you are making the application.Write your answers or your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Section D:American Society and Culture(70points)[Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of American Society and Culture.]Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1.Explain the following(20points)1)The US Constitution1)The US Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world which was drawn up in1878.In the Constitutional Convention,delegates from each state discussed and designed a plan for a new form of government to strengthen the Articles of Confederation,which is called the Constitution of the United States.It acts as the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land.It has been the basis for the evolution of government institutions and for political stability,economic growth and social progress in the US.2)The Westward movement2)The Westward movement took place after the American Civil War.Miners went westbound in search of gold and silver.Farmers settled in Minnesota and the Dakotas.Cowboys grazed cattle on the plains of Texas and other western states. As they moved westward,they fought with the Indians for land.3)New England3)New England is made up of Maine,New Hampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.It was the chief center of the American War of Independence of1776and also the nation’s first industrial area.It is also known for its well-developed education and travel industry.4)Mayflower Compact4)In order to survive,the Pilgrims on the Mayflower needed a means of establishingand enforcing proper rules of conduct.Also they wanted to protect themselves from rebels within their own ranks,they signed the Mayflower Compact.It was the first formal agreement for self-government in America.2.Essay Questions(50points)Write a short paper of about250words on each of the following topics.1)What are the general principles of the form of US government?What functions does the government have?What are the three elements of the federal government?(15points)1)①There are two general principles of the form of US government,First,the US government must be a Federal system,in which power is divided by the written constitution between the federal(or central)government and the subordinate (state and local)governments.Second,the form of the US government must observe the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. According to this principle,the national government is divided into three branches:legislative,executive,and judicial.Each branch has part of the powers but not all the powers.And each branch of government can check,or block,the actions of the other.Thus these three branches are in balance.②The US government has three branches:the legislative branch,the executive branch and the judicial branch.The legislative branch mainly refers to the Congress,which is the only branch with the right to make federal laws.It also has the duties to levy federal taxes,declare war and implement foreign treaties.The executive branch includes the President,Vice President,Cabinet andDepartments under the Cabinet Members.This branch is mainly for governmental affairs,the implementation of policy and the general election.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court,whose major function is to determine whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the constitution.And it is also the only court to interpret the Constitution.The judicial branch’s function is to deal with judicial affairs.③Based on Montesquieu’s theory of the separation of powers,the three elements of the federal government are the legislative branch,the executive branch and the judicial branch.The powers of these three branches must be confided to different individuals or bodies,acting independently.2)What are the significances of the Emancipation Proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln?(15points)3)Comment on the possible trend of Sino American relations of the on-coming Obama’s era.(20points)。