词语理解及代词指代题
2020届二轮复习 阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。
有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in Paragraph...refers to “”．解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。
第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。
(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。
(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。
(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared thebelief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。
AThroughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤儿院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasn’t essential：7makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)．I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig 8pen.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The “hole”，as we referred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end I completed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn’t easy to create but was so rewarding to give.I’ve always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but I’ve never completely stepped foot onto the path until Guatemala.I’ve always tried to open my heart to everyone aroundme and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with thirty dollars a month，but it doesn’t seem enough.I’ll return there next summer a nd give more of my love for a whole month.When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.1．What resulted in the author’s decision to live a new life? A．Desire to help others.B．Decrease in his income.C．A knowledge of the orphans’ life.D．Awareness of the difficulty in his life.答案 C解析细节理解题。
高中英语阅读技巧理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题
高中英语阅读技巧理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题一、解题技巧★代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如it, they, them, one, that等）所指代的内容。
解这类题时，可根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。
★写作手法题这类题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。
常见的写作手法及提示语如下：1. 举例。
常见提示语有for example, for instance等。
2. 对比。
常见提示语有like, unlike, but, however, while 等。
3. 提供数据或研究结果。
常见提示语有statistics, research, study等。
4. 按照时间顺序。
除了明确表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有later, then, afterwards等。
5. 按照空间顺序。
常见提示语有in the distance, from the top, on the left / right等。
6. 按照逻辑顺序。
常见提示语有because, therefore, as a result, besides, in addition, in a word, in short等。
二、真题分析以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
[A]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us hadthe qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.（选自2017年全国卷II阅读理解B篇）【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
对某词或字或句的深刻含义的题的技巧和方法(最好有题练)
对某词或字或句的深刻含义的题的技巧和方法（最好有题练）一、常见题型：题型1、词语在特定语境中的含义（语境义）题型2、代词指代的内容题型3、词语可否省略、调换、是否矛盾题型4、动词、形容词的作用题型5、加点词语的思想感情2、常见题型分类讲解：题型1、词语在特定语境中的含义（语境义）（1）联系文章的中心思想理解词句在文中的含义。
从全文看，题目“轻轻地抱住母亲”中的“轻轻”一词用得很形象，请分析“轻轻”一词的含义。
“轻轻”写出了儿子抱着母亲时动作的轻柔以及那种生怕有所闪失的心理，(1分) 表现出对母亲的敬重、体贴……(符合题意即可)（2）联系人物形象理解词句在文中的含义。
①(瞎婆婆)用她那枯柴似的手颤颤抖抖地从灰蓝色的土布兜里掏出一张皱巴巴的一元钱。
②我颤抖着手从瞎婆婆手里接过那山一样沉重的“一元钱”，眼泪已经夺眶而出。
两个加点词的理解同样要联系文意和人物形象。
“颤颤抖抖”既是瞎婆婆年事已高的体现，也是她对来之不易的“一元钱”做出“送”的决定时的表现。
“颤抖”则是“我”见到瞎婆婆的举动后倍受感动的心情的表现。
（3）结合作者感情理解词句在文中的含义。
语言的感情色彩，是作者抒情成分的体现。
把握作者的感情色彩有利于准确地理解内容。
（4）联系上下文理解词句的含义。
如《孔乙己》：“我到现在终于没有见——大约孔乙己的确死了。
”“大约”表推测，“的确”表肯定，表面看自相矛盾不好理解，但联系上下文便可想到，孔乙己是生活在封建末世的下层知识分子，他的死活无人关心，只能用“大约”，从他饱经摧残又被打折双腿的幸遭遇看，必死无疑，所以用“的确”。
两个看似矛盾的词用在一起，既揭示了当时人们的冷漠麻木，又鞭挞了社会的黑暗、冷酷，表达了作者深沉冷峻的思考和对半封建半殖民地病态社会的批判。
有时，加点词语处于文中的总起句中，这就需要我们根据下文的具体表述来理解加点词语在文中的含义；有时加点词语处于文中的总结句中，则需要我们根据上文的具体表述来理解加点词语在文中的含义。
第3节 词语指代(阅读理解精品课件)
第3节词语指代一、总体分析4-5年级的阅读中，词语指代经常会考到，难度系数属于2星，只要找准位置和理解文段的意思了，基本不会出错。
二、独创“四步”阅读公式法1、考点分析：词语指代属于细节理解题，把握上下文的意思，即可答对。
2、常考题型：①XX词指什么内容？②XX词在文中具体指代什么？③文中划线句子里的XX词指什么？3、答题思路：①认真审题，在文中找到代词：这、那、这些、某个词等的位置。
②根据“就近原则”，即答案就在代词的附近，或者上文或者下文。
4、答题公式：代词指的是：可以用文章的原句回答；部分需要进行概括。
三、精选例题没有人喝彩的工作有一天，我从学校里跑出来，流着泪，很伤心地走回家。
妈妈抱着弟弟，站在门口。
弟弟向我招手，妈妈亲切地微笑着，欢迎我回来。
但是，我那带着眼泪的脸，使妈妈很惊奇。
她连忙拉着我的手，一边走进去，一边问我说：“为什么这般伤心？”我一边抹（māmǒ）着眼泪，一边呜咽（yan ye)道：“妈妈，我想要做的事，老师总不让我做呀！”“到底是什么事？”妈妈温和地问我。
“学校开家长会……要演节目……但是老师不让我当主角（jiǎo jué），却只要我在后台工……工作！那小龙平时很不爱文艺，这次反做了！”我呜呜咽咽，连话也说不清楚。
妈妈伸出手来，要我看看她戴着的手表。
“云，你看，这手表上面有些什么东西？”妈妈一面擦干我的眼泪，一面温和地问。
“那是一块玻璃，两根指针。
”我回答说。
妈妈把弟弟放在一旁脱下手表把表壳打开又问我说你看里面是些什么是小齿轮和螺丝这时我完全忘记了我的伤心事妈妈继续说：“当表的指针不走，或走得不准的时候，别人就会说‘这表是徒有外表’。
可是怎样才能使它会走，并且走得准确呢？就得靠这些小齿轮和螺丝，也就是这些别人看不到的部分。
”停了一会儿，妈妈又望着我意味深长地说：“这虽然是不被人注意的工作，但却是重要的，而且是不能够没有的工作。
”阅读考点分析考点分析：基础题——词语释义和标点1、联系上下文，解释下列词语。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)词句猜测题——代词指代类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(十一)词句猜测题——代词指代类A(2021·山东淄博一模)Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programmes may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to “provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.In my opinion, the protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape the cameras and microphones through lack of understanding of how their devices work and how the malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using the cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant the malware in your device. To prevent the malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online bank accounts.1.What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph2refer to?A.Cameras.B.Types.C.Programmes.D.Devices.2.What is NSO Group?A.A group of hackers.B.A company developing spyware.C.A group of terrorists and criminals.D.A company fighting against crime.3.Why does the author think “the protection technique is highly overestimated”?A.People know little about their devices.B.Hackers have no access to others.C.It hardly prevents the malware from getting privacy.D.It can’t cover the cameras completely.B(2021·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream. The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the programme, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic, however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the programme,” Kate said.After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.Now, having finished the programme and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.She credits the Upwind Scholarship for all she’s been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be something like ‘Oh, why don’t I try flying this summer?’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.”4.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph1refer to?A.Her skill of building model airplanes.B.Her wish to travel around the world.C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.D.Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.5.What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship?A.To help students in need to achieve their dreams.B.To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.C.To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.D.To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.6.What did Kate do in ground school?A.She took online lessons on flying.B.She went over the fundamentals of flying.C.She did some research into the pandemic.D.She finished applying for the programme.7.Which of the following best describes Kate?A.Confident and aggressive.B.Strong-willed and patient.C.Demanding and courageous.D.Ambitious and hard-working.C(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)Every four or five years, vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America. This phenomenon, El Niño, creates storms that cause destructive floods. The result is costly.Modern farmers come to terms with El Niño. They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones. But history suggests it need not be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaeologist in Lima, shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be “better”.Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan, a coastal desert plain in northern Peru. It is not suitable for farming. Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Niño years is usually less than two centimetres. Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did. But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms. She thought that they were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Niño years. Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure of this area seemed to have been built only for managing Niño-generated floodwaters.Evidence from pollen supports this theory, revealing that the Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years, while remaining nearly barren in others. The team also uncovered two cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, probably, were used to store extra floodwaters.These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niño, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived. Modern farmers might do well to learn from them.8.What does the recent study focus on?A.Living with El Niño.B.Effects of El Niño.C.Farming in the desert.D.Water shortage in Peru.9.What does the underlined word“they”in paragraph4refer to?A.Ancient farmers.B.Rivers.C.Farms.D.Canals.10.What lesson can be learned from early farmers?A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.B.In every difficulty lies an opportunity.C.Sharp tools make good work.D.It’s never too late to mend.11.In which section of a website may this text appear?cation.B.Travel.C.Business.D.Science.考点分类练(十一)词句猜测题——代词指代类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
09华图冲刺-言语(顾斐)
【例
4】日本、韩国等一些与中国临近的亚洲国家，其民族文化在形成过程中都不同程度地
受到了汉文化的影响，同时汉文化当中也汇入了这些国家的民族文化成分。因此，尽管在现
代文明中汉文化的内涵已经不能覆盖所有亚洲东部国家各民族文化的内容，但仍不失为这一
谐的一个条件是对于多样性的认同。中国人甚至在孔子之前就有了对于和谐的经典认识与体
现。中国古代的音乐艺术很发达，特别是一些中国乐器，像钟、磬、瑟等各种完全不同的乐
器按照一定的韵律奏出动听的音乐，但如果只有一种乐器就会非常单调。
这段文字的主旨是：（）
A．和谐源于中国古典音乐 B．差异是和谐的必要条件
否则，便不可能有这样的效果。
这段文字的主旨是：（）
A.幼儿的健康发展离不开结构游戏
B.幼儿教师与幼儿能力的形成有很大关系
C.合格的幼儿教师应掌握结构游戏的教法
D.幼儿对造型艺术的审美能力有赖于结构游戏
二、意图推断题
【提问方式】
1．这段文字意在表明、说明、阐明的是；
架内建立一种起码的道德底线。
这段文字的主旨是（）
A.提倡建立底线文明
B.批判儒家思想的缺陷
C.批判地继承儒家思想
D.应创造什么样的新文化
【例
7】汽车是对环境影响较大的商品，汽车厂商支持环保事业、进行环保宣传，似乎是理
所应当的。环保应当是汽车企业在发展中必须认真考虑的因素，不过要求汽车企业没有利润
40％--60％。
【提问方式】
1．这段文字主要讨论（强调、说明、阐述、阐明、意思）是；
2．这段文字的核心观点（内容、论点）是；
部编版四年级词语解释、指代以及原因分析题
个性化教学辅导教案学生姓名年级四年级学科语文上课时间教师姓名课题词语解释、指代以及原因分析题教学目标理解、解释词语，提高对文章的阅读理解能力。
教学过程一、读拼音，写词语。
bǎo lěi diāo kèɡōnɡ diàn zhìhuì()()()()qìpòjiàn zhùchónɡɡāo zhùzi()() ()()答案：堡垒雕刻宫殿智慧气魄建筑崇高柱子二、给加点的字选择正确的读音，画“√”。
几(jījǐ)乎画舫(fānɡfǎnɡ)堤(dītí)岸千乘(shènɡchénɡ)答案：jīfǎnɡdīshènɡ三、按要求填空。
1．给带点的字选择合适的解释，把序号填在( )里。
游览胜．地：①赢②超过③优美的 ( ③ )地大物博．：①多②知道得多③用行为换得 ( ① )惟妙．惟肖：①奇巧，神奇②美，好 ( ① )2．下面句子运用了哪些修辞手法，请选择填空比喻拟人反问夸张(1) 危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。
( 夸张 )答：2.从文中介绍看，癌细胞为什么能够"永生"？答：3.上文第二段运用的主要说明方法是___________，第三段运用的主要说明方法是_________________.4.第二段未尾一句为什么要用"也许"一词？答：答案：1、介绍两种永生的细胞。
或：说明两种细胞可以"永生".2、因为它能与病毒或其它生命物质发生信息交换，从而使自身生命不息。
3、作比较、举例子。
4、因为作者认为海弗利克的研究结果是否真正揭示了永生的奥秘，还不十分肯定。
王元用数学知识买瓜中关村每到盛夏，八十二楼门口总有个大号的西瓜摊，摊主是个歪脖子大兴人，姓魏，挑西瓜不用敲，用耳朵贴上听，十拿九稳。
因为这个绝活儿，这位在中关村的小摊贩里位列八大怪。
2013年国考行测言语理解词语解释与代词指代题解题技巧
2013年国考行测言语理解：词语解释与代词指代题解题技巧在行测言语理解与表达中，对于词语理解与代词指代题有两种比较特殊的题目，需要我们注意。
一是词语理解题中，文段是以比喻的手法写成的，并且提问的是理解“喻体”这个词语指的是。
二是，代词指代题中，针对代词“前者和后者”的题目。
针对以上两类题目，有非常准确的解题技巧：第一类，寻找本体，因为比喻是将两个具有相似特征的事物进行对比，所以只要找到喻体的主要特征，并在文中寻找具有相似特征的事物，即是本体也就答案。
如：病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。
对于世界经济而言，状况同样如此。
在金融海啸的冲击下，短短几个月内，危机愈演愈烈，世界经济呈现出风雨飘摇之势。
而相对于危机来势之迅猛，危机消退则要缓慢得多。
2010年，世界经济注定将走在“病后初愈”的漫漫康复之路上。
文中“病来如山倒，病去如抽丝”中的“病”指的是（）A.世界经济B.金融海啸C.世界经济危机D.正在复苏的世界经济解析：文段是用“病”比喻一个事物，因此“病”指的就是这个被比喻的本体。
“病”的特征是“来如山倒，去如抽丝”，也就是“来的快，去的慢”。
因此，回到文中找到一个事物也具备“病”的这个特征，就是我们的答案。
根据“相对于危机来势之迅猛，危机消退则要缓慢得多”可以看出“危机”具备这个特征，即“病”的本体就是“经济危机”。
所以答案为C。
同样的方法可以运用到其他此类的题目中，如中国消费信贷市场的现状，使得对中国银行业投入巨资的西方银行在信用卡业务上仍是投资，没有盈利。
不过，外资银行对中国信用卡市场并没有失去信心。
虽然中国的消费者没有透支消费的习惯，而这个“硬币”的另一面是中国居民的个人负债率很低，中国内地的个人消费信用市场才刚刚开始发展，这对外资银行是极具吸引力的。
这段文字中“硬币”指代的是（）A.中国银行业B.中国消费信贷市场C.中国消费者的消费习惯D.中国居民的经济状况解析：“硬币”的特征是有正反对立的两面，而文中具有对立两面的只有中国消费习惯，一面为没有透支，直接对应的另一面就是个人负载率低，所以答案为C。
代词指代题的做题方法
代词指代题的做题方法
代词指代题是语文考试中常见的题型之一，要想正确做好这类题目，需要掌握以下方法：
1. 充分理解前后文：代词指代的是前面出现的名词或代词，因此要理解前面的文意，特别是前面的名词或代词所代表的对象。
2. 理解代词的词义：不同的代词有不同的词义，例如“他”可以指代男性，而“她”则是指代女性，在做题时一定要注意。
3. 注意代词的单复数和格：代词的单复数和格也会影响其所指代的对象，例如“他们”与“他”所指代的对象不同，要注意这些细节。
4. 利用题干信息：有些代词指代题的答案可以在题干中找到，例如题干中出现的名词或代词可以帮助确定代词所指代的对象。
5. 掌握常见的代词指代：在做题时要掌握常见的代词指代，例如“它”可以指代动物或物体，“自己”可以指代自己等。
通过以上方法，可以更好地做好代词指代题，提高语文考试的成绩。
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代词指代练习题
代词指代练习题代词是语言中非常重要的一部分，它用来代替名词，使得句子更加简洁明了。
在使用代词时，我们需要注意代词的指代问题，确保代词与它所指代的名词在句子中具有一致性。
为了帮助大家提高对代词指代的理解和应用，本文将提供一些代词指代练习题。
练习题一：单一代词的指代1. Lisa loves to read. ____ reads every day.2. Jack is a great musician. ____ plays the guitar beautifully.3. The dog is hungry. ____ wants to be fed.4. The children are playing in the park. ____ are having a lot of fun.5. Kate is a talented artist. ____ paints beautiful landscapes.练习题二：复合代词的指代1. The blue car is mine, and the red one is ____.2. John bought two books. One is green, and ____ is blue.3. Mary is going to the party with her friends. ____ are excited about it.4. I have two cats. One is big, and ____ is small.5. There are many boxes on the shelf. Some are empty, and ____ are full.练习题三：指代之前名词的替代1. Julie has a dog. ____ dog is very friendly.2. The computer is broken. ____ needs to be repaired.3. There are some books on the table. You can borrow ____ if you want.4. The cake is delicious. ____ tastes amazing.5. My parents have a big house. ____ house has a beautiful garden.练习题四：指代之前名词的补充1. The children went to the park, and ____ played on the swings.2. Lisa bought new shoes. She loves ____ very much.3. Tom has a bike. He rides ____ to school every day.4. There are some apples on the tree. I want to pick ____.5. My sister is a doctor. ____ helps people and saves lives.练习题五：上下文中的代词指代根据下面的对话，选择合适的代词填入空格。
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代-2021年高考英语阅读理解精讲精练 (解析版)
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代代词指代题旨在考查学生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。
文章中的代词this，that, it，they，them等可以指上文提到的人或物。
其中it和that还可以指一件事。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
“3步法”解题此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等）究竟指代什么。
具体方法：（1）返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...).（2）向上（有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子（就近原则）。
（3）将找到的词、词组或句子代人替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
[微点拨]理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。
考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。
要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代ADo you make money by doing small jobs? If you do, you may have heard of the idea of spending only some of it, saving some of it and donating (捐赠) some to people who need it more．The head of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and his wife announced they were giving away 99% of their money from Facebook during their lives to help others！That alone is amazing considering most people donate about 3% to 5% of the money they have．It’s even more amazing when you realize they’re donating about D|S45 billion．That’s D|S45,000,000,000！！！！Don’t worry．They’ll still have about D|S455 million to live on!They made this decision partly because they had a baby girl, Max, and thought about what kind of world they’d like her to grow up in．It must be an amazing feeling to have that kind of money spent on people in need．Mark Zuckerberg is one of the richest persons in the world, so most of us will never know what that would be like．But we don’t have to be super wealthy to make meaningful change．Sometimes change can come from change!Tenyearold Joey Roth from America started saving up change he found anywhere —around his house, on the street, on his way to school ．．．And then he started putting it in a jar (广口瓶)．He even asked the tooth fairyto donate some change in his letter to her after he lost a tooth! (The tooth fairy is an imaginary person．) His collection, Jar for Change, has grown into a communitywide effort and he has raised over D|S10,000 all from people dropping coins into jars! The money he raises goes to help connect parents with their very sick babies．See what these people have done? You, too, can make a difference— no matter how old you are, where you live and how much you earn!1．How much would most people donate if they had 10,000 yuan?A．30－50 yuan．B．50－100 yuan．C．300－500 yuan． D．500－1,000 yuan．2．Mark Zuckerberg and his wife decided to make such a donation partly because of ________．A．Joey Roth B．their daughterC．their education D．their childhood3．What does the underlined word “that”in the third paragraph refer to?A．Making money．B．Spending money unwisely．C．Being the richest person in the world．D．Giving away D|S45 billion to help others．4．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Joey Roth’s story?A．Everyone can help others．B．Giving makes people happy．C．Pocket money can be helpful．D．Giving is better than receiving．BThere is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should not only embrace our heritage (遗产) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article?A．To help motivate homesickness.B．To show national identity.C．To reflect a country’s history.D．To show a community’s superiority.6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The specific traditional food.B．The national culture.C．A traditional expression of food.D．The old-fashioned taste.7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.C．To make the dishes popular among customers.D．To present their own food culture in a new way.8．What’s he author’s attitude toward different food cultures?A．Negative.B．Balanced.C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.CAlong with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreen ed and foreign movies dubbed (译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance ofChinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home-made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.9．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?A．Popularity of televisions.B．Development of online cinemas.C．A slowdown in economic growth.D．Introduction of overseas movies.10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The space of Chinese movies.B．The Chinese film industry.C．The socialist market economy.D．The introduction of reform and opening up.11．What does the author indicate in the end?A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.B．The film screening technology is key to films' success.C．The Internet is a two-edged sword for the film industry.D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.12．What would be the best title for the text?A．The Ever-changing Film MarketB．Popular Online FilmsC．Advanced Film TechnologiesD．Flourishing Chinese Films答案A语篇解读：不是一定要有很多钱才能帮助别人，我们也可以从小处做起。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如that, this, it, they, them, one等）所指代的内容。
此类题目主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
解答代词指代题时，也可按照上期所讲的解答名词（短语）指代题的步骤，将选项代入划线词所在句，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑。
此外，了解一定的语篇照应（指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系）知识也有助于解答代词指代题。
比如，一般来说，this和these既可用于前照应，又可用于后照应，但that 和those通常只用于前照应。
因此，寻找that和those指代的内容时，只需要关注上文内容即可。
下面我们结合高考真题对这种题型的解题技巧具体说明。
例1：（2020年新高考英语全国I卷C篇，保留原题号，下同）In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. ...9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【分析】本文是说明文。
三年级代词练习题
三年级代词练习题代词是指代名词的词语，在句子中起到替代名词的作用。
在学习语法的过程中，掌握代词的用法对于提高语言表达能力非常重要。
本文将为三年级学生提供一些有关代词的练习题，帮助他们巩固并提升代词的运用能力。
练习一：选择适当的代词填空1. 请把__书还给__。
2. 我们要对__好好照顾。
3. 奶奶给__做了一顿可口的饭菜。
4. 张明和__正在一起玩。
5. 妈妈让__把__的房间整理干净。
练习二：改写句子中的代词1. 她有一本漫画书。
→ __有一本漫画书。
2. 那只小猫非常可爱。
→ __非常可爱。
3. 我们应该尊重他的意见。
→ 我们应该尊重__的意见。
4. 他告诉了我一个好消息。
→ __告诉了我一个好消息。
5. 她和我一起去了图书馆。
→ __和我一起去了图书馆。
练习三：填入恰当的代词1. 你有__吗？2. 他对__说：“谢谢你的帮助！”3. __的帽子在哪儿？4. 班里有10个学生，__都很聪明。
5. 他们买了一束鲜花，__送给了妈妈。
练习四：改写句子中的名词为代词1. 那本书是我的。
→ __是__的。
2. 这个玩具归他所有。
→ 这个玩具归__所有。
3. 我和朋友一起去了公园。
→ __和__一起去了公园。
4. 这些花都是给妈妈的。
→ __都是给妈妈的。
5. 她帮助了我很多。
→ __帮助了我很多。
练习五：连词成句1. 可以给能把你的笔我吗用？2. 她他是是吗同学？3. 回家等等，现在我请喝来一杯汽水。
4. 我都我准备第一，因为遇到早到。
5. 在吃电影看前，我先饭。
通过上述的练习题，相信学生们对代词的使用能够有更深入的了解和掌握。
代词作为语法中重要的一部分，使用准确能够使语言表达更加简洁明了，帮助我们更好地与他人交流。
希望同学们平时多加练习，不断提升自己的语言能力。
高考英语复习之阅读理解代词指代题课件
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.
代词的作用： 代替名词或一句话
Pronouns substitute in for regular nouns(普通名词) and proper nouns(专有名词) to avoid unnecessary repetition(避免重复) of the same words over and over again.
三 解题步骤
1.向前指代 答案在代词上一句或两句处（前一句有序数词）
2.数的一致 指代的名词单复数和代词的单复数一致
3.逻辑判断
判断是人/物/事，或者与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系(主 谓关系或动宾关系)
73. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“______”. A. The local farmers B. Masqsood and Iftekhar C. Drayton and his team D. the poor people in Dhaka
五年级英语指示代词指代单选题50题
五年级英语指示代词指代单选题50题1. There is a pen on the desk. This pen is red. That pen is blue. Which pen is yours?A. ThisB. ThatC. The答案：A。
本题考查指示代词“this”和“that”的用法。
“this”指离说话人较近的物品，“that”指离说话人较远的物品。
在这个场景中，提到的红色的笔离说话人较近，所以用“this”，而蓝色的笔离说话人较远，用“that”。
这里问的是“哪支笔是你的”，根据前文描述，红色的笔离说话人近，所以应该选 A 选项“this”。
2. The teacher is in the classroom. This is my teacher. That is your teacher. Who is our teacher?A. ThisB. ThatC. The答案：A。
“this”表示近指，“that”表示远指。
在这个句子中，说“这是我的老师”，指的是离说话人较近的老师，所以用“this”，B 选项“that”指较远的，不符合语境。
C 选项“the”是定冠词，在此处不符合表达习惯。
因此选择A 选项。
3. Look at the girls. This girl is tall. That girl is short. Which girl is Lily?A. ThisB. ThatC. The答案：B。
“this”指较近的，“that”指较远的。
根据描述，高的女孩离说话人近，矮的女孩离说话人远，问“哪个女孩是莉莉”，如果莉莉是矮的那个女孩，就应该用“that”，所以选B 选项。
4. I have two books. This book is interesting. That book is boring. Which book do you like?A. ThisB. ThatC. The答案：A。
代词指代题常见类型
代词指代题常见类型代词是一种代替名词或词组的词，它们在句子中起着重要的作用。
在阅读理解中，代词指代题是一种常见的题型，要求考生根据上下文判断代词所指代的对象。
本文将介绍代词指代题的常见类型，帮助大家更好地理解代词在句子中的作用。
1. 名词性代词的指代名词性代词通常用来代替名词或名词短语，例如：it、that、which 等。
在句子中，名词性代词的指代通常与前面的名词有关。
例如：The book is interesting. I want to read it.（it指代前面的book）2. 形容词性代词的指代形容词性代词通常用来代替形容词或形容词短语，例如：my、his、whose等。
在句子中，形容词性代词的指代通常与前面的形容词有关。
例如：He is my friend.（my指代前面的he）3. 介词短语中的代词指代介词短语中的代词指代通常与介词短语中的名词有关。
例如：She is a student of mine.（mine指代前面的“a student of”）4. 动词后宾语中的代词指代动词后宾语中的代词指代通常与动词的宾语有关。
例如：Do you know what he likes?（what指代前面的动词like）5. 并列短语中的代词指代并列短语中的代词指代通常与并列短语中的名词有关。
例如：He has two brothers, one is a doctor, the other is a teacher.（the other指代前面的“one”）6. 长句中的代词指代在长句中，代词的指代可能更加复杂。
考生需要仔细阅读上下文，判断代词所指代的对象。
例如：She said she would help me with my homework, but she didn’t.（she指代前面的“She”）。
五年级英语指示代词指代单选题50题
五年级英语指示代词指代单选题50题1. This is my new pen. ______ is very nice.A. ItB. TheyC. TheseD. Those答案：A。
本题考查指示代词this 的用法，this 指代单数物品，其后需要用单数代词it 来指代，B 选项they 用于复数，C 选项these 是复数，D 选项those 也是复数，均不符合题意。
2. These are my friends. ______ are very friendly.A. HeB. SheC. TheyD. It答案：C。
These 表示复数，所以其后要用复数代词they 来指代，A 选项he 是单数，B 选项she 是单数，D 选项it 是单数，都不符合。
3. Look! This is my classroom. ______ is big and clean.A. ItB. TheyC. TheseD. Those答案：A。
This 指代单数的classroom，要用单数代词it 来指代，B 选项they 是复数，C 选项these 是复数，D 选项those 是复数，均不正确。
4. These are my books. ______ are on the desk.A. ItB. TheyC. ThisD. That答案：B。
These 表示复数，其后要用they 来指代，A 选项it 是单数，C 选项this 是单数，D 选项that 是单数，不符合复数的要求。
5. This is my teacher. ______ is kind.A. ItB. TheyC. SheD. He答案：C。
This 指代单数的人，且从teacher 可判断为女性，所以用she，A 选项it 用于物，B 选项they 用于复数，D 选项he 用于男性，均不符合。
6. Look at that toy car on the floor. It's _____.A. mineB. yoursC. hisD. hers答案：A。
2023年高考英语阅读理解备考策略专题06 阅读理解之词意推断与代词指代
专题06 阅读理解之词意推断与代词指代一．（2022·青海海东·一模）There are people living in almost every corner of our crowded planet. From the tops of mountains to deep underground, we’ve always been able to find habitable places to make a home. But with space at apremium (稀少), we’ve started to look even deeper for somewhere to live.Throughout history, people have been fascinated by the idea of living underwater. More recently, the effects of human activity on the land have led some to look to the oceans for natural resources. Oceanographers and architects have looked at designing vessels, labs and underwater habitats to enable people to live and work in a underwater world. But, while dreams of an underwater city have remained a fantasy, how close are we to making our home on the seabed a reality?The pioneer of undersea living was Ian Koblick. He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies supporting up to a hundred people. He even opened La Chalupa, once the largest and most advanced underwater habitat and research facility in the world.A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation, it’s-a huge transparent globe attached to the seabed. It’s got a tower running through it to the surface, providing space for homes, offices and even an amusement park for five thousand residents.Of course, there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis. And living underwater would have major effects on the human body, especially as there is an increase in atmospheric pressure, which could lead to the bends. So, maybe it’s too soon to be packing our bags and setting up a new life three thousand metres under the sea!1．Why are people looking forward to living underwater?A．Space on land is in short supply.B．Living underwater is very easy.C．The world underwater is fantastic.D．They are tired of living on land.2．What’s the author’s attitude towards living underwater?A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Negative.D．Objective.3．What can we infer from the passage?A．Living underwater does harm to the human body.B．Ocean Spiral can contain five thousand residents.C．People can look forward to the future of underwater life.D．We can pack our bags and set up a new life underwater.4．Where is this text most likely from?A．A journal of history.B．A science website.C．An international newspaper.D．A travel guidebook.二．（2022·吉林吉林·模拟预测）According to Jim Coan, a psychologist from the University of Virginia, holding hands with someone you trust can have a positive effect on your health. Why? Researchers have shown in their studies that the simple act of touch can reduce stress and even lower heart rate.In a study, Jim and his colleagues brought couples into the lab, and then put one of them in an fMRI machine to scan the activity in their brains. While scanning them, the participants looked at a screen, and on a series of tests, they either saw a green circle or a red “X”. A green circle meant that the test would end shortly and nothing else would happen. A red “X”meant that in a few seconds, there was a chance that they would receive a mild electric shock on their leg. The shock wasn’t painful, but it wasn’t exactly comfortable either.During some of these tests, participants were in the fMRI scanner alone; during others, a researcher came in and held their hand; and on a final set of tests, their romantic partner came in and held their hand. Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought theymight be getting a shock, they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partner’s hand than in the other two conditions. And the happier the couples said they were in their relationships, the more the romantic partner’s hand lessened (减弱) the brain’s response to the shock. This study suggests that when we’re stressed, holding a loved one’s hand can reduce that stress.The research also suggests that touch has immediate and positive effects on babies. Skin-to-skin contact can reduce crying, stress, and improve sleep. These effects can belong-lasting: adults, held a lot when they were babies, are the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted —in fact, the more they were carried in babyhood, the better they adjust in adulthood.5．How would a participant probably feel when seeing a red “X”?A．Nervous.B．Excited.C．Hopeful.D．Painful.6．Why did researchers do sets of tests in the study?A．To make sure the study results are correct.B．To compare brain activities in different cases.C．To test the relationships between couples.D．To check the functions of the fMRI scanner.7．According to the last paragraph, what may the writer agree with?A．Babies should be held and carried as much as possible.B．Babies’problems can be solved mainly by touching.C．The effects that touching has on babies don’t last long.D．Adults who were not held as babies can’t adjust to society.8．Which of the following might be the most suitable title for the text?A．Touch Improves Brain FunctionB．Touch Happens EverywhereC．Touch Helps Form Good HabitsD．Touch Makes a Big Difference答案一．（2022·青海海东·一模）【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
代词指代题精讲
题型综述在片段阅读中还存在着这样一种题型，要求考生理解文中出现代词所指代的具体含义，这种题目我们称之为“代词指代题”。
这种题目属于比较成熟的题型，在中央国家机关及地方省市公务员考试中时有考查，考查的载体可以是片段阅读，也可以是篇章阅读。
通常提问的方式有：上“文中这‘，指的是” 、上“文中此‘，指代的是”、文“中他‘们'是指”、请“问那‘些，指代的是” 、句“中的后者，指的是” 、文“中它‘ '指代的是”等等。
事实上这种题目的难度并不大，只要考生掌握了正确的答题方法就可以顺利作答。
代词指代题主要有指代临近原则与主语话题原则两种。
技法点晴一、指代临近原则指的是代词所指代的内容一般应该是在句法结构上和它靠近的词语。
如“王刚写文章抨击小李，说他是个欺世盗名的小人。
”这一句子中的他“”应该指代小“李” ，因为他“”是指代人，句子中提到了两个人，一个是“王刚” ，一个是“小李” ，而“小李”离代词的句法位置比“王刚”要近得多，因此“他”优选指代“小李”。
二、主语话题原则指的是句子中的代词一般来说和句子或者话题的所指相同，这一原则尤其在句群和篇章中更为适用。
如：老“太太真的以为自己的房子要被拆了，急坏了的她立即赶到交道口办事处、规划局咨询，当她得到不拆的答复后，放心了”这里的几处“她”都指整个段落的话题“老太太”。
【精讲】由于代词词性功能的限制，所指代的通常为名词或名词性结构，根据指代临近原则和主语语题原则通常其指代的对角不会很远，因此考生在作答过和中只需瞻前顾后，考虑代词出现位置的前句和后句，考虑话题的一致性，考点，代词指代题中主要考查人称代词和指示代词的指代关系。
一、人称代词如你“、我、他、她、它、你们、我们、她们、它们、”指代的必然是人或动物，通常在句中做主语，因此在进行辩别时首先将指代事物的选项排除，指代人的优选，重点观察主语的内涵。
二、指示代词如“这、那、这些、此”等可能指人也可能指物，一般指物较多，不过也需要结合具体题目进行分析，以免造成误选。