汉英比较翻译教程 第14单元

第14单元I 提示同第4单元II 译法要点5.1变通：OSV→SVO 5.2非谓语动词时态的语义色彩（I）5.3 互文性 5.4 直译：名词化形容词5.5 互文性：主题意象 5.6 互文性：普通名词与专有名词5.7创新：专有名词 5.8 译文的多样性：短语表达5.9误用：动词短语 5.10误用：状语的逻辑主语5.11非谓语动词的时态语义色彩（II） 5.12误用：动词5.13回译：后置时间状语从句 5.14矛盾修辞与Oxymoron5.15误用：虚拟语气结构 5.16呼应：语段中的时态5.17回译：互文词 5.18暗喻与Metaphor5.19 变通：合译（同位语从句）III 原文与译文【原文】向日葵（II）解放了，我到北京工作，这幅画却没有带来；总觉得这幅画面与当时四周的气氛不相合拍似的。

因为解放了，周围已没有落寞之感，一切都沉浸在节日的欢乐之中。

但是曾几何时，我又怀念起这幅画来了。

似乎人就像是这束向日葵，即使在落日的余辉里，都拼命要抓住这逐渐远去的夕阳。

我想起了深绿色的那面墙，它一时掩没了这一片耀眼的金黄；我曾经努力驱散那随着我身影的孤寂，在作无望的挣扎。

以后星移斗转，慢慢这一片金黄，在我的记忆里也不自觉地淡漠起来，逐渐疏远得几乎被遗忘了。

十年动乱中，我被谪放到南荒的劳改农场，每天做着我力所不及的劳役，心情惨淡得自己也害怕。

有天我推着粪车，走过一家农民的茅屋，从篱笆里探出头来的是几朵嫩黄的向日葵，衬托在一抹碧蓝的天色里。

我突然想起了上海寓所那面墨绿色墙上挂着的梵高的《向日葵》。

我忆起那时家庭的欢欣，三岁的女儿在学着大人腔说话，接着她也发觉自己学得不像，便嬉嬉笑了起来，爬上桌子指着我在念的书，说“等我大了，我也要念这个”。

而现在眼前只有几朵向日葵招呼着我，我的心不住沉落又漂浮，没个去处。

以后每天拾粪，即使要多走不少路，也宁愿到这处来兜个圈。

我只是想看一眼那几朵慢慢变成灰黄色的向日葵，重温一些旧时的欢乐，一直到有一天农民把熟透了的果实收藏了进去。

我记得那一天我走过这家农家时，篱笆里孩子们正在争夺丰收的果实，一片笑声里夹着尖叫；我也想到了我远在北国的女儿，她现在如果就夹杂在这群孩子的喧哗中，该多幸福！但如果她看见自己的父亲，衣衫褴褛，推着沉重的粪车，她又作何感想？我噙着眼里的泪水往回走。

我又想起了梵高那幅《向日葵》，他在画这画时，心头也许远比我尝到人世更大的孤凄，要不他又为什么画出行将衰败的花朵呢？但他也梦想欢欣，要不他为什么要用这耀眼的黄色作底呢？梵高的《向日葵》已经卖入富人家，可那幅复制品，却永远陪伴着我的记忆；难免想起作画者对生活的疯狂渴望。

人的一生尽管有多少波涛起伏，对生活的热爱却难能泯灭。

阳光的金色不断出现在我的眼前，这原是梵高的《向日葵》说出了我未能一表的心思。

【译文】译文1Sunflowers（II）After liberation I was transferred to Beijing to work and I failed to bring the picture with me. At that time I always felt that this picture did not suit with the surrounding atmosphere. For after liberation, I felt no loneliness but immersed and surrounded by happiness. Before long, I began to miss the picture again. It seems as if man is like this sunflower, even in his after-life he still struggles to grasp the departing sun. Thus, I thought of the dark green wall and felt it had absorbed this brilliant golden light for the time being. In vain, I struggled to drive away this lonely feeling which followed me like a shadow. With the lapse of time, the scene of golden yellow gradually faded in my memory and slowly became so estranged that it was almost forgotten.During the ten years of turmoil here I was sent to labour in a reform-through-labour farm in the south wasteland. Every day I toiled beyond my physical capacity and was so dismal at heart that I became afraid of it. One day, when I was pushing a dung-cart by a peasant’s hut , I noticed some tender yellow sunflowers stretching their heads over the fence into the vast blue sky. Sudd enly I was reminded ofVan Gogh’s “Sunflower” hanging on the dark green wall in my Shanghai flat. I could recall my family happiness then and my three-year-old girl who said something in imitation of a grown-up’s voice. When she found herself not good at do ing so, she burst out laughing. She bent down on the desk and said pointing to the book I was reading:”When I become a grown-up, I want to read this book, too.” Now, there were only a few sunflowers to greet me before my eyes and I felt upset at not knowing where to go. From then on, every day when I was collecting dung, I always took that same path. I didn’t mind if it meant a much longer distance. I only wanted to have a look at all the sunflowers which were gradually becoming greyish yellow and review my past happiness. One day the peasants collected the rip seeds and stored them away. I remember that day when I was walking past that peasant’s home, the children on the fence were snatching the harvest fruits. Amid their laughter I heard some sharp cries. I thought of my daughter who was living in the far north and how happy she would be if she was among those children and their joy! But if she saw her father pushing a heavy dung-cart in shabby clothes, what would she have thought of? I returned with my eyes full of tears. I again thought of Van Gogh’s painting “Sunflower”. Maybe when he was painting this picture, he was suffering a great loneliness. If not, how could he have painted such sunflowers which were going to fade? But he was too dreaming of happiness. If not, why did he use such a brilliant yellow colour as the thebottom?Van Gogh’s “Sunflower” has been sold to the rich, but that reproduction will always live in my memory. I can not refrain from thinking about the painter’s crazy desire towards li fe. In spite of the many twists and turns in life, one’s love for life will never be eliminated. The golden rays of the sun continuously appear before my eyes. This is what Van Gogh’s “Sunflower” has expressed what I did not say.译文2Sunflowers（II）After liberation in 1949 I was transferred to Beijing. I did not take the painting with me, as I felt that it was quite out of tune with the milieu of the time. In the liberated society we were immersed in a festival atmosphere and there was not slightest suggestion of loneliness. But soon I began to be missing the painting again. It seemed as if man, like this bunch of sunfloweres, would try to hang on to the setting sun in its afterglow. I thought of that dark green wall that seemed to have engulfed the brilliant yellow. I tried desperately to disperse the loneliness that followed me like a shadow but in vain. With the passage of time the golden yellow in my memory grew dim and gradually it was almost forgotten.During the chaotic ten years(1966-76) I was banished to a farm in Nanhuang to reform through labor. I was forced to work beyond my endurance and I was in such a gloomy state of mind that I often found myself scared. One day as I was pushing a dung-cart past a farmer’s thatched hut, I saw some fresh yellowish sunflowers, against a blue sky, craning out of its fence. They reminded me of the “Sunflowers” on the dark green wall in my house in Shanghai, calling back to mind the joys of the family: our three-year-old daughter was trying to speak the way adults do and, when she realized that her mimicking was funny, she giggled and then, climbing up to the desk and pointing to the book I was reading, said, “When I am grown, I will read this too .” But now in front there were only a few sunflowers nodding at me and my heart began to sink and float around, not knowing where to stop. Since then each time I went dung-collecting, I would go and pass that hut even if it meant more walk in the round of my daily journey. I wanted to see the sunflowers that were turning grayish yellow, reminiscing the cheerfulness of the days gone by, until one day the farmer got the crops in. When I passed the farmer’s hut that day, I heard some kids laughing and screaming over the fence, each trying to get a fair share of the seeds from the crops. I then thought of my daughter in the far north. How excited she would be if she were among the kids, making noises with them. However, if she had seen her own dad pushing the heavy dung-cart in the shabby clothes as they were, how would that have made her feel? I was on my way back with tears in my eyes and my thoughts turned to van Gogh and his “Sunflowers” again. When he was working on the painting, he might have felt more loneliness and misery of life, otherwise why did he paint the petals about to wither? However, I believed he had also dreamed of joy, or why should he have placed the petals against an intense yellow background?Now van Gogh’s “Sunflower” has become a rich man’s private property but that reproduction of the painting lives on in my memory, reminding me of the artist’s crazy lust for life. Though one has ups and downs to face down the road, his love for life is hard to fade away. That the golden color of the sunshine keeps popping up before my eyes is an in dication that van Gogh’s “Sunflowers” speaks for what I have been unable to bring out from my heart.IV 比较分析与译法（1）解放了，我到北京工作，这幅画却没有带来；总觉得这幅画面与当时四周的气氛不相合拍似的。