【外研版选修八教案Module5】Module 5 Section Ⅱ

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A witness (目击者) is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.
2．Contemporary art has taken a huge leap (飞跃) forward in the last five or six years.
3．Jackie and Ben came to a joint (共同的) decision as to where they would live.
4．Hearing that his son died in the fight, he burst (爆发) into tears.
5．The television was tuned (收看) in to an afternoon soap opera just now.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．accustomed adj.习惯的→accustom v．使习惯于
2．historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→historical adj.有关历史的→history n．历史
3．assume v．假定，假设→assumption n．假想
4．patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的
5．advanced adj.高级的，先进的→advance v．前进
[巧记单词
Ⅲ.
1．set foot on踏上
2．slow down 减速
3．be/become accustomed to 习惯于
4．be aware of 意识到
5．make it 做成，成功
6．in shock 处在震惊中
7．in spite of 不管，尽管
8．at the very beginning of ... 在……一开始的时候
1．[教材原句]American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon.
美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。

[句型点拨]the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语)。

[佳句赏析]他的下个月要出版的第一本书基于一件真事。

His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
2．[教材原句]Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.
数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。

[句型点拨]独立主格结构。

[佳句赏析]天空乌云密布，很快就要下雨。

Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon.
3．[教材原句]An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.
一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。

[句型点拨]be to do sth.结构表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。

[佳句赏析]他们明天上午十点钟将一起去拜访老师。

They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at ten tomorrow morning.
4．[教材原句]The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。

[句型点拨]no ＋比较级＋than “同……一样不……”。

[佳句赏析]他与她一样不聪明。

He is no clever than
her.
1．Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. (P58)
自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。

★accustomed adj.习惯的
①She took her accustomed place at the end of the table.
She was a person accustomed to having (have) eight hours' sleep a night.
她是那种习惯每晚睡8小时的人。

③It took a while for me to accustom_myself_to all the new rules and regulations.
我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。

2．Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. (P58)
数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。

★their hearts in their mouths 为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。

独立主格结构在形式上不是一个完整的句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子。

①The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand .
那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。

独立主格结构的构成：
(1)名词/代词＋形容词/副词
(2)名词/代词＋分词/不定式(3)名词/代词＋介词(短语)
(4)名词/代词＋名词
②Weather permitting (permit), we will go for an outing tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

③The experiment done (do), the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。

3．But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV.(P58)
但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。

★witness v．目击：亲眼看见；亲身经历n.目击者，见证人，证人
①Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack.
几位居民声称目击了这次袭击事件。

②The witness was telling about the whole accident.
He witnessed_to_having_seen the man enter the building.
他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑。

④His good health is witness to the success of the treatment.
他健康的身体证明这种疗法是成功的。

[名师点津]除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，意思为“是……发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。

⑤The last half of the nineteenth century witnessed/saw the steady improvement in the means of travel.
十九世纪下半世纪见证了旅行方式的稳定改善。

4．An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.(P58)
一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。

★was to be是be to do sth.结构，在此处表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。

①The train is to arrive in Shanghai at 1: 00 pm.
You are_to_arrive_at_the_spot before five this afternoon.
你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。

③The invention of the Internet is_to_change_the_way we communicate with each other.
因特网的发明注定要改变我们相互交流的方式。

[名师点津](1)be about to do ...表示“即将发生的动作”，不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于be about to do ... when ...，意为“正要做……这时……”。

(2)be going to do ...多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。

5．The world was in shock —maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.(P58)
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。

★assume v．假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现
①I will assume responsibility for it.
我愿为此承担责任。

We must assume_him_to_be innocent until he is proved guilty.
尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。

③Assuming (assume) that you are right, what should we do next?
假定你是对的，我们下一步该做什么？
④A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。

[联想发散]assuming (that) ...相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语从句。

类似的词还有provided,_providing,_supposing等。

6．We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.(P59)
我们急不可待地等待着发射。

★patience n．耐心
①Teaching children with special needs requires patience and understanding.
Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with_patience.
每当我犯错误，老师都是耐心地指出来。

③People have_lost_patience_with the slow pace of the reform.
人们对改革的缓慢速度已经失去了耐心。

④She is_very_patient_with young children, so she is fit for the job.
她对小孩特别有耐心，因此她适合这份工作。

7．In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.(P59)
尽管我们有先进的技术，但世界仍然只是处在探索太空的初始阶段。

★in spite of不管，尽管
①In spite of his age, he still leads an busy life.
尽管他们反对，我照样要做。

③In_spite_of/Despite_the_fact_that_he has failed the exam, he will never give up.
尽管他考试没有及格，但他不会气馁的。

[名师点津]in spite of相当于despite(较正式)，表示“不管，尽管”，侧重指客观情况；regardless of表示“不管，不顾”，侧重于主观上的“不考虑”
[联想发散]“in＋n.＋of”构成的词组常见的还有：
①in case of如果，假使
②in terms of 谈及，在……方面
③in charge of 负责，掌管 ④in favour of 支持，赞同 ⑤in honor of 为向……表示敬意
⑥in place of 代替
⑦in view of 鉴于，考虑到
⑧in search of 寻找
★advanced adj.高级的；先进的
④The government is promoting the advanced education. advance v ． 推动，促进；提前
n . 前进，进展，进步
in advance 提前，预先
in advance of (发展上)超前
科学在过去五十年内有很大的进步。

⑥It's unwise to spend your income in_advance.
把你的收入预先花掉是不明智的。

⑦His idea was well in_advance_of the age in which he lived.
他的思想远远超出了他所生活的年代。

8．to burst with a lot of force and loud noise (P59)
伴随着强大的威力和巨响爆炸
★burst v ．爆炸，破裂n.爆炸；爆发
①If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst .
如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。

②There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
burst in 突然进入(房间等)
burst into ＋n . ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
突然闯进……突然进入(哭笑等状态) burst out doing 突然做某事
The door opened and Mrs.Page burst_into the room.
门开了，佩奇太太冲进了房间。

④Everyone burst out laughing (laugh) while the little boy burst into tears (tear)．
大家突然大笑起来，但小男孩却哭了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
2．You are to_take (take) the responsibility for the mistake.
3．These calculation are based on the assumption (assume) that prices will continue to rise.
4．This requires a lot of practice and patience (patient)．
5．The area is of special historic (history) interest.
6．The professor usually gives an outline of what he is to touch on at the very beginning of the lecture.
7．This advanced (advance) method has been introduced in every factory.
8．The cars slowed down as they passed Customs.
9．The second country to_send (send) a man into space was America.
10．The little boy stood outside the supermarket, eyes _fixed (fix) on the toys.
11．Hearing our headmaster was injured, we were in shock.
12．Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn't make it.
13．Being aware of your own weaknesses is probably the key to success.
14．One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
15．The audience burst into cheers when the film star appeared.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他同我一样根本不适合当牧师。

He is no_more_fit to be a priest than I am.
2．你若预先通知我，我就能给您准备好了。

If you warn me in_advance,_I will have your order ready for you.
3．很多人不习惯没有手机的生活。

Many people are_not_accustomed_to living without mobile phones.
4．在这一学期的一开始，他就对足球表现出极大的兴趣。

At_the_very_beginning_of this term, he showed great interest in football.
5．未经警方允许，任何人不得擅自离开这座房子。

No one is to_leave_this_building without the permission of the police.
Ⅲ.一句多译
1．尽管背景不同，但他们相处得非常好。

①They got on well with each other in_spite_of/despite their different backgrounds.
②They got on well with each other although/though they have different backgrounds.
2．假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
①Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(assume)
②Suppose/Supposing (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(suppose)
③Providing/Provided (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(provide)
Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the moon back on 21st July, 1969, people 1.have_become (become) accustomed to the idea of space lions of people watched that first moon nding (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to 3.be_taken (take)．With Armstrong's famous words：“That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”，a dream 4.was_achieved (achieve)．
Later, people were no longer enthusiastic 5.about a space travel programme because of its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia—unched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, 7.which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped communicate a sense of 8.excitement (excite) and create new interest in the space programme, exploited just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). It was 10.the worst space accident ever.
[对应学生课下能力提升(十八)]
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．As the economy develops, the natural income goes up with a leap (飞跃)．
2．These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) venture.
3．The word “explode” means “to burst (爆炸) with a lot of force and loud noise”．
4．Will you act as witness (见证人) to the agreement between us?
5．Over 3 million viewers tune (收看) in to our show daily.
6．He is familiar with all the important historic (history) events.
7．The ancient Egyptians had advanced (advance) civilizations.
8．After waiting for an hour, I was beginning to run out of patience (patient)．
9．Not accustomed (accustom) to associating with business people, she decided to be a teacher after graduation.
10．How could you make an assumption (assume) about her without meeting her?
I haven't heard from him ever_since last year.
2．Everybody is_aware_of the importance of the skill.
3．They elected him monitor at_the_very_beginning_of the term.
4．He remains excellent in his studies at school in_spite_of having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
5．Since entry into high school the students have been_accustomed_to staying up late in the evening and getting up early in the morning.
6．Work hard, and you'll make_it eventually.
7．He was still in_shock from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.
8．Nobody has ever set_foot_on that island.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。

Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.
2．两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事并不比那个故事有趣。

I like neither of the two stories. For this story is no_more_interesting_than that one.
3．我习惯于在睡觉前听一些轻音乐。

I am_accustomed_to_listening_to some light music.
4．他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。

He came out of the library, a_large_book_under_his_arm.
5．你的作业下周一必须上交。

Your homework is_to_be_handed_in next Monday.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Saturn's icy moon Enceladus could theoretically be home to methane-producing (产甲烷的) alien life, NASA said. Researchers made the announcement based on data from 2015, when the spacecraft Cassini detected the presence of hydrogen during a flight through a cloud of gas and ice erupting from Enceladus' south pole. The hydrogen could be a sign of methanogenesis, a form of breath in which microbes (微生物) produce methane.
This is a very significant finding because the hydrogen could be a
potential source of chemical energy for any microbes that might be in
Enceladus' ocean，” Linda Spilker, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion
Labor­atory, said at a press conference. “We now know that Enceladus
has almost all of the ingredients you would need to support life as we
know it on Earth.” The findings were published in the journal Science.
“This is the closest we've come, so far, to identifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment，” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA's Science Missi on Directorate, said in a statement. “These results demonstrate the nature of NASA's science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”
NASA also announced that the Hubble Space Telescope observed what may have been water vapor emerging from the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa in 2014, and again around the same area in 2016.
Confirming the existence of Europa's gas would allow researchers to study that moon's chemical makeup without having to dig through miles of icy crust (表面). The Cassini and Hubble discoveries related to these “ocean worlds” will help scientists plan NASA's Europa Clipper mission, set to launch in the 2020s. The plan is for the unmanned spacecraft to orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed investigation of Europa.
“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time，” Jim Green, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division, said. “It enables us to make the right set of observations that can tell us much more about these ocean worlds, Europa in pa rticular.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

飞船探测到气体，表明土卫二可能存在外星生命。

1．The new discovery made the scientists feel more ________.
A．confident B．doubtful
C．worried D．confused
解析：选A细节理解题。

由第二段中的“This is a very significant finding”，第三段中的“This is the closest we've come”及最后一段中的“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。

2．According to the text, NASA's science missions aim to ________.
A．make space travel a reality
B．analyze Jupiter's chemical makeup
C．find out whether life exists outside Earth
D．explore the resources on Saturn's icy moon
解析：选C细节理解题。

由第三段中的“These results demonstrate the nature of NASA's science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not”可知，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。

3．Which would be a suitable title for the text?
A．There is life outside Earth
B．Enceladus could harbor alien life
C．A new study about Saturn begins
D．NASA is planning a landing on Jupiter
解析：选B标题归纳题。

本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。

故B项最适合作文章标题。

B
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon-dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks you're falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy. NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more
importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。

本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。

4．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。

5．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when ________.
A．they circle around on their bikes
B．they use microcomputers without a stop
C．they exercise in one place for a long time
D．they watch a movie while pedaling
解析：选C细节理解题。

根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起头疼。

6．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________.
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
解析：选D推理判断题。

根据第四段的“Your inner ear thinks you're falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.”可以推知由于他们的大脑接受到相反的信息而引起了他们的恶心。

7．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is ________.
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。

Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Five simple things that are actually complex
“1＋1＝2” is 300 pages long
__1__ In the early 20th century, Bertrand Russell wanted to prove that mathematics worked, so he decided to start with the simplest concept and prove 1＋1＝2. However, it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums.
The word “the” is one of the most common words in English.__2__ For example, why do we say, “I have the flu，” but not “I have the headache？” In the Oxford English Dictionary, there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly.
Some people say we yawn to keep us alert (警觉的) by taking in oxygen. However, various experiments have shown that yawning actually cools down the brain.__3__ As for why yawning is contagious (感染性的), no one knows that either.
Would you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relative position to a well-known landmark (地标性建筑)? __4__ It's a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because, without a point of reference, it's difficult to define what left and right actually are.
5__
You'd think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way, but it's only half the story. There's a famous experiment where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstanding one just by switching the labels. Their enjoyment of the product wasn't based on appreciation of wine — it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine.
A．What you feel may not be the truth
B．We enjoy things for reasons other than enjoyment
C．But what if you were talking to one who couldn't see?
D．We all know that one plus one equals two, but do you know why?
E．In fact, there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn.
F．Maybe you'd refer to the move of the Earth or something comparably huge.
G．Most of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word it actually is.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

文章列举了五件让人琢磨不透的简单事。

1．解析：选D根据本段标题可知，本段是介绍“关于1＋1＝2的论证有300多页”。

D项中的one plus one equals two 符合本段内容。

2．解析：选G根据本空后的例子可知，同样是在说生病，但是有的时候用the，有的时候不用the，所以说the“这个词实际上非常奇怪”，只是因为它太常见了，所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事”。

3．解析：选E本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论，由此可推测“实际上，关于我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论”。

本空后一句中的no one knows that either 也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染。

4．解析：选C根据本空前的内容可知，我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右，“但是如果我们是与一个盲人交谈呢”，又该如何定义左右呢？这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年。

5．解析：选B根据本段列举的例子及最后一句“Their enjoyment of the product wasn't based on appreciation of wine －it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine”可知，“我们喜欢一样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦，而是因为其他的原因”。

Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据汉语提示完成小作文)
①At_the_very_beginning_of (在……一开始时) the 1950s, China ②set_out_to_explore (着手探索) space.In 2008 when millions of people ③tuned_in_to_witness (收看节目来见证) Chinese first spacewalk, they ④burst_into_cheers (突然欢呼起来)．It was acknowledged as ⑤a_historic_event (历史事件), which was ⑥a_big_leap (一次大的飞跃) in the history of space exploration in China.At the same time, China began its lunar exploration program and China ⑦made_it (做到了). ⑧In_spite_of (尽管) our great achievements, we ought to be modest and work harder.。