英国历史 早期的征服史

The Norman Conquest

The Duke of Normandy, William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England. he was known as William the Conqueror, the first king of Angle-Norman kings. The Norman Conquest was the last invasion of England by foreigners.
Heptarchy (600–800)
1. Northumberland 2. Mercia 3. East Anglia 4. Essex 5. Wessex 6. Kent 7. Sussex 中国战国七雄： 秦齐楚燕韩赵魏
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Viking Invasion: The Route
Doomsday book (英国土地志/最终税册
also known as Domesday the record of the great survey of England completed in 1086
)


similar to a census by a government of today. William needed information about the country so he could administer it.
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Alfred the Great (849-899)

The king of Wessex, a talented statesman and soldier and the greatest figure in the history of AngleSaxon in England, succeed in pushing the Danes back. He is often regarded as the first king of a united England. He started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
Norman Conquest: establishment of Feudalism
The Battle of Hastings

the war between William and Harold, William’s army employed primarily cavalry with coats of mail, while the Harold’s army consisted mostly of infantry. The two armies met near Hastings in Sussex on October 14,1066. William won a decisive victory, and Harold died in the battle.
One of the main purposes of the survey was to find out who owned what so they could be taxed on it. The name Doomsday comes from the Old English word “dom”, meaning accounting or reckoning.
From the Brythons (a group of Celts) came the name for Britain.
The Celts remained tribesmen.
The Roman Britain (55BC—410AD)
Hadrian’s wall
Emperor of Rome (117-138) who sought to end distinctions between Rome and the Roman provinces. During his visit to Britain (122), he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall.
Early Man and the Feudal Society
Britain before Ice Age and Nomadic Life
Earliest Settlers (1) —The Iberians 伊比利亚人
Stonehenge 石林
Native People—The Celts (700BC)



Anglo-Saxon Invasion (450AD --- 1066)
Major Events
• Heptarchy (600–800) • Conversion to Christianity (6th – 8th)
• Viking Invasion (800–1066)
• King Alfred the Great (849-899)
Hadrian’s Wall 哈德良长城
Hadrian’s Wall
King Hadrian (AD 76–138) Period: AD 122-130 Length: 117 km Width: 3 m Height: 5 to 6 m Defense: Physical frontier UNESCO: World Heritage Site (1987)
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Viking Invasion: Viking Boats
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Heptarchy (600–800)
1. Northumberland 2. Mercia 3. East Anglia 4. Essex 5. Wessex 6. Kent 7. Sussex 中国战国七雄： 秦齐楚燕韩赵魏

★Influence of the Norman Conquest

It marked the formal establishment of Feudalism system in England


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The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the bestknown event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.
Influence of Roman Conquest brought their Roman civilization罗马入 侵对英国文化的影响.mkv

Brought language, Latin, marked the beginning of the written history

built towns,(e.g. London and York) temples, theaters and buildings; built roads and cultivated land; introduced a system of education and organized government. brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain water and sewage systems


Invaders
Iberians 3000 B.C.—2000 B.C Celts 700 B.C. Romans 55 B.C.—410 A.D. Anglo-Saxons 450 A.D. Normans 1066
Cultural Heritage
Stonehenge Scottish, Irish and Welsh race and culture, the name of Britain, King Arthur Latin alphabet and language, Christianity, roads, towns English race and language, king Alfred the Great, the legend of Robin Hood Final Unification of England. Foundation of aristocracy, the French language and way of life, the establishment of Feudalism