语言学试题与答案

I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.

1.Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects

such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.

2.Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element

and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

3.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in

different situations.

4.In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and

inherent relation to the physical world of experience.

5.Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive

meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.

6.Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as

the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.

7.The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its

components.

8.Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked

differently according to their degree of formality.

9.“it is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no

argument.

10.In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in

semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.

11.S________ can be defined as the study of meaning.

12.The conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a

linguistic form and what it refers to.

13.R______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world;

it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

14.Words that are close in meaning are called s________.

15.When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and

meaning, they are called h__________.

16.R_________ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a

relationship between the two items.

17.C____ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can

be divided into meaning components.

18.Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules

called s________ restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

19.An a________ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical

with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.

20.According to the n____ theory of meaning, the words in a language are

taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.