研究生学术英语写作答案2
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》杨炳钧参考答案

《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》教师参考作者:杨炳钧复旦大学出版社,2009年第一部分学术论文基本构件及其写法课前准备【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法,对错可以先不判定,本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。
1) The Method s of Improv e your Oral Englis h in Native Chines e-speaki ng School 【解答】首先,这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误,应当修改为The Method s of Improv ing Your Oral Englis h in Native Chines e-speaki ng School;其次,其中的代词your用得不合适,因为它是一种对话口吻,一般不适宜于学术论文;另外,标题中一般尽可能不用功能词,即介词、冠词、连词等。
如果要改进这个标题,可以表达为Method s of Improv ing Colle ge Students’ Oral Englis h in China等。
2) The studyof Chines e Teachi ng in Thaila nd Overse as School【解答】该标题修饰关系不清,大小写有误,study等多余。
可以改进为Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thaila nd等。
3) A New Opport unity to the moraldevelo pment of ruralleft-behind childr en【解答】该标题大小写有误;new的用法值得考虑,因为除非已经有所谓的opportunity,否则就没有什么new;修饰关系也有问题,尤其是to用得不对。
Academic Writing(学术英语写作)中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

Academic Writing(学术英语写作)中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.__________ is a very unique genre in academic context for it recalls what youhave learned.答案:Reflective writing2.__________ will contain raw data and other materials not central to the mainwork.答案:Appendix3.__________are a way of combing two sentences which have a close relationshipinto one.答案:Semicolons4.What is problem in the following statement?"Many people like large families."答案:Unspecific language5.What hedgin g language is used here to show the author’s degree ofconfidence?“One of the main functions of the pancreas is to produce hormones.”答案:Adjective6.The words “this”, “which” and “likewise” can be used as __________.答案:reference7.Read the following definition and identify the problem in it."By commercial advertisements, I mean these tricks and traps manufacturers use to advocate their products in all kinds of mass media."答案:Loaded definition with negative emotions8.Which of the following is NOT true about a paragraph developed byclassification?答案:Items from different classes can be discussed here.9.Read the following sentences and decide what kind of causal analysis thesesentences follow?"What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? Firstly, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. Furthermore, the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhapscenters on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides."答案:One single effect is caused by multiple causes.10.When we are planning to write an essay developed by comparison orcontrast, what should we consider as the first step?答案:Points of comparison11.Which of the following is NOT a function of the Conclusion?答案:It adds some new evidence or ideas to the essay.12.Read the following short paragraph and decide which arguing approach is used here."Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are imperfect, but they are likely to eventually become safer drivers than humans. According to data of automotive fatalities from the World Health Organization in 2018, 1.35 million humans died in car accidents, with tens of millions more injuries and disabilities (World Health Organization, 2018). Few of those deaths were the results of part failure or bad luck; the majority results from intoxication, texting while driving, and other distractions."答案:deductive13.Look at the copyright page of a book. What is the publishing house?答案: Routledge14.Look at the copyright page of a book, who is the author of the book?答案:Stephen Bailey15.In general, titles of science papers have around __________ words.答案:10-1516.When writing the Results section, we should consider the following steps__________:①summarize your findings with the relevant data②determine which results to present③present the data in an appropriate way④organize the data in order答案:②④③①17.From specific to general, a conclusion should contain: ____________,_______________, __________, _______________.①restatement of research purpose②limitation and recommendation③implications and significance④synthesis of main results答案:①④③②18.Which of the following is correct when the same author is cited for twopapers published within the same year?答案:Ellis, 2019a; Ellis, 2019b19._________ can include a general topic in the first part and a specific topic abouta distinctive feature of the study in the second part, which are oftenconnected by a colon.答案:Two-part titles20.__________ is a series of words that will often appear together.答案:Collocation21.“Replacing some of the author’s words in your text with synonyms, butmaintaining the overall structures and the vocabulary of the original” is not considered as plagiarism.答案:错误22.Academic writing is complicated.答案:错误23.In your academic writing, you should try to maximize the number of contentwords. One way to do this is to increase the number of nouns or nounphrases.答案:正确24.Many collocations in English contain function words, such as nouns, verbs,adjectives and adverbs.答案:错误25.Only transitional words, such as “because” and “thus”, can be regarded asgood transition to achieve coherence.答案:错误26.In an essay developed by comparison and contrast, the block pattern ispreferable in long writing in which there are numerous points underdiscussion.答案:错误27.When we write a conclusion for a process essay, we only need to repeat theinformation mentioned in the essay without providing any specific details.答案:正确28.An argumentative essay is an essay in which you agree with an issue andsupport it with evidence.答案:错误29. A thesis statement may state not only the author’s own point of view but a lsothe view from the other side.答案:正确30.An annotated bibliography include the list of all your sources and thesummary of the content of each source.答案:正确31.The following is an acceptable direct quotation:Gould and Brown (1991) explained that Darwin used the metaphor of thetree of life "to express the other form of interconnectedness–genealogicalrather than ecological” (p. 14).Reference:Gould, J. & Brown, A. (1991). The mating mind. Behavior Ecology,22(3),10-19.答案:正确32.Titles need to keep short and concise, and attracts the reader’s attention.答案:正确33.The abstract is the first thing you write.答案:错误34.An abstract should be fully understandable on its own to someone whohasn’t read your full paper or related sources.答案:正确35. A formal review of literature should be in the Introduction section of aresearch paper.答案:错误。
学术英语写作智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下天津外国语大学

学术英语写作智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下天津外国语大学天津外国语大学第一章测试1.What steps are involved in writing? ()A:PrewritingB:Revising and editingC:Writing the first draftD:Rewriting答案:Prewriting;Revising and editing;Writing the first draft2.The objectives of the course include ()A:To improve students’ thinking ability via choosing a topic, sourcinginformation, writing different parts of a project paper including introduction, literature review, methods, findings, discussions and conclusionB:To improve students’ writing and reading proficiency in EnglishC:To improve students’ capability of carrying out research by going through the process of writing a project paperD:To improve students’ cultural competence through learning western ways of thinking in English writing答案:To improve students’ thinking ability via choosing a topic,sourcing information, writing different parts of a project paperincluding introduction, literature review, methods, findings,discussions and conclusion;To im prove students’ writing and reading proficiency in English;To improve students’ capability of carrying out research by goingthrough the process of writing a project paper;To improve students’ cultural competence through learning westernways of thinking in English writing3.In freewriting, the writer needs to make everything perfect.()A:错 B:对答案:错4.The relationship between reading and writing can be described as()A:When you start learning writing, you will read differently.B:Reading is the input, while writing is the output of language.C:When you start learning writing, you will improve the awareness ofaccumulating language, information and idea for various topics, which will consequently change the way you read.D:Reading and writing are reciprocal activities; the outcome of a readingactivity can serve as input for writing, and writing can lead a student tofurther reading resources.答案:When you start learning writing, you will read differently.;Reading is the input, while writing is the output of language.;When you start learning writing, you will improve the awareness ofaccumulating language, information and idea for various topics, which will consequently change the way you read.;Reading and writing are reciprocal activities; the outcome of a reading activity can serve as input for writing, and writing can lead a student to further reading resources.5.The functions of writing include ()A:The discipline of writing will strengthen your skills as a reader and listener B:Writing will make you a strong thinker and writing allows you to organize your thoughts in clear and logical waysC:Writing encourages you to seek worthwhile questionsD:Writing helps you refine and enrich your ideas based on feedback fromreaders答案:The discipline of writing will strengthen your skills as a readerand listener;Writing will make you a strong thinker and writing allows you toorganize your thoughts in clear and logical ways;Writing encourages you to seek worthwhile questions;Writing helps you refine and enrich your ideas based on feedback fromreaders第二章测试1. A thesis statement should be one single sentence, including only one idea. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对2.An essay should include at least three specific details to be well-developed. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错3.The topic sentence for each body paragraph should be fairly specific becauseeach body paragraph deals with only one of the many things stated in thethesis statement. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对4.Living with my ex-roommate was unbearable. First, she thought everythingshe owned was the best. Secondly, she possessed numerators filthy habits.Finally, she constantly exhibited immature behavior.Read this paragraph and decide which statement is NOT TRUE? ()。
考研英语二作文真题

考研英语二作文真题Nowadays, the integration of technology in the educational sector has become a hot topic for discussion. As a result, the question of how technology impacts education has become increasingly relevant. In this essay, I will explore the positive and negative aspects of technology's role in education and offer my perspective on the matter.On the positive side, technology has significantly enhanced the learning experience. With the advent of the internet, students have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips. Online resources such as educational videos, e-books, and digital lectures have made it possible for students to learn at their own pace and from any location. Moreover, technology has facilitated interactive learning through the use of educational apps and software that engage students through games and simulations.Furthermore, technology has improved communication between teachers and students. Email, online forums, and instant messaging platforms have made it easier for students to ask questions and receive feedback. This has led to a more personalized learning experience, as teachers can provide targeted assistance to individual students based on their needs.However, there are also concerns about the over-reliance on technology in education. One of the primary issues is thepotential distraction it can cause. With so many digital devices and applications available, students may find it challenging to stay focused on their studies. Additionally, the constant use of technology can lead to a decrease inface-to-face interaction, which is crucial for developing social skills.Another concern is the digital divide, where students from less privileged backgrounds may not have equal access to technological resources. This can exacerbate existing inequalities in the education system.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to greatly enhance education, it is essential to use it responsibly and thoughtfully. Educators should strive to balance the benefits of technology with the need for traditional teaching methods and human interaction. By doing so, we can ensure that technology serves as a tool to improve education rather than a distraction from it.。
考研英语作文英二

考研英语作文英二英文回答:As a graduate student, I often find myself facing the challenge of balancing my academic studies with other aspects of my life. On the one hand, I am passionate about my research and dedicated to excelling in my studies. On the other hand, I also want to maintain a healthy social life and take care of my physical and mental well-being.For me, finding this balance has been a journey oftrial and error. In the beginning, I was so focused on my studies that I neglected my social life and health. I would spend long hours in the library, working on my research and writing papers, and I rarely took breaks to relax and socialize. As a result, I felt isolated and burnt out, which ultimately affected my academic performance.It was only when I hit this low point that I realized the importance of finding a balance. I started toprioritize self-care and social activities, and I noticed a significant improvement in my overall well-being. I made it a point to schedule regular exercise, meet up with friends for coffee or a movie, and even take short weekend trips to unwind and recharge.By making these changes, I found that I was able to approach my studies with a clearer mind and more energy. I also found that I was more motivated and productive, as I had something to look forward to outside of my academic responsibilities. This balance not only improved my academic performance but also enriched my personal life.中文回答:作为研究生,我经常发现自己面临着在学业和其他生活方面取得平衡的挑战。
研究生学术英语写作答案2

Part 2 unit 1P.109Exercise AText A is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text B jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with.Exercise B1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.2.That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing a nd access to basic amenities.3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries.4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem.5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.6.The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem.Exercise C1—2句:描述情况 3—4句:甄别问题 5—6句:描述解决方法7句:评估解决方法Exercise D1. brought on --- caused2. looking into --- investigating3. figure out --- determine4. come up with --- develop5. make up--- constitute6. get rid of --- eliminate7. gone up to --- reached 8. keep up --- maintain9. gone down --- decreased 10. looks over --- reviewsExercise E1. created / developed2. encountered / faced3. raised / introduced4. appeared / emerged5. examined / investigatedExercise F1. an integral part of2. nearly3. considerable4. obtained5. increasing6. intensified7. have insufficient8. rarely9. enlarged to facilitate loading and unloadingExercise G1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.2. Coffee prices have fallen for many r easons.3. The difference between these two approaches to designing under- ground subway station can clearly be seen.4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground5. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individual.6. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is now as a construction material.7. These special tax laws have been enacted in Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and other states.8. There is little research on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregate in the production of concrete.Exercise I1. sentence 2: For examplesentence 4: While / Althoughsentence 6: therefore / hence / thus2. sentence 2: however / thussentence 3: while / whereassentence 4: Although / Even thoughsentence 6: For exampleExercise K1. view2. finding3. problem4. process5. disruption6. situation7. method / approach8. conclusion9. phenomenon10. trend / tendencyUnit 2P.129Exercises A1. 1) Meetings of tourism and its importancea. Size of meetingsb. Locations of meetings2) Importance of meetings tourism in postindustrial urban renewala. Growth in the meetings tourism market in the U.S.b. Growth in international conferencesc. Importance of meetings tourism in comparison to leisure tourism inEurope2. This question usually generates some debate, but here is one possibility. Statement a could be a new sentence 7, while the point in Statement b could be incorporated into sentence 8 after the citation. Sentence 8 could then be split. The latter part of the sentence, after making, could be rewritten as a new sentence 9.3. Presumably there are other definitions for meetings tourism, and this is the one that the authors have chosen to use.1. 正式的句子定义1.1正式的句子定义要素1.2 删除你可以减少限制性关系代词若….(1) 定语从句仅有关系代词、be动词、一个或多个介词短语(2) 定语从句由被动态动词加上一些额外的信息(3) 定语从句含有关系代词、以-ble结尾的形容词和额外的信息1.3 词或词形变换你可以减少关系代词若….(1) 定语从句含有动词have。
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 2 Initiating Research

Unit 2 Initiating ResearchObjectives- Understand what a research is- Become aware of two language features of academic writing- Initiate your researchContents- Reading and discussion: What is a research?- Language focus: personal pronoun and nominalization- Writing practice: topic selection; focus formulating; a working title; outlining- Research practice: start the research1.Reading ActivityThis unit aims to describe what a research is, bring you an awareness of two language features of academic writing, and finally help you initiate a research of your own.1.1 Pre-reading TaskBefore you learn the detailed steps to initiate a research, please discuss the following questions:What is the purpose of initiating a research?How do you select the topic?What kind of topic can be studied?Do you often encounter first personal pronoun in academic writing? And why or why not?1.2 Reading PassageWhat is a research?A research is a systematic investigative process employed to increase or revise current knowledge by discovering new facts. It is divided into two general categories: (1) basic research is inquiry aimed at increasing scientific knowledge, and (2) applied research is effort aimed at using basic research for solving problems or developing new processes, products, or techniques. You may use "PPP" to describe the whole process of researching, which stands for Purpose (questions), Process (a systemic approach) and Product (answers) in the following figure.Purpose Process Product(Questions) (Systemic approach) (Answers)You can initiate a research in the following steps.Step1: Selecting a TopicSelect a topic that interests you.Selecting a topic is possibly the most difficult part of doing research. Is it too big? Is it too narrow? Will you be able to find enough on it? Start by choosing a topic that you like or are curious about. You are going to be working on it for quite a while, so try and find one that is interesting and that you can reasonably cover in the time and space available.Focus on a broad research topic.If you have a topic in mind, you still have to fine-tune your selection and narrow the focus. For example, by selecting the subject "Medical Care," you will discover reports relating to dozens of more narrow subjects, such as "Managed Care," "Medical Malpractice," and "Medical Mistakes." You will have to limit your topic, so that the research questions can be significant, original and answerable.Step 2: Formulating a thesis statementWrite your topic as a thesis statement, which may be the answer to your research question and/or a way to clearly state the purpose of your research. Your thesis statement will usually be one or two sentences that state precisely what is to be answered, proven, or what you will promise to your audience about the scope, purpose, and direction of your paper. It i s generally located near the end of the introduction; sometimes, in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or in an entire paragraph. And remember, the development of a thesis assumes that there is sufficient evidence to support the thesis statement.A thesis statement is supposed to be specific. Here is an example of a too broad statement:The Catholic Church’s influence on the formation of labor unions in the nineteenth century was extremely significant.Revision:The Catholic Church, by means of the pulpit and the purse, greatly influenced the labor movement in the United States during the final decades of the nineteenth century. Step 3: Writing a titleA good title is defined as the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of the paper. All words in the title should be chosen with great care, and their association with one another must be carefully managed.The title of your paper may not be exactly the same as your research question or your thesis statement, but the title should clearly convey the focus, purpose and meaning of your research.In terms of the structure of a title, it is mainly a noun phrase, gerund phrase, or a prepositional phrase. Sometimes, it can be a complete sentence. But for beginners, sentences are not recommended. The followings are some acceptable titles.Juvenile delinquency as the result of televisionDeath penalty – is it beneficial or unfavorable?The TV impact on the modern societyThe controversial character of Napoleon BonaparteFrank Lloyd Wright: Key Principles of Design For the Modern HomeAbnormal muscular tension caused by paspertin: report of 12 casesStep 4: OutliningUsing an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of information.A Working Outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics which you are thinking of covering in your paper. Sometimes, however, an instructor might require that a working outline be submitted at the beginning of your work; then your instructor might suggest ways in which the work needs to be further developed or cut back. The working outline can be revised as you discover new material and get new ideas that ought to go into your paper.A Final Outline enhances the organization and coherence of your research paper. The outline organization should suit well to your purposes. Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, cause-and-effect relationship, comparison and contrast between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position?A final outline can be written as a topic outline, in which you use only short phrases to suggest ideas, or as a sentence outline, in which you use full sentences (even very brief paragraphs) to show the development of ideas more fully. The following is a template outline of research, which may not reflect all of the research you will be including in your final paper, but it should show that you have done enough research that you know the main topics and subtopics that you will be using.∙Title∙Complete the sentence "The Purpose of this Paper is . . ."Introductiono Describe the problemo Why is this analysis appropriate?o Importance of the problemo The scope of the reviewo Gaps in the previous studyo How the results of the review will be applied.o Identify the research questions you hope to answerMethodologyo Identify the method used to identify and locate sources;o Explain the rationale used for selecting the sources to analyze;o Explain the procedures to be used for analyzing the sources;o Identify the criteria for evaluating the information found.Analysis and Discussion (General points to consider)o Evidence and ideas are presented from sourceso Concepts are organized by sub-topicso Sources are grouped by concepts instead of individual entitieso Grouping may be related to research questions.o Validity of sources is stated to support your ultimate answers to yourquestions.o Each of your statements is cited by placing the number(s) identifyingthe reference(s) which support your statement.Conclusions and Recommendationso Identify and synthesize findingso Systematically answer your research questionso Provide recommendations for▪Future research▪Classroom applications▪Educational policies and procedures,▪Program revisions, or▪Other warranted situationsReferenceso L ist each of your references using APA format (or as close to it as youcan get.)o N umber each of your references so you can cite your evidence in theAnalysis and Discussion section1.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Summarize the procedure of initiating a research based on the text in a few key words and fill in the following table.1.3.2 Read the following topics and please decide what the theme is and in what way the topic is limited for each proposal based on Step 1.nguage Focus2.1Person PronounsFirst person pronounsYou can usually strengthen your impersonal tone by removing first person pronouns.Second person pronounsWhen considering an audience, you establish credibility by avoiding secondperson pronouns to decrease closeness and informality.2.1.1 Turn the following sentences into academic ones by avoiding first and second personal pronouns.1. I think that doctors should be required to complete communication skill courses.2. When you read Hamlet, you should notice clear foreshadowing of events to transpire.3. I chose this method because it was less complex.4. My reading has shown that there are several reasons why plants are dispersed by ants.5. The one I have found the most agreement for is that ant nests are nutrient enriched sites and therefore it may be advantageous for seeds to germinate from within ant nests .6. I also found that the results of this study concurred with Berg's (1975) hypothesis that seeds are protected from fire through their burial in ants nests.2.1.2 Check for the appropriate person for the following text. First and second person pronouns are sometimes applicable to the consultative voice, but not in the formal one. Be sure that you are consistent with your usage throughout the paper.For our project we decided to check out the impact of two simple actions aimed at getting more female employees to use the stairs at a five floor worksite. The first thing we did was that we put up a health sign that linked stair use to health and fitness. And the second thing was an E-mail which we asked the worksite doctor to send out. We asked him to point out how regular stair use could be really good for general fitness. We did the research by checking things out in four states: a baseline week, the week after the sign, the week after the E-mail and then 3 weeks after that.We were really pleased that stair use went up a lot in the week after the sign, from a baseline of 69% to 77%, and then up again to 89% after the E-mail. Unfortunately, 4 weeks after the E-mail was sent out, stair use had gone down to 67% and we were very disappointed about that, we had expected these simple actions to lead to more stair use but we didn’t think the positive effect would’ve vanished after amonth. So it’s really difficult to make any recommendations based on our evidence. 2.2 NominalizationIn the text, we read:“A Final Outline enhances the organization and coherence of your research paper. The outline organization should suit well to your purposes.”Do you find anything particular about structural features of these two sentences above? If yes, why do we use the structure?Nominalization: The word nominalization defines itself, since it is itself an example of a nominalization. When you turn a verb into a noun, you nominalize it, creating a nominalization. Nominalization types differ according to the level of organization at which the nominalization takes place Three types of nominalizations can be distinguished: nominalizations at the level of word (e.g. reject, rejection), nominalizations which nominalize a structure that lies in between a verb and a full clause (e.g. Sa m’s rejection of the budget) and, finally, nominalizations consisting of full clauses (e.g. Failure could result in rejection of the budget.)2.2.1 Try to write the nominal forms of the following words.Verb NominalizationDiscoverImpairAllowRefuseStudyProposeIndicateRemoveAssumeIntendLiableNegligentExtensiveLegalCarelessProficient2.2.2 The following sentences do not sound academic. Rewrite them with nominalization.1. We walked for charity. We raised money for the Leukemia Foundation.2. Crime was increasing rapidly and the police were becoming concerned.3. Germany invaded Poland in 1939. This was the immediate cause of the Second World War breaking out.4. We need to know which parts of our library are being used most extensively so that we can project what resources are most needed.5. I know English well. I worked for three years in a factory in Shanghai. I think I am good enough for your job.2.2.3 The following text sounds colloquial. Rewrite it into an academic passage with nominalization.Because only a few people have most of the money and power in Australia, I conclude that it is not an equal society. Society has an Upper, Middle and Lower class and I think that most people, when they are born into one class, end up staying in that class for their whole lives. When all three classes are looked at more closely, other things such as the differences between the sexes and people's racial backgrounds also add to the unequal nature of Australian society. Women earn less than men and own less than men. Why is this so?3. Writing Practice3.1 Topic SelectionThe following is a list of topics that you may be interested in. Choose three topics and discuss their possibilities as subjects for research with your teammates. If you find none of the following interesting, you can propose your own.3.2 Focus FormulationPlease formulate focus for the three topics that you are most interested in chosenfrom 3.1 by limiting them to some aspects, e.g., a certain population, theory, or methodology.1.___________________________________________________________________.2.___________________________________________________________________.3.___________________________________________________________________.3.3 Establishing a Working TitleA working title is a title which you initially think of in order to establish a focus for your research and writing. As you read and become more involved in the subject of your project, your viewpoint may change. This isa partof the process of developing your ideas, and thus a part of fine-tuning your research skills. You may decide to go back and change your plan, and your final title may differ somewhat from your working title.The following are James' working title, and the process of refinement.Please write down three acceptable titles for the three topics that you have narrowed down in the previous task 3.2.1._______________________________________________________________2._______________________________________________________________3._______________________________________________________________3.4 OutliningThe following passage is an abstract of a research paper. Please write an outline and a title for this passage.ABSTRACT: Hunger during school may prevent children in developing countries from benefiting from education. Although many countries have implemented school feeding programs, few programs have been rigorously evaluated. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of giving breakfast to undernourished and adequately nourished children. The undernourished group comprised 407 children in grades 2–5 in 16 rural Jamaican schools (weights-for-age 21 SD of the National Center for Health Statistics references) and the adequately nourished group comprised 407 children matched for school and class (weights-for-age >21 SD). Both groups were stratified by class and school, and then randomly assigned to breakfast or control groups. After the initial measurements, breakfast was provided every school day for 1 school year. Children in the control group were given one-quarter of an orange and the same amount of attention as children in the breakfast group. All children had their heights and weights measured and were given the Wide Range Achievement Test before and after the intervention. School attendance was taken from the schools’ registers. Compared with the control group, height, weight, and attendance improved significantly in the breakfast group. Both groups made poor progress in Wide Range Achievement Test scores. Younger children in the breakfast group improved in arithmetic. There was no effect of the nutritional group on the response to breakfast. In conclusion, the provision of a school breakfast produced small benefits in children’s nutritional status, schoolattendance, and achievement. Greater improvements may occur in more undernourished populations; however, the massive problem of poor achievement levels requires integrated programs including health and educational inputs as well as school meals. (Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:873–9.)4. Writing Project4.1 You have decided on a topic for research in this semester. Please write it down.4.2 Please narrow down your topic to one or more research questions.4.3 Please write down your thesis statement and list the key words that best describe your topic.4.4 Please make an outline of your research, and exchange your outlines within your team for peer correction mainly in inner logic and coherence.5. Final ChecklistHere is a checklist for you to initiate a research. Please make sure that your potential project meets the criteria for a good research.。
考研英文二作文范文

考研英文二作文范文英文:When it comes to the question of whether studying abroad is a good idea, I believe it depends on the individual's goals and circumstances. For some people, studying abroad can be a life-changing experience that opens up new opportunities and broadens their horizons. They may gain valuable skills and knowledge, improve their language proficiency, and make connections with people from all around the world.On the other hand, studying abroad can also be a challenging and stressful experience. It may involve dealing with cultural differences, homesickness, and financial difficulties. Furthermore, some people may find that studying abroad does not necessarily guarantee better job prospects or higher salaries in the long run.Overall, I think studying abroad can be a great optionfor those who are willing to take on the challenges and make the most of the opportunities. It can be a chance to step out of one's comfort zone, learn about different cultures, and gain new perspectives. However, it is important to carefully consider one's goals and circumstances before making the decision to study abroad.中文:对于是否出国留学是个好主意这个问题,我认为这取决于个人的目标和情况。
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Part 2 unit 1P.109Exercise AText A is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text B jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with.Exercise B1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.2.That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing a nd access to basic amenities.3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries.4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem.5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.6.The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem.Exercise C1—2句:描述情况 3—4句:甄别问题 5—6句:描述解决方法7句:评估解决方法Exercise D1. brought on --- caused2. looking into --- investigating3. figure out --- determine4. come up with --- develop5. make up--- constitute6. get rid of --- eliminate7. gone up to --- reached 8. keep up --- maintain9. gone down --- decreased 10. looks over --- reviewsExercise E1. created / developed2. encountered / faced3. raised / introduced4. appeared / emerged5. examined / investigatedExercise F1. an integral part of2. nearly3. considerable4. obtained5. increasing6. intensified7. have insufficient8. rarely9. enlarged to facilitate loading and unloadingExercise G1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.2. Coffee prices have fallen for many r easons.3. The difference between these two approaches to designing under- ground subway station can clearly be seen.4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground5. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individual.6. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is now as a construction material.7. These special tax laws have been enacted in Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and other states.8. There is little research on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregate in the production of concrete.Exercise I1. sentence 2: For examplesentence 4: While / Althoughsentence 6: therefore / hence / thus2. sentence 2: however / thussentence 3: while / whereassentence 4: Although / Even thoughsentence 6: For exampleExercise K1. view2. finding3. problem4. process5. disruption6. situation7. method / approach8. conclusion9. phenomenon10. trend / tendencyUnit 2P.129Exercises A1. 1) Meetings of tourism and its importancea. Size of meetingsb. Locations of meetings2) Importance of meetings tourism in postindustrial urban renewala. Growth in the meetings tourism market in the U.S.b. Growth in international conferencesc. Importance of meetings tourism in comparison to leisure tourism inEurope2. This question usually generates some debate, but here is one possibility. Statement a could be a new sentence 7, while the point in Statement b could be incorporated into sentence 8 after the citation. Sentence 8 could then be split. The latter part of the sentence, after making, could be rewritten as a new sentence 9.3. Presumably there are other definitions for meetings tourism, and this is the one that the authors have chosen to use.1. 正式的句子定义1.1正式的句子定义要素1.2 删除你可以减少限制性关系代词若….(1) 定语从句仅有关系代词、be动词、一个或多个介词短语(2) 定语从句由被动态动词加上一些额外的信息(3) 定语从句含有关系代词、以-ble结尾的形容词和额外的信息1.3 词或词形变换你可以减少关系代词若….(1) 定语从句含有动词have。
这时关系代词和have都省略掉,用with代替。
(2) 定义从句含有主动态状态动词。
这时关系代词省略掉,动词变成-ing形式;但be和have除外。
(3) 定语从句含有的情态助动词可省略P.130 Exercises B1. metal that is often used —> metal often used2. device that is capable of —> device capable of3. roof which is on top of —> roof on top of4. precipitation which results from —> precipitation resulting from5. This sentence cannot be reduced.6. flute that is pitched an octave higher ---> flute pitched an octave higher7. a process that involves the selective transport —> a process involving theselective transport8. a celestial body which has approximately the same mass —> a celestial bodywith approximately the same massExercises C1. with2. in3. to4. from5. in6. about7. in8. inExercises D1. components and type2. example3. history4. applicationExercises E 4-1-7-2-5-6-3Exercises G1. There are many aspects of the text that make it seem "academic": the citations,the vocabulary (e.g., engage in rather than do in sentence 2), and the use of a summary phrase (sentence 4), to name a few.2. The general definition of procrastin-ation provides a good backdrop againstwhich to discuss the two types of procrastinator.3. Yes, sentence 7 tells the reader exactly what (and how many types ofprocrastinator) will be discussed next. (Highlight this as a form ofmetadis-course and explain the usefulness of such expressions.)4. S3: instead S6&10: moreover S11: In contrast S13: neverthelessS15: therefore5. This phenomenon refers to procrastination.6. There are times when procrastination takes place for good.7. A paragraph break would be appropriate before sentence 7.8. Writing the references into the sentences would place greater emphasis on theresearchers.9. The authors might summarize the main differences between the two types,discuss the ramifications of each type, and/or discuss (the proposal of theirpaper.10. It might answer these questions: Are there different kinds of procrastinator?Can the two kinds of procrastinator change their behavior?11. Psychology.Exercises H1. Sentences 4, 7, and 10.2. Present tense. The theories are "timeless." Although they were formulated in thepast, they were still widely accepted today.3. S5: In other words S6: thereforeS7: on the other hand S8: for exampleS9: In other words S16: For instanceThe purpose is either for explanation / exemplification or to indicate contrasts among the competing theories.4. There are a number of possibilities: perhaps a discussion of the writer's owntheory of humor in which flaws in the other theories are presented. Perhaps an expansion of one of the theories; most likely an analysis of a humoroussituation 'play, hook, movie, or something else), using each of the competing theories or demonstrating how they do not always work.5. The text, is actually a general review of different theories. It is mostly a GS text,but it doesn't get more and more specific with each sentence. The text reachesa particular level of specificity and then remains at that level. It doesn't providevery specific detail for each of the theories.6. No.It simply says that modern theories are variations of old ones, and it onlyspecifically mentions superiority theory and incongruity theory. (There is no complicated motive behind this. Chris simply had exhausted all her resources and did not, look for modern versions of all the theories.)7. If Chris expressed a preference, it was not intentional. Note the absence ofevaluative language. However, she has a strong preference for incongruitytheory. If she had wanted to express a preference, she would have discussed the incongruity theory last, rather than in the middle. Discussing the preferred point of view in final position is a common rhetorical strategy.Exercises I1. No answer is given.2. Sentences 1, 4, 10, and 14 are important for the four parts of the text. Moststudents feel that these are most important. However, we can also note that the major claim or conclusion is given in sentence 13.3. He states that there is a problem with the databases used in Garfield's study andthen provides support for this assertion. Next, he gives a very concreteexample of a serious weakness — the inconsistency regardingArabic-language science journals. This example should raise some doubts with the reader, making it apparent that there is a problem. (Note thegeneral-specific movement in the paragraph.)4. Considering that this is a very short text, the amount of detail is appropriate. If itwere longer, then it would make sense to critique the databases and themethodology used to arrive at the 80% figure. The number of examples isdependent on the length of the text. Certainly one more would be nice. Canyou supply one?5. There are several examples of hedging here, particularly in the second and third paragraphs. But the number of hedges should not be equated with the level of uncertainty. Notice that in the second paragraph, we have hedged generalizations, but in the third there are several unhedged statements of results for single studies. Nevertheless, overall, the two paragraphs seem simi-lar in terms of the level of conviction.6. Garfield 1983; Najjar 1988;Throgmartin 1980; Velho and Krige 1984; Warrenand Newhill 1978. All but one of these citations are twenty or more years old.Given that changes in language policy are likely to be evolving, the reference list looks rather dated.7. Users may like to consider issues such as which languages are acceptable injournals or which languages are used for abstracts.1. The situation and the problem are presented in the first paragraph, while in thefirst sample they spread over two different paragraphs. In contrast to theprevious text, the situation requires little explanation — only one sentence is necessary. Also thenature of the problem is clearer here than in the previous text. We can allimagine the seriousness of the problems associated with the lack of fresh water.A one-sentence paragraph is not a good idea, so it makes sense to continue theparagraph with a discussion of the problem.2. Nets are erected —> water droplets of the fog are collected by the nets —>water flows from the nets to troughs —> water flows through filters intostorage tanks —> water is chemically treated —> water flows to households.3. Present tense is used because this is a repeatable process.4. is now being tested, are attached, are trapped, is then piped, is chemicallytreated.5. The progressive is appropriate here because the testing is being done at the timeof writing. From the author's perspective, it is in progress and has not beencompleted. Although the progressive is rare in scientific academic English, it can often be used to describe contemporary change (e.g., "Scholars arebeginning to change their ideas about. . .") The verb to be can indeed be used in the progressive.6. now, approximately, when, then, chemically, finally.•Sentence 4: this absence of rainfall Sentence 14: this collection system Both of these occur in the final sentence of their respective paragraphs. They serve to summarize the main point of the paragraph.8. There is nothing fancy or elegant here. The solution is "announced": "Oneinteresting solution to this problem is . . ."9. Students tend to select the following information.the dimensions of the nets the trough materialthe storage link materials and dimensionsthe brand name of the netting the duration of the fog seasonthe time needed to construct the system10. A new paragraph could be added under the description of the process. Addingthis paragraph would also necessitate a change in the first sentence of the final paragraph to ensure good How.11. The information about cost could be added between sentences 15 and 16.3. 语言聚焦:解决方法中的动词与施动者1.Bacteria in meat can be killed by a brief but intense period of radiation betweenbutchering and packaging.2. Possible harmful effects of drugs can he reduced by carrying out carefullydesigned, large-scale clinical trials.3. One class of rocks is formed by the gradual accumulation of mineral particles atthe bottom of a body of water.4. Information on political preferences can he obtained by questioningpassersby in a busy public area.5. Sequences of events at archaeological sites can he established by identifying thedistinct layers of an excavation site and cataloging which items werediscovered in which layers.6. Cultures are partly preserved by continuing ceremonial and ritualistic traditions— such as those surrounding marriage or the birth of a child — that have helped to define them.7. Changes in land use can be detected by comparing images taken by satellite overa period of time.8. The spread of infectious diseases can be controlled by vaccinations and byencouraging frequent hand washing.Exercises M1. The oil is skimmed from the surface using a boom and then pumped into a tankfor recycling.2. After being harvested, the grapes are crushed to release the pulp and seed andthen fermented for three weeks.3. First, the glass is cut to size and inspected to determine if it has anyimperfections. It is then heated to over 600°C and cooled, in a step known as quenching.4. A vessel taken from the leg is grafted to the aorta and the coronary arterybeyond the narrowed area, thus allowing blood to flow to the heart muscle. 5. When water from rain or melted snow percolates into the ground through cracks,it is heated by the underlying rocks to temperatures well above the boilingpoint. The water does not boil but, rather, becomes superheated andpressurized, causing it to eventually burst out of the ground in an explosive steam eruption.Exercises N1. Situation: sentences 1--2 Problem: sentences 3--9Solution: sentences 10--11 Evaluation: sentence 12The "problem section" receives the greatest treatment, because the detail isnecessary to understand the problem. The nature of the problem (why it ishappening) is not transparent, as it is in the "Clouds and Fog" text.2. Sentence f>: in response Sentence 7: thus Sentence8:i I‘3. Investigations are under way and have not been completed.4. The agent is unnecessary. Passive voice here helps keep the focus on recovery.5. If sentence 2 said, "They are the marine equivalents of terrestrial rainforests," wecould consider this as accepted fact. As it stands in the original, the authors are being cautious about making such a strong claim.Exercises O1. The question remains whether it is possible to develop a reliable earthquake warning system.2. Current studies provide little information on how this policy is being implemented in rural areas.3. We need to know what precautions are being taken to prevent the spread ofthe disease.4. There is some question as to whether the current crisis can eventually be overcome.5. It has not been determined how these policies are likely to affect small businesses.6. It might also be of interest to investigate to what extent persistence is a major factor in graduate student success.7. Another issue raised by this study is whether and to what extent poverty and climate are linked.8. The process uses the CPU power it needs, depending on what it is doing and depending on what other processes are running.9. The research inves tigated whether time is money ……10. It is unclear what the optimal level of government debt is.Unit 3P145Exercises A b-e-d-a-c-f 力度依次递减Exercises B1. The commentary starts in Sentence 3.2. Sentence 1: definition; Sentence 2: statement of the problem.3. In many ways, yes; but note that the author offers no perfect solution to reducingthe number of virus infect-ion, even though she emphasizes the importance of antivirus programs.4. Lots of possibilities here: the formal vocabulary; the absence of reference topeople (e.g. "concern over" in sentence 2 ); the uses of the passive; nonfinite -ing clauses; sentence complexity, especially in sentences 4 and 6; and so on.5. Sentence 5 seems more highlighted than sentence 4.6. Discuss the implications of the data.7. This seems very reasonable, given the importance of this mode of infection.8. This might be the comment to discuss the "rounding" of numbers. Alterna-tive Blooks a bit flat and alternative A possibly a bit enthusiastic (is 87% really "about 90%"?). Also the intensifying as much as ( and other comparableexpressions) can be sold as a useful way of enlivening the text.Exercises C1. in2. by3. in4. in5. in6. in7. with…of8. by9. by 10. inExercises E第一段are shown/measured/was chosen第二段Figure 1/decrease/presumed/underestimates them during the vacant period 第三段may be due to/On the other hand/observed levels /may be reduced/the effects ofExercises F1. PCM 45 minutes peak2. NFM 10 minutes low point3. NFM 25 - 35 minutes remained steady4. PCM 15 - 25 minutes sharp rise5. PCM 45 -60 decline6. NFM 10-25 minute sharp riseExercises Ge-b-h-c-d-i-a-f-gP a r t3P180Exercises B(1). The girl was good-looking, well mannered, and kind-hearted. (climatic)(2). So beautifully did she sing that the audience burst into applause. (inverted)(3). If you have nothing to say, stop talking. (periodic)(4). In recent years, many factories, especially those engaged in the manufacture ofchemical products, were established in the suburbs. (repetition)(5). To be sure she wasn't out with someone else, he called his girlfriend every night. (periodic)(6). At the edge of the wood was a little hut half buried in snow. (inverted)(7). Each state in the United States is allowed to a large extent to control its own affairs. (balanced)(8). My father bought this tape-recorder at half price. (active emphasis)(9). Although he wanted it more than anything else in the world,he knew he had little chance of getting the job. (periodic)(10). One good teacher, generally speaking, is worth a dozen good books. (first order)(11). The person who cheats others is ultimately cheating himself. (end order) Exercises C(1). Having written down all the answers, he still had time to revise them.(2). Holding/With his walking-stick under his arm, he walked up and down the street.(3) The spring being well advanced, we shall soon hear cuckoo's voice again.(4). He declined to open his door to these visitors without giving any reason.(5). Having no money left, he could not carry on the business any longer.(6). They could not decide the point themselves, so they asked a third personto decide it for them.(7). Though he is a rich man, he is not proud of his wealth and makes no distinction between rich and poor.(8). The feet of a cat are furnished with long sharp claws, so a bird or mouse, oncecaught, cannot escape.(9). They despised my warning, so they shall eat of the fruit of their own way.(10). No one knows when he will come.(11). I was glad to hear that you have succeeded so well.Exercises D(1). Many of my friends didn't have the opportunity to go to college.(2). Second, men are usually physically stronger than women.(3). I don't feel that grades in college have much value.(4). He enrolled in an advanced calculus class. Later he found it too difficult, anddropped.(5). When anyone shows up, you should invite him to come in.(6). The faculty here seem more like friends than like teachers.(7). Whenever he saw a pine forest, he was reminded of the night he spent on themountain.(8). She created at least one good design, and sold it for several hundred dollars.(9). In the modern world of today, we must get an education that will prepare us fora lifelong job.(10).Feeding its ever-increasing population is one of India's most acute problems.(11). She has never read a book more interesting and instructive than that one.(12). The college has some professors well- known at home and abroad.(13). At a secondhand bookstore, my father bought me this book which cost $5.(14). To succeed in business, you must hold a responsible job.(15). I met a boy who had lived in a new city, but who knew little about his home town.(16). The school management brought not only paper, and books, but also largequantities of ink.(17). The workers in our factory work much harder than those in your factory.(18). The little girl not only plays the piano but also composes music.(19). Shanghai has a good harbor and a highly developed industry, so it has become the industrial center and most important port of China.(20). My sister suddenly fell ill and she had to stay at home. Therefore, she missed many lessons.(21). They heard an interesting account of the villagers' customs.(22). He was not only a famous scholar but also a great patriot.(23). My father usually worked late into the n ight.(24). The splendid display in shop windows has a irresistible fascination.(25). My father is a veteran worker.(26). First mop the floor and then have a rest.(27). My father is an artist; therefore, I have also chosen art as my profession.(28). John Smith first met Johnson when John Smith/Johnson was fifty-four.(29).The reason for Tom's disappointment was that his sister wasn't there tocomfort him.(30). I enjoyed the sun, the sand and the surf. This experience revealed to me that Ireally prefer a vacation at the beach.(31). Often people can find work if they are willing to take what they get.(32). In ten seconds I made my decision that changed the next seven years of my life.(33). There was a knock at the door. I asked who it was, but got no answer.(34). Gasoline is becoming expensive, so automobile manufacturers are producing smaller cars that use less gasoline.(35). Getting married is easy, but staying married is a different matter.(36) Many students attend classes all morning and work all afternoon, so they have to study at night. As a result, they are usually exhausted by the weekend.(37). It is especially true in our country that t eachers are respected by everyone.(38) At first I wondered if I should speak to her b ecause she seemed so absorbed in her thought.(39) We knew the old desk had a secret drawer, but no one could find it.(40). They did not win the game; so far as I could see they did not even try.P187Exercises C 931745268Exercises D 2376451Exercises F ⑴923876541 ⑵3724651Exercises G 562413Exercises H 426351。