虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：

一、与现在事实相反

连接词条件从句结果从句

If 1.动词过去式(或were)

2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形

Should

Would+动词原形

could

might

Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall. IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.

二.与将来事实相反

连接词条件从句结果从句

If 1.should+动词原形

2.动词过去式

3、wereto+动词原形

Should

Would+动词原形

could

might

Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo? IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth. Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.

三、与过去事实相反

连接词条件从句结果从句

If had+过去分词Should

Would+have+过去分词could

might

IfI’ddnownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.

四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

省掉if的条件从句结构：

Had you asked me, I woul d have told you.(=If you had asked me,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing.

(=If he were a true friend, he...)

(=If there were no water,…)

(=If you hadn’ t helped me,…)

3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If h e had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you ,I would have gone home.

五、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

suggest, advise ,recommend ,demand,

require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should)+动词原形

devide , ask move, propose等

注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。

He suggested that they(should) stop smoking.

上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made are quest that they (should)stop smoking.

如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。

Heinsiststhatheisright.

2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative,advisable,动词完成式

Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+

essential,strange,等动词原形

Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders. Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.

3、wish的用法

动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反

主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反

助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反

IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..) IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)

Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.

注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)

（2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)

4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.

Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.

5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：

It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.

It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.

虚拟语气专项练习题

(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.

A.be

B.was

C.were

D.am