现在分词和过去分词
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
主动形式 肯定 否定
一般式 doing 完成式 having done not doing not having done
被动形式 肯定 否定
being not being done done having not having been done been done
过去分词一般只有一种形式：done
4.伴随状语 伴随状语（后置）＝and (sb) did / was doing sth
She sat in a sofa, watching TV.
=She sat in a sofa and (she) was watching TV.
He stood there, crying.
=He stood there and (he) cried.
The lazy student came to school with his homework all unfinished.
1）由于母亲生病了，他必须呆在家里。
Because his mother was ill, he had to stay at home.
His mother being ill, he had to stay at home. 2) 如果时间允许的话，我们将召开一个会议。 If time permits, we will hold a meeting. Time permitting, we will hold a meeting. 3) 老人过着贫苦的生活，没有人关心他。(without) The old man lived a poor life, without anyone caring for him.
2、过去分词做定语
Tom is a person loved by everyone. =Tom is a person who is loved by everyone. I want to buy a cake made by Tom. =a cake which has been made by Tom… There was nobody invited here. There was no time left. 结论:过去分词 （1）被动或完成 （2）完成常前置，被动后置
3) 现在分词的一般式的被动语态：
那个正在被讨论的问题是非常重要的。
The question which is being discussed now is very important.
The question being discussed now is very important.
现在分词的完成式：表示动作在谓语动词 前已经发生。
因为我看过这部电影，所以我能告诉你这个故事。 Because I have seen the film before, I can tell you the story. Having seen the film before, I can tell you the story.
独立主格结构：
因为他的同学不在教室，所以他一个人wenku.baidu.com问老师题目了。
Because his classmate was not in the classroom, he went to ask the teacher some questions alone. His classmate not being in the classroom, he went to ask the teacher some questions alone.
Having finished the job, he left.
=After he finished/had finished the job... Having seen the girl twice, I can recognize her. =Because I have seen the girl twice… Having been surrounded by the flood for three days, we are short of food. 结论:动作先于谓语用having done
现在分词的一般式：表示动作与谓语动词 同时发生，或几乎同时发生。
当他坐在公园里的时候，他发现一个小男孩在哭泣。
When he sat in the park, he found a boy crying. Sitting in the park, he found a boy crying. 学生们跟着他们的老师。学生们进入教室。 The students followed their teacher.
2.原因状语
Thinking he might telephoned him. be at home, I = As I thought he might be at home, I telephoned him. Seeing a robber, I ran away. =Because I saw a robber, I ran away. Hit by a bullet, the soldier fell from the horse. = Because he was hit by a bullet, the soldier fell from the horse.
Translation:
4.因为是周日，我们出去野炊。
5.时间允许，我会做的更好。
6.没有公共汽车，Joe乘了出租车。
7.会议结束，他们都离开了房间
4）It being Sunday,we went out for a picnic.
5)Time permitting, Iwill do it better.
Taking this medicine, you will recover soon.
=If you take this medicine, you will recover soon. Given another chance, I will do the job far better.
= If I am given another chance, I will do the job far better.
5.
作其他状语
The old man died , leaving nothing to his children.(结果状语) =The old man died,and left nothing to his children.
Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong.（让步状语）
Unless invited, I will stay home.
On/upon = as soon as
注意：
a.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的 主语一致。 b.当主从句主语不相同时，从句部分的动词按照 先前的规则变成现在分词或过去分词结构，但是 从句部分的主语不能省略。有时还可以在独立主 格前加with或without.
Note: 分词做状语，为了强调，有时在 分 词 前 加 while, when, on ， if, unless,
until…
When/While looking through the paper,I noticed a few mistakes.
On hearing the good news, we went to a restaurant to cheer our winning.
二.分词做状语
Participle (phrases) used
as
adverbial
1.时间状语
When the students heard the bell, they went into the classroom. Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom When he fell asleep, he dreamed he was far away. Falling asleep, he dreamed he was far away. After we were taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look. Taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.
The students went into the classroom.
Following their teacher, the students went into the classroom.
2) 现在分词的完成式：
在做完作业之后，他出去散步了。 After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk. Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
3.
条件状语
Staying here for some time, you’ll find the people here are friendly. =If you stay here for some time, you’ll find the people here are friendly.
6) There being no bus, Joe took a taxi.
7) The meeting being over, they all left the room.
三. 现在分词的
时态和语态变化
1) 分词的一般式：
在路上走的时候，他发现了一支钢笔。
When he was walking along the street, he found a pen. Walking along the street, he found a pen. (同时发生 ) When walking a long the street , … After she returned home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. Returning home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. (几乎同时发生)
The contents of this lesson
1.定语 2.状语 3.现在分词的时态 4.分词的否定
一.分词做定语
1、现在分词做定语
A smiling girl came up to me. =A girl who was smiling… A man wearing glasses passed by. =A man who was wearing glasses… I have a room facing south. = A room which faces south... 结论: （1）主动，表正在进行或状态 （2）单词前置，短语或自带宾语后置
Present Participle and Past Participle
现在分词和过去分词
molly
分词：
1.英语中分词有两种：
现在分词 过去分词
2.分词在句中可以充当： 表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语 3. 分词的特征： 现在分词表：主动或进行 过去分词表：被动或完成
4.现在分词的时态和语态的变化如下表：
=Although/While I admit what you say…
We came running all the way. (方式状语)
= We came and we ran all the way.
方式状语 ( stand , go , come , sit )
He stood leaning against the wall They come into the room, running.
一般式 doing 完成式 having done not doing not having done
被动形式 肯定 否定
being not being done done having not having been done been done
过去分词一般只有一种形式：done
4.伴随状语 伴随状语（后置）＝and (sb) did / was doing sth
She sat in a sofa, watching TV.
=She sat in a sofa and (she) was watching TV.
He stood there, crying.
=He stood there and (he) cried.
The lazy student came to school with his homework all unfinished.
1）由于母亲生病了，他必须呆在家里。
Because his mother was ill, he had to stay at home.
His mother being ill, he had to stay at home. 2) 如果时间允许的话，我们将召开一个会议。 If time permits, we will hold a meeting. Time permitting, we will hold a meeting. 3) 老人过着贫苦的生活，没有人关心他。(without) The old man lived a poor life, without anyone caring for him.
2、过去分词做定语
Tom is a person loved by everyone. =Tom is a person who is loved by everyone. I want to buy a cake made by Tom. =a cake which has been made by Tom… There was nobody invited here. There was no time left. 结论:过去分词 （1）被动或完成 （2）完成常前置，被动后置
3) 现在分词的一般式的被动语态：
那个正在被讨论的问题是非常重要的。
The question which is being discussed now is very important.
The question being discussed now is very important.
现在分词的完成式：表示动作在谓语动词 前已经发生。
因为我看过这部电影，所以我能告诉你这个故事。 Because I have seen the film before, I can tell you the story. Having seen the film before, I can tell you the story.
独立主格结构：
因为他的同学不在教室，所以他一个人wenku.baidu.com问老师题目了。
Because his classmate was not in the classroom, he went to ask the teacher some questions alone. His classmate not being in the classroom, he went to ask the teacher some questions alone.
Having finished the job, he left.
=After he finished/had finished the job... Having seen the girl twice, I can recognize her. =Because I have seen the girl twice… Having been surrounded by the flood for three days, we are short of food. 结论:动作先于谓语用having done
现在分词的一般式：表示动作与谓语动词 同时发生，或几乎同时发生。
当他坐在公园里的时候，他发现一个小男孩在哭泣。
When he sat in the park, he found a boy crying. Sitting in the park, he found a boy crying. 学生们跟着他们的老师。学生们进入教室。 The students followed their teacher.
2.原因状语
Thinking he might telephoned him. be at home, I = As I thought he might be at home, I telephoned him. Seeing a robber, I ran away. =Because I saw a robber, I ran away. Hit by a bullet, the soldier fell from the horse. = Because he was hit by a bullet, the soldier fell from the horse.
Translation:
4.因为是周日，我们出去野炊。
5.时间允许，我会做的更好。
6.没有公共汽车，Joe乘了出租车。
7.会议结束，他们都离开了房间
4）It being Sunday,we went out for a picnic.
5)Time permitting, Iwill do it better.
Taking this medicine, you will recover soon.
=If you take this medicine, you will recover soon. Given another chance, I will do the job far better.
= If I am given another chance, I will do the job far better.
5.
作其他状语
The old man died , leaving nothing to his children.(结果状语) =The old man died,and left nothing to his children.
Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong.（让步状语）
Unless invited, I will stay home.
On/upon = as soon as
注意：
a.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的 主语一致。 b.当主从句主语不相同时，从句部分的动词按照 先前的规则变成现在分词或过去分词结构，但是 从句部分的主语不能省略。有时还可以在独立主 格前加with或without.
Note: 分词做状语，为了强调，有时在 分 词 前 加 while, when, on ， if, unless,
until…
When/While looking through the paper,I noticed a few mistakes.
On hearing the good news, we went to a restaurant to cheer our winning.
二.分词做状语
Participle (phrases) used
as
adverbial
1.时间状语
When the students heard the bell, they went into the classroom. Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom When he fell asleep, he dreamed he was far away. Falling asleep, he dreamed he was far away. After we were taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look. Taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.
The students went into the classroom.
Following their teacher, the students went into the classroom.
2) 现在分词的完成式：
在做完作业之后，他出去散步了。 After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk. Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
3.
条件状语
Staying here for some time, you’ll find the people here are friendly. =If you stay here for some time, you’ll find the people here are friendly.
6) There being no bus, Joe took a taxi.
7) The meeting being over, they all left the room.
三. 现在分词的
时态和语态变化
1) 分词的一般式：
在路上走的时候，他发现了一支钢笔。
When he was walking along the street, he found a pen. Walking along the street, he found a pen. (同时发生 ) When walking a long the street , … After she returned home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. Returning home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. (几乎同时发生)
The contents of this lesson
1.定语 2.状语 3.现在分词的时态 4.分词的否定
一.分词做定语
1、现在分词做定语
A smiling girl came up to me. =A girl who was smiling… A man wearing glasses passed by. =A man who was wearing glasses… I have a room facing south. = A room which faces south... 结论: （1）主动，表正在进行或状态 （2）单词前置，短语或自带宾语后置
Present Participle and Past Participle
现在分词和过去分词
molly
分词：
1.英语中分词有两种：
现在分词 过去分词
2.分词在句中可以充当： 表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语 3. 分词的特征： 现在分词表：主动或进行 过去分词表：被动或完成
4.现在分词的时态和语态的变化如下表：
=Although/While I admit what you say…
We came running all the way. (方式状语)
= We came and we ran all the way.
方式状语 ( stand , go , come , sit )
He stood leaning against the wall They come into the room, running.